Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Haze Australia'
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1
Cardak, Buly Ahmet. "Does Australia have a long term current account problem? intertemporal substitution : theory and Australian evidence /." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecc2663.pdf.
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Jarrett, Stephanie Therese. ""We have left it in their hands" : a critical assessment of principles underlying legal and policy responses to aboriginal domestic violence ; a location study /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj373.pdf.
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Hardman, Blair. "Reintroduction ecology of mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and merrnine (Lagostrophus fasciatus) at Shark Bay, Western Australia." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0024.html.
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Asquith, Nicole. "Speech Act Theory, Maledictive Force and the Adjudication of Vilification in Australia." Network Books, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3897.
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Asquith, Nicole. "The Text and Context of Malediction: A Study of Antisemitic and Heterosexist Hate Violence." VDM Verlag, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3898.
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noResearch into the contours of hate crime has gone through several ebbs and flows over the last twenty years. At times, acts of horrific brutality have brought the issue of hate violence into the public imagination; sometimes leading to legislative changes, education programs and the funding of community organisations to manage the harms caused by this unique form of violence. The Stephen Lawrence murder in the UK in April 1993, and the Matthew Shepherd murder in the USA in October 1998 both led to major policing and legislative changes, including the introduction of penalty-enhancement measures, which were thought to more adequately ameliorate the additional harms generated from targeted violence, and to create the conditions for good citizenship in diverse societies. However, this legislative and policing transformation of hate crime regulation is not universal, even in Western democratic states. The Australian Federal government has not responded in comparable ways; preferring instead to abrogate much of its responsibilities under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and International Convention on Civil and Political Rights to state governments¿particularly, in relation to gay men and lesbians¿ social citizenship rights. In relation to hate violence, contemporary Australian research has begun to address the inconsistent application of law, public policy and policing practice. However, the issue of `hate speech¿ has remained largely uninterrogated. Equally, research has tended to focus on the unique characteristics of specific forms of hate violence, rather than assess the conditions of exclusion shared by disparate groups. This book remedies both of these deficiencies by providing a critical analysis of the role of hate speech in hate violence, and offering a comparative investigation of antisemitic and heterosexist violence.
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Hardman, Blair. "Reintroduction ecology of mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and merrnine (Lagostrophus fasciatus) at Shark Bay, Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/34.
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The transfer of threatened animals from one location to another in order to benefit the species is a technique frequently used by animal conservation managers. However, very few of these relocations have experimentally assessed the relative merits and disadvantages of commonly used release techniques. Two species of hare-wallaby, mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and merrnine (Lagostrophus fasciatus), were reintroduced in August 2001 onto Peron Peninsula in Western Australia. These threatened species were reintroduced using two release strategies (soft versus hard release), and their subsequent movements and body condition were monitored using radio-telemetry and trapping.
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Calderone, Ursula University of Ballarat. "I hope that I have got some art." University of Ballarat, 2008. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12783.
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In this thesis I have researched what I believe is the powerful, catalytic effect of poetry on the creative work of some artists. I have chosen three, Australian painters; Sidney Nolan, James Gleeson and Brett Whiteley. I have looked carefully at how the works of various poets have influenced and inspired these artists. I have put forward the idea that this engagement with the poetic realm has greatly enhanced the artist’s creative form-making. Indeed these artists have acknowledged their strong links with the world of poetry. I have touched very briefly on the ideas of some renowned philosophers who stress society’s need for fine works of art. In my opinion great works of art can come from this linking of painting with poetry and therefore, this nexus is to be encouraged. I have in my own painterly works looked to the poets for inspiration. In The Wimmera Series of landscape works, I read Brian Edwards’ and Homer Reith’s poetry, and found in their imagery a rich source of creative ideas. I continued to read the works of the poets and found that the poetry of Ezra Pound, Dante Alighieri, Judith Wright and the works of many others, were an inspirational and catalytic force. I have also discovered on this artistic journey that the very writing of poetry, my own attempts in this field, seemed to bring to my painting, a sharper, a more analytical and critical focus. Renowned art critics and art historians have criticised contemporary art for its lack of the poetic, and its boring shallowness. I would urge artists to engage with the poetic realm, and this interplay between painting and poetry, may produce fine works of lasting greatness.Master of Visual Arts
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Calderone, Ursula. "I hope that I have got some art." University of Ballarat, 2008. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14619.
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In this thesis I have researched what I believe is the powerful, catalytic effect of poetry on the creative work of some artists. I have chosen three, Australian painters; Sidney Nolan, James Gleeson and Brett Whiteley. I have looked carefully at how the works of various poets have influenced and inspired these artists. I have put forward the idea that this engagement with the poetic realm has greatly enhanced the artist’s creative form-making. Indeed these artists have acknowledged their strong links with the world of poetry. I have touched very briefly on the ideas of some renowned philosophers who stress society’s need for fine works of art. In my opinion great works of art can come from this linking of painting with poetry and therefore, this nexus is to be encouraged. I have in my own painterly works looked to the poets for inspiration. In The Wimmera Series of landscape works, I read Brian Edwards’ and Homer Reith’s poetry, and found in their imagery a rich source of creative ideas. I continued to read the works of the poets and found that the poetry of Ezra Pound, Dante Alighieri, Judith Wright and the works of many others, were an inspirational and catalytic force. I have also discovered on this artistic journey that the very writing of poetry, my own attempts in this field, seemed to bring to my painting, a sharper, a more analytical and critical focus. Renowned art critics and art historians have criticised contemporary art for its lack of the poetic, and its boring shallowness. I would urge artists to engage with the poetic realm, and this interplay between painting and poetry, may produce fine works of lasting greatness.Master of Visual Arts
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Haddon, Malcolm. "The nectar of translation: conversion, mimesis, and cultural translation in Krishna Consciousness." Australia : Macquarie University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/44448.
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"July 2003".Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Department of Anthropology, 2004.
Bibliography: p. 337-345.
Introduction: representing ISKCON: spreading the message of Krishna Consciousness -- "Easy journey" to another planet: fieldwork, culture conversion, and the location of the spiritual -- A taste for Krishna: aesthetic theology and transubstantiation of culture -- Spiritual culture: varnasrama-dharma and brahminical training -- ISKCON and imitation: appropriating the model in Gaudiya-Vaisnavism -- Remembering Prabhupada: hagiography as spiritual practice -- The nectar of translation: mantra, text and the "yoga of spiritual transmission" -- Conclusion: conversion, mimesis, translation: self-realisation and the other in Krishna Consciousness.
This is a cultural anthropological study of The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), or the Hare Krishna movement. Data for this research derive primarily from ethnographic participant-observation, and include tape-recorded interviews with Hare Krishna informants as well as ISKCON literature collected during fieldwork. -- Analysis focuses on Hare Krishna techniques (saddhana, or yoga) of religious transformation, including physical, aesthetic, and discursive practices involved in the pursuit of spiritual realisation in ISKCON. Conversion, mimesis, and translation are the three key conceptual themes which inform a critical analysis of the production and effect of cultural difference in Hare Krishna spiritual practice. Ethnicity and conversion emerge as parallel concerns as the involvement of diasporic Indian and Indo-Fijian Hindus at the congregational level of ISKCON's ministry in Sydney, Australia, is examined for its effect on Western converts' experiences of Krishna Consciousness. A new conceptual approach to the meaning of 'conversion' to ISKCON is developed from this account. -- Recent sectarian developments in ISKCON's relationship with the Indian tradition of Gaudiya-Vaisnavism are also examined within a comparative theological framework. Hagiographic practices surrounding ISKCON's Bengali founder, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1896-1977), and textual practices surrounding the founder's translations of Vaisnavite scripture, are both analysed as core features of Hare Krishna spirituality. The theological significance of these practices is directly correlated with recent sectarian tensions between ISKCON and the Indian tradition.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
345 p. ill. (some col.)
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Bradshaw, B. P. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melansporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060327.92530.
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Asquith, Nicole. "Race riots on the beach: A case for criminalising hate speech?" British Society of Criminology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3896.
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noThis paper analyses the verbal and textual hostility employed by rioters, politicians and the media in Sydney (Australia) in December 2005 in the battle over Sutherland Shire¿s Cronulla Beach. By better understanding the linguistic conventions underlying all forms of maledictive hate, we are better able to address the false antimonies between free speech and the regulation of speech. It is also argued that understanding the harms of hate speech provides us with the tools necessary to create a more responsive framework for criminalising some forms of hate speech as a preliminary process in reducing or eliminating hate violence.
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Hutton, Peter. "Antimicrobial plants of Australia have the potential to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminants." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0159.
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[Truncated abstract] Antimicrobial growth promoters are added to feed to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminant animals by selectively inhibiting rumen bacteria that produce lactic acid. However, recently imposed or impending bans on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in animal production have lead to a critical need to find practical alternatives that are safe for the animal and consumer and that obtain similar production benefits. I investigated bioactive plants of Australia for their potential to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminants. The unifying hypothesis tested was that plants would be identified that selectively inhibit lactic acid-producing bacteria and consequently protect against lactic acidosis. This hypothesis was tested in a three phase process: phase 1, plant selection and collection; phase 2, a three stage protocol for screening plants and essential oils; phase 3, in vivo experiments and chemical fractionation of the most promising plant. I developed an in vitro bioassay that simulated acidosis by adding glucose to rumen fluid in Bellco tubes and incubating for 5 h (Chapter 4). The pH and gas production were used as indicators of acidosis and fermentation activity. I used this bioassay to screen ninety-five plants (dried and ground material from 79 species) and ten essential oils and included a negative control (oaten chaff) and a positive control (virginiamycin). One plant, Eremophila glabra, produced a similar pH (5.63) to the positive control (5.43) although it inhibited gas production to a moderate extent (P < 0.05). ... Seven serrulatane diterpenes were identified to be the major secondary metabolites in E. glabra. The metabolites were screened using a broth dilution and microtitre spectrophotometry method and were selective against S. bovis at between 320 and 1077 [mu]g/ mL. The serrulatanes from E. glabra were probably responsible for the activity against acidosis that I observed in vitro, because they selectively inhibited lactateproducing bacteria. It is also possible that a synergy between serrulatanes and possibly other metabolites are responsible for the activity observed in vitro. The results from my experiments support the role that bioactive plants may have to replace the antibiotics that are added to livestock feed. Australian plants were identified containing compounds that were active against the bacterial processes responsible for ruminant acidosis. To my knowledge this is the first work undertaken to identify bioactive plants of Australia for their potential to prevent acidosis. I developed in vitro screening bioassays that targeted key indicators of acidosis. These bioassays enabled me to identify 5 plants from the 104 screened that could potentially control acidosis. One of these plants in particular, E. glabra, showed a level of activity in vitro that was comparable to antibiotic protection against acidosis. The exciting in vitro results were not demonstrated in vivo but only one dose level of E. glabra was used, which was based on the in vitro work. In contrast to the in vitro system the rumen is a continuous flow system with greater complexity and it is possible that the concentration of E. glabra that I used in vivo was not optimum. This places importance on future dose response experiments to confirm the efficacy of E. glabra in vivo.
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Gwakuba, Umile. "Police engagement with African communities in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2565.
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Utilising a qualitative, grounded theory methodology, this research investigated police engagement with the African communities, especially youth in Western Australia. Voices of African youth, police officers and African leaders’ perspectives and experiences were captured through in-depth interviews and focus groups in relation to the nature of their relationship. Factors contributing to the relationship and considerations for effective engagement between the multiple parties were explored.
Overall, the study found that the relationship between African youth and police in Western Australia was tense and filled with mistrust. There was a gap between standard policing and the community policing models when addressing non-law-abiding African youth, particularly around the Perth commercial business district (CBD). Community policing was found to effectively engage African community leaders and their associations but unable to address ongoing tension between patrol officers and African youth in entertainment precincts around Perth CBD. African leaders were concerned with the harsh treatment of African youth by police and disappointed with non-law-abiding youths’ refusal to attend support events they organise for them. Youth accused police of being racist towards them. Many participants evidenced excessive monitoring and movement restrictions (through move-on notices), arrests and hefty charges in Perth CBD as being racially motivated. Police participants accused African youth of disorderly behaviour, including challenging police authority and involvement in violent crimes. Police, youth and African elders noted a lack of cultural sensitivity and training of patrol officers, as well as a lack of understanding of legal and policing matters by African youth. Considering community engagement models from both community development and community policing engagement perspectives, a community policing engagement model for culturally and linguistically (CaLD) communities has been proposed based on data obtained.
Participation of African communities, especially youth, on policing matters, recruitment of African people into WA Police, cultural training of police officers and providing education to African communities on policing and legal matters are key to resolving tensions and building trust between the two parties. The continued tension and reported racism towards African youth in Perth CBD has brought into question WA police’s legitimacy, commitment to procedural justice and protection of basic human rights in terms of freedom of movement and inclusion of all citizens. While youth were interviewed from various Perth suburbs, there was a suggestion that the major concerns they had related more to the Perth CBD. By not prioritising non-law-abiding African youth and relying on African leaders to report community policing issues, police are not effectively addressing ongoing crime issues. Therefore, community policing needs to prioritise members of community who engage most with police, driven by core business needs and achieved by aligning standard policing and community policing priorities to work together in addressing African youth challenges.
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Marchant, Sylvia, and srmarch@internode on net. "The Historical Traditions of the Australian Senate: the Upper House we Had to Have." The Australian National University. ANU College of Arts & Social Sciences, 2009. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20100723.095617.
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This thesis examines the raison d�etre of the Australian Senate, the upper house of the Australian bicameral parliament, established in 1901. It explores the literature that might have influenced its establishment and structure, and the attitudes, ideals, experience and expectations of the men (and they were all men) who initiated its existence and designed its structure during the Federation Conventions of the 1890s. It goes on to study whether similar western and British influenced institutions were seen as models by the designers of the Senate, followed by an examination of its architecture, d�cor, and procedures, to determine the major influences at work on these aspects of the institution.
The study was undertaken in view of the paucity of studies of the history and role of the Senate in relation to its powerful influence on the Government of Australia. Its structure can allow a minority of Senators to subvert or obstruct key measures passed by the lower house and is a serious issue for Governments in considering legislation. Answers are sought to the questions of how and why it was conceived and created and what role it was expected to play. The study does not extend beyond 1901 when the Senate was established except to examine the Provisional Parliament House, opened in 1927, which realised the vision of the Convention delegates who determined that the Senate was the house we had to have.
The research approach began with an exhaustive study of the Records of the Federal Conventions of the 1890s, where the Constitution of Australia was drawn up, along with contemporary writings and modern comment on such institutions. A study of the men who designed the Senate was carried out, augmented with field visits to the Australian State Parliaments. Research was also conducted into upper houses identified by the delegates to the Australian Federal Conventions, to consider their influence on the design of the Senate.
The conclusion is that the Senate was deliberately structured to emulate the then existing British system as far as possible; it was to be an august house of review and a bastion against democracy, or at least a check on hasty legislation. The delegates showed no desire to extinguish ties with Great Britain and their vision of an upper house was modelled directly on the House of Lords. The vast majority of delegates had cut their teeth in colonial upper houses, which were themselves closely modelled on the Lords. To not establish a Senate would have been to turn their backs on themselves. The Senate then, is not a hybrid of Washington and Westminster: the influence of the United States was limited to the composition of the Senate and its name and mediated through the filter of its British heritage. The example of other legislatures was unimportant except where it solved problems previously experienced in the Colonial Councils and which might have otherwise occurred in the Senate. The Senate was the upper house we had to have; it was a decision that was taken before the delegates even met.
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Maloney, Robert James. "What factors have determined spectator attendances at test cricket matches in Australia, 1920-21 to 1983-84? /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecm257.pdf.
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Manning, Joanne Melissa. "Subversive voices a study of text and performance in the interpretation and realisation of experimental poetry /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/47260.
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"March 2002".Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Humanities, Department of English, 2005.
Bibliography: p. 324-344.
Introduction: framing the texts -- Subversive voices -- Formulating a theoretical position -- Performance: a complete process -- On second thoughts: rewriting contemporary culture -- Performing On second thoghts -- Dialogic voices: Amanda Stewart and # -- Performing # -- Voices of desire: Ania Walwicz and Soft -- Performing Soft -- Marginal voices: Hazel Smith and Poet without language -- Performing Poet without language -- Conclusions: interpreting subversive voices.
This study considers the text and performance of four Australian experimental poets, Chris Mann, Amanda Stewart, Ania Walwicz and Hazel Smith. My aim is to demonstrate how the genre of experimental poetry uses language and performance in such a way as to rewrite existing dominant discourses. The challenge as an analyst is to find ways into such reflexive texts that use intertextual resources of critical theory as their subject matter. The perspective employed here engages with the theories posited by the texts and allows for a theoretical position removed from the structure and theories informing them. -- The study is organised in two parts. First, I consider the subversiveness of the genre drawing on Raymond Williams' notion of the emergent, followed by a discussion of important predecessors in the field of experimentation. I then outline the particular method of enquiry and theoretical framework used here to analyse the meaning potential of such works. Systemic Functional Grammar and Multimodal Discourse theory are discussed and their particular application in this study. The second part of the thesis applies these theories to the experimental works. -- I begin explaining my theoretical position by considering the weakness of the commonly used theories of Kristeva's 'semiotic' to analyse such works. I found Systemic Functional Grammar, as developed by Michael Halliday and then Terry Threadgold, to be a useful tool for elucidating the meaning potential behind the fractured grammars in the texts. It also provided a way of conceptualising enunciative positions and the way intertextual resources might be rewritten. From within this linguistic framework I was able to discern subversive messages from the intertwined theories ranging across the texts from Marxism, structuralism, psychoanalysis, feminism and multiculturalism. -- The performance posed another challenge as the improvised spoken texts, uniquely performed by these artists, create a subversive listening position for the audience, which engages with both the words and sounds for their sonic and semantic qualities. I consider many ways of addressing the role and behaviour of the performer and listener as well as the performance as a creative process, emerging from the two. I engage the model put forward by Kress and Van Leeuwen for analysis of multimodal texts which provides a functional approach to meaning potential in the performance and its varying layers. Within this model, I found prosody most useful for its ability to notate intonation, key, disjuncture and stress, exposing the dialogic voices and the relationship between semantics and sound in the performances. This form of communication is equivalent to the indexical entailment of sound and music which forms the basis for communication between performers, and between performer and audience. The dialogic situation is enhanced by both prosody and indexical entailment providing possible meanings. I use some traditional musicological analysis but my aim is to move away from such formalistic descriptions to consider culturally inscribed sounds and their interpretation using a functional model. -- Throughout, the complexity of experimental performance is evident but the theoretical frame used here might be applied to other works of this nature as a means of further understanding the semiotic web in subversive texts.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
344 p., music
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Stott, Philip Anthony. "Comparisons between two successful invaders : the European hare Lepus Europaeus and the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus in Australia." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289637.
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Clifford, Sally Margaret. "Why have you drawn a wolf so badly? : community arts in healthcare." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35893/1/35893_Clifford_1997.pdf.
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Community arts is often criticised for its tendency to be more about welfare than art. This thesis investigates this claim through the environment of a growing number of
arts projects taking place in healthcare settings. Healthcare settings inherently deal with the field of welfare. This research has recognised that many of these projects are participation-based community arts projects. I have termed these projects arts-inhealth
and they form the case studies of this research.
Arts-in-health is not art therapy. Arts-in-health is a community arts-based approach to artmaking which enables people to access art processes and skills which are not part of the treatment or diagnosis of their illness. This thesis recognises that people belong to a communal web of relationships which can often be severed when they
become ill. Because arts-in-health encourages artmaking beyond a treatment framework, it can re-connect people to their communal web. is thesis claims that for community art to have this impact it must be designed and
implemented through artistic processes and not treatment, therapeutic or clinical ones. If community art processes do become distorted by therapeutic processes, they
will become more about welfare and less about art; consequently, they contribute less to the community in which individuals live.
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Kraemer, Sharan. "The whistleblower in the workplace: The influence of the personal characteristics of individuals who have blown the whistle in one Australian context." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/229.
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Whistleblowing is not a new phenomenon but recent technological advances, which make corrupt behaviour difficult to hide, have exposed whistleblowingg as a burgeoning problem on several levels: international, national and local. Whistleblowing presents problems not only for the organisation which must deal with the offender, contain any damage to its reputation and manage the problems that enabled the corrupt behaviour in the first place; but it presents problems for the whistleblower. While ultimately an organisation may benefit from a whistleblower's action, the whistle blower's journey is rarely without sacrifices. Individual whistleblowers must call upon personal strengths to report misconduct despite probable adverse consequences. To explore an aspect of contemporary whistle blowing, this research relies on the theory of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) which identifies five characteristics of whistleblowing behaviour: altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, civic virtue and conscientiousness (Organ 1990, 1997). Van Dyne, Graham and Dienesch (1394) whose research tested OCB theory, argued that loyalty to the organisation was also an important characteristic. In a later study Paine and Organ (2000) concluded that in Australia. OCBs and loyalty to the organisation are negated by the Australian ethos of "mateship". These concepts are a springboard for the proposed research.
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Gibbs, Kathryn. "The schooling experience of six adolescent boys who have been diagnosed with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/68160/1/Kathryn_Gibbs_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explored the experience of schooling of six adolescent boys diagnosed with AD/HD from the perspectives of the boys, their mothers and their teachers. The study utilised social constructionism as the theoretical orientation and an explanatory theory of AD/HD, the Dynamic Developmental Theory (DDT) of AD/HD as a framework. Findings included the importance of making and managing friendships for young people with AD/HD, the importance of being informed about AD/HD as well classroom strategies that support the learning of students for teachers, and the apparent role that medication in concert with an engaging classroom environment can play in the successful schooling of boys with AD/HD.
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Zevallos, Zuleyka, and zzevallos@swin edu au. "'You have to be Anglo and not look like me' : identity constructions of second generation migrant-Australian women." Swinburne University of Technology, 2004. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050323.142704.
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My thesis explores the social construction of identity of 50 second generation migrant-Australian women aged 17 to 28 years using a qualitative methodology. I conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 25 women from Latin American backgrounds and 25 women from Turkish backgrounds. My study investigated the intersections of ethnicity, gender, sexuality and nationality. I found that the Latin women constructed their ethnic culture in reference to their country-of-origin traditions, and that they also identified with a pan-ethnic Latin culture that included migrants from other South and Central America countries. I found that the Turkish women constructed Turkish culture in reference to their religious practices, and they saw themselves as �Muslim-Turks� who identified with an Islamic pan-ethnic culture that included Muslim migrants from different national backgrounds. The women in both groups drew upon Anglo-Australian culture when it came to their gender and sexuality constructions. The Latin and Turkish women did not see themselves as �typical� women from their migrant communities. Instead, their sense of femininity was informed by what they saw as Australian egalitarianism. The women in both groups saw Anglo-Australians� gender relationships as an ideal, and as one woman said of Anglo-Australians, �how much more equal can you can get?� The women�s social construction of the nation was equally influenced by multiculturalism and an Anglo-Australian identity. They highly valued their Australian citizenship and felt positive about their lives in Australia. At the same time, they had faced ongoing racism and they reported that other people judged their Australian identities through racial characteristics. One woman said that in order for people to be accepted as Australian, �you have to be Anglo and not look like me�. Despite this sense of social exclusion, the majority of my sample held hybrid migrant-Australian identities. I develop a threefold typology of the women�s identities, and I found that 13 women did not see themselves as Australian, 36 women saw themselves as partly-Australian, and one woman held an exclusively Australian identity. I argue that narratives of multiculturalism and Anglo-Australian identity influenced the women�s social construction of identity. Their belief that Australian identity was multicultural was at odds with their experiences of racism and their own self identities, and so I examine the women�s beliefs in reference to an �ideology of multiculturalism�. This ideology supported the women�s contribution to the nation as second generation migrants, and ultimately, they expressed an unwavering support for Australian multiculturalism.
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Hayes, Michelle A. "The individual and joint effects that age, gender and peers have on the criminal behaviour of Australian youth /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16955.pdf.
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Paul, Anne, and n/a. "Maintaining teacher morale in amalgamating schools : factors which have a positive effect on teacher morale & factors which have a negative effect on teacher morale." University of Canberra. Education, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061031.143504.
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This study arose out of an experience with an amalgamation of two high
schools in the ACT in the early 1990s. The amalgamation process took two and
a half years from the time the decision was made to close one of the schools
until the new school was consolidated on one site. The change processes
impacted on many areas of teachers' work and this, combined with the
emotional aspects of being in a school which was closing, flagged teacher
morale as an issue requiring attention.
The study involved seeking responses to a questionnaire and interviewing
teachers involved in the amalgamation. The interview data was then grouped
by issue and the responses from teachers analysed and compared with related
research literature.
Research indicated that leadership style and effectiveness impacts most
heavily on the morale of teachers undergoing major change such as school
closure/amalgamation. This was substantiated by this study. The decision, by
the principal, to close both schools and create a new school, retaining aspects
of the culture of the original schools was clearly favoured over the alternative
suggestion, by the ACT Government, of the swift closure method and the
absorption of students into an existing school. The outward signs of a new
school; name; logo; uniform; the involvement of the community, the degree of
shared decision-making, the refurbishment of the buildings, the new curriculum
and associated policies and the management of resources were found to
contribute positively to teacher morale.
A lack of consultation prior to announcing the closure decision, a failure to
acknowledge the need of some teachers to grieve for the loss of their school
and a lack of activities to mark the final days of the schools involved have been
identified as having the greatest negative effect on teacher morale in this study.
Maintenance and effective use of the buildings vacated by a closing school has
also been raised as an issue affecting the morale of the teachers from that
school.
This study has implications for future school closures or amalgamations from
the points of view of maintaining of the morale of teachers, and also that of
students
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Jones, Philip. "Engaging science pedagogies: What Year 10 students in a Western Australian independent school have to say about science learning." Thesis, Jones, Philip (2015) Engaging science pedagogies: What Year 10 students in a Western Australian independent school have to say about science learning. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/27923/.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging from a personal and professional interest in student engagement with learning in secondary school science classrooms, this dissertation investigates the question: How do year 10 students understand, experience and respond to science teaching in secondary school?
Through the voices of some year 10 secondary school science students in an Independent Christian Secondary school in Western Australia, supported by some aspects of my professional experience, this thesis identifies, describes and explains the kinds of classroom conditions conducive for enhancing student engagement in science learning. A case study approach was adopted to investigate student perceptions of engaging pedagogies in year 10 science classes. Seeking a diverse range of strengths, abilities and attributes, all year 10 students, 60 in all, were invited to take part in the research program. The participating students consisted of a mixed gender group of 18 year 10 students, all with some interest in science learning. The students were interviewed in pairs and in focus groups, about the kinds of pedagogical, organisational and cultural conditions that enhanced their engagement in science learning. A time frame matrix was adopted to guide open ended questions and discussions. Drawing on year 10 student past, present and future perceptions of when they were learning science, this thesis identifies as essential ingredients a knowledgeable, passionate and committed teacher, hands on learning, relevance and ownership of learning, and relational learning, that connects with, and is relevant to student engagement in science learning.
Methodologically, the thesis acknowledges the value and importance of student voice in research relative to student engagement in science learning. Above all, the thesis reinforces the significance of building a relational learning environment that gives access to meaningful and relevant learning activities in science classrooms based on a culture of trust, respect and care.
25
Gooch, Margaret Jennifer, and n/a. "Voices of the Volunteers: An Exploration of the Influences That Volunteer Experiences Have on the Resilience and Sustainability of Catchment Groups in Coastal Queensland." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040804.150007.
Full textAbstract:
Research was undertaken for this thesis to uncover characteristics of resilient volunteers and stewardship groups, both of which are a major element of the social mobilisation strategy used in Australia to manage natural resources. The ability of volunteers and groups to overcome problems, deal with new issues as they arise, and keep going under pressure is termed 'resilience'. A 'resilience management' approach to natural resource management uses the idea of 'adaptive change' or panarchy to understand the development of resilience and thus, sustainability in human communities. According to this theory, sustainable communities are both changeable and stable, adapting to new situations as they arise. The research approach used in the study is called 'phenomenography'. It is an interpretive approach, based on the central assumption that there is variation in the ways in which people experience the same phenomenon. Phenomenography was used to see if lessons about resilience and sustainability could be learnt from catchment volunteers. All participants were 'catchment volunteers' working along the east coast of Queensland. They were drawn from a variety of organisations and programs including Landcare; Coastcare; Bushcare; Greening Australia; Waterwatch; treeplanting groups; and Integrated Catchment Management Committees. A total of 26 personal and group interviews involving 85 participants were conducted. Interviews comprised a series of semi-structured questions that were tape-recorded, then transcribed verbatim. Through a process of comparing and contrasting themes in the transcriptions, six conceptions emerged. These were: catchment volunteering was experienced as seeking and maintaining balance; developing/maintaining an identity; empowerment; learning; networking; and sustainable. Analysis of these themes was used to develop a model of catchment volunteer experiences depicting relationships between conceptions (termed the 'Outcome Space' in phenomenography). In this study the Outcome Space emerged as a set of scales, signifying the importance of keeping a balanced perspective on volunteering - a balance between things such as personal goals and organisational goals; between dedication to an unpaid vocation and family life; and between social benefits and environmental benefits. From the Outcome Space, several conceptual and practical outcomes were developed. These included: a typology of participation based on volunteer experiences; a table describing forms of empowerment in catchment volunteering; a table listing drivers for catchment volunteers; an illustration of Holling and Gunderson's adaptive cycle as it applies to stewardship groups; a table of factors that enhance the resilience and sustainability of stewardship groups; a model of the relationship between external pressures and resilient, sustainable stewardship groups; and guidelines for developing resilient sustainable stewardship groups. These outcomes contribute to an understanding of individual, group and community level responses to environmental issues; and how resilience can be developed in volunteers and stewardship groups and programs.
26
au, mlilith@iprimus com, and Maggie Peck-Yoke Lilith. "Do pet cats (Felis catus) have an impact on species richness and abundance of native mammals in low-density Western Australian suburbia?" Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070316.204121.
Full textAbstract:
Cat ownership in Australia is declining compared to an increasing trend of cat ownership in the United Kingdom, United States and Europe. The decline in Australia may be linked to concerns over perceived impacts of cat predation and an associated dislike of cats. However, while there are numerous studies on feral cats and their impacts on declining native fauna, the impact of pet cats on suburban wildlife or fauna in remnant bushland is relatively unknown although there is a wide perception of risk. The primary aim of this thesis was to apply the precautionary principle to the question of the putative impact of pet cats on the abundance and diversity of small mammals in urban bushland adjacent to low-density suburbia in the City of Armadale, a municipality on the south-east fringe of Perth, Western Australia. At the time of writing, Western Australia is yet to introduce state legislation governing cat control although many local councils within the state have either implemented or are in the process of implementing cat regulations.
The precautionary principle was deemed an ideal approach to this question, because it provides a rationale for deciding on possible actions where both the potential risk to environmental values and the uncertainty about possible impacts are high. In such cases the precautionary principle requires two broad lines of action: firstly, detailed consultation with stakeholders to determine their perceptions of risk and the actions they are prepared to take to reduce it and, secondly, research to reduce uncertainty.
With regard to stakeholder consultation, local residents were surveyed in regard to their attitudes and current cat husbandry practices. A substantial proportion of respondents within this municipality believed cat regulations were necessary (75% of owners and 95% of non-owners). At least 70% of both owners and non-owners agreed with the propositions that cats not owned by licensed breeders should be desexed, local councils should restrict the maximum number of cats that can be owned on one property and that pet cats entering nature reserves are harmful to wildlife. Most (c.85%) cat owners agreed that they would license their cats if that became compulsory. Although fewer owners (c.60%) were prepared to keep their cats on their property at all times to protect wildlife, over 80% were willing to confine their cats at night if it was required. Owners seemed to be substantially motivated by the value of these measures in reducing injury to cats and facilitating the return of lost animals rather than concern over wildlife protection.
Attempts to reduce uncertainty involved (i) assessing roaming patterns of pet cats to determine the sizes of appropriate buffer zones around nature reserves, and (ii) determining species diversity, species richness and abundance of small mammals in remnant bushland adjacent to sub-divisions with varying regulations governing cat husbandry. Radio tracking results to assess cat roaming patterns showed substantial variation in home range size between cats in high density suburbia (ranged between 0.01 ha 0.64 ha) and those in low density suburbia (ranged from 0.07 ha 2.86ha). Larger home range sizes of cats in the rural areas (up to 2.9 ha) suggest buffer zones of up to 500 metres around nature reserves are needed to exclude almost all roaming cats. The abundance and species richness of small mammals were investigated in four areas of remnant bushland. Two were adjacent to subdivisions where cat ownership was unrestricted, one next to a subdivision where cat ownership was prohibited and the remaining one next to a subdivision where compulsory night curfew and bells on pet cats were enforced. No definitive evidence of predatory impact by pet cats on the small mammals was found. Mammal species diversity was not significantly different between sites and species richness and absolute abundance were not higher in sites where cats were restricted. Vegetation comparisons showed significant differences in the structure and species composition of the vegetation between most sites and the mammal species richness and abundance appeared linked to ground cover density in the various sites. This factor, not cat restrictions, appeared to be the primary determinant of species richness, species diversity and absolute numbers of small mammals in these sites.
This study in the City of Armadale has shown that the implementation of proposed cat legislation must have a whole of ecosystem approach, i.e. protecting identified remnant bushland containing biodiversity from threatening processes such as plant disease and inappropriate fire, especially arson, as well as possible predations from pet cats. Habitat restoration and protection may be more important conservation activities than regulation of cats. Regulation of cats can be done at differing levels of intensity and cost, bearing in mind that this community is receptive to regulation of some aspects of cat ownership. Community education on the values of cat confinement in regards to cat welfare might increase chances of compliance.
27
James, Kandy Ann. ""I just gotta have my own space!": The role of space and audience in recreational choices made by adolescent girls in Western Australia." Thesis, James, Kandy Ann (2000) "I just gotta have my own space!": The role of space and audience in recreational choices made by adolescent girls in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50631/.
Full textAbstract:
Adolescent girls are not as fit as adolescent boys. Although many adolescent girls pursue physically active lifestyles, others choose more passive options. This dissertation explores how perceptions towards recreational spaces may contribute to these differences. In the spirit of feminist research, girls and their perceptions were the focus of the study.
After a brief exploratory stage, 276 15-year old schoolgirls were surveyed regarding their attitudes towards a range of potential recreational spaces in the school, community and their homes. A year later, a subset of these girls was interviewed about three specific spaces: public swimming pools, basketball courts and bedrooms. Four focus groups were followed by individual interviews with 16 of the girls. Emergent factors that affected girls’ recreational choices in each of the spaces were drawn out and analysed. Conceptual frameworks that shed light on the relationships between these factors are provided.
My thesis is that participation in recreational activity is not spontaneous for many adolescent girls. Prior to participation, a girl appears to assess how a potential audience in a particular space at any one time might react to her physical appearance, athletic competence or behaviour. She weighs this up against other factors such as the potential of the activity to satisfy her desire for fun, inclusion, relaxation, exercise or sense of control. This may inhibit her active participation in some public spaces and make the generally passive site of the bedroom an attractive option.
The study contributes to an understanding of the factors that affect an adolescent girl’s recreational participation. This understanding should be of use to recreation programmers, facility providers, educational authorities and parents in their efforts to increase girls’ levels of participation in healthful physical activity.
28
Evans, Rebecca. "When teachers are victims : A study of support in Western Australian government schools for teachers who have been assaulted by students." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1382.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of this study were to determine the personal effects of student assault upon a teacher and what assaulted teachers feel that they need in the way of support. In particular, I wanted the study to focus on the personal aspects of the cases as I was convinced that assaulted teachers experience similar anxieties, fears and barriers to support and similar difficulties in having those feelings recognised. Many clinical studies of assault victim support have been conducted, however, seemingly none of them are specifically related to assault by a student upon a teacher. This specific type of assault involves distinctive factors which effect the victim, such as the assailant being a minor and the victim an adult and the student being an inescapable part of the teacher's vocation. Given these aims, narrative form was considered the most appropriate methodology for the study. Narrative form uses emotive, context-specific language to build meaning, a plot based upon some form of conflict and the use of multiple voices. Thus the participants of the study became characters within the framework of an academic study. The idea that from the telling or reading of a story a type of truth can be developed is gradually becoming more accepted within the social sciences. This 'truth' is created by the reader actively constructing knowledge from constant reflection on the experiences of the characters and then modifying these experiences within the story by using cultural knowledge as a basis for comparison (Gray, 1996, p3). In this study three individual stories were collected during extensive interviews and were blended by the narrator (researcher) into a story of teacher assault that highlights the effects of workplace violence on the victims and their support needs. The story format allowed the portrayal of the assaulted teacher's perception and a brief insight into the frustrations experienced by members of the assaulted teacher's family. The study also developed a program of the types of support that should be provided for teachers when they have been assaulted by a student. The study revealed that the assaulted teachers experienced many similar anxieties, fears and barriers to support. The need for a specific support program for assaulted teachers was verified, as was the fact that support is currently nut being provided. Using information from the interviewed participants, a program of necessary support was formulated. A plan for schools to follow in order to establish effective support programs was also established.
29
Lilith, Maggie. "Do pet cats (Felis catus) have an impact on species richness and abundance of native mammals in low-density Western Australian suburbia?" Thesis, Lilith, Maggie (2007) Do pet cats (Felis catus) have an impact on species richness and abundance of native mammals in low-density Western Australian suburbia? PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/158/.
Full textAbstract:
Cat ownership in Australia is declining compared to an increasing trend of cat ownership in the United Kingdom, United States and Europe. The decline in Australia may be linked to concerns over perceived impacts of cat predation and an associated dislike of cats. However, while there are numerous studies on feral cats and their impacts on declining native fauna, the impact of pet cats on suburban wildlife or fauna in remnant bushland is relatively unknown although there is a wide perception of risk. The primary aim of this thesis was to apply the precautionary principle to the question of the putative impact of pet cats on the abundance and diversity of small mammals in urban bushland adjacent to low-density suburbia in the City of Armadale, a municipality on the south-east fringe of Perth, Western Australia. At the time of writing, Western Australia is yet to introduce state legislation governing cat control although many local councils within the state have either implemented or are in the process of implementing cat regulations.
The precautionary principle was deemed an ideal approach to this question, because it provides a rationale for deciding on possible actions where both the potential risk to environmental values and the uncertainty about possible impacts are high. In such cases the precautionary principle requires two broad lines of action: firstly, detailed consultation with stakeholders to determine their perceptions of risk and the actions they are prepared to take to reduce it and, secondly, research to reduce uncertainty.
With regard to stakeholder consultation, local residents were surveyed in regard to their attitudes and current cat husbandry practices. A substantial proportion of respondents within this municipality believed cat regulations were necessary (75% of owners and 95% of non-owners). At least 70% of both owners and non-owners agreed with the propositions that cats not owned by licensed breeders should be desexed, local councils should restrict the maximum number of cats that can be owned on one property and that pet cats entering nature reserves are harmful to wildlife. Most (c.85%) cat owners agreed that they would license their cats if that became compulsory. Although fewer owners (c.60%) were prepared to keep their cats on their property at all times to protect wildlife, over 80% were willing to confine their cats at night if it was required. Owners seemed to be substantially motivated by the value of these measures in reducing injury to cats and facilitating the return of lost animals rather than concern over wildlife protection.
Attempts to reduce uncertainty involved (i) assessing roaming patterns of pet cats to determine the sizes of appropriate buffer zones around nature reserves, and (ii) determining species diversity, species richness and abundance of small mammals in remnant bushland adjacent to sub-divisions with varying regulations governing cat husbandry. Radio tracking results to assess cat roaming patterns showed substantial variation in home range size between cats in high density suburbia (ranged between 0.01 ha - 0.64 ha) and those in low density suburbia (ranged from 0.07 ha - 2.86ha). Larger home range sizes of cats in the rural areas (up to 2.9 ha) suggest buffer zones of up to 500 metres around nature reserves are needed to exclude almost all roaming cats. The abundance and species richness of small mammals were investigated in four areas of remnant bushland. Two were adjacent to subdivisions where cat ownership was unrestricted, one next to a subdivision where cat ownership was prohibited and the remaining one next to a subdivision where compulsory night curfew and bells on pet cats were enforced. No definitive evidence of predatory impact by pet cats on the small mammals was found. Mammal species diversity was not significantly different between sites and species richness and absolute abundance were not higher in sites where cats were restricted. Vegetation comparisons showed significant differences in the structure and species composition of the vegetation between most sites and the mammal species richness and abundance appeared linked to ground cover density in the various sites. This factor, not cat restrictions, appeared to be the primary determinant of species richness, species diversity and absolute numbers of small mammals in these sites.
This study in the City of Armadale has shown that the implementation of proposed cat legislation must have a 'whole of ecosystem' approach, i.e. protecting identified remnant bushland containing biodiversity from threatening processes such as plant disease and inappropriate fire, especially arson, as well as possible predations from pet cats. Habitat restoration and protection may be more important conservation activities than regulation of cats. Regulation of cats can be done at differing levels of intensity and cost, bearing in mind that this community is receptive to regulation of some aspects of cat ownership. Community education on the values of cat confinement in regards to cat welfare might increase chances of compliance.
30
Lilith, Maggie. "Do pet cats (Felis catus) have an impact on species richness and abundance of native mammals in low-density Western Australian suburbia?" Lilith, Maggie (2007) Do pet cats (Felis catus) have an impact on species richness and abundance of native mammals in low-density Western Australian suburbia? PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/158/.
Full textAbstract:
Cat ownership in Australia is declining compared to an increasing trend of cat ownership in the United Kingdom, United States and Europe. The decline in Australia may be linked to concerns over perceived impacts of cat predation and an associated dislike of cats. However, while there are numerous studies on feral cats and their impacts on declining native fauna, the impact of pet cats on suburban wildlife or fauna in remnant bushland is relatively unknown although there is a wide perception of risk. The primary aim of this thesis was to apply the precautionary principle to the question of the putative impact of pet cats on the abundance and diversity of small mammals in urban bushland adjacent to low-density suburbia in the City of Armadale, a municipality on the south-east fringe of Perth, Western Australia. At the time of writing, Western Australia is yet to introduce state legislation governing cat control although many local councils within the state have either implemented or are in the process of implementing cat regulations.
The precautionary principle was deemed an ideal approach to this question, because it provides a rationale for deciding on possible actions where both the potential risk to environmental values and the uncertainty about possible impacts are high. In such cases the precautionary principle requires two broad lines of action: firstly, detailed consultation with stakeholders to determine their perceptions of risk and the actions they are prepared to take to reduce it and, secondly, research to reduce uncertainty.
With regard to stakeholder consultation, local residents were surveyed in regard to their attitudes and current cat husbandry practices. A substantial proportion of respondents within this municipality believed cat regulations were necessary (75% of owners and 95% of non-owners). At least 70% of both owners and non-owners agreed with the propositions that cats not owned by licensed breeders should be desexed, local councils should restrict the maximum number of cats that can be owned on one property and that pet cats entering nature reserves are harmful to wildlife. Most (c.85%) cat owners agreed that they would license their cats if that became compulsory. Although fewer owners (c.60%) were prepared to keep their cats on their property at all times to protect wildlife, over 80% were willing to confine their cats at night if it was required. Owners seemed to be substantially motivated by the value of these measures in reducing injury to cats and facilitating the return of lost animals rather than concern over wildlife protection.
Attempts to reduce uncertainty involved (i) assessing roaming patterns of pet cats to determine the sizes of appropriate buffer zones around nature reserves, and (ii) determining species diversity, species richness and abundance of small mammals in remnant bushland adjacent to sub-divisions with varying regulations governing cat husbandry. Radio tracking results to assess cat roaming patterns showed substantial variation in home range size between cats in high density suburbia (ranged between 0.01 ha - 0.64 ha) and those in low density suburbia (ranged from 0.07 ha - 2.86ha). Larger home range sizes of cats in the rural areas (up to 2.9 ha) suggest buffer zones of up to 500 metres around nature reserves are needed to exclude almost all roaming cats. The abundance and species richness of small mammals were investigated in four areas of remnant bushland. Two were adjacent to subdivisions where cat ownership was unrestricted, one next to a subdivision where cat ownership was prohibited and the remaining one next to a subdivision where compulsory night curfew and bells on pet cats were enforced. No definitive evidence of predatory impact by pet cats on the small mammals was found. Mammal species diversity was not significantly different between sites and species richness and absolute abundance were not higher in sites where cats were restricted. Vegetation comparisons showed significant differences in the structure and species composition of the vegetation between most sites and the mammal species richness and abundance appeared linked to ground cover density in the various sites. This factor, not cat restrictions, appeared to be the primary determinant of species richness, species diversity and absolute numbers of small mammals in these sites.
This study in the City of Armadale has shown that the implementation of proposed cat legislation must have a 'whole of ecosystem' approach, i.e. protecting identified remnant bushland containing biodiversity from threatening processes such as plant disease and inappropriate fire, especially arson, as well as possible predations from pet cats. Habitat restoration and protection may be more important conservation activities than regulation of cats. Regulation of cats can be done at differing levels of intensity and cost, bearing in mind that this community is receptive to regulation of some aspects of cat ownership. Community education on the values of cat confinement in regards to cat welfare might increase chances of compliance.
31
Davey, Philip. "Crawford Creations: What would we have done without Crawfords? An exploration of Crawford Productions' contribution to the development of an 'Australian Consciousness'." Thesis, Davey, Philip (2014) Crawford Creations: What would we have done without Crawfords? An exploration of Crawford Productions' contribution to the development of an 'Australian Consciousness'. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/24628/.
Full textAbstract:
Between 1946 and 1987, Crawford Productions was a major independent Melbourne producer of radio and television drama, and innovative musical and educational programs. Led by orchestra conductor Hector Crawford, his sister Dorothy Crawford and her son Ian Crawford, Crawford Productions, or simply Crawfords, was influential in developing an ‘Australian consciousness and identity’ through its many successful programs. This dissertation explores several elements of Hector Crawford’s quest to create an ‘Australian consciousness’, including the opportunities he provided for many singers and artists through live musical radio programs. I argue that Dorothy Crawford’s production skills were pivotal throughout this process as well as during the formative years of television. Hector lobbied against the dominance of American television programs and in support of Australian dramatic television content which, I argue, added greatly to a public awareness that television was not portraying Australia’s national traditions and culture. I contend that this awareness helps explain why Crawfords’ television drama series such as Homicide (1964) and Division 4 (1969) were so readily accepted by national audiences. Through employee oral history accounts I demonstrate how Crawfords engendered a collegiate training environment with a ‘get the job done whatever the cost’ attitude. The ensuing employment, training and career opportunities benefited the entire television and film industry and contributed to an evolving ‘Australian consciousness’. This dissertation also examines the rationale behind Melbourne’s third commercial television licence being granted to Ansett Transport Industries and why Crawfords’ bid failed. In response to the existing literature, I argue that the Federal Government was not biased towards Ansett as a ‘business friend’. While Hector Crawford has often been described as the ‘Father of Australian Television’, I argue that his entrepreneurial and business skills alone may have been ineffectual without the contributions of family members and senior staff. I contend that ‘The Family of Australian Television’ is a more accurate epitaph.
32
Partridge, Helen L. "Establishing the human perspective of the information society." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16572/1/Helen_Partridge_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The digital divide is a core issue of the information society. It refers to the division
between those who have access to, or are comfortable using, information and
communication technology (ICT) (the "haves") and those who do not have access
to, or are not comfortable using ICT (the "have-nots"). The digital divide is a complex
phenomenon. The majority of studies to date have examined the digital divide from
a socio-economic perspective. These studies have identified income, education and
employment as the key factors in determining the division between the "haves" and
the "have-nots". Very little research has explore the psychological, social or cultural
factors that contribute to digital inequality in community. The current study filled this
gap by using Bandura's social cognitive theory (SCT) to examine the psychological
barriers that prevent individuals from integrating ICT into their everyday lives.
SCT postulates that a person will act according to their perceived capabilities and
the anticipated consequences of their actions. Four studies have explored the digital
divide using SCT. Because of limitations in the research design these studies have
shed only limited light onto current understanding of digital inequality in community.
The current research was the first study exploring the digital divide that (i)
incorporated both socio-economic and socio-cognitive factors, (ii) used a community
context that ensured the recruitment of participants who represented the full
spectrum of the general population, and (iii) was conducted in both the US and
Australia. Data was gathered via self administered questionnaires in two
communities: Brisbane, Australia and San Jose, USA. Completed questionnaires
were obtained from 330 and 398 participants from the US and Australia,
respectively.
Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore the research question: what
influence do socio-cognitive factors have in predicting internet use by members of
the general population when the effects of socio-economic factors are controlled?
The results of this analysis revealed that attitudes do matter. The US study found
that socio-economic factors were not statistically significant predictors of internet
use. The only factor that found to be a significant predictor of use was internet self
efficacy. In short individuals with higher levels of internet self efficacy reported
higher levels of internet use. Unlike the US study, the Australian study found that by
themselves several socio-economic factors predicted internet use. In order of
importance these were age, gender, income and ethnicity. However, the study also revealed that when socio-economic factors are controlled for, and socio-cognitive
variables included into the analysis, it is the socio-cognitive and not the socioeconomic
variables that are the dominant (in fact the only!) predictors of internet
use.
The research illustrated that the digital divide involves more than just the availability
of resources and funds to access those resources. It incorporates the internal forces
of an individual that motivates to them to use or integrate ICT into their lives. The
digital divide is not just about ICT such as computers and the internet. It is about
people. As such, the key to solving the issue of digital inequality is not going to be
found with corporate or government funds providing physical access to technology.
Instead, the key to solving digital inequality is inside the individual person. The
alternative view of the digital divide presented in this research is by no means
intended to minimise the role played by socio-economic factors. Indeed, the socioeconomic
perspective has helped shed light on a very real social issue. What this
research has done is suggest that the digital divide is more complex and more
involved than has been imagined, and that further and different research is required
if genuine insights and real steps are going to be made in establishing an
information society for all.
33
Partridge, Helen L. "Establishing the human perspective of the information society." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16572/.
Full textAbstract:
The digital divide is a core issue of the information society. It refers to the division
between those who have access to, or are comfortable using, information and
communication technology (ICT) (the "haves") and those who do not have access
to, or are not comfortable using ICT (the "have-nots"). The digital divide is a complex
phenomenon. The majority of studies to date have examined the digital divide from
a socio-economic perspective. These studies have identified income, education and
employment as the key factors in determining the division between the "haves" and
the "have-nots". Very little research has explore the psychological, social or cultural
factors that contribute to digital inequality in community. The current study filled this
gap by using Bandura's social cognitive theory (SCT) to examine the psychological
barriers that prevent individuals from integrating ICT into their everyday lives.
SCT postulates that a person will act according to their perceived capabilities and
the anticipated consequences of their actions. Four studies have explored the digital
divide using SCT. Because of limitations in the research design these studies have
shed only limited light onto current understanding of digital inequality in community.
The current research was the first study exploring the digital divide that (i)
incorporated both socio-economic and socio-cognitive factors, (ii) used a community
context that ensured the recruitment of participants who represented the full
spectrum of the general population, and (iii) was conducted in both the US and
Australia. Data was gathered via self administered questionnaires in two
communities: Brisbane, Australia and San Jose, USA. Completed questionnaires
were obtained from 330 and 398 participants from the US and Australia,
respectively.
Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore the research question: what
influence do socio-cognitive factors have in predicting internet use by members of
the general population when the effects of socio-economic factors are controlled?
The results of this analysis revealed that attitudes do matter. The US study found
that socio-economic factors were not statistically significant predictors of internet
use. The only factor that found to be a significant predictor of use was internet self
efficacy. In short individuals with higher levels of internet self efficacy reported
higher levels of internet use. Unlike the US study, the Australian study found that by
themselves several socio-economic factors predicted internet use. In order of
importance these were age, gender, income and ethnicity. However, the study also revealed that when socio-economic factors are controlled for, and socio-cognitive
variables included into the analysis, it is the socio-cognitive and not the socioeconomic
variables that are the dominant (in fact the only!) predictors of internet
use.
The research illustrated that the digital divide involves more than just the availability
of resources and funds to access those resources. It incorporates the internal forces
of an individual that motivates to them to use or integrate ICT into their lives. The
digital divide is not just about ICT such as computers and the internet. It is about
people. As such, the key to solving the issue of digital inequality is not going to be
found with corporate or government funds providing physical access to technology.
Instead, the key to solving digital inequality is inside the individual person. The
alternative view of the digital divide presented in this research is by no means
intended to minimise the role played by socio-economic factors. Indeed, the socioeconomic
perspective has helped shed light on a very real social issue. What this
research has done is suggest that the digital divide is more complex and more
involved than has been imagined, and that further and different research is required
if genuine insights and real steps are going to be made in establishing an
information society for all.
34
Milfull, Mostyn Timothy. "Writing about risky relatives and what might have been : the craft of historiographic metafiction." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/51203/1/Tim_Milfull_Vol.1_Exegesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This practice-based research project consists of a 33,000-word novella, "Folly", and a 50,000-word exegesis that examines the principles of historiographic metafiction (HMF), the recontextualisation of historical figures and scenarios, and other narratological concepts that inform my creative practice. As an emerging sub-genre of historical fiction, HMF is one aspect of a national and international discourse about historical fiction in the fields of literature, history, and politics. Leading theorists discussed below include Linda Hutcheon and Ansgar Nünning, along with the recent critically-acclaimed work of contemporary Australian writers, Richard Flanagan, Kate Grenville, and Louis Nowra. "Folly" traces a number of periods in the lives of fictional versions of the researcher and his eighteenthcentury Irish relative, and experiments with concepts of historiographic metafiction, the recontextualisation of historical figures and scenarios, and the act of narratorial manipulation, specifically focalisation, voice, and point of view. The key findings of this research include: identifying the principles and ideas that support writing work of historiographic metafiction; a determination as to the value of recontextualisation of historical figures and scenarios, and narratorial manipulation, in the writing of historiographic metafiction; an account of the challenges facing an emerging writer of historiographic metafiction, and their resulting solutions (where these could be established); and, finally, some possible directions for future research.
35
Dell, Geoff University of Ballarat. "The causes and prevention of airline baggage handler back injuries : safe designs required where behaviour and administrative solutions have had limited effect." University of Ballarat, 2007. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12823.
Full textAbstract:
"Back injuries have consistently been the most common types of injuries suffered by people at work. They have been a significant worker injury problem in most, if not all, industrialised countries for many years and manual handling has long been established as a significant task related back injury causal factor.[...] This research project established that the manufacturers of the jet airlines used by the airlines in this study had not previously been acquainted with the issue of baggage handler back injuries.[...] This study also canvassed the opinion of airline safety professionals and airline baggage handlers concerning baggage handling tasks and working environment related causal factors. [...] A major focus of this research project was also to measure the effect of ACE and Sliding Carpet, two commercially available retro-fit baggage systems, on the risk of back injuries to baggage handlers stacking baggage within Boeing B737 narrow-body aircraft."Doctor of Philosophy
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Dell, Geoff. "The causes and prevention of airline baggage handler back injuries : safe designs required where behaviour and administrative solutions have had limited effect." University of Ballarat, 2007. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14622.
Full textAbstract:
"Back injuries have consistently been the most common types of injuries suffered by people at work. They have been a significant worker injury problem in most, if not all, industrialised countries for many years and manual handling has long been established as a significant task related back injury causal factor.[...] This research project established that the manufacturers of the jet airlines used by the airlines in this study had not previously been acquainted with the issue of baggage handler back injuries.[...] This study also canvassed the opinion of airline safety professionals and airline baggage handlers concerning baggage handling tasks and working environment related causal factors. [...] A major focus of this research project was also to measure the effect of ACE and Sliding Carpet, two commercially available retro-fit baggage systems, on the risk of back injuries to baggage handlers stacking baggage within Boeing B737 narrow-body aircraft."Doctor of Philosophy
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Asquith, Nicole. "in terrorem: "with their tanks and their bombs, and their bombs and their guns, in your head"." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3899.
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noWhile terrorism has become a major topic of discussion and analysis in the academy and in the policy making of Australian institutions, it rarely affects the everyday life of Australian citizens. Yet for some groups, in terrorem is a way of life¿particularly for those whose lives are performed under social and political spotlights. At the core of the limitations imposed on certain groups in Australia is the use of language to police the behaviours of these groups, and to create a social environment that makes the hiding one¿s identity the most effective mechanism to avoid terror. In this paper, I analyse the linguistic themes and forms used in hate violence as way to illustrate the impact of in terrorem on gay men, lesbians and Jews, and suggest alternative means by which to regulate the harm caused by vilification.
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Bolyos, Elizabeth. "An investigation of experiences and depression rates in women who have difficulties in establishing a satisfactory breastfeeding process with their baby : an exploratory study." Thesis, 2010. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/18966/.
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This study investigated the experiences and post-natal depression rates in women experiencing problems in establishing and maintaining a successful breastfeeding process with their babies. There were two phases in the project. Phase 1 gathered categorical data about this client group, their partner and baby, the breastfeeding problems experienced and screened the women for post-natal depression. Phase 2 involved semi-structured, in-depth interviews with ten of the women involved in Phase 1. The interviews explored women’s physical and emotional experiences of the breastfeeding problem(s); how this/these impacted on their relationship with their baby and partner; sought to elicit and evaluate the professional assistance they have received to remedy the problem(s); examined the amount and quality of family and social support received by the women; and invited participants to provide suggestions as to how other women in the same situation could be assisted. The results obtained found that this sample group had a higher level of PND than found by most previous researchers; that breastfeeding problems had a considerable physical and emotional impact on the women; they supported previous findings that professional, family and social supports are very important to new mothers; and that professional assistance and support to these women could be improved. It is recommended that further investigation is warranted – with a larger and more representative sample - to explore whether breastfeeding problems contribute to the aetiology and exacerbation of post-natal depression.
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CHEN, BO-SYUN, and 陳柏勳. "I Have A Dream - Reflection and Career Decision-Making on the Working Holiday in Australia." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/km9n7t.
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碩士國立高雄餐旅大學
餐旅教育研究所
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Working holiday is one of the new types of traveling nowadays, and Australia is the country which most Taiwanese apply for. This study aimed to probe the participation motives, cross-cultural adaptation and career decision-making of the participants and provides conclusion and suggestions for people who are interested in working holiday in Australia as well as for academic reference . Pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research were provided. This study employed purposive sampling method, and Snowball sampling was later used. The participants were 18 in this study, which used in-depth interview, documentary research and semi-structured in-depth interview to conduct the research. The outline of interview can be divided into four concepts, which are “travelling motivations”, “working motivations”, “Cross-cultural adaptation” and “Career Decision-Making”.The findings showed that: 1. Most participants hold a Bachelor's degree at least. 2. Working holiday is motivated by more than one reason, which are mainly “to experience life”, “to relax oneself”, “to be independent”, “to learn English”, “to carry out dreams of travelling in Australia”, “to connect with the world”, “limitation in VISA is low”, “to be fascinated by the natural scenery”, and “to make money for future use”. 3. The period of cultural shock will be shortened during the cross-cultural adaptation because most ready-to-go people will do some research in advance and many Taiwanese working in Australia can be found there. 4. After the first working year, about two third participants will do the second round. 5. After working holiday finished, most people will do same kinds of job in the industry. 6. Most participants are satisfied with the working experience. Finally, based on the results, relative suggestions were provided for further research.
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Marchant, Sylvia. "The Historical Traditions of the Australian Senate: the Upper House we Had to Have." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/49337.
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This thesis examines the raison d’etre of the Australian Senate, the upper house of the Australian bicameral parliament, established in 1901. It explores the literature that might have influenced its establishment and structure, and the attitudes, ideals, experience and expectations of the men (and they were all men) who initiated its existence and designed its structure during the Federation Conventions of the 1890s. It goes on to study whether similar western and British influenced institutions were seen as models by the designers of the Senate, followed by an examination of its architecture, decor, and procedures, to determine the major influences at work on these aspects of the institution. The study was undertaken in view of the paucity of studies of the history and role of the Senate in relation to its powerful influence on the Government of Australia. Its structure can allow a minority of Senators to subvert or obstruct key measures passed by the lower house and is a serious issue for Governments in considering legislation. Answers are sought to the questions of how and why it was conceived and created and what role it was expected to play. The study does not extend beyond 1901 when the Senate was established except to examine the Provisional Parliament House, opened in 1927, which realised the vision of the Convention delegates who determined that the Senate was the house we had to have.
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Aiyar, Ria. "“It’s better to have support”: Understanding wellbeing and support needs of gender and sexuality diverse migrants in Australia." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/131014.
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This item is only available electronically.Australia is considered a diverse community, home to many migrants from across the globe. Within this migrant population, are a relatively overlooked and under-researched group – people who are gender or sexuality diverse. Research has shown that people with migrant backgrounds often have poorer wellbeing than the general population. The same is often true of people who are gender and sexuality diverse. However, there remains little information concerning the wellbeing needs and the barriers and facilitators to support for this group, particularly in the Australian context. The current study aimed to fill these gaps through understanding gender and sexuality diverse migrant perceptions of wellbeing, migration-related factors which affect wellbeing, and the barriers and facilitators to accessing support in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 gender and sexuality diverse migrants from Bangladesh, Brazil, Central Europe, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan and the Philippines. Results were analysed through thematic analysis and findings were discussed using Bronfenbrenner’s (1981) socioecological model (SEM). Themes highlighted how the various factors affecting wellbeing at different levels of the SEM, intertwine to impact overall wellbeing, how gender, sexuality and migration-related experiences shape wellbeing and the importance of social connections to wellbeing. Participants also discussed the barriers and facilitators to finding information for support, accessing inclusive services, accessing services eligible to them, and access to providers whose identities mirrored participants’ own identities. Findings from this study will assist with the improvement of current services and guide the implementation of new services which seek to directly support this group of people.
Thesis (B.PsychSc(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2020
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Zevallos, Zuleyka. ""You have to be Anglo and not look like me" identity constructions of second generation migrant-Australian women /." 2004. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/uploads/approved/adt-VSWT20050323.142704/public/02whole.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Swinburne University of Technology, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences."September 2004." Title taken from title screen (viewed October 8, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 273-289) and appendices.
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Cooper, Victoria Pamela. "I have witnessed a strange river: re-placing non-human entities within visual narratives of three Australian freshwater sites." Thesis, 2012. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/31799/1/31799_Cooper_2012_thesis.pdf.
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Through the medium of artists books, this study explores the re-contextualisation and repurposing of scientific images within visual narratives of freshwater places in Australia. Aquatic fungi are featured in these visual stories as a representative for the more-than human inhabitants of these aquatic environments, that lie mysteriously, like the Bunyip, beyond normal human perception. Appearing as apparitions, these natural recyclers metaphorically de-compose the detritus of the colonial freshwater narratives to assert the presence of the non-human. Many issues arose from the interdisciplinary work as objectivity of science collided with subjectivity of a physical and metaphysical experience of place. In this contested space, preconceptions of scientific knowledge and values were challenged and then reconciled. In this work I was informed by Gaston Bachelard's deliberations in Poetics of Space and the concept of 'science as cultural practice' outlined in the collected writings of Donna Haraway. Yet this was not a Consilience, as EO Wilson would prefer, but a montage layering of intervention and flow within site-specific, place narratives of fresh water.
The study concludes that the visual montage and the narrative offer inclusive and extended potential to deconstruct rigid structures and then recombine or hybridise these elements into an unexpected diversity of ideas. Intentionally, the reader is not offered yet another eco-political environmental narrative of water and rivers. These stories flow from one site to another, from colonial perceptions of progress and production to a natural recognition of absence and presence, and from scientific fact to mythical reality.
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Mooney, Rosemary. "Negotiating the reproduction imperative in late modernity: how do young women make decisions about if and when to have children?" Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/916024.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the reproduction imperative has taken centre stage in Australia in response to declining and delayed childbearing and the resulting below replacement fertility levels. The personal and political costs associated with these demographic trends, including unintended childlessness and the economic repercussions of a ‘greying’ population, have situated the discussion within a social framework that questions the degree of agency involved in reproductive decision-making. This thesis examines the extent to which young women (aged 18-32) are experiencing reproductive choice in Australia in late modernity. An interpretivist and broadly feminist approach investigates if and when women would like to have children and whether these desires are being achieved. The mixed method three-component research design was qualitatively driven and comprised: seven hundred and eighty existing qualitative written comments from the 1973-78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH); seven focus group discussions with a community sample; and fifty semi-structured telephone interviews with a sub-sample of the ALSWH. Quantitative survey data provided a detailed demographic profile for each sample. The findings draw predominantly on the experiences of educated, urban, partnered, childless women who were around the age of 30 years old, and emphasise the complexity of reproductive decision-making for this group. Issues of identity and timing frequently compromised the women’s desired childbearing plan. Motherhood was felt to be undervalued, at odds with a society that privileges individual success, and in conflict with aspirations for, and the practical accomplishment of, paid work and other life goals. These perceptions created significant uncertainty toward the role and a strong belief in the need to achieve certain criteria prior to having children. The women described attempting to align their ideal childbearing circumstances with their views about ideal childbearing age in a delicate balance between attaining “security”, “stability” and “readiness” on the one hand, and fears of age-related infertility and the need for youthful energy to mother on the other. The research highlights the normative use of reproductive technology in an effort to achieve this balancing act and manage biological “chance”, such as unplanned pregnancy and infertility. The trend toward delayed childbearing that resulted for many of these women is, therefore, usually a side-effect of their reproductive decision-making as opposed to a desired goal, with the technologies of contraception and assisted reproductive technology found to support as opposed to direct childbearing plans. In a culture of individualism and risk the women described an ambivalent relationship with the multitude of choices facing them. Many feared that motherhood could be continually delayed in an attempt to find the “right time”.
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Cowie, Barbara Jane. "A study through text and artifacts of the major factors that have influenced the development of studio glassmaking in South Australia from a glassmaker's perspective : history and practice of studio glass blowing in South Australia." 2004. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:36829.
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Although many texts discuss studio glass blowing in Australia, few focus on the South Australian situation and even fewer are written by studio glass blowers themselves. As a studio glass blower, I bring to this research experiential knowledge of practice to offer new insights into studio glass blowing. The study accesses knowledge that is implicit, embodied and tacit; knowledge derived from living and working within a particular community. In using this knowledge, I highlight the importance of both financial survival and the development of practice in creating a practitioner's perspective of studio glass blowing in South Australia. The study is designed as an ethnography. This incorporated a review of the literature and images found in published texts; interview and questionnaire data; anecdotal narratives and familiarity with the South Australian glass blowing community; and tacit knowledge of glass blowing practice, glass blowing skills and techniques. This tacit knowledge was accessed through an auto-ethnographic investigation of re-making the selected artefacts. The selection of these artefacts was based on my personal knowledge of glass blowing processes, first hand relationships with individual glassblowers, observation of artefacts and prior experience of working as a studio glass blower.
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Carr, Ruth. "Why do you do what you do? : What influences students when they are choosing a career in science and do science awareness activities have any affects." Master's thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147109.
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Storr, Ryan. "‘Now that they’re here, we just have to deal with it’: exploring how volunteers enact intellectual disability within community sports clubs in Melbourne, Australia." Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/36953/.
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This thesis explores how volunteers within community sports clubs engage with diversity work, in the form of intellectual disability. Volunteers are the central spine to many sports clubs in western societies and the delivery of sporting provision is placed upon them. They are further faced with growing ambitions in delivering an array of social outcomes such as social and cultural diversity. The capacity of voluntary sports clubs to deliver such ambitious agendas is contested. This thesis argues that volunteers do not see their job as doing diversity work, specifically in the form of intellectual disability. This is because many community sports clubs value able-bodied performance and winning, and view their core business as fielding teams for competition.
This thesis presents findings from a ten-month ethnographic study to explore how volunteers in one community sports club in Melbourne, Australia, engaged with diversity work by fielding two cricket teams for athletes with an intellectual disability. I drew upon diversity management literature and Sara Ahmed’s (2006; 2006b; 2007a; 2007b; 2008; 2009; 2012; 2017) numerous studies on diversity work in institutional life as the basis for my conceptual framework.
The results showed that only a few select volunteers at the club engaged in diversity work by volunteering with two specialist teams for athletes with an intellectual disability. These teams were referred to as the ‘All Abilities’ teams. Further, volunteers committed to promoting diversity at the club met various forms of resistance within the club. The capacity to address diversity issues was influenced by the attitudes of key volunteers within the club and the availability of volunteers willing to engage in diversity work. Volunteers committed to implementing diversity policies and programs reported feeling unsupported, overburdened and, at times, burned out. The thesis concludes with practical recommendations and considerations for community sports volunteers in delivering diversity efforts around intellectual disability.
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Smee, Cameron. "“If we were all, like, learning at the same time, we might have, like, the same experience”: an investigation into the development of physical subjectivities in early primary education." Thesis, 2019. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40597/.
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There is growing consensus about the importance of physical activity and regular engagement is known to have a number of health and developmental benefits. Accordingly, research across a variety of fields has argued for the importance of laying the foundations for lifelong physical activity engagement in the early years. The school plays a central role in this effort by impacting children’s initial relationships with physical culture. Within the school, PE is often the primary vehicle for the promotion of physical activity. However, the problems with PE and its failure to connect with all children has been widely reported. Concurrently, there has been a significant physical activity dropout rate in adolescence for girls, and some boys. Scholarly attempts to address these concerns have focused mainly on late primary or high school settings, specifically curriculum and pedagogy. To date, very little research has focused on the early (Year One/Two) years of PE, when many children are developing their initial physical subjectivities. Rather than a period which all children enter as a ‘blank slate’, early PE is defined by the differing levels of experience that children bring to class. How these differing levels of embodied experiences are valued mean the children are constantly engaging in a range of stratified interactions. The outcomes of these interactions can have a profound impact on how students engage in physical activity, both in PE and on the playground. To examine how children are embodying and developing their physical subjectivities in these two spaces, a six- month ethnographic project was conducted at a primary school in Victoria. This allowed for the examination of the experiences of a Year 1/2 cohort through the implementation a variety of ethnographic and child-centred methods. Drawing on a theoretical approach, combining Bourdieu (1998) and Collins (2004), this thesis shows how the outcomes of PE activities, impacted the types of activities that children chose to engage in on the playground. Additionally, the findings show how the children play a key role in reproducing the dominant elements of the field (including the ‘naturalized’ gender order inherent in sport/PE) and the hierarchies that contextualized each activity. This research offers an in-depth focus into the complex social processes, in the playground and PE, which continue to usher children along seemingly pre-determined physical paths. This thesis concludes with a call for a critical approach to early PE that incorporates the different experiences of the children to create
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curricula, with a particular focus on teaching children to be reflective of the impact of their embodied experiences. This also incorporates changes to the playground as a continuation of the PE space.