Journal articles on the topic 'Haze Asia'
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1
Nichol, Janet. "Smoke haze in Southeast Asia." Atmospheric Environment 32, no. 14-15 (August 1998): 2715–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00086-7.
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Cheong, Ngiam, Morgan, Pek, Tan, Lai, Koh, Ong, and Ho. "Acute Health Impacts of the Southeast Asian Transboundary Haze Problem—A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 3286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183286.
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Air pollution has emerged as one of the world’s largest environmental health threats, with various studies demonstrating associations between exposure to air pollution and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Regional air quality in Southeast Asia has been seasonally affected by the transboundary haze problem, which has often been the result of forest fires from “slash-and-burn” farming methods. In light of growing public health concerns, recent studies have begun to examine the health effects of this seasonal haze problem in Southeast Asia. This review paper aims to synthesize current research efforts on the impact of the Southeast Asian transboundary haze on acute aspects of public health. Existing studies conducted in countries affected by transboundary haze indicate consistent links between haze exposure and acute psychological, respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological morbidity and mortality. Future prospective and longitudinal studies are warranted to quantify the long-term health effects of recurrent, but intermittent, exposure to high levels of seasonal haze. The mechanism, toxicology and pathophysiology by which these toxic particles contribute to disease and mortality should be further investigated. Epidemiological studies on the disease burden and socioeconomic cost of haze exposure would also be useful to guide policy-making and international strategy in minimizing the impact of seasonal haze in Southeast Asia.
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Tacconi, Luca. "Preventing fires and haze in Southeast Asia." Nature Climate Change 6, no. 7 (June 23, 2016): 640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3008.
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Li, Shanshan, and Yuming Guo. "Hazardous haze in Asia and breathing problems." Respirology 23, no. 10 (June 6, 2018): 883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/resp.13336.
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Fongissara, Noppachai, and Watcharabon Buddharaksa. "ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution Management in Mainland Southeast Asia." Asia Social Issues 15, no. 6 (August 3, 2022): 253039. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/asi.2022.253039.
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The study discusses the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution management in Mainland Southeast Asia by analyzing haze pollution management among ASEAN members using regime theories and ASEAN Principles. The data analysis was taken from articles, research papers, and ASEAN strategic plans on transboundary haze pollution management in Mainland Southeast Asia based on the regime theories and ASEAN principles. The findings revealed that the outcomes of ATHP led to a decrease in the haze level in Mainland Southeast Asia because of the Haze Free ASEAN 2020 roadmap and action plans. Consequently, the initial plans did not result in widespread success practically in meeting the Haze Free vision in 2020. The efforts and processes were hindered because of the respect for the sovereignty of nations which is part of the ASEAN working culture known as the “ASEAN Way”. As a result, the process for alleviating of the regional haze problem management is to focus on cross-border cooperation and the mutual establishment of regional standards among the ASEAN members. Therefore, it is necessary to have an agreement protocol and law enforcement to solve border disputes concerning the haze problem for all countries to follow. This will make possible a haze-free zone in the region.
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Jones, David Seth. "ASEAN and transboundary haze pollution in Southeast Asia." Asia Europe Journal 4, no. 3 (May 31, 2006): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10308-006-0067-1.
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Rocha, Ida Ingrid, Kaavya Narasimhalu, and Deidre Anne De Silva. "Impact of Air Pollution and Seasonal Haze on Neurological Conditions: A Review." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 49, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.18087.
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Introduction: Air pollution is a global problem and seasonal haze from forest clearing and peat land burning in Indonesia is an annual phenomenon in Southeast Asia. As neurological disorders comprise 6.3% of the burden of disease globally, we reviewed evidence of the association between common neurological conditions and air pollution exposure, and summarised existing data on the impact of the haze phenomenon in Southeast Asia. Materials and Methods: A PubMed search for relevant studies on air pollution, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia, epilepsy, haze, headache, migraine, stroke, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and neuromuscular conditions was performed. There were 52 articles which were relevant and were reviewed. Results: There were associations between short-term air pollution exposure with AD, epilepsy, ischaemic stroke and migraine. Long-term air pollution exposure was associated with AD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia and ischaemic stroke. Evidence on the link between air pollution and PD was inconsistent. Currently, there is no specific data on the effects haze has on neurological conditions in Southeast Asia. Conclusion: Air pollution is associated with increased risk of certain common neurological disorders. More specific studies are needed to investigate the impact of seasonal haze on neurological conditions in Southeast Asia. Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, Epilepsy, Migraine, Parkinson’s disease, Stroke
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Li, Juan, Guoshun Zhuang, Kan Huang, Yanfen Lin, Qiongzhen Wang, Yuhong Guo, Jinghua Guo, Shulong Yu, Caixia Cui, and Joshua S. Fu. "The chemistry of heavy haze over Urumqi, Central Asia." Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 61, no. 1 (September 2008): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10874-009-9124-7.
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Stern, Rachel E. "HONG KONG HAZE." Asian Survey 43, no. 5 (September 2003): 780–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2003.43.5.780.
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Abstract Preliminary data show that Hong Kong's poor suffer increased exposure to air pollution. People in lower-class areas may be up to five times as likely to be hospitalized for respiratory illness as their counterparts in high-income areas. In addition, variation in household income may explain up to 60%% of Air Pollution Index (API) variation between districts. Despite this, air pollution has not been seen as a class issue because of the invisibility of Hong Kong's poor, the nature of environmental activism, and a relative lack of class tensions. Two of Asia's most significant trends are deepening income inequality and increasing environmental degradation. Yet, these two trends are often examined separately, as parts of entirely different spheres. Using air pollution in Hong Kong as a case study, this article argues that environmental issues and social class are intimately intertwined. Environmental burdens, such as air pollution, disproportionately affect the poor. Social class——who is generating pollution and who is affected——also determines how environmental issues are perceived and addressed. However, little combined analysis of social class and the environment exists outside the United States. Hong Kong's struggle to improve air quality in the post-handover period provides an unusual opportunity to examine the relationship between social class and the environment in Asia.
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Zhao, Shuyun, Hua Zhang, and Bing Xie. "The effects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the winter haze pollution of China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 3 (February 8, 2018): 1863–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1863-2018.
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Abstract. It has been reported in previous studies that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influenced not only the summer monsoon, but also the winter monsoon over East Asia. This contains some clues that ENSO may affect the winter haze pollution of China, which has become a serious problem in recent decades, through influencing the winter climate of East Asia. In this work, we explored the effects of ENSO on the winter (from December to February) haze pollution of China statistically and numerically. Statistical results revealed that the haze days of southern China tended to be fewer (more) than normal in El Niño (La Niña) winter, whereas the relationships between the winter haze days of northern and eastern China and ENSO were not significant. Results from numerical simulations also showed that ENSO influenced the winter atmospheric anthropogenic aerosol content over southern China more obviously than it did over northern and eastern China. Under the emission level of aerosols for the year 2010, winter atmospheric anthropogenic aerosol content over southern China was generally greater (less) than normal in El Niño (La Niña) winter. This was because the transport of aerosols from South and Southeast Asia to southern China was enhanced (weakened), which masked the better (worse) scavenging conditions for aerosols in El Niño (La Niña) winter. The frequency distribution of the simulated daily surface concentrations of aerosols over southern China indicated that the region tended to have fewer clean and moderate (heavy) haze days, but more heavy (moderate) haze days in El Niño (La Niña) winter.
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Marlier, Miriam E., Ruth S. DeFries, Shannon N. Koplitz, Daniel J. Jacob, Loretta J. Mickley, Jonathan J. Buonocore, Joel Schwartz, Montira Pongsiri, and Samuel S. Myers. "A scientific tool to address severe haze in Equatorial Asia." Lancet 389 (April 2017): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31124-8.
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Varkkey, Helena, and Lee Poh Onn. "The Haze Problem in Southeast Asia: Palm Oil and Patronage." Southeast Asian Economies 34, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 573–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae34-3i.
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Nair, Vijayakumar Sivadasan, Filippo Giorgi, and Usha Keshav Hasyagar. "Amplification of South Asian haze by water vapour–aerosol interactions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 22 (November 28, 2020): 14457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14457-2020.
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Abstract. Air pollution and wintertime fog over South Asia is a major concern due to its significant implications for air quality, visibility and health. Using a regional climate model coupled with chemistry, we assess the contribution of the hygroscopic growth of aerosols (ambient–dry) to the total aerosol optical depth and demonstrate that the increased surface cooling due to the hygroscopic effects of aerosols further increases the humidity in the boundary layer and thus enhances the confinement of pollutants through aerosol–boundary layer interactions. This positive feedback mechanism plays an important role in the prevalence of wintertime fog and poor air quality conditions over South Asia, where water vapour contributes more than half of the aerosol optical depth. The aerosol–boundary layer interactions lead to moistening of the boundary layer and drying of the free troposphere, which amplifies the long-term trend in relative humidity over the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter. Hence, the aerosol–water vapour interaction plays a decisive role in the formation and maintenance of the wintertime fog conditions over South Asia, which needs to be considered for planning mitigation strategies.
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Jo, Hyun-Young, and Cheol-Hee Kim. "Identification of Long-Range Transported Haze Phenomena and Their Meteorological Features over Northeast Asia." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 6 (June 2013): 1318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-0235.1.
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AbstractThis paper presents a technique used to empirically classify operationally defined “haze” days in South Korea from 2000 to 2007 into long-range transported (LRT) and stagnant (STG) haze cases. A total of 547 haze days were classified into these two cases by tracking consecutive 6-day synoptic weather charts and air trajectories. The meteorological features associated with long-range transport of haze were identified by contrasting the values of 35 candidate meteorological parameters corresponding to the two types of haze cases. A suitable subset of synoptic variables was then chosen to diagnose the unique meteorological features of each case. The statistical test showed that geostrophic wind speed, vorticity, vorticity advection at a geopotential height of 850 hPa, and the vertical stability index of the lower atmosphere were indicated as highly effective parameters for distinguishing between the LRT and STG cases. The classification accuracies showed 93.2%, 87.8%, 85.4%, and 84.4% for these four variables, respectively. The STG case was well characterized by negative vorticity, with stable atmospheric stability conditions and weak geostrophic wind speed, that is, ~2.8 m s−1 at a geopotential height of 850 hPa, whereas the LRT case had relatively strong geostrophic wind speed, >6 m s−1. For both cases, the location of the anticyclone played an important role in haze occurrence, directly and indirectly. A high pressure system led to stable STG haze with weak ventilation, resulting from upper-atmospheric subsidence. The LRT case was associated with a strong anticyclone that prevailed over southwestern China, maintaining the pressure gradient force that generated the westerly wind that was persistently conducive to downwind long-range transport of haze.
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Zhang, Shiyue, Gang Zeng, Tijian Wang, Xiaoye Yang, and Vedaste Iyakaremye. "Three dominant synoptic atmospheric circulation patterns influencing severe winter haze in eastern China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 24 (December 21, 2022): 16017–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-16017-2022.
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Abstract. Previous studies have indicated that, on a synoptic scale, severe haze in eastern China (EC) is affected by atmospheric circulation variations. However, it is still unclear what the dominant atmospheric circulation patterns influencing the severe winter haze conditions in EC and the differences between them are. To systematically determine the dominant synoptic atmospheric circulation patterns of severe haze in different regions of EC, we use the hierarchical clustering algorithm (HCA) to classify the local geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa over stations with severe haze and obtained three dominant synoptic atmospheric circulation types based on observed particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) concentrations and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Circulation Type1 is accompanied by significant northerly wind component anomalies over northern China and causes severe haze pollution over the Yangtze River valley. Although the local meteorological conditions are not conducive to haze formation and accumulation, the severe haze in the Yangtze River valley is related to the pollution transportation caused by the northerly wind anomalies. During the haze days with circulation Type2, the joint affection of the East Atlantic/West Russia teleconnection pattern and winter East Asia subtropical jet stimulate and maintain the anticyclonic anomalies over northeast Asia, which provides meteorological conditions conducive to the occurrence of severe haze over the whole EC. Circulation Type3 mainly caused severe haze events in northeast China through the establishment of blocking high over the Sea of Okhotsk. The results provide a basis for establishing haze prediction and management policies applicable to different regions in EC.
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Zhao, Wei, Shangfeng Chen, Hengde Zhang, Jikang Wang, Wen Chen, Renguang Wu, Wanqiu Xing, et al. "Distinct Impacts of ENSO on Haze Pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region between Early and Late Winters." Journal of Climate 35, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 687–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0459.1.
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Abstract The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region has encountered increasingly severe and frequent haze pollution during recent decades. This study reveals that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has distinctive impacts on interannual variations of haze pollution over BTH in early and late winters. The impact of ENSO on the haze pollution over the BTH is strong in early winter, but weak in late winter. In early winter, ENSO-related sea surface temperature anomalies generate double-cell Walker circulation anomalies, with upward motion anomalies over the tropical central-eastern Pacific and tropical Indian Ocean, and downward motion anomalies over the tropical western Pacific. The ascending motion and enhanced atmospheric heating anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean trigger atmospheric teleconnection propagating from the north Indian Ocean to East Asia, and result in the generation of an anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia. The associated southerly anomalies to the west side lead to more serious haze pollution via reducing surface wind speed and increasing low-level humidity and the thermal inversion. The strong contribution of the Indian Ocean heating anomalies to the formation of the anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia in early winter can be confirmed by atmospheric model numerical experiments. In late winter, vertical motion and precipitation anomalies are weak over the tropical Indian Ocean related to ENSO. As such, ENSO cannot induce a clear anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia via atmospheric teleconnection, and thus has a weak impact on the haze pollution over BTH. Further analysis shows that stronger ENSO-induced atmospheric heating anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean in early winter are partially due to higher mean SST and precipitation there. Significance Statement There exist large discrepancies regarding the contribution of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the wintertime haze pollution over North China. Several studies have indicated that ENSO has a weak impact on the haze pollution over North China. However, some studies have argued that ENSO events can exert impacts on the occurrence of haze pollution over North China. In this study, we present evidence to demonstrate that ENSO has distinctive impacts on interannual variations of the haze pollution over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in North China in early and late winters. Specifically, ENSO has a strong impact on the haze pollution over BTH in early winter, whereas the impact of ENSO on the haze pollution over BTH is fairly weak in late winter. Results of this study could reconcile the discrepancy of previous studies about the impact of ENSO on the haze pollution over North China.
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Itasari, Endah Rantau, and Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku. "Implementation of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in the Southeast Asia Region." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v6i1p149-154.
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This study aimed to determine the extent of the implementation of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in the Southeast Asia Region. This study was normative empirical legal research (applied law research). Empirical normative legal research began with written positive legal provisions that were applied to in-concreto legal events in society. The principle of the working mechanism of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution was the right to exploit one’s own resources with environmental and development policies, but this cannot be separated from the responsibility to ensure that exploitative activities did not cause environmental damage and threaten human health from other countries or an area outside the jurisdiction of a country but seeing the incidence every year there were still forest fires that cause a large haze and cause inconvenience to other ASEAN member countries and this must be immediately sought out so that an agreement that had been mutually agreed upon the same can be a parameter to reduce the occurrence of haze in the Southeast Asia region.
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Alvin, Sia Dewei. "Effectiveness of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution." Environmental Law Review 24, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14614529221126335.
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Since the 1980s, Southeast Asia has experienced transboundary haze pollution. To combat this, ASEAN member states have taken action, culminating in the signing of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in 2002. Nevertheless, transboundary haze pollution remains a problem in the region. This note argues that the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution has had limited success for five reasons. First, there is no regional centre to monitor haze pollution and facilitate co-operation. Second, there are bilateral relations hindering joint response towards pollution. Third, there is ineffective legislative action and enforcement at the national level. Fourth, there are potential conflicts of interest between stakeholders involved in transboundary haze pollution. Fifth, an overarching issue lies in the ASEAN mode of governance, in which member states are reluctant to adopt an adversarial approach towards regional problems.
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Yoo, Jin Ho, J. Cho, S. Hameed, R. Field, K. F. Kwan, and I. Albar. "Toward a fire and haze early warning system for Southeast Asia." APN Science Bulletin 6, no. 1 (April 2016): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/sb.2016.13.
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Nichol, Janet. "Bioclimatic impacts of the 1994 smoke haze event in Southeast Asia." Atmospheric Environment 31, no. 8 (April 1997): 1209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(96)00260-9.
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Lee, Janice Ser Huay, Zeehan Jaafar, Alan Khee Jin Tan, Luis R. Carrasco, J. Jackson Ewing, David P. Bickford, Edward L. Webb, and Lian Pin Koh. "Toward clearer skies: Challenges in regulating transboundary haze in Southeast Asia." Environmental Science & Policy 55 (January 2016): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.09.008.
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Odihi, J. O. "Haze in Southeast Asia: Needed Local Actions for a Regional Problem." Pure and Applied Geophysics 160, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2003): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-003-8773-8.
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Song, Linye, Shangfeng Chen, Wen Chen, Jianping Guo, Conglan Cheng, and Yong Wang. "Distinct evolutions of haze pollution from winter to the following spring over the North China Plain: role of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 1669–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1669-2022.
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Abstract. This study reveals that haze pollution (HP) over the North China Plain (NCP) in winter can persist to the following spring during most years. The persistence of haze pollution over the NCP (HPNCP) is attributed to the maintenance of an anticyclonic anomaly (AA) over northeast Asia and southerly wind anomalies over the NCP. Southerly wind anomalies over the NCP reduce surface wind speed and increase relative humidity, which are conducive to above-normal HPNCP both in winter and spring. However, there exist several years when above-normal HPNCP in winter are followed by below-normal HPNCP in the following spring. The reversed HPNCP in winter and spring in these years is due to the inverted atmospheric anomalies over northeast Asia. In particular, AA over northeast Asia in winter is replaced by a cyclonic anomaly (CA) in the following spring. The resultant spring northerly wind anomalies over the NCP are conducive to below-normal HPNCP. These two distinctive evolutions of HPNCP and atmospheric anomalies over northeast Asia from winter to spring are attributed to the different evolutions of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the North Atlantic. In the persistent years, warm North Atlantic SSTAs in winter persist to the following spring via a positive air–sea interaction process and induce a negative spring North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like pattern, which contributes to the AA over northeast Asia via an atmospheric wave train. By contrast, in the reverse years, cold SSTAs in the North Atlantic are maintained from winter to spring, which induce a positive spring NAO-like pattern and lead to a CA over northeast Asia via an atmospheric wave train. Hence, this study improves our understanding of the characteristics of haze pollution evolution from winter to the following spring and suggests the potential role of North Atlantic SSTAs to serve as an important preceding signal for haze pollution prediction one season ahead over the North China Plain.
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Firmansyah, Muhamad Ferdy, Nanang Rusliana, Siti Sarawati Johar, Haikal Zulian Maulana, and Zahra Firdausa Sunarya. "The Influence of ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution for Emission Changes in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v3i1.374.
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Environmental degradation is one of the many environmental problems that need to be faced by every country in the world. Both developed and developing countries can find environmental degradation problems in various conditions and phenomena. One of the environmental problems in Southeast Asia is related to smog. Indonesia is one of the countries with high cases of smog pollution, this is because the vast forest area with massive land clearing makes forest fires frequent. respond. The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution is an agreement to control haze pollution that occurs in the Southeast Asian region. This study uses secondary data originating from the Indonesia Central Statistics Agency (BPS) with a quantitative method approach. This study seeks to find the phenomenon of environmental pollution, economy, and emission developments in Indonesia. It was found that energy emissions, FOLU, and forest fires were the three emissions that were not affected by the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution policy. The policy that Indonesia needs to take is to improve energy emission, fire disaster and FOLU control.
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Chen, Jing, Sri Hapsari Budisulistiorini, Takuma Miyakawa, Yuichi Komazaki, and Mikinori Kuwata. "Secondary aerosol formation promotes water uptake by organic-rich wildfire haze particles in equatorial Asia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 11 (June 4, 2018): 7781–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7781-2018.
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Abstract. The diameter growth factor (GF) of 100 nm haze particles at 85 % relative humidity (RH) and their chemical characteristics were simultaneously monitored at Singapore in October 2015 during a pervasive wildfire haze episode that was caused by peatland burning in Indonesia. Non-refractory submicron particles (NR-PM1) were dominated by organics (OA; approximating 77.1 % in total mass), whereas sulfate was the most abundant inorganic constituent (11.7 % on average). A statistical analysis of the organic mass spectra showed that most organics (36.0 % of NR-PM1 mass) were highly oxygenated. Diurnal variations of GF, number fractions of more hygroscopic mode particles, mass fractions of sulfate, and mass fractions of oxygenated organics (OOA) synchronized well, peaking during the day. The mean hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of the haze particles was 0.189 ± 0.087, and the mean κ values of organics were 0.157 ± 0.108 (κorg, bulk organics) and 0.266 ± 0.184 (κOOA, OOA), demonstrating the important roles of both sulfate and highly oxygenated organics in the hygroscopic growth of organics-dominated wildfire haze particles. κorg correlated with the water-soluble organic fraction insignificantly, but it positively correlated with f44 (fraction of the ion fragment at m∕z 44 in total organics) (R = 0.70), implying the oxygenation degree of organics could be more critical for the water uptake of organic compounds. These results further suggest the importance of sulfate and secondary organic aerosol formation in promoting the hygroscopic growth of wildfire haze particles. Further detailed size-resolved as well as molecular-level chemical information about organics is necessary for the profound exploration of water uptake by wildfire haze particles in equatorial Asia.
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Nizmi, Yusnarida. "Kabut Asap, Ancaman Terhadap Human Security dan ASEAN Way." Jurnal Masyarakat Maritim 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/jmm.v5i1.3431.
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Forest fires and haze become annual trend phenomena of the failure Southeast asia regional and related institutions in prevention efforts of haze problems. Comprehensive Monitoring and rules enforcement to prohibition forest fires shows how authorized institutions have difficulties and boundaries to punish the land owners who burn the forests, and to stop cleaning land by burning the forest and land. This research describes the causes of haze occur in Southeast asia, the threats of haze pollution and why ASEAN through its ASEAN Way not success yet in solving haze pollution that contributes insecure human security of millions people in this region. This research apply neoliberal institutionalism approach and collect the data from library research. This research shows that in regional level, ASEAN continuesly do cooperation and formulate policies to solve the regional haze problems. In Ministerial Meeting Level, ASEAN has reviewed Regional Haze Action Plan and finally sign the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, an agreement which is binded and ratified all the member of ASEAN.
Keywords: Haze, Human Security, ASEAN Way
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Phung, Vera Ling Hui, Attica Uttajug, Kayo Ueda, Nina Yulianti, Mohd Talib Latif, and Daisuke Naito. "A scoping review on the health effects of smoke haze from vegetation and peatland fires in Southeast Asia: Issues with study approaches and interpretation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): e0274433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274433.
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Smoke haze due to vegetation and peatland fires in Southeast Asia is a serious public health concern. Several approaches have been applied in previous studies; however, the concepts and interpretations of these approaches are poorly understood. In this scoping review, we addressed issues related to the application of epidemiology (EPI), health burden estimation (HBE), and health risk assessment (HRA) approaches, and discussed the interpretation of findings, and current research gaps. Most studies reported an air quality index exceeding the ‘unhealthy’ level, especially during smoke haze periods. Although smoke haze is a regional issue in Southeast Asia, studies on its related health effects have only been reported from several countries in the region. Each approach revealed increased health effects in a distinct manner: EPI studies reported excess mortality and morbidity during smoke haze compared to non-smoke haze periods; HBE studies estimated approximately 100,000 deaths attributable to smoke haze in the entire Southeast Asia considering all-cause mortality and all age groups, which ranged from 1,064–260,000 for specified mortality cause, age group, study area, and study period; HRA studies quantified potential lifetime cancer and non-cancer risks due to exposure to smoke-related chemicals. Currently, there is a lack of interconnection between these three approaches. The EPI approach requires extensive effort to investigate lifetime health effects, whereas the HRA approach needs to clarify the assumptions in exposure assessments to estimate lifetime health risks. The HBE approach allows the presentation of health impact in different scenarios, however, the risk functions used are derived from EPI studies from other regions. Two recent studies applied a combination of the EPI and HBE approaches to address uncertainty issues due to the selection of risk functions. In conclusion, all approaches revealed potential health risks due to smoke haze. Nonetheless, future studies should consider comparable exposure assessments to allow the integration of the three approaches.
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Yogaswara, Ligar, and Ligar Yogaswara. "ASEAN Aggrement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. Effective ?" Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 14, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v14i1.19847.
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This paper analyzes how ASEAN can deal with the haze problem caused by its member countries and then cross their borders so that it becomes a common focus in ASEAN countries. Then ASEAN made an agreement for its member countries with the aim of overcoming the haze problem which was referred to in the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. Based on the question of the effectiveness of the agreement, the authors assume that the agreement is considered ineffective in solving the haze problem in the Southeast Asia Region. The reason for this is considered to be due to a set of norms adopted by ASEAN member countries in the ASEAN Way. These norms then make member countries solve problems by adhering to the principles of the ASEAN Way including non-intervention, consensus and so on. Responding to problems in developing countries in ASEAN which tend to prioritize their economy, making environmental problems such as smog tend to be sidelined. Therefore, this paper will explain more about the effectiveness of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in particular to address the haze problem in ASEAN member countries based on the ASEAN way.
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Islam, Md, Yap Hui Pei, and Shrutika Mangharam. "Trans-Boundary Haze Pollution in Southeast Asia: Sustainability through Plural Environmental Governance." Sustainability 8, no. 5 (May 21, 2016): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8050499.
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Cotton, James. "The "Haze" over Southeast Asia: Challenging the ASEAN Mode of Regional Engagement." Pacific Affairs 72, no. 3 (1999): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2672225.
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Heil, A., and J. G. Goldammer. "Smoke-haze pollution: a review of the 1997 episode in Southeast Asia." Regional Environmental Change 2, no. 1 (August 1, 2001): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101130100021.
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Radojevic, M. "Chemistry of Forest Fires and Regional Haze with Emphasis on Southeast Asia." Pure and Applied Geophysics 160, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2003): 157–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-003-8771-x.
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Zhong, Wogu, Zhicong Yin, and Huijun Wang. "The relationship between anticyclonic anomalies in northeastern Asia and severe haze in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 5941–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5941-2019.
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Abstract. Haze pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region has become increasingly more severe and persistent in recent years. To better understand the formation of severe haze and its relationship with anticyclonic anomalies over northeastern Asia (AANA), this research focused on severe haze over the BTH region occurring in December during 2014–2016 and examined the impacts of AANA. The results indicated that local meteorological conditions were conducive to severe haze (such as weaker surface winds, a stronger temperature inversion, a shallower boundary layer, and higher relative humidity) and were all closely related to AANA. During severe haze episodes, AANA remained strong in the middle upper troposphere, generating anomalous southeasterly winds near the surface. This effect not only promoted the accumulation of pollutants due to the unique topographical conditions in the BTH region but also caused warm advection in lower levels, which was the main cause of the formation and development of a temperature inversion layer. As a synoptic-scale circulation, AANA were accompanied by anomalous vertical motions in the surrounding areas, which weakened the meridional circulation over the BTH region. Intrusions of clean air from upper levels to the surface and downward transport of westerly momentum at mid-levels and upper levels were suppressed, resulting in weaker northerly winds near the surface and a shallower boundary layer. The thermally indirect zonal circulation between the BTH region and western Pacific triggered by AANA provided a persistent source of moisture for the BTH region, which strengthened the development of severe haze by promoting the growth of fine particulates. The advance and retreat of AANA often corresponded with the emergence and dissipation of severe haze, illustrating that AANA could be effective forecast indicators for air quality.
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Nurhidayatuloh and Fatimatuz Zuhro. "Haze-Free Pollution in Southeast Asia? A Review on the Related ASEAN Agreement." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v5i2.1141.
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This study examines the ASEAN Agreements on Transboundary Haze-free Pollution (AATHP) and The Transboundary Haze-Free ASEAN by 2020 as a vision of the eleventh Conference of Parties (COP). In the twelfth of the COP, it is adopted a roadmap which have eight items used as a strategic, action-oriented and time-bound framework. The finding of the study reveals that the strategy which has been establish becomes toothless its implementation because of the principle of sovereignty, non-interference and domestic policies that cannot be touched by the ASEAN community. This three principles is known as ASEAN Way. Furthermore, there is no available dispute settlement mechanism which has binding decision for the violation of the agreement. It can be concluded that the will in the agreement is not necessarily completed by the willingness and ability in the implementation. Amendment or additional protocol to the agreement is compulsory to strengthen the agreement in the implementation
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Ng, Kennedy YY, Wesley Yeung, Ka Lon Sou, Jie Xin Lim, Sai Liang, Ryan KJ Lee, Nigel JM Fong, et al. "Factors influencing protective behaviours during haze episodes in Singapore: A population-based study." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 50, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020614.
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Introduction: Haze is a recurrent problem in Southeast Asia. Exposure to haze is linked to ophthalmic, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and mortality. In this study, we investigated the role of demographic factors, knowledge and perceived risk in influencing protective behaviours during the 2013 haze in Singapore. Methods: We evaluated 696 adults in a cross-sectional study. Participants were sampled via a 2-stage simple random sampling without replacement from a large residential district in Singapore in 2015. The questionnaire measured the participant’s knowledge, perceived risk and behaviours during the Southeast Asian haze crisis in 2013. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed using comparative fit index (≥0.96) and root mean square error of approximation (≤0.05). We performed structural equation modelling to examine the relationship between the hypothesised factors and protective behaviours. Results: More than 95% of the individuals engaged in at least 1 form of protective behaviour. Knowledge was strongly associated with protective behaviours via direct effect (β=0.45, 95% CI 0.19–0.69, P<0.001) and indirect effect through perceived risk (β=0.18, 95% CI 0.07–0.31, P=0.002). Perceived risk was associated with protective behaviours (β=0.28, 95% CI:0.11–0.44, P=0.002). A lower household income and ethnic minority were associated with protective behaviours. A lower education level and smokers were associated with lower knowledge of haze. A higher education and ethnic minority were associated with a lower perceived risk. Wearing of N95 masks was associated with other haze-related protective behaviours (β=0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.37, P=0.001). Conclusion: Knowledge was associated with protective behaviours, suggesting the importance of public education. Efforts should target those of lower education level and smokers. The wearing of N95 masks correlates with uptake of other protective behaviours. Keywords: Haze, knowledge, N95 mask, protective behaviour, risk perception
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Hansen, Ayoe Buus, Claire Suzanne Witham, Wei Ming Chong, Emma Kendall, Boon Ning Chew, Christopher Gan, Matthew Craig Hort, and Shao-Yi Lee. "Haze in Singapore – source attribution of biomass burning PM<sub>10</sub> from Southeast Asia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 8 (April 18, 2019): 5363–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5363-2019.
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Abstract. This paper presents a study of haze in Singapore caused by biomass burning in Southeast Asia over the 6-year period from 2010 to 2015, using the Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME), which is a Lagrangian dispersion model. The major contributing source regions to the haze are identified using forwards and backwards model simulations of particulate matter. The coincidence of relatively strong southeast monsoonal winds with increased biomass burning activities in the Maritime Continent create the main Singapore haze season from August to October (ASO), which brings particulate matter from varying source regions to Singapore. Five regions are identified as the dominating sources of pollution during recent haze seasons: Riau, Peninsular Malaysia, South Sumatra, and Central and West Kalimantan. In contrast, off-season haze episodes in Singapore are characterised by unusual weather conditions, ideal for biomass burning, and contributions dominated by a single source region (different for each event). The two most recent off-season haze events in mid-2013 and early 2014 have different source regions, which differ from the major contributing source regions for the haze season. These results challenge the current popular assumption that haze in Singapore is dominated by emissions/burning from only Indonesia. For example, it is shown that Peninsular Malaysia is a large source for the Maritime Continent off-season biomass burning impact on Singapore. The results demonstrate that haze in Singapore varies across year, season, and location and is influenced by local and regional weather, climate, and regional burning. Differences in haze concentrations and variation in the relative contributions from the various source regions are seen between monitoring stations across Singapore, on a seasonal as well as on an inter-annual timescale. This study shows that even across small scales, such as in Singapore, variation in local meteorology can impact concentrations of particulate matter significantly, and it emphasises the importance of the scale of modelling both spatially and temporally.
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Xu, Jingsha, Xuhong Tai, Raghu Betha, Jun He, and Rajasekhar Balasubramanian. "Comparison of physical and chemical properties of ambient aerosols during the 2009 haze and non-haze periods in Southeast Asia." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 37, no. 5 (December 13, 2014): 831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9667-7.
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Sun, Jun, Jie Ji, Yurong Wang, and Harvest F. Gu. "Association of the Haze and Diabetes in China." Current Diabetes Reviews 17, no. 1 (December 4, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399816666200109095511.
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Background: China, as the largest developing country in the world, has experienced rapid economic development during the past decades. As a side effect of the rapid growth of Chinese economy, air pollution in the form of haze is harmful to human health. Introduction: China is also one of the countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes in Asia and has the largest burden of diabetes in the world. Recent evidence suggests a positive correlation between air pollution and the increased risk of diabetes. However, the association of haze with diabetes is still unclear. Methods: Based upon literature searching with PubMed, the information on haze and prevalence of diabetes in different cities or provinces of China is summarized. The possible association of haze with diabetes and the perspectives of haze research particularly in the prevention of haze in China are then discussed. Results: The exposure of long-term air pollution such as haze reduces insulin-dependent glucose uptake, leading to insulin resistance; damages beta cell function, leading to decreased insulin secretion, and promotes subcutaneous fat accumulation. Pathophysiological effects of particulate matters in diabetes through inflammation and oxidative stress were evidenced by several epidemiological and experimental studies. Conclusion: A better understanding of the incidence of diabetes caused by haze exposure may facilitate policy development in air pollution prevention and intervention design in diabetes prevention. Continuous improvement in air quality may help to reduce diabetes prevalence in China.
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Ku Yusof, Ku Mohd Kalkausar, Azman Azid, Mohd Saiful Samsudin, and Mohd Asrul Jamalani. "An overview of transboundary haze studies: The underlying causes and regional disputes on Southeast Asia Region." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v0n0.719.
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Air pollution is now ranked as the ninth worst scenario globally and is expected to be the most serious global issue by the year 2050. The objective of this study is to get information regarding transboundary haze phenomenon blanketing the Southeast Asia that has been happened for decades ago. Various techniques such as qualitative and quantitative techniques have been applied to get the informative input detailed out by previous researchers. The finding shows that that the smoky haze occurred in the dry season, which at this point, the activities of cleaning and ground maintenance being carried out by Indonesian farmers. Indonesia is one of the countries drastically affected by deforestation process where their forest loss is 2% yr-1 which is equal to 1.9 million ha each year. The establishment of ASEAN in 2002 would be a turning point in addressing on more reliance on prevention and cooperation than establishing a liability regime or adopting legal instruments to protect the environment. However, the reflection of so-called ‘ASEAN Way', which preferred on non-interference in other states has inhibited the reliance on strong regional efforts in executing a more effective action in order to address and combat the transboundary haze pollution in Southeast Asia.
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Lee, Hsiang-He, Rotem Z. Bar-Or, and Chien Wang. "Biomass burning aerosols and the low-visibility events in Southeast Asia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 965–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-965-2017.
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Abstract. Fires including peatland burning in Southeast Asia have become a major concern to the general public as well as governments in the region. This is because aerosols emitted from such fires can cause persistent haze events under certain weather conditions in downwind locations, degrading visibility and causing human health issues. In order to improve our understanding of the spatiotemporal coverage and influence of biomass burning aerosols in Southeast Asia, we have used surface visibility and particulate matter concentration observations, supplemented by decade-long (2003 to 2014) simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a fire aerosol module, driven by high-resolution biomass burning emission inventories. We find that in the past decade, fire aerosols are responsible for nearly all events with very low visibility (< 7 km). Fire aerosols alone are also responsible for a substantial fraction of low-visibility events (visibility < 10 km) in the major metropolitan areas of Southeast Asia: up to 39 % in Bangkok, 36 % in Kuala Lumpur, and 34 % in Singapore. Biomass burning in mainland Southeast Asia accounts for the largest contribution to total fire-produced PM2.5 in Bangkok (99 %), while biomass burning in Sumatra is a major contributor to fire-produced PM2.5 in Kuala Lumpur (50 %) and Singapore (41 %). To examine the general situation across the region, we have further defined and derived a new integrated metric for 50 cities of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): the haze exposure day (HED), which measures the annual exposure days of these cities to low visibility (< 10 km) caused by particulate matter pollution. It is shown that HEDs have increased steadily in the past decade across cities with both high and low populations. Fire events alone are found to be responsible for up to about half of the total HEDs. Our results suggest that in order to improve the overall air quality in Southeast Asia, mitigation policies targeting both biomass burning and fossil fuel burning sources need to be implemented.
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Huang, K., G. Zhuang, Y. Lin, J. S. Fu, Q. Wang, T. Liu, R. Zhang, Y. Jiang, and C. Deng. "Typical types and formation mechanisms of haze in an eastern Asia megacity, Shanghai." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2011): 21713–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-21713-2011.
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Abstract. An intensive aerosol and gases campaign has been performed at Shanghai in the Yangtze River Delta region over Eastern China from late March to early June 2009. This study provided a complementary picture of typical haze types and formation mechanisms in megacities over China by using a synergy of ground-based monitoring, satellite observation and lidar inversion. During the whole study period, several extreme low visibility periods were observed with distinct characteristics, and three typical haze types were identified, i.e. secondary inorganic pollution, dust, and biomass burning. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium accounted for a major part of PM2.5 mass during the secondary inorganic pollution, and the good correlation between SO2/NOx/CO and PM2.5 indicated that coal burning and vehicle emission were the major sources. Large-scale regions with high AOD and low Ångström exponent were detected by remote-sensing observation during the dust pollution episode, and this episode corresponded to coarse particles rich in mineral components such as Al and Ca with mineral aerosol contributing 76.8 % to TSP. The relatively low Ca/Al ratio of 0.75 combined with the air mass backward trajectory analysis suggested the dust source from Gobi Desert. Typical tracers for biomass burning from satellite observation (column CO and HCHO) and from ground measurement (CO, particulate K+, OC, and EC) were greatly enhanced during the biomass burning pollution episode. The exclusive linear correlation between CO and PM2.5 corroborated that organic aerosol dominated aerosol chemistry during biomass burning, and the high concentration and enrichment degree of arsenic (As) could be also partly derived from biomass burning. Aerosol optical profile observed by lidar demonstrated that aerosol was mainly constrained below the boundary layer and comprised of spheric aerosol (depolarization ratio <5 %) during the secondary inorganic and biomass burning episodes, while during the dust episode thick dust layer distributed at altitudes from near the ground to 1.4 km (average depolarization ratio = 0.122 ± 0.023) with dust accounting for 44–55 % of the total aerosol extinction coefficient. This study had illustrated a good picture of the typical haze types and proposed that identification of the complicated emission sources was important for the air quality improvement in megacities in China.
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Huang, K., G. Zhuang, Y. Lin, J. S. Fu, Q. Wang, T. Liu, R. Zhang, et al. "Typical types and formation mechanisms of haze in an Eastern Asia megacity, Shanghai." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2012): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-105-2012.
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Abstract. An intensive aerosol and gases campaign was performed at Shanghai in the Yangtze River Delta region over Eastern China from late March to early June 2009. This study provided a complementary picture of typical haze types and the formation mechanisms in megacities over China by using a synergy of ground-based monitoring, satellite and lidar observations. During the whole study period, several extreme low visibility periods were observed with distinct characteristics, and three typical haze types were identified, i.e. secondary inorganic pollution, dust, and biomass burning. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium accounted for a major part of PM2.5 mass during the secondary inorganic pollution, and the good correlation between SO2/NOx/CO and PM2.5 indicated that coal burning and vehicle emission were the major sources. Large-scale regions with high AOD (aerosol optical depths) and low Ångström exponent were detected by remote-sensing observation during the dust pollution episode, and this episode corresponded to coarse particles rich in mineral components such as Al and Ca contributing 76.8% to TSP. The relatively low Ca/Al ratio of 0.75 along with the air mass backward trajectory analysis suggested the dust source was from Gobi Desert. Typical tracers for biomass burning from satellite observation (column CO and HCHO) and from ground measurement (CO, particulate K+, OC, and EC) were greatly enhanced during the biomass burning pollution episode. The exclusive linear correlation between CO and PM2.5 corroborated that organic aerosol dominated aerosol chemistry during biomass burning, and the high concentration and enrichment degree of arsenic (As) could be also partly derived from biomass burning. Aerosol optical profile observed by lidar demonstrated that aerosol was mainly constrained below the boundary layer and comprised of spheric aerosol (depolarization ratio <5%) during the secondary inorganic and biomass burning episodes, while thick dust layer distributed at altitudes from near surface to 1.4 km (average depolarization ratio = 0.122 &pm; 0.023) with dust accounting for 44–55% of the total aerosol extinction coefficient during the dust episode. This study portrayed a good picture of the typical haze types and proposed that identification of the complicated emission sources is important for the air quality improvement in megacities in China.
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Zulkepli, Nur Fariha Syaqina, Mohd Salmi Md Noorani, Fatimah Abdul Razak, Munira Ismail, and Mohd Almie Alias. "Cluster Analysis of Haze Episodes Based on Topological Features." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 3985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12103985.
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Severe haze episodes have periodically occurred in Southeast Asia, specifically taunting Malaysia with adverse effects. A technique called cluster analysis was used to analyze these occurrences. Traditional cluster analysis, in particular, hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), was applied directly to data sets. The data sets may contain hidden patterns that can be explored. In this paper, this underlying information was captured via persistent homology, a topological data analysis (TDA) tool, which extracts topological features including components, holes, and cavities in the data sets. In particular, an improved version of HACA was proposed by combining HACA and persistent homology. Additionally, a comparative study between traditional HACA and improved HACA was done using particulate matter data, which was the major pollutant found during haze episodes by the Klang, Petaling Jaya, and Shah Alam air quality monitoring stations. The effectiveness of these two clustering approaches was evaluated based on their ability to cluster the months according to the haze condition. The results showed that clustering based on topological features via the improved HACA approach was able to correctly group the months with severe haze compared to clustering them without such features, and these results were consistent for all three locations.
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Abdullah, Shahino Mah. "Addressing the Haze: The Role of Local Traditional Cultures and Islamic Teachings." ICR Journal 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v9i1.140.
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The most frequent transboundary haze in the world takes place in Southeast Asia. It is usually caused by land-use changes, open burning, peat combustion, wildfires, and other farming activities. Serious haze occurred in 1983, 1997, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2015 and 2016, originating from large-scale forest fires in western Sumatra and southern Kalimantan, Indonesia. It caused adverse effects to locals as well as neighbouring countries, affecting their health, economy, agriculture, and biodiversity. Among the serious effects of haze are increased respiratory-related mortality due to toxic airborne particles, jet crashs and ship collisions due to restricted visibility, reduction of crop growth rate due to limited solar radiation, and extinction of endangered primates due to habitat loss. Neighbouring countries like Malaysia and Singapore sometimes have to close schools to prevent people from being exposed to air pollution, and its consequent respiratory ailments.
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An, Xiadong, Lifang Sheng, Qian Liu, Chun Li, Yang Gao, and Jianping Li. "The combined effect of two westerly jet waveguides on heavy haze in the North China Plain in November and December 2015." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 4667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4667-2020.
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Abstract. Severe haze occurred in the North China Plain (NCP) from November to December 2015, with a wide spatial range and long duration. In this paper, the combined effect of the anomalous stationary Rossby waves within two westerly jet waveguides on this haze event in the NCP is investigated based on observational visibility data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The results show that circulation anomalies in Eurasia caused by the propagation of anomalous stationary Rossby wave energy along two waveguides within the westerly jet originating from the Mediterranean were responsible for haze formation in the NCP. The Rossby waves propagated eastward along the subtropical westerly jet and the polar front jet, causing an anomalous anticyclone over the Sea of Japan and anticyclonic wind shear at 850 hPa over the NCP, which enhanced the anomalous descent in the middle and lower troposphere and subsequently resulted in a stable lower atmosphere. Furthermore, the anomalous stationary Rossby waves propagating along the polar front jet weakened the East Asia trough and Ural ridge and strengthened the anomalous southerly wind at 850 hPa over the coastal areas of eastern China, decelerating the East Asia winter monsoon. The above meteorological conditions modulated haze accumulation in November and December 2015. Meanwhile, continuous rainfall related to ascending motion due to Rossby wave propagation along the waveguide provided by the subtropical westerly jet occurred in a large area of southern China. The associated latent heat release acted as a heat source, intensifying the ascending motion over southern China so that the descending motion over the NCP was strengthened, favoring the maintenance of severe haze. This study elucidates the formation and maintenance mechanism of large-scale haze in the NCP in late fall and boreal winter.
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Park, Soon-Ung, and Jeong Hoon Cho. "Air Quality in East Asia during the heavy haze event period of 10 to 15 January 2013." International Journal of Energy and Environment 15 (March 24, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91012.2021.15.1.
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A prolonged heavy haze event that has caused for the Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) in Beijing to take emergency measures for the protection of the public health and the reduction of air pollution damages in China has been analyzed with the use of the Aerosol modeling System (AMS) to identify causes of this event. It is found that the heavy haze event is associated with high aerosols and water droplets concentrations. These high aerosol concentrations are mainly composed of anthropogenic aerosols, especially secondary inorganic aerosols formed by gas-to-particle conversion of gaseous pollutants in the eastern part of China whereas those in the northeastern parts of China are composed of the mixture of the anthropogenic aerosols and the Asian dust aerosol originated from the dust source regions of northern China and Mongolia. These high aerosol concentrations are found to be subsequently transported to the downwind regions of the Korean Peninsula and Japan causing a prolonged haze event there. It is also found that the Asian dust aerosol originated from northern China and Mongolia and the anthropogenic aerosols produced by chemical reactions of pollutants in the high emissions region of eastern China can cause significantly adverse environmental impacts in the whole Asian region by increased atmospheric aerosol loadings that may cause respiration diseases and visibility reduction and by excess deposition of aerosols causing adverse impacts on terrestrial and marine eco-systems.
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Ming, Chew R., Andrea Ban Yu-Lin, Mohammad F. Abdul Hamid, Mohd T. Latif, Nurashikin Mohammad, and Tidi Hassan. "Annual Southeast Asia haze increases respiratory admissions: A 2-year large single institution experience." Respirology 23, no. 10 (June 19, 2018): 914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/resp.13325.
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Zhang, Yan-Lin, Imad El-Haddad, Ru-Jin Huang, Kin-Fai Ho, Jun-Ji Cao, Yongming Han, Peter Zotter, et al. "Large contribution of fossil fuel derived secondary organic carbon to water soluble organic aerosols in winter haze in China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 6 (March 22, 2018): 4005–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4005-2018.
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Abstract. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is a large fraction of organic aerosols (OA) globally and has significant impacts on climate and human health. The sources of WSOC remain very uncertain in polluted regions. Here we present a quantitative source apportionment of WSOC, isolated from aerosols in China using radiocarbon (14C) and offline high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. Fossil emissions on average accounted for 32–47 % of WSOC. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) dominated both the non-fossil and fossil derived WSOC, highlighting the importance of secondary formation to WSOC in severe winter haze episodes. Contributions from fossil emissions to SOC were 61 ± 4 and 50 ± 9 % in Shanghai and Beijing, respectively, significantly larger than those in Guangzhou (36 ± 9 %) and Xi'an (26 ± 9 %). The most important primary sources were biomass burning emissions, contributing 17–26 % of WSOC. The remaining primary sources such as coal combustion, cooking and traffic were generally very small but not negligible contributors, as coal combustion contribution could exceed 10 %. Taken together with earlier 14C source apportionment studies in urban, rural, semi-urban and background regions in Asia, Europe and the USA, we demonstrated a dominant contribution of non-fossil emissions (i.e., 75 ± 11 %) to WSOC aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere; however, the fossil fraction is substantially larger in aerosols from East Asia and the eastern Asian pollution outflow, especially during winter, due to increasing coal combustion. Inclusion of our findings can improve a modelling of effects of WSOC aerosols on climate, atmospheric chemistry and public health.
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Yusra, Rani Nova. "KEPATUHAN INDONESIA TERHADAP REZIM ASEAN AGREEMENT ON TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE POLLUTION (AATHP)." Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) 1, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 79–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/fetrian.1.1.79-121.2019.
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The aim of this research is to analyse Indonesia’s compliance with the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) regime, where Indonesia as the main actor in cross-border smoke haze pollutions is in the spotlight in every forest fire that occurred in the Southeast Asia region which resulted in cross-border smog. This research is a qualitative research with data collection techniques namely internet-based literature study. The analysis in this research uses international regime theory and regime compliance with indicators of outputs, outcomes and impact. From the result of the analysis in this research, it can be concluded that Indonesia obeys the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) regime because Indonesia has succeeded in fulfilling the three indicators of regime compliance theory. From the outputs indicator, Indonesia has succeeded in making regulations and institutions, from the outcomes indicator which can be seen from Indonesia’s consistency in acting and implementing programs and from impacts indicator is proven by the improvement of the environment quality especially Indonesia’s forests.
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Sundarambal, P., R. Balasubramanian, P. Tkalich, and J. He. "Impact of biomass burning on surface water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: field observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 3 (March 25, 2010): 7745–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-7745-2010.
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Abstract. Atmospheric nutrients have recently gained attention as a significant additional source of new nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading to the ocean. The effect of atmospheric N on marine productivity depends on the biological availability of both inorganic and organic N and P forms. During October 2006, the regional smoke haze episode in Southeast Asia (SEA) that resulted from uncontrolled forest fires in Sumatra and Borneo blanketed large tracts of the region. In this work, we determined the composition of nutrients in aerosols and rainwater during haze and non-haze periods to assess their impacts on aquatic ecosystem in SEA for the first time. We compared atmospheric dry and wet deposition of N and P species in aerosol and rainwater in Singapore between haze and non haze periods. Air mass back trajectories showed that large-scale forest and peat fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan were a significant source of atmospheric nutrients to aquatic environments in Singapore and SEA region on hazy days. It was observed that the average concentrations of nutrients increased approximately by a factor of 3 to 8 on hazy days when compared with non-hazy days. The mean dry atmospheric fluxes (g/m2/year) of TN and TP observed during hazy and non-hazy days were 4.77±0.775 and 0.3±0.082, and 0.91±0.471 and 0.046±0.01, respectively. The mean wet deposition fluxes (g/m2/year) of TN and TP were 12.2±3.53 and 0.726±0.074, and 2.71±0.989 and 0.144±0.06 for hazy and non-hazy days, respectively. The occurrences of higher concentrations of nutrients from atmospheric deposition during smoke haze episodes may have adverse consequences on receiving aquatic ecosystems with cascading impacts on water quality.