Academic literature on the topic 'Haze Australia'

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Journal articles on the topic "Haze Australia"

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Eid, Benjamin, David Beggs, and Peter Mansell. "The Impact of Bushfire Smoke on Cattle—A Review." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030848.

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In 2019–2020, a particularly bad bushfire season in Australia resulted in cattle being exposed to prolonged periods of smoke haze and reduced air quality. Bushfire smoke contains many harmful pollutants, and impacts on regions far from the fire front, with smoke haze persisting for weeks. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major components of bushfire smoke known to have a negative impact on human health. However, little has been reported about the potential effects that bushfire smoke has on cattle exposed to smoke haze for extended periods. We explored the current literature to investigate evidence for likely effects on cattle from prolonged exposure to smoke generated from bushfires in Australia. We conducted a search for papers related to the impacts of smoke on cattle. Initial searching returned no relevant articles through either CAB Direct or PubMed databases, whilst Google Scholar provided a small number of results. The search was then expanded to look at two sub-questions: the type of pollution that is found in bushfire smoke, and the reported effects of both humans and cattle being exposed to these types of pollutants. The primary mechanism for damage due to bushfire smoke is due to small airborne particulate matter (PM). Although evidence demonstrates that PM from bushfire smoke has a measurable impact on both human mortality and cardiorespiratory morbidities, there is little evidence regarding the impact of chronic bushfire smoke exposure in cattle. We hypothesize that cattle are not severely affected by chronic exposure to smoke haze, as evidenced by the lack of reports. This may be because cattle do not tend to suffer from the co-morbidities that, in the human population, seem to be made worse by smoke and pollution. Further, small changes to background mortality rates or transient morbidity may also go unreported.
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Zulkarnain and Aos Yuli Firdaus. "Australia Foreign Policy Effect On Indonesia Post Independence of Timor Leste." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 4, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v4i2.667.

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As initially, Australia supported the integration of Timor Leste into the Republic of Indonesia, many events occurred which caused the relationship between Indonesia and Australia to be slightly disturbed. The changes that have taken place in Australia's relationship with Indonesia illustrate the real effects of Timor-Leste's independence. As a result of Australia's role in the East Timorese independence process, its relationship underwent many changes, especially in the political and military fields. The changes taking place in military relations are evident. First, the Agreement on Mutual Security (AMS) was released. Second, the joint training was cancelled, and the troops that used to work together became enemies. Eventually, Australian arms sales to Indonesia were stopped. Changes in the political and diplomatic sphere, including all political visits, were cancelled, and politicians within Australia and Indonesia publicly denounced others. Furthermore, cooperation within the global framework is limited, and the Ambassador's 'high alert' status is. Overall, Australia's relations with Indonesia became hostile. This study aims to determine how the influence of Australian foreign policy on Indonesia after the independence of Timor Leste. This research shows that the independence of Timor Leste and Australia's role in this process directly influenced government relations between Australia and Indonesia. Most Indonesians view the Australian government's actions and policies as separate from its relationship with Australian citizens. However, the relationship between people must still be considered when making policies about Indonesia because of widespread reactions to Australia's role in the East Timorese independence process.
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Firdaus, Aos Yuli. "The Effects of Australia's Foreign Policy on Indonesia Post-Independence Timor Leste." British Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and History 2, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/bjpsh.2022.2.1.4.

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As initially, Australia supported the integration of Timor Leste into the Republic of Indonesia, many events occurred which caused the relationship between Indonesia and Australia to be slightly disturbed. The changes that have taken place in Australia's relationship with Indonesia illustrate the real effects of Timor-Leste's independence. As a result of Australia's role in the East Timorese independence process, its relationship underwent many changes, especially in the political and military fields. The changes taking place in military relations are evident. The Agreement on Mutual Security (AMS) was released, the joint training was canceled, and the troops that used to work together became enemies. Eventually, Australian arms sales to Indonesia were stopped. Changes in the political and diplomatic sphere, including all political visits, were canceled, and politicians within Australia and Indonesia publicly denounced others. Furthermore, cooperation within the global framework is limited, and the Ambassador's 'high alert' status is. Overall, Australia's relations with Indonesia became hostile. This study aims to determine how the influence of Australian foreign policy on Indonesia after the independence of Timor Leste. This research shows that the independence of Timor Leste and Australia's role in this process directly influenced government relations between Australia and Indonesia. Most Indonesians view the Australian government's actions and policies as separate from its relationship with Australian citizens.
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Lee, I. K., J. C. Trinder, and A. Sowmya. "APPLICATION OF U-NET CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK TO BUSHFIRE MONITORING IN AUSTRALIA WITH SENTINEL-1/-2 DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-573-2020.

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Abstract. This paper aims to define a pipeline architecture for near real-time identification of bushfire impact areas using Geoscience Australia Data Cube (AGDC). A series of catastrophic bushfires from late 2019 to early 2020 have captured international attention with their scale of devastation across four of the most populous states across Australia; New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia. The extraction of burned areas using multispectral Sentinel-2 observations are straightforward when no cloud or haze obstruction are present. Without clear-sky observations, precisely locating the bushfire affected regions are difficult to achieve. Sentinel-1 C-band dual-polarized (VH/VV) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data is introduced to effectively elicit and analyse useful information based on backscattering coefficients, unaffected by adverse weather conditions and lack of sunlight. Burned vegetation results in significant volume scattering; co-/cross-polarised response decreases due to leafless trees, as well as coherence change over fire-disturbed areas; two sensors acquired images in a shortened revisit time over the same effected areas; all of which provided discriminative features for identifying burnt areas. Moreover, applying U-Net deep learning framework to train the recent and historical satellite data leads to an effective pre-trained segmentation model of burnt and non-burnt areas, enabling more timely emergency response, more efficient hazard reduction activities and evacuation planning during severe bushfire events. The advantages of this approach could have profound significance for a more robust, timely and accurate method of bushfire detection, utilising a scalable big data processing framework, to predict the bushfire footprint and fire spread model development.
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Wannan, BS, and JT Waterhouse. "A taxonomic revision of the Australian species of Limnophila R. Br. (Scrophulariaceae." Australian Journal of Botany 33, no. 4 (1985): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9850367.

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In Australia five species of Limnophila are here recognized: L. arornatica, L. chinensis, L. fragrans, L. gratioloides and L. australis. L. gratioloides is an Australian native which has previously been considered conspecific with L. indica. L. australis sp. nov, is an Australian endemic related to L. gratioloides and to the exotic species L. heterophylla and L. aquatica. It has been confused with L. gratioloides and fragmentary material of underwater parts alone may in fact be indeterminable; nonetheless the two species are quite distinct on character-states of seed morphology, types of trichomes on aerial parts, occurrence of submerged cleistogamous flowers, floral morphology and occurrence of aroma in aerial leaves. L. fragrans and L. arornatica have been confused on herbarium specimens in Australia; they are, however, distinct.
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Goot, Murray. "2014 Henry Mayer Lecture the Press We Had to Have? Henry Mayer and The Press in Australia: Argument, Reception, Impact." Media International Australia 153, no. 1 (November 2014): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415300103.

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Published 50 years ago, Henry Mayer's The Press in Australia – still the most comprehensive analysis of Australia's daily papers and their critics – remains a landmark in the study of the Australian press. This article lays out the book's main arguments, recalls the way it was received, and offers an assessment of its impact on teaching in the universities, on academic research and on the newspaper industry.
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Read, Stuart. "Bidwill of Wide Bay: A Botanist Cut Short." Queensland Review 19, no. 1 (June 2012): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2012.7.

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John Carne Bidwill was born in 1815 in England and died in Queensland in 1853. His short life is relevant to Australia's garden history, botany, the horticultural use of Australian plants in European gardens and the colonial history of Sydney, New Zealand, Wide Bay and Maryborough. He may have been the first to introduce plant breeding into Australia. In a short life, and working in his spare time, he contributed more than many full-time and longer-lived horticulturists. This included discovering new species, crossing new hybrids (specific and inter-generic), and propagating and promulgating plants for the nursery trade and gardeners. His efforts are marked by his name gracing many Australian and New Zealand plants, exotic plant hybrids and modern suburbs of Sydney and Maryborough. This brief biography outlines Bidwill's time in Australasia and Queensland.
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King, Rachael A., and Remko Leys. "The Australian freshwater amphipods Austrochiltonia australis and Austrochiltonia subtenuis (Amphipoda:Talitroidea:Chiltoniidae) confirmed and two new cryptic Tasmanian species revealed using a combined molecular and morphological approach." Invertebrate Systematics 25, no. 3 (2011): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is10035.

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Given the complex nature of freshwater catchment divides and emerging evidence of high levels of genetic diversity, there is great potential for cryptic species to exist among Australian freshwater amphipod groups. Among the chiltoniid amphipods, two congeneric species, Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce, 1901) and A. subtenuis (Sayce, 1902), have been widely recorded across southern Australia yet are poorly known and contentiously defined. A large fragment of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was examined and morphological diversity among populations assessed across the reported geographic range of the two putative species. The results confirmed A. australis and A. subtenuis as morphological and molecular species. In addition, two previously undetected and cryptic species from Tasmania are recognised – sister species to A. subtenuis and A. australis. Working conclusions provide evidence towards a more comprehensive systematic revision of the Chiltoniidae and present species information relevant to conservation and management efforts of Australian river systems. A key is presented to the chiltoniid amphipods of southern Australia.
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Sidabutar, Victor Tulus Pangapoi. "PEMANFAATAN SURAT KETERANGAN ASAL INDONESIA DALAM PENINGKATAN INVESTASI BERORIENTASI EKSPOR AUSTRALIA KE INDONESIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Bisnis dan Ekonomi Asia 14, no. 2 (August 8, 2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32812/jibeka.v14i2.152.

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Indonesia has signed a trade agreement with Australia and hoped that this agreement can benefit both parties in facing global free trade. Indonesia is not Australia's main trading partner currently and Indonesia's exports to Australia tend to decline in recent years. Indonesia can take advantage of Australia's export market which is experiencing an increase in the value of exports which has risen faster than import prices which has affected the growth of the Australian economy. Indonesia can utilize the export market, especially markets that have trade agreements with Indonesia in order to indirectly increase Indonesian exports by utilizing the issuance of Certificates of Origin from Indonesia as partners of producers of Australian export products. The abundance of natural resources and labor in Indonesia is expected to attract the interest of Australia to invest in Indonesia to build an industry that aims to produce goods for the needs of the country's export market demand and for Indonesia to increase the entry of foreign direct investment to Indonesia.
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Taylor, Brendan. "Is Australia's Indo-Pacific strategy an illusion?" International Affairs 96, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz228.

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Abstract Australia has been among the most prominent advocates of the increasingly popular Indo-Pacific concept. This article argues that Canberra's enthusiasm for the concept stems from its appeal to the two dominant traditions of Australian foreign policy—a ‘dependent ally’ tradition and a ‘middle power’ approach. While these two traditions are typically seen as being in tension, the Indo-Pacific concept provides a rare point of convergence between them. The article begins by outlining the appeal of the Indo-Pacific concept to each of these traditions. Using a case-study of recent Australian policy toward the South China Sea disputes, however, the article then demonstrates that Australia has in practice implemented its stated Indo-Pacific strategy far less consistently than its very vocal support would appear to suggest. This disjuncture is attributed to the growing influence of a third, generally understudied, ‘pragmatic’ Australian foreign policy tradition. Because Australia has been such a prominent champion of the Indo-Pacific concept, the article concludes that this divergence between the rhetoric and the reality of Australia's Indo-Pacific strategy threatens to have a negative impact on the concept's broader international appeal and sustainability, particularly among Australia's south-east Asian neighbours.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Haze Australia"

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Cardak, Buly Ahmet. "Does Australia have a long term current account problem? intertemporal substitution : theory and Australian evidence /." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecc2663.pdf.

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Jarrett, Stephanie Therese. ""We have left it in their hands" : a critical assessment of principles underlying legal and policy responses to aboriginal domestic violence ; a location study /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj373.pdf.

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Hardman, Blair. "Reintroduction ecology of mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and merrnine (Lagostrophus fasciatus) at Shark Bay, Western Australia." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0024.html.

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Asquith, Nicole. "Speech Act Theory, Maledictive Force and the Adjudication of Vilification in Australia." Network Books, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3897.

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Asquith, Nicole. "The Text and Context of Malediction: A Study of Antisemitic and Heterosexist Hate Violence." VDM Verlag, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3898.

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no
Research into the contours of hate crime has gone through several ebbs and flows over the last twenty years. At times, acts of horrific brutality have brought the issue of hate violence into the public imagination; sometimes leading to legislative changes, education programs and the funding of community organisations to manage the harms caused by this unique form of violence. The Stephen Lawrence murder in the UK in April 1993, and the Matthew Shepherd murder in the USA in October 1998 both led to major policing and legislative changes, including the introduction of penalty-enhancement measures, which were thought to more adequately ameliorate the additional harms generated from targeted violence, and to create the conditions for good citizenship in diverse societies. However, this legislative and policing transformation of hate crime regulation is not universal, even in Western democratic states. The Australian Federal government has not responded in comparable ways; preferring instead to abrogate much of its responsibilities under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and International Convention on Civil and Political Rights to state governments¿particularly, in relation to gay men and lesbians¿ social citizenship rights. In relation to hate violence, contemporary Australian research has begun to address the inconsistent application of law, public policy and policing practice. However, the issue of `hate speech¿ has remained largely uninterrogated. Equally, research has tended to focus on the unique characteristics of specific forms of hate violence, rather than assess the conditions of exclusion shared by disparate groups. This book remedies both of these deficiencies by providing a critical analysis of the role of hate speech in hate violence, and offering a comparative investigation of antisemitic and heterosexist violence.
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Hardman, Blair. "Reintroduction ecology of mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and merrnine (Lagostrophus fasciatus) at Shark Bay, Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/34.

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The transfer of threatened animals from one location to another in order to benefit the species is a technique frequently used by animal conservation managers. However, very few of these relocations have experimentally assessed the relative merits and disadvantages of commonly used release techniques. Two species of hare-wallaby, mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and merrnine (Lagostrophus fasciatus), were reintroduced in August 2001 onto Peron Peninsula in Western Australia. These threatened species were reintroduced using two release strategies (soft versus hard release), and their subsequent movements and body condition were monitored using radio-telemetry and trapping.
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Calderone, Ursula University of Ballarat. "I hope that I have got some art." University of Ballarat, 2008. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12783.

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In this thesis I have researched what I believe is the powerful, catalytic effect of poetry on the creative work of some artists. I have chosen three, Australian painters; Sidney Nolan, James Gleeson and Brett Whiteley. I have looked carefully at how the works of various poets have influenced and inspired these artists. I have put forward the idea that this engagement with the poetic realm has greatly enhanced the artist’s creative form-making. Indeed these artists have acknowledged their strong links with the world of poetry. I have touched very briefly on the ideas of some renowned philosophers who stress society’s need for fine works of art. In my opinion great works of art can come from this linking of painting with poetry and therefore, this nexus is to be encouraged. I have in my own painterly works looked to the poets for inspiration. In The Wimmera Series of landscape works, I read Brian Edwards’ and Homer Reith’s poetry, and found in their imagery a rich source of creative ideas. I continued to read the works of the poets and found that the poetry of Ezra Pound, Dante Alighieri, Judith Wright and the works of many others, were an inspirational and catalytic force. I have also discovered on this artistic journey that the very writing of poetry, my own attempts in this field, seemed to bring to my painting, a sharper, a more analytical and critical focus. Renowned art critics and art historians have criticised contemporary art for its lack of the poetic, and its boring shallowness. I would urge artists to engage with the poetic realm, and this interplay between painting and poetry, may produce fine works of lasting greatness.
Master of Visual Arts
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Calderone, Ursula. "I hope that I have got some art." University of Ballarat, 2008. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14619.

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In this thesis I have researched what I believe is the powerful, catalytic effect of poetry on the creative work of some artists. I have chosen three, Australian painters; Sidney Nolan, James Gleeson and Brett Whiteley. I have looked carefully at how the works of various poets have influenced and inspired these artists. I have put forward the idea that this engagement with the poetic realm has greatly enhanced the artist’s creative form-making. Indeed these artists have acknowledged their strong links with the world of poetry. I have touched very briefly on the ideas of some renowned philosophers who stress society’s need for fine works of art. In my opinion great works of art can come from this linking of painting with poetry and therefore, this nexus is to be encouraged. I have in my own painterly works looked to the poets for inspiration. In The Wimmera Series of landscape works, I read Brian Edwards’ and Homer Reith’s poetry, and found in their imagery a rich source of creative ideas. I continued to read the works of the poets and found that the poetry of Ezra Pound, Dante Alighieri, Judith Wright and the works of many others, were an inspirational and catalytic force. I have also discovered on this artistic journey that the very writing of poetry, my own attempts in this field, seemed to bring to my painting, a sharper, a more analytical and critical focus. Renowned art critics and art historians have criticised contemporary art for its lack of the poetic, and its boring shallowness. I would urge artists to engage with the poetic realm, and this interplay between painting and poetry, may produce fine works of lasting greatness.
Master of Visual Arts
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Haddon, Malcolm. "The nectar of translation: conversion, mimesis, and cultural translation in Krishna Consciousness." Australia : Macquarie University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/44448.

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"July 2003".
Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Department of Anthropology, 2004.
Bibliography: p. 337-345.
Introduction: representing ISKCON: spreading the message of Krishna Consciousness -- "Easy journey" to another planet: fieldwork, culture conversion, and the location of the spiritual -- A taste for Krishna: aesthetic theology and transubstantiation of culture -- Spiritual culture: varnasrama-dharma and brahminical training -- ISKCON and imitation: appropriating the model in Gaudiya-Vaisnavism -- Remembering Prabhupada: hagiography as spiritual practice -- The nectar of translation: mantra, text and the "yoga of spiritual transmission" -- Conclusion: conversion, mimesis, translation: self-realisation and the other in Krishna Consciousness.
This is a cultural anthropological study of The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), or the Hare Krishna movement. Data for this research derive primarily from ethnographic participant-observation, and include tape-recorded interviews with Hare Krishna informants as well as ISKCON literature collected during fieldwork. -- Analysis focuses on Hare Krishna techniques (saddhana, or yoga) of religious transformation, including physical, aesthetic, and discursive practices involved in the pursuit of spiritual realisation in ISKCON. Conversion, mimesis, and translation are the three key conceptual themes which inform a critical analysis of the production and effect of cultural difference in Hare Krishna spiritual practice. Ethnicity and conversion emerge as parallel concerns as the involvement of diasporic Indian and Indo-Fijian Hindus at the congregational level of ISKCON's ministry in Sydney, Australia, is examined for its effect on Western converts' experiences of Krishna Consciousness. A new conceptual approach to the meaning of 'conversion' to ISKCON is developed from this account. -- Recent sectarian developments in ISKCON's relationship with the Indian tradition of Gaudiya-Vaisnavism are also examined within a comparative theological framework. Hagiographic practices surrounding ISKCON's Bengali founder, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1896-1977), and textual practices surrounding the founder's translations of Vaisnavite scripture, are both analysed as core features of Hare Krishna spirituality. The theological significance of these practices is directly correlated with recent sectarian tensions between ISKCON and the Indian tradition.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
345 p. ill. (some col.)
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Bradshaw, B. P. "Physiological aspects of Corylus avellana associated with the French black truffle fungus Tuber melansporum and the consequence for commercial production of black truffles in Western Australia /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060327.92530.

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Books on the topic "Haze Australia"

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Firkins, Peter C. Heroes have wings. Victoria Park, W.A: Hesperian Press, 1993.

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McClelland, James. Names and particulars of all Royal Australian Navy and naval reserve men lost at sea, 1939-1945, and who have no known grave. Silverdale, N.S.W: J. McClelland Research, 1992.

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For those in peril--: A comprehensive listing of the ships and men of the Royal Australian Navy who have paid the supreme sacrifice in the wars of the twentieth century. Kenthurst, NSW, Australia: Kangaroo Press, 1995.

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Hirsch, Odo. Have Courage, Hazel Green (Hazel Green, #3). New York: Bloomsbury Children's Books, 2006.

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1953-, Cunneen Chris, Fraser David 1953-, and Tomsen Stephen, eds. Faces of hate: Hate crime in Australia. Sydney, NSW: Hawkins Press, 1997.

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Minogue, Kenneth R. Does Australia have an identity problem? London: Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, Kings College London, University of London, 2003.

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McKellar, Hazel. Woman from nowhere: Hazel McKellar's story. Broome, W.A: Magabala Books, 2000.

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McKellar, Hazel. Woman from no where: Hazel McKellar's story. Broome, W.A: Magabala, 2000.

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Davidson, Leon. Red haze: Australians & New Zealanders in Vietnam. Fitzroy, Vic: Black Dog Books, 2006.

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McClelland, James. Names and particulars of all Royal Australian Air Force men lost in action over the United Kingdom and Europe and who have no known grave. Silverdale, N.S.W: J. McClelland Research, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Haze Australia"

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Jürgen, Tampke, and Doxford Colin. "More hate." In Australia, Wilkommen, 198–217. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003352877-9.

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Birch, Philip, and Jane L. Ireland. "Hate crime." In Australian Policing, 413–28. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003028918-30.

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Colman, J. Adrian. "Biology and fisheries of New Zealand hake (M. australis)." In Hake, 365–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1300-7_13.

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Aguayo-Hernández, Mario. "Biology and fisheries of Chilean hakes (M. gayi and M. australis)." In Hake, 305–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1300-7_11.

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Bezzi, Susana I., G. A. Verazay, and C. V. Dato. "Biology and fisheries of Argentine hakes (M. hubbsi and M. australis)." In Hake, 239–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1300-7_9.

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Sydes, Michelle, and Rebecca Wickes. "The Land of the ‘Fair Go’? Mapping Income Inequality and Socioeconomic Segregation Across Melbourne Neighbourhoods." In The Urban Book Series, 229–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_12.

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AbstractDespite enduring political rhetoric that promotes Australia as ‘the lucky country’ and ‘the land of the fair go’, recent decades have seen a noticeable increase in levels of income inequality. This growing economic divide has driven housing prices up and left lower-income families unable to access the housing market in inner-city locations. In contrast to other countries, Australia’s socioeconomic segregation does not overlap with ethnic segregation. Australia’s highly regulated immigration program has resulted in a relatively well-educated and employable foreign-born population who largely reside in middle-income neighbourhoods. These particularities make Australia an interesting context to explore patterns of socioeconomic segregation over time. In this chapter, we will utilise both traditional measures of segregation (such as the dissimilarity index) as well more spatialised measures (such as location quotients and Local Morans I) to assess socioeconomic segregation at the local level. Drawing on four waves of census data (2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016), we explore how socioeconomic segregation has changed over time across nearly 500 neighbourhoods in Melbourne. We further examine the degree to which socioeconomic segregation aligns with ethnic segregation patterns and levels in this city. We find patterns of socioeconomic segregation remain relatively unchanging over time in Melbourne. Additionally, our findings highlight important differences in patterns and levels of socioeconomic and ethnic segregation in the Australian context.
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Stout, Brian. "Adults who have committed offences." In Community Justice in Australia, 27–42. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003193814-3.

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Tingley, Geoffrey A., Lynne V. Purchase, Mark V. Bravington, and Simon J. Holden. "Biology and fisheries of hakes (M. hubbsi and M. australis) around the Falkland Islands." In Hake, 269–303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1300-7_10.

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Ramsay, Ian, and Mihika Upadhyaya. "The Failed Attempt to Enact Benefit Company Legislation in Australia and the Rise of B Corps." In The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 395–424. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_19.

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AbstractAustralia is an unusual case study in terms of the history of benefit company legislation. Unlike the history in some other countries, the attempt by B Lab Australia and New Zealand (‘B Lab ANZ’) to introduce benefit company legislation was unsuccessful. It failed to gain the support of the government and attracted a mixed response from Australian businesses and academics. The authors discuss why the attempt was unsuccessful. However, although benefit company legislation was not enacted in Australia, B Lab ANZ’s B Corp certification program has had significant success with 371 Australian B Corps as of January 2022. The authors argue that while B Lab ANZ’s B Corp certification requirements achieve, in some important respects, some of what was contained in the proposed benefit company legislation, had it been enacted the proposed legislation would have ensured greater transparency and accountability for those companies electing to become benefit companies than is currently the case for B Corps in Australia.
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Seppelt, Ian M. "Australia: Where Have We Been?" In ICU Resource Allocation in the New Millennium, 3–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3866-3_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Haze Australia"

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Christensen, David, and Andrew Re. "Is Australia Prepared for the Decommissioning Challenge? A Regulator's Perspective." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208483-ms.

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Abstract The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is Australia's independent expert regulator for health and safety, structural (well) integrity and environmental management for all offshore oil and gas operations and greenhouse gas storage activities in Australian waters, and in coastal waters where regulatory powers and functions have been conferred. The Australian offshore petroleum industry has been in operation since the early 1960s and currently has approximately 57 platforms, 11 floating facilities, 3,500km of pipelines and 1000 wells in operation. Many offshore facilities are now approaching the end of their operational lives and it is estimated that over the next 50 years decommissioning of this infrastructure will cost more than US$40.5 billion. Decommissioning is a normal and inevitable stage in the lifetime of an offshore petroleum project that should be planned from the outset and matured throughout the life of operations. While only a few facilities have been decommissioned in Australian waters, most of Australia's offshore infrastructure is now more than 20 years old and entering a phase where they require extra attention and close maintenance prior to decommissioning. When the NOGA group of companies entered liquidation in 2020 and the Australian Government took control of decommissioning the Laminaria and Corallina field development it became evident that there were some fundamental gaps in relation to decommissioning in the Australian offshore petroleum industry. There are two key focus areas that require attention. Firstly, regulatory reform including policy change and modification to regulatory practice. Secondly, the development of visible and robust decommissioning plans by Industry titleholders. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and benefit of adopting good practice when planning for decommissioning throughout the life cycle of a petroleum project. Whilst not insurmountable, the closing of these gaps will ensure that Australia is well placed to deal with the decommissioning challenge facing the industry in the next 50 years.
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Marfella, Giorgio. "Seeds of Concrete Progress: Grain Elevators and Technology Transfer between America and Australia." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4000pi5hk.

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Modern concrete silos and grain elevators are a persistent source of interest and fascination for architects, industrial archaeologists, painters, photographers, and artists. The legacy of the Australian examples of the early 1900s is appreciated primarily by a popular culture that allocates value to these structures on aesthetic grounds. Several aspects of construction history associated with this early modern form of civil engineering have been less explored. In the 1920s and 1930s, concrete grain elevator stations blossomed along the railway networks of the Australian Wheat Belts, marking with their vertical presence the landscapes of many rural towns in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia. The Australian reception of this industrial building type of American origin reflects the modern nation-building aspirations of State Governments of the early 1900s. The development of fast-tracked, self-climbing methods for constructing concrete silos, a technology also imported from America, illustrates the critical role of concrete in that effort of nation-building. The rural and urban proliferation of concrete silos in Australia also helped establish a confident local concrete industry that began thriving with automatic systems of movable formwork, mastering and ultimately transferring these construction methods to multi-storey buildings after WWII. Although there is an evident link between grain elevators and the historiographical propaganda of heroic modernism, that nexus should not induce to interpret old concrete silos as a vestige of modern aesthetics. As catalysts of technical and economic development in Australia, Australian wheat silos also bear important significance due to the international technology transfer and local repercussions of their fast-tracked concrete construction methods.
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Brooker, Jennifer, and Daniel Vincent. "The Australian Veterans' Scholarship Program (AVSP) Through a Career Construction Paradigm." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.4380.

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In Australia, 6000 military personnel leave the military each year, of whom at least 30% become unemployed and 19% experience underemployment, figures five times higher than the national average (Australian Government 2020). Believed to be one of life's most intense transitions, veterans find it difficult to align their military skills and knowledge to the civilian labour market upon leaving military service (Cable, Cathcart and Almond 2021; AVEC 2020). // Providing authentic opportunities that allow veterans to gain meaningful employment upon (re)entering civilian life raises their capability to incorporate accrued military skills, knowledge, and expertise. Despite acknowledging that higher education is a valuable transition pathway, Australia has no permanently federally funded post-service higher education benefit supporting veterans to improve their civilian employment prospects. Since World War II, American GIs have accessed a higher education scholarship program (tuition fees, an annual book allowance, monthly housing stipend) (Defense 2019). A similar offering is available in Canada, the UK, and Israel. // We are proposing that the AVSP would be the first comprehensive, in-depth study investigating the ongoing academic success of Australia's modern veterans as they study higher and vocational education. It consists of four distinct components: // Scholarships: transitioning/separated veterans apply for one of four higher education scholarship options (under/postgraduate): 100% tuition fees waived // $750/fortnight living stipend for the degree duration // 50/50 tuition/living stipend // Industry-focused scholarships. // Research: LAS Consulting, Open Door, Flinders University, over seven years, will follow the scholarship recipients to identify which scholarship option is the most relevant/beneficial for Australian veterans. The analysis of the resultant quantitative and qualitative data will demonstrate that providing federal financial support to student veterans studying higher education options: Improves the psychosocial and economic outcomes for veterans // Reduces the need for financial and medical support of participants // Reduces the national unemployed and underemployed statistics for veterans // Provides a positive return of investment (ROI) to the funder // May increase Australian Defence Force (ADF) recruitment and retention rates // Career Construction: LAS Consulting will sit, listen, guide, and help build an emotional connection around purpose, identity, education and employment opportunities back into society. So, the veteran can move forward, crystalise a life worth living, and find their authentic self, which is led by their values in the civilian world. // Mentoring: Each participant receives a mentor throughout their academic journey.
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Gamboa, Erwin, and Luke Zadow. "Tomography of Inclined SCC Cracks in Australian Gas Pipelines." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90363.

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Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in pipeline steel occurs when an aggressive environment and tensile stresses act on a susceptible microstructure. Typically, SCC in gas pipelines tends to travel perpendicular to the hoop stresses in the through wall direction. Studies conducted on the TransCanada pipeline where a rupture had occurred revealed the incidence of SCC cracks whose crack path deviated at an angle from the normal. These inclined cracks have also been found in a pipeline in Australia which has lead to an increased need to better understand inclined SCC. This paper, based on the Australian pipeline, investigates the incidence rate, morphology, and observed interactions of inclined SCC in the Australian pipe.
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Goldsmith, Barrie, and Josh Miller. "THE AUSTRALIAN OPEN TENNIS CHAMPIONHIP AND COVID-19 TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS." In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.315g.

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The events concerning Novak Djokovic participation at this year’s Australian Open Tennis Championship prompted many questions to be asked and the authors have prepared this paper with a view to trying to provide some answers and some explanations. The paper provides an overview of particular events, immigration rules and court decisions. It also addresses the potential negative impact that the events may have had, and may have, on international tourism to Australia.
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Soņeca, Viktorija. "Tehnoloģiju milžu ietekme uz suverēnu." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.1.18.

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In the last two decades, we have seen the rise of companies providing digital services. Big Tech firms have become all-pervasive, playing critical roles in our social interactions, in the way we access information, and in the way we consume. These firms not only strive to be dominant players in one market, but with their giant monopoly power and domination of online ecosystems, they want to become the market itself. They are gaining not just economic, but also political power. This can be illustrated by Donald Trump’s campaigns, in which he attempted to influence the sovereign will, as the sovereign power is vested in the people. The Trump campaigns' use of Facebook's advertising tools contributed to Trump's win at the 2016 presidential election. After criticism of that election, Facebook stated that it would implement a series of measures to prevent future abuse. For example, no political ads will be accepted in the week before an election. Another example of how Big Tech firms can effect the sovereign is by national legislator. For example, Australia had a dispute with digital platforms such as Facebook and Google. That was because Australia began to develop a News Media and Digital Platforms Mandatory Code. To persuade the Australian legislature to abandon the idea of this code, Facebook prevented Australian press publishers, news media and users from sharing/viewing Australian as well as international news content, including blocking information from government agencies. Such action demonstrated how large digital platforms can affect the flow of information to encourage the state and its legislature to change their position. Because of such pressure, Australia eventually made adjustments to the code in order to find a compromise with the digital platform. Also, when we are referring to political power, it should include lobbying and the European Union legislator. Tech giants are lobbying their interests to influence the European Union’s digital policy, which has the most direct effect on member states, given that the member states are bound by European Union law.
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O’Neill, Lee, Geoff Cole, and Beverley Ronalds. "Development of a Decommissioning Cost Model for Australian Offshore Platforms." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67367.

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Experience has shown that regional factors can contribute to significant variability in decommissioning costs for offshore platforms. Nevertheless, previous studies aimed at estimating decommissioning costs have been valuable inputs for operators, regulators and decommissioning contractors as they develop abandonment and decommissioning strategies and public policy. Estimated costs associated with decommissioning offshore oil and gas platforms in Australia have not been reported widely in the open literature. This paper summarises the physical and regulatory environment in Australia, and develops a cost model which reflects the decommissioning challenges for fixed platforms in this remote region. This cost model could be readily applied to other remote petroleum provinces provided that mobilization times and the nature of the local ocean environment are known. The total cost of decommissioning all 39 current fixed platforms in Australian waters is estimated to be between US$845 and US$1044 million.
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Kokkoni, Panayiotis Peter, and Alizera Salmachi. "Analysis of South Australian Onshore Oil & Gas Well Decommissioning and Potential Impact on Regulatory Compliance, Environmental and Corporate Risk — Unified Risk Code." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205762-ms.

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The Cooper/Eromanga Basin is in central Australia and has been the focal point for oil and gas exploration and development in South Australia since the first commercial hydrocarbon discovery in 1963. In the years and decades following, thousands of subsequent wells have been drilled. The CE Basin spans across four states and territories covering an area ~35,000km2. The concentration of South Australian wells is situated in the Northeast of the state and sparsely concentrated in a 300km × 500km area (Figure 1) with the wells in this area being the focus of this research study. Well decommissioning commonly referred to as Plug and Abandonment (P&A) aims to restore the natural integrity of geological formations that existed prior to drilling. It is a mandatory requirement for all wells and must account for the effects of any foreseeable chemical and geological processes from an eternal standpoint. The minimum requirement for abandonment of the South Australian wells is governed by Objective 6 Cooper Basin State Environmental Objectives (SEO): Drilling, Completions and Well Operations, November 2015 guidelines, which provides the compliance criteria for appropriate barrier installation and verification. Well complexity is determined by the difficulty in achieving this minimum compliance requirement based on available data of well conditions, simplified in the form of a risk code.
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Southern, Carolyne, Joseph Wong, and Keith Bladon. "Challenges of Integrating Multidisciplinary Wayside Databases." In ASME 2012 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2012-9446.

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A single, integrated database to store inputs from multiple, and multidisciplinary wayside systems is a pre-requisite for cross-correlation of data, and the development of intelligent algorithms to determine alarm levels and automate decision making. Australian rail operators run on three track gauges, operate a mix of American, European and uniquely Australian rolling stock, and lack a unified set of interchange standards, making the development of operational and condition monitoring rules a complex task. Over the years, Wayside Equipment vendors have adopted different database architectures and data structures for their proprietary systems. Recognizing the need for an industry-wide standard, Pacific National and Track Owners in Australia have initiated a project to develop the architecture for an integrated, open database to capture and store data feeds from multiple wayside systems, from different suppliers. This paper describes the objectives, constraints, challenges and projected benefits of the project for the track owner and the rail operator, and the planned implementation of an integrated condition monitoring database in the Australian rail environment.
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Mills, Sheelah. "34 ADHD: Yes we have the data but do we have the disease?" In Preventing Overdiagnosis Abstracts, December 2019, Sydney, Australia. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-pod.48.

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Reports on the topic "Haze Australia"

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Lotz, Amanda, Anna Potter, Marion McCutcheon, Kevin Sanson, and Oliver Eklund. Australian Television Drama Index, 1999-2019. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.212330.

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This report examines changes in the production and commissioning of Australian television drama from 1999–2019, a period marked by notable changes in the business of television in Australia and globally. More production companies now make drama in Australia; however, the fact that more companies share less than half the annual hours once produced raises concerns about sustainability. Several major Australian production companies have been acquired by foreign conglomerates and challenge the viability of domestic companies that lack access to international corporate capital and distribution. The decrease in adult drama hours commissioned by commercial broadcasters has reshaped Australian television drama more than any other change. The national broadcasters have increased their role in commissioning, particularly in children’s drama. Titles have not decreased nearly as significantly as the number of episodes per series. Commercial broadcasters’ drama decreased from an average of 21 episodes per title in 1999 to seven in 2019, a 60 per cent decrease that, along with the increasing peripheralization of soaps, has diminished available training grounds and career paths in the Australian scripted production industry.
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Brassil, Anthony. The Consequences of Low Interest Rates for the Australian Banking Sector. Reserve Bank of Australia, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2022-08.

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There is a vast international literature exploring the consequences of low interest rates for various banking sectors. In this paper, I explore how this international literature relates to the Australian banking sector, which operates differently to other jurisdictions. In the face of low rates, the profitability of Australian banks has likely been less adversely affected than what the international literature would predict, but the flip side to this is that the pass-through of monetary policy to lending rates may have been more muted. I then use a recent advance in macrofinancial modelling to explore whether pass-through in Australia could turn negative – the so called 'reversal rate' – and find that the features of the Australian banking system mean a reversal rate is highly unlikely to exist in Australia.
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Vergani, Matteo, and Rouven Link. Tackling Hate in Australia: Stocktake Report 2019-2020. Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.56311/yhmp5323.

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This report is a first in Australia to make sense of the exceptional fragmentation and lack of coordination of responses to hate crimes, hate speech and hate incidents across the country Dr Matteo Vergani & Rouven Link
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Thomson, Sue. PISA 2018: Australia in Focus Number 1: Academic resilience among Australian students. Australian Council for Educational Research, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-624-6.

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Socioeconomically disadvantaged students (i.e. those whose scores on a constructed measure of social and cultural capital are below a specified cut-off, usually the 25th percentile) have been found to be more likely to drop out of school, repeat a grade, achieve lower levels at senior secondary school, and score lower on tests such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Despite this association between socioeconomic disadvantage and poorer outcomes related to education, a percentage of students who come from disadvantaged backgrounds enjoy success at school. This apparent success despite the odds is of interest to researchers and educators alike – what, if any, characteristics do these academically resilient students share, why might this be and what can we learn from this group of students, however small, that might assist in improving outcomes for all students, regardless of their socioeconomic background?
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Nietschke, Yung. Australian Strategic Partnerships in Remote Education. Australian Council for Educational Research, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-649-9.

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This report highlights the achievements and lessons learned from the pilot stage of the Australian Strategic Partnerships in Remote Education (ASPIRE) initiative which was managed by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) as part of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade's Partnerships for Recovery: Australia's COVID-19 Development Response. In its pilot phase ASPIRE partnerships have strengthened collaboration between Australian and Indo-Pacific institutions and promoted the value of Australian expertise in remote teaching and learning to key counterparts in government, tertiary institutions, community organisations and teachers.
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Vergani, Matteo, Angelique Stefanopoulos, Alexandra Lee, Haily Tran, Imogen Richards, Dan Goodhardt, and Greg Barton. Defining and identifying hate motives: bias indicators for the Australian context. Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56311/pozs1016.

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This report presents bias indicators for the Australian context and discusses their concept, uses, benefits and risks. The bias indicators we present are the result of extensive consultations with local experts including academics and practitioners working in law enforcement agencies, government and non-government organisations and community organisations. Trigger warning: this report discusses multiple forms of trauma, hate, and discrimination, including physical violence, racism, and homophobia.
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Cunningham, Stuart, Marion McCutcheon, Greg Hearn, Mark David Ryan, and Christy Collis. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Gold Coast. Queensland University of Technology, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.203691.

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The Gold Coast has one of the strongest and most resilient city brands in Australia. Monikers such as the ‘glitter strip’, ‘Sin City’, ‘Australia’s playground’ and ‘famous for fun’ have variously been applied to brand the Gold Coast, with its identity long touted as revolving around ‘sun, surf and sand’. Belinda McKay (2005, p. 68) observes that the Gold Coast is often seen as a place to escape to, ‘where new possibilities can be imagined and enacted’: this sense of escape from the ordinary remains a strong element of the Gold Coast’s place identity.
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Droogan, Julian, Lise Waldek, Brian Ballsun-Stanton, and Jade Hutchinson. Mapping a Social Media Ecosystem: Outlinking on Gab & Twitter Amongst the Australian Far-right Milieu. RESOLVE Network, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/remve2022.6.

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Attention to the internet and the online spaces in which violent extremists interact and spread content has increased over the past decades. More recently, that attention has shifted from understanding how groups like the self-proclaimed Islamic State use the internet to spread propaganda to understanding the broader internet environment and, specifically, far-right violent extremist activities within it. This focus on how far right violent extremist—including far-right racially and ethnically motivated violent extremists (REMVEs) within them—create, use, and exploit the online networks in which they exist to promote their hateful ideology and reach has largely focused on North America and Europe. However, in recent years, examinations of those online dynamics elsewhere, including in Australia, is increasing. Far right movements have been active in Australia for decades. While these movements are not necessarily extremist nor violent, understanding how violent far right extremists and REMVEs interact within or seek to exploit these broader communities is important in further understanding the tactics, reach, and impact of REMVEs in Australia. This is particularly important in the online space access to broader networks of individuals and ideas is increasingly expanding. Adding to a steadily expanding body of knowledge examining online activities and networks of both broader far right as well as violent extremist far right populations in Australia, this paper presents a data-driven examination of the online ecosystems in which identified Australian far-right violent extremists exist and interact,1 as mapped by user generated uniform resource locators (URL), or ‘links’, to internet locations gathered from two online social platforms—Twitter and Gab. This link-based analysis has been used in previous studies of online extremism to map the platforms and content shared in online spaces and provide further detail on the online ecosystems in which extremists interact. Data incorporating the links was automatically collected from Twitter and Gab posts from users existing within the online milieu in which those identified far right extremists were connected. The data was collected over three discrete one-month periods spanning 2019, the year in which an Australian far right violent extremist carried out the Christchurch attack. Networks of links expanding out from the Twitter and Gab accounts were mapped in two ways to explore the extent and nature of the online ecosystems in which these identified far right Australian violent extremists are connected, including: To map the extent and nature of these ecosystems (e.g., the extent to which other online platforms are used and connected to one another), the project mapped where the most highly engaged links connect out to (i.e., website domain names), and To explore the nature of content being spread within those ecosystems, what sorts of content is found at the end of the most highly engaged links. The most highly engaged hashtags from across this time are also presented for additional thematic analysis. The mapping of links illustrated the interconnectedness of a social media ecosystem consisting of multiple platforms that were identified as having different purposes and functions. Importantly, no links to explicitly violent or illegal activity were identified among the top-most highly engaged sites. The paper discusses the implications of the findings in light of this for future policy, practice, and research focused on understanding the online ecosystems in which identified REMVE actors are connected and the types of thematic content shared and additional implications in light of the types of non-violent content shared within them.
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Levin, Ilan, John Thomas, Moshe Lapidot, Desmond McGrath, and Denis Persley. Resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in tomato: molecular mapping and introgression of resistance to Australian genotypes. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613888.bard.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes. Although first identified in the Mediterranean region, it is now distributed world-wide. Sequence analysis of the virus by the Australian group has shown that the virus is now present in Australia. Despite the importance of the disease and extensive research on the virus, very little is known about the resistance genes (loci) that determine host resistance and susceptibility to the virus. A symptom-less resistant line, TY-172, was developed at the Volcani Center which has shown the highest resistance level among all tested varieties. Preliminary results show that TY-172 is a good candidate to confer resistance to both TYLCV and to Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) in Queensland conditions. Furthermore, Segregation analysis has previously indicated that the resistance is determined by 2-3 genes. In this proposal we aimed to substantiate that TY-172 can contribute to resistance breeding against TYLCV in Queensland, to develop DNA markers to advance such resistance breeding in both Israel and Queensland, and to exploit these markers for resistant breeding in Australian and Israeli lines. To map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling TYLCVresistance in TY172, appropriate segregating populations were analyzed using 69 polymorphic DNA markers spanning the entire tomato genome. Results show that TYLCV resistance in TY172 is controlled by a previously unknown major QTL, originating from the resistant line, and four additional minor QTLs. The major QTL, termed Ty-5, maps to chromosome 4 and accounts for 39.7-to-46.6% of the variation in symptom severity among segregating plants (LOD score: 33-to-35). The minor QTLs, originated either from the resistant or susceptible parents, were mapped to chromosomes 1, 7, 9 and 11, and contributed 12% to the variation in symptom severity in addition to Ty-5. Further analysis of parental lines as well as large F₁, BC₁F₁, F₂ and BC₁F₂ populations originating from crosses carried out, in reciprocal manner, between TY172 and the susceptible processing line M-82 (LA3475) during spring-summer 2010, indicated that: (1) the minor QTLs we have previously identified are in effect not reproducible, (2)Ty-5 alone can yield highly resistant plants with practically no extra-chromosomal effects, and (3) the narrow-sense heritability estimate of resistance levels, attributed to additive factors responsive to selection, does not significantly deviate from 1. All of these results point to Ty-5 as the sole resistance locus in TY172 thus significantly increasing the likelihood of its successful molecular dissection. The DNA markers developed during the course of this study were transferred together with the TY172 genotype to Queensland. TY172 was crossed to a panel of Australian genotypes and the resulting populations were subjected to segregation analysis. Results showed that resistant locus, Ty-5, is highly reproducible in the Australian conditions as well. The Australian group was also able to make improvements to the marker assays by re-designing primer pairs to provide more robust PCR fragments. The Ty-5 locus has now been introgressed into elite Australian germplasm and selection for TYLCV resistance has begun. Cumulatively, our results show that Ty-5 can be effectively used, together with the TY172 genotype to expedite TYLCV resistance breeding and improve our understanding of the genetics that underline the response of tomato to TYLCV. Contributions to agriculture include: (1) the development of tools for more efficient resistance breeding, allowing the incorporation of resistance to local tomato varieties in Australia, Israel and elsewhere; and (2) establish a solid framework for a future attempt to clone the genes that encode such resistance. The latter will enable to decipher the resistance mechanisms that could be applied to other geminiviruses in tomato and possibly in other plant species.
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Chahal, Husanjot, Ngor Luong, Sara Abdulla, and Margarita Konaev. Quad AI: Assessing AI-related Collaboration between the United States, Australia, India, and Japan. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20210049.

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Through the Quad forum, the United States, Australia, Japan and India have committed to pursuing an open, accessible and secure technology ecosystem and offering a democratic alternative to China’s techno-authoritarian model. This report assesses artificial intelligence collaboration across the Quad and finds that while Australia, Japan and India each have close AI-related research and investment ties to both the United States and China, they collaborate far less with one another.
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