Academic literature on the topic 'Hazardous wastes Incineration Environmental aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hazardous wastes Incineration Environmental aspects"
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Miškufová, Andrea, Alexandra Medvecová, Anna Kochmanová, Dušan Olčák, and Viktor Hronský. "Problems with Solidification of Fly Ashes from the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 832 (April 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.832.31.
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One of the negative aspects of MSW (municipal solid waste) incineration is production of hazardous fly ashes. MSW fly ash usually contains heavy metals like for example chromium, lead, cadmium and organic substances (dioxins, furans), soluble compounds (salts) and other harmful substances. According to environmental legislative and with respect to the environment fly ash as a hazardous waste should be stabilized before landfilling. This work deals with certain problems occurring at solidification process of MSW fly ash by cementation. This work also describes efficiency of stabilization by two different binders (slag cement and waste containing alumina and silica). Leachability tests by TCLP (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure) and compressive strength of original and solidified samples by use of uniaxial pressing were studied in order to find suitable parameters for effective stabilization.
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Grishina, Nina. "Environmental Aspects of the State of African Coastal Territories." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 60, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-60-3-110-118.
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To preserve the ecological balance and health of the population of the African continent, it is necessary to maintain the cleanliness of the surrounding rivers, lakes and ocean coasts. Oil production, transportation of oil and petroleum products inevitably lead to pollution of sea waters due to accidents on tankers, equipment breakdowns, and fires. Oceanic coasts are of great importance for the development of the tourism industry, which plays a significant role in the national economies of African countries. However, many coastal areas are contaminated with industrial and household waste, oil refining waste and sewage. As a result of the growth of cities, the increase in the number of urban residents and the development of industry, a huge number of substances that do not decompose naturally is discharged into water sources. Currently, domestic sewage in most coastal cities does not meet modern sanitary requirements, since the repair of old and the laying of new sewage treatment plants require large financial investments. In the interests of nature and human health, a number of international instruments has been adopted prohibiting the import of hazardous and radioactive waste, as well as the dumping or incineration of hazardous waste in the oceans and inland waters on the African continent. In some African countries, periodic clean-up activities are carried out on ocean and river coasts, but they are ad hoc and do not have a decisive impact on the state of contaminated areas. Experts of international environmental organizations have proposed a set of measures for the conservation and rational use of water resources: construction of wastewater treatment plants; mandatory environmental assessment of all major water management projects; development of measures to eliminate possible damage; control of new industrial installations and industrial waste disposal; design and operation of landfills based on reliable hydrogeological information and environmental expertise. However, these regulations are often violated, and solving the problem of coastal water pollution remains a distant prospect.
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Zhang, Jiahe, Zhenying Zhang, Jiayue Zhang, Guoyang Fan, and Dazhi Wu. "A Quantitative Study on the Benefit of Various Waste Classifications." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 26, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660927.
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Chinese economic development has continuously increased national municipal solid waste (MSW) output. However, the existing MSW classification method is insufficient and exacerbates several urgent problems. There are many factors to consider in Chinese waste classification (population, MSW production, food waste content, water content, economy, environment, and waste disposal methods). Based on research and analysis, MSW classification should highlight and implement treatment methods that focus on incineration, the distinct treatment of kitchen waste, and landfills as a waste disposal supplement. MSW is divided into five categories: kitchen waste, incineration, recyclable, hazardous waste, and other waste. Using economic benefit analysis, life cycle assessment, and radar chart analysis, a quantitative study is conducted on the classification methods of MSW used in Germany, the US, the UK, Sweden, Japan, China, and this study. The results indicate that a more refined classification can effectively improve many aspects of MSW management, especially regarding economic and environmental benefits, which are significantly affected. Effective MSW management can reduce the cost of waste disposal by 69.4% and greenhouse gas and acidic substance emissions and increase the energy utilisation rate four fold. This research is of great significance to environmental protection and the development of a circular economy and provides a reference for the management of MSW.
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Kubatko, Oleksandr V., Oleksandra V. Kubatko, Tetyana I. Sachnenko, and Odevole O. Oluwaseun. "Organization of Business Activities Taking into Account Environmental and Economic Aspects." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation 2021, no. 2 (2021): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2021.92.08.
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One of the most urgent environmental problems today is the pollution of the environment by emissions of harmful substances and industrial waste. The negative impact on the environment and people is becoming more widespread, and its disposal methods inhibit the development of the economic system. In a market economy, entrepreneurs are not interested in increasing environmental costs, which naturally lead to higher production costs and reduce profits. The impact on the environment is becoming more widespread every year and has led to an ecological crisis in some parts of the world. Waste recycling has been constantly discussed since a person “produces” more than 250 kg of household waste per year. At the enterprise, these figures reach 10 000 kg. In recent years, Ukraine has imported about 30-50 thousand tons of PET granulate, which is gradually accumulating in landfills in the form of packaging, bottles, films. Such hazardous pollutants affect the environment through soil and water. In contrast, Ukraine does not yet have successful experience in waste management. In our opinion, such behavior is the ignorance of the population about waste disposal and replacement of a particular product with a more environmentally friendly one. The functioning of enterprises and farms does not always have the equipment to dispose of waste, and there is no room for the disposal of unnecessary products and raw materials. However, the problem of lack of innovative equipment arises due to a lack of adequate funding. Therefore, the lack of possibilities for a comprehensive solution to the situation creates a barrier, which does not allow to take proper measures to eliminate and reduce the amount of garbage. Despite many regulations and legal frameworks for regulating waste management, there is no cost-effective policy, and there is no regional waste management program and plan for their proper disposal. It can be concluded that the recycling and disposal of waste will reduce the need for waste incineration, create conditions for improving the economic component of the region and the country as a whole with an account of environmental quality standards. The paper pays attention to the essence of waste disposal; identified ways to recycle garbage.
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Turskis, Zenonas, Marius Lazauskas, and Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas. "FUZZY MULTIPLE CRITERIA ASSESSMENT OF CONSTRUCTION SITE ALTERNATIVES FOR NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATION PLANT IN VILNIUS CITY, APPLYING ARAS-F AND AHP METHODS / STATYBVITĖS PARINKIMO NEPAVOJINGŲ ATLIEKŲ DEGINIMO ĮMONEI VILNIUJE VARIANTŲ VERTINIMAS AHP IR ARAS-F METODAIS." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 20, no. 2 (June 7, 2012): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2011.645827.
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Continuous increase in electricity and heat prices for citizens necessitates new alternative solutions regarding rational application of existing resources, in order to minimize electric energy production costs. The article presents the description of waste incineration plant siting issue, related to satisfaction of requirements formulated by investors, citizens, contractors and other concerned parties. As the siting process represents fulfilment of the above-stated stakeholder requirements, the multiple criteria task is defined. Seven local assessments of alternative sites located in densely populated urban and industrial development areas have been evaluated. The results of calculations show that the above industrial equipment units cover economic, social and environmental aspects. It was found that the most appropriate place for construction of waste incineration plants is the Paneriai industrial area. Densely populated urban districts can be referred to as the most improper location for waste incineration. The best results can be gained applying complex AHP and ARAS-F methods. Santrauka Nuolat didėjančios gyventojų vartojamos elektros ir šilumos energijos kainos verčia ieškoti alternatyvių sprendimų racionaliau naudoti turimus išteklius – mažinti energijos gamybos išlaidas. Nagrinėjama statybvietės būsimai atliekų deginimo įmonei parinkimo problema. Jos sprendimas susijęs su investuotojų, gyventojų, rangovų ir kitų suinteresuotųjų grupių poreikiais. Parenkant vietą siekiama atsižvelgti į šių grupių pageidavimus, todėl formuluojamas daugiakriteris uždavinys. Vertinamos septynios tam parinktų vietų miesto pramonės plėtros ir tankiai gyvenamose teritorijose alternatyvos. Skaičiavimų rezultatai rodo, kad tokio tipo pramonės objektų kūrimas susijęs su ekonominiais, socialiniais ir aplinkosaugos veiksniais. Nustatyta, kad tinkamiausia vieta atliekų deginimo įmonei statyti yra Panerių pramoninis rajonas. Netinkamiausia atliekoms deginti vieta yra tankiai apgyventi miesto mikrorajonai. Geriausio rezultato paieškai taikomas kompleksinis sprendimas AHP ir ARAS-F metodais.
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Mounsi, Frederic, Celestin Mountchissi, David Ikome Lyonga, Fils Thomas Roger Tchatchoua, Karen Maigou Pohowe, and Marileine Pricyle Eulalie Kemme Kemme. "EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF MEDICAL TRAINING: THE CASE OF THE MADINGRING DISTRICT MEDICAL CENTER, NORTH CAMEROON." Journal of Environment 2, no. 1 (August 3, 2022): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/je.977.
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Purpose: The environment is increasingly threatened by human activities. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the different activities carried out at Madingring Medical Center on the various environmental components.
Methodology: To do this, the identification, characterization, and evaluation of the impacts were carried out during several field works using the Léopold and Fecteau matrices. The analysis of the waste management system was done using the Ishikawa 5M diagram.
Findings: During the study, the real and potential impacts were identified on the various environments. The incineration of medical waste is classified as hazardous and the poor management of toilets emits polluting and toxic substances into the air, as well as unpleasant odors that modify air quality. The presence of stagnant water from the activities of the medical center due to the lack of good drainage degrades soil quality. Added to this, there is a development of algae and moss on the site. Concerning waste management, it appears that the Center does not have an environmental permit and a waste management plan, the sorting carried out is approximate, hazardous waste is incinerated illegally and others are dumped in landfills, contributing to environmental pollution. For each impact identified, corrective measures have been proposed and may make it possible to mitigate or eliminate the negative effects and improve the positive aspects, by implementing the environmental specifications.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: At the end of this study, some recommendations were made. These include training of medical staff in best practices and techniques for medical waste management, monitoring of the implementation of regulations on hospital waste management in Cameroon, information and sensitization of users on the social and environmental impacts of environmental degradation, as well as the best practices and behaviors to adopt within health facilities, the use of bins for the collection and sorting of waste, the creation of a pre-collection unit of waste within the health centers of Cameroon in general and those of Madingring in particular.
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Gannon, T., A. R. Ansbro, and R. P. Burns. "Incineration of hazardous wastes." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 19, no. 1-3 (1991): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00401302.
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Al-Dabbagh, Riadh. "Waste management strategy and development in Ajman, UAE." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 6 (2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021005.
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Population growth, social and industrial activities have increased significantly, resulting in an increase in the quantities of wastes in UAE in specific the Emirate of Ajman. Most of the waste is still not thoroughly treated and ends up in municipal landfills, where organic waste generates many gases such as methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Currently, little of the waste is burned, and the rate of municipal waste recycling has been rapidly rising. Waste management in the Ajman is coordinated through local authorities. For this purpose the UAE has set Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to measure its performance against its targets of 2021. To support the national efforts, Ajman is continuously seeking to adopt vital initiatives and projects that are positively affecting all aspects of life. Waste issues are handled through recycling and converting waste to energy and resources, new technologies and improved waste separation and collection systems. Ajman Municipality and Planning Department has initiated plans and efforts in waste management, including converting waste to energy, treating wastewater, and controlling the movement of hazardous waste. The programs are implemented with the aim to reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of the city, including by paying particular attention to air quality and all types of waste. The paper presents an overview of the waste situation and the management practices according to the Municipality's plans and strategies. It is concluded that Ajman still lacks an infrastructure for organic waste recycling for residents. This organic waste is a significant contributor to methane emissions from landfills. Challenges are to be solved, such as the lack of adequate waste sorting and recycling facilities in the Emirate and weak community culture to adopt waste sorting. Many practices started to be implemented by the Municipality, for instance, creating an incinerator used to treat non-chemical medical waste generated from hospitals & clinics. As a result, Ajman has witnessed a reduction in the quantity of waste dumped in the landfill.
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Dempsey, C. R., and R. C. Thurnau. "Pilot-Scale Evaluation of Incinerating Listed Wastes from Specific Sources." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0392.
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Pilot-scale incineration testing was conducted at the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Incineration Research Facility to support the development of best demonstrated available technology standards for the treatment of several hazardous wastes from specific sources. This paper summarizes the results of this testing for four of these wastes. The objective was to determine if these four wastes could be incinerated by a well designed, well operated incinerator based on compliance with the hazardous waste incinerator regulations and to characterize the incineration residuals for hazardous constituents. It was found that these wastes could generally be incinerated in compliance with these regulations. However, the mist carryover from the air pollution control device would have to be more effectively controlled to meet the particulate standard for some of these wastes.
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Filip, Gabriela Maria, and Valeria Mirela Brezoczki. "MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND PSYCHIATRY HOSPITAL, BAIA MARE." Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 32, no. 1 (2018): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2018.1.08.
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The paper presents several aspects of the general theme related to medical waste management and elimination in a health unit in Baia Mare. Therefore, non-hazardous wastes are collected like household wastes, being temporarily stored in euro containers and transported by S.C. DRUSAL S.A. The hazardous wastes are selectively collected in special containers, temporarily stored in an especially laid out storage unit and transported by the S.C. ECO BURN S.R.L company to the "Stery Cycle" Bucuresti waste incineration plan.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hazardous wastes Incineration Environmental aspects"
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Mayer, Kate A. "Laboratory chamber experiments simulating in-situ plasma vitrification for geoenvironmental concerns." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18990.
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Akki, Umesh. "Gas phase formation pathways and mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23157.
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Hung, Chien-ho. "Evaluation of leaching mechanisms and long-term leachability of metallic contaminants solidified/stabilized by cement matrices." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20761.
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Tsai, Yi-Chang. "A quantitative spatial thoroughness methodology for environmental site characterization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19503.
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Tlhapane, Keatlaretse Kefilwe. "A case study exploring the level of awareness of NCP Chlorchem's staff of environmental costs associated with hazardous waste." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015639.
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[Integrative executive summary] NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd manufactures and distributes Chlor alkali products such as chlorine, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda flakes, etc. and in the process generates both hazardous and general waste. Following changes in South African waste management legislation in 2011, the organisation’s waste service provider had to increase the costs associated with the handling of site’s hazardous waste. Top management of NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd requested a meeting with the waste service provider in order to establish the reasons behind the price increase. In that meeting, which the researcher attended, the waste service provider explained the changes in waste legislation and how it was going to impact on their business. Top management understood the reasons behind the price increase; however, they requested the waste service provider to review the price increase. The waste service provider gave the top management of NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd assurance that they were going to discuss the price reduction request with their own senior management and would provide feedback. The researcher did not participate in the feedback meetings; however, to this day, NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd still uses the services of the same waste service provider. The effect the escalating annual waste handling costs has had on NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s management team led to the study. Environmental impacts have costs that directly impact on company’s bottom line, such as the costs associated with the generation of waste. Although environmental costs are only one of the many costs incurred by businesses, they deserve management’s attention. According to Jasch (2003), there is an apparent lack of awareness and understanding of the magnitude of the environmental costs generated by organisations, and many opportunities for cost savings through good environmental management are lost. However, using a relatively new tool in environmental management, that is, environmental management accounting (EMA), management would ensure that relevant and significant environmental costs are considered when making business decisions (Jasch, 2003). The main purpose of the thesis is to explore the level of awareness of environmental costs associated with hazardous waste within NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd. In order to carry out the study, literature about environmental and cost accounting as well as literature on waste management was reviewed. Questionnaires were distributed to staff members, and meetings were held with different senior personnel. This case study seeks to answer the following questions: What is NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s staff members’ level of understanding of waste management? What is the level of awareness of NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s staff of environmental costs with regard to the generation, handling, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste? How can the current traditional accounting within the organisation be integrated with environmental management accounting? The findings of the first research objective revealed that staff members knew the site’s waste streams as per the South African legal definition of waste and as identified in the site’s environmental management system documentation. The conceptual approach to waste management is underpinned by the waste hierarchy. The respondents support the waste hierarchy in its approach to waste management, which is prevention of waste, reduction, reuse, recycle and safe disposal of waste as the last resort. Lack of awareness of environmental management, among other things, was cited as the cause of waste. In addition to that, the respondents believe the waste hierarchy can be achieved by employing recycling facilities, following procedures and by carrying out environmental awareness campaigns. Improving process design and control and including changes in raw material was cited, among other things, as the respondents’ perception on how waste can be reduced. The findings of the respondents’ understanding of waste hierarchy revealed that staff members understood waste management. The respondents cited the impacts of waste on the business as financial impact on the business, impact on their bonuses, and possible loss of business. In relation to the second research objective, it was found that staff members knew the hazardous waste streams and identified amongst other waste, sludge and chlorine emissions as NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s hazardous waste. However, with regard to environmental management accounting data, an average of 55.1% of respondents were not familiar with the physical and monetary components of EMA. An average of 19.6% of respondents who were aware of EMA might have been senior personnel. It could further be established that those who were familiar with EMA information were actually working with the data, either for reporting purposes, or for employing waste minimisation strategies, as well as awareness purposes, to their juniors. On average, 80% of the respondents perceived the production department as the area within site that has the EMA information.
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Robinson, Janet E. "Hazardous waste treatment and disposal: alternative technologies and groundwater impacts." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91066.
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The most important thermal, chemical, physical, and biological methods for treating hazardous wastes and the fate of their land-disposed residues are reviewed and evaluated. Technologies are described as major, minor, and emerging according to their stage of development or application to hazardous waste; major ones include rotary kiln, liquid injection, and cement kiln incineration; neutralization, chemical oxidation-reduction, and ion exchange; filtration, distillation and settling techniques; and activated sludge, aerated lagoon, and landfarming treatment. Emerging technologies include molten salt and fluidized- bed combustion, liquid-ion extraction and other processes, none of which are considered to be outside the realm of current or future economic feasibility. In addition, waste reduction strategies and the land burial of stabilized/solidified wastes are discussed. Residues from these technologies vary widely according to waste type and composition, but a common component in many of them is heavy metals, which, as elements, cannot be further degraded to other products. The results of the available literature suggests that these metals will be retained in clay liners beneath a landfill through the mechanism of cation exchange, with the adsorption of metals favored by their smaller hydrated size, lower heat of hydration, and in some cases, higher valences than the naturally occurring alkali earth metals. Other important factors include ionic activity, the pH and ionic strength of the solution, the presence of complexing agents, and the possible surface heterogeneity of the clay. In soils, metal binding through cation exchange with clay is augmented by adsorption onto iron and manganese oxides and complexing with organic matter such as humic acids. Many field studies with landfarmed metal-bearing wastes show that these mechanisms are usually sufficient to retain metals to within several inches of their zone of application.M.S.
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Woods, William Eric. "Copper migration through petroleum-treated soils." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722463.
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The purpose of the project was to determine the effect of various petroleum amendments on the migration rate of Cu. The petroleum amendments used in this research are frequently added to the soil surface in petroleum landfarming. Such petroleum wastes often contain significant amounts of Cu and other metals.Soil columns were amended with citric acid, used crankcase oil and Illinois crude oil. Each amendment was spiked (treated) with three different concentrations of Cu and each treatment was replicated three times. The columns were leached once per week, for ten weeks, with distilled water acidified to pH 4.5 to simulate acid rain. Leachate from the soil columns was analyzed weekly for total Cu. At the end of the ten week period, the soil was analyzed for Cu and TOC content at 7 cm intervals to determine the amount of migration by Cu and the organic amendments, resectively. The soil (a Glynwood silt loam) and the organic amendments were each analyzed for total Cu to determine background levels. The soil was analyzed for pH, TOC, electrical conductivity and soil texture.Analysis of the leachate and soil showed differential migration of Cu through the soil columns. Significant levels of Cu leached in the columns amended with citric acid (as high as 85.3 mg/L) in the first 3 weeks of the study. The Cu content of the leachate from columns amended with crude petroleum were at approximately background levels (5.5 mg/L) as was the leachate from columns amended with crankcase oil (0.2 mg/L). In the later weeks of the research, as the petroleum amendments were broken down by microorganisms, some Cu was chelated to small fragments of the petroleum and leached through the soil columns. Most of the Cu appeared to remain on the surface of the columns, bound to the petroleum amendments. Analysis of the soil, for total Cu content with depth, showed very little Cu accumulation at any depth in the soil column, beyond the soil surface. In most cases Cu levels remained near the background levels found in the control columns.Moderate correlation was found (r2 = .59 for crude oil; r2 = - .54 for crankcase oil; r2 = .85 for citric acid) between Cu levels and TOC levels in the soil columns with depth.From the results of the current study it can be inferred that practices such as petroleum landfarming and land disposal of some hazardous materials may allow for the migration of both the applied petroleum wastes and any metals which may be contained within.Department of Natural Resources
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Sorenson, Mary T. "Deterministic vs probabilistic ecological risk assessment modeling at hazardous waste sites : a comparative case study." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25303.
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Booker, Randall Sulter Jr. "Microbial reductive dechlorination of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20921.
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Yang, Yun. "Temperature dependent PCDD/PCDF product distributions from phenols." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20182.
Full textBooks on the topic "Hazardous wastes Incineration Environmental aspects"
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Chrystal, Cook S., ed. Hazardous waste incineration and human health. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.
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L, Cross Frank, and Tessitore J. L, eds. Incineration for site cleanup and destruction of hazardous wastes. Lancaster, Pa: Technomic Pub. Co., 1990.
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Brunner, Calvin R. Hazardous air emissions from incineration. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1985.
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Brunner, Calvin R. Hazardous air emissions from incineration. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1985.
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Landrum, V. J. Municipal waste combustion assessment: Medical waste combustion practices at municipal waste combustion facilities. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1990.
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Hazardous air emissions from incineration. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1986.
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Rosenthal, Seymour. SITE program demonstration test, Shirco infrared incineration system, Peak Oil, Brandon, Florida. Cincinnati, OH: Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1988.
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Rosenthal, Seymour. SITE program demonstration test, Shirco infrared incineration system, Peak Oil, Brandon, Florida. Cincinnati, OH: Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1988.
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1950-, Roberts Stephen M., Teaf Christopher M, and Bean Judy A, eds. Hazardous waste incineration: Evaluating the human health and environmental risks. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1999.
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Macpherson, A. S. Environmental health effects of waste incineration in the City of Toronto. Toronto: Dept. of Public Health, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Hazardous wastes Incineration Environmental aspects"
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Trehan, N. C. "Environmental aspects of hazardous wastes disposal in India." In Environmental Impact Assessment for Developing Countries, 124–30. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-1190-9.50013-1.
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Sapna, Sapna Raghav, and Dinesh Kumar. "Review Environmental Implications of Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste and Ash Disposal." In Handbook of Research on Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Plastic Pollution, 59–79. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9452-9.ch004.
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Rapid consumption of resources produces municipal solid wastes (MSW) in developing countries at the present time. MSW comprises the various kinds of waste present at different levels such as household products, industrial waste, biomedical waste, pesticides, sanitation residue, agriculture residue, building material waste, and so forth. The presence of solid waste in the water system is very hazardous and can cause severe health diseases in the human body such as dermatological disorder, respiratory infections, eye and blood infections, cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis, amoebic dysentery, anthrax, and so forth. Due to incineration of waste materials, the remaining ash is dumped into the water system so the amount of free oxygen in the water is diminished, which results in the death of fishes, beneficial bacteria, and worms, which play an important role in the fertility of the soil. This chapter reviews the challenges, methods, technologies, barriers, and opportunities associated with improving waste management worldwide.
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Gupta, Charu, and Dhan Prakash. "Novel Bioremediation Methods in Waste Management." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 141–57. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9734-8.ch007.
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Bioremediation technologies are one of the novel methods in the field of waste and environment management and are presently gaining immense credibility for being eco-compatible. Bioremediation using microbes has been well accepted as an environment friendly and economical treatment method for disposal of hazardous petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated waste (oily waste). Besides this, earthworms can be used to extract toxic heavy metals, including cadmium and lead, from solid waste from domestic refuse collection and waste from vegetable and flower markets. Other novel methods used recently for treatment of wastes are plasma incineration or plasma assisted gasification and pyrolysis technology. The technologies applied for conditioning include ultrasonic degradation, chemical degradation, enzyme addition, electro-coagulation and biological cell destruction. Genetic engineering is another method for improving bioremediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Transgenic plants and associated bacteria constitute a new generation of genetically modified organisms for bioremediation.
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Basnayake, B. F. A., R. T. K. Ariyawansha, A. K. Karunarathna, S. M. Werahera, and N. Mannapperuma. "Sustainable Waste Management Challenges in Sri Lanka." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 352–81. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0198-6.ch015.
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Sri Lanka faced many catastrophes in managing wastes because of human errors and climate change impacts. Consequently, government administrators with stakeholder participation drafted a comprehensive policy on all aspects of waste management and now requires planning processes in the national, provincial, and local authority levels. Evidenced-Based Interactive Database is under construction. It will be a platform for all actors to participate in managing all types of wastes, inclusive of quantity and quality of wastes. This chapter describes municipal solid waste management, including present status of technology applications with the emphasis on 3R to divert wastes from landfills. It contains reports on e-wastes collection programs and some processing, polythene recycling, hazardous wastes management, including healthcare wastes, disaster and construction and demolition wastes, informal sector and recyclers, economics of waste management, and case studies. Future directives are given with coupling of intended nationally determined contributions for sustainable waste management.
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Crawford, James. "15. Legal aspects of the protection of the environment." In Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law, 336–50. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198737445.003.0015.
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This chapter discusses the role of international law in addressing environmental problems. It reviews the salient legal principles: the preventive principle, the precautionary principle, the concept of sustainable development, the polluter-pays principle, the sic utere tuo principle, and the obligation of environmental impact assessment. It gives an overview of the key multilateral conventions covering traffic in endangered species, protection of the ozone layer, transboundary movement of hazardous wastes, climate change, and protection of the marine environment.
Conference papers on the topic "Hazardous wastes Incineration Environmental aspects"
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Cassidy, Helen. "Oil Immobilization Program at Sellafield: An Innovative Approach." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7065.
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Non-standard wastes — those defined as being both hazardous waste under the United Kingdom Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005 [1] and radioactive under the Radioactive Substances Act 1993 [2] — pose particular, unique challenges for radioactive waste management organizations [3]. Treatment and disposal routes for such wastes are limited, in some cases non existent, and generally not cost effective. A non-standard waste of particular concern in the United Kingdom, and indeed on the Sellafield site, is that of radiologically contaminated waste oil. The optioning process for treatment of bulk contaminated waste oil on the Sellafield site has assessed a range of options including incineration, chemical decontamination, physical decontamination and immobilization. Immobilization has proved to be a potentially useful option for oil wastestreams that fail to meet waste acceptance criteria for incineration facilities. Experimental development work has been undertaken at Sellafield during 2006 to test the suitability of an innovative technology for the solidification of waste oil with a cross section of wastestreams from the site. These trials have demonstrated that this polymer system is able to successfully immobilize a range of aged, chemically and physically diverse contaminated oil wastestreams and thus provide a potential solution to the disposal problem posed by this wastestream.
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Deckers, Jan, Rik Vanbrabant, Ronald Womack, and Mark Shuey. "Plasma Treatment of Problematic Waste." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1234.
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Abstract Worldwide a great deal of the low and medium radioactive waste inventory is mixed with hazardous wastes and different non-combustibles. The path to treating these wastes historically has been to sort combustibles from non-combustibles and process them separately through incineration, supercompaction, cementation or other encapsulating technologies. Special attention has to be taken due to the presence of hazardous constituents. The cost and health physics exposure for sorting these types of mixed wastes and treating the separated streams in specialized infrastructure is not optimal and leaves a great potential for further optimization. After several years of development, a commercially available high temperature treatment system has been developed and installed that treats heterogeneous low-level radioactive waste. High temperature plasma processing and unique torch design and operating features make it feasible to achieve a volume reduced, permanent, high integrity waste form while eliminating the personnel exposure and cost associated with sorting, characterizing and handling. Plasma technology can also be used to recondition previous conditioned waste packages that don’t meet any longer the present acceptance criteria for final disposal. Plasma treatment can result in many cases in a substantial volume reduction, lowering the final disposal costs. This paper covers the unique plasma centrifugal treatment principles and history. It also explains the roles of international partners that blend plasma, off gas treatment and nuclear expertise into one “best developed and available technology” (BDAT) for the treatment of problematic wastes.
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Barariu, Gheorghe. "Ethics of the Management of Low and Intermediate Radioactive Wastes Generated by Cernavoda NPP: A Challenge for the Romanian Specialists." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40226.
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This paper presents the design criteria and the prerequisites for the development of the Radioactive Waste Treatment Plant - RWTP which will comply with L/ILW Final Repository requirements to be built near Cernavoda NPP. The RWTP will be designed to satisfy the main performance objectives in accordance to IAEA recommendation and on basis of the Repository’s Waste Acceptance Criteria resulted from the local conditions. One of the most important technological aspect is related to the selection of technologies, which implies, on the one hand, the impact on present generation respectively incineration, radwaste transfer from the SS drums to CS drums, SS drums super compaction and spent filter cartridges cutting, and on the other hand, technologies that isolate for 300 years the tritium and C-14 in the Repository with impact for the next generations. The Saligny Repository will be commissioned in 2014 and in order to accept radwastes from Cernavoda NPP it is necessary that the radwastes are suitably treated for long–term radionuclides isolation. The conditions and requirements including many uncertainties and constraints reduce the possibilities to select the suitable treatment technologies for the Waste Treatment Plant designed for the radwastes generated by Cernavoda NPP, this selection being a critical case due to the limited storage capacity of existing Radioactive Waste Storage Facility. The necessary Radioactive Waste Treatment Plant implies a detailed analysis including ethical aspects of the selected technologies.
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Farrell, Paul, and Philip R. LeGoy. "Using Plasma Pyrolysis Vitrification (PPV) to Enhance Incineration Waste Ash Reduction in Ireland." In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1028.
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Ireland has been called the Silicon Valley of Europe. Like the Silicon Valley in the U.S. it has a large amount of waste created by the Microchip Industry. Ireland is also an agricultural country. A large amount of bio-waste has been stockpiled in Ireland. This is the result of recent outbreaks/epidemics of animal diseases in the EU. The current growth industry of Ireland is the chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Nine of the top ten pharmaceutical companies are manufacturing in Ireland. Wastes from these industries are often toxic and hazardous. They can contain large amounts of combustible organic compounds depending on their source. Since Ireland is an island it has special problems disposing of waste. Waste comes in as products as packaging and it doesn’t go out. The emerging solution is Incineration. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) can contain many forms of metal and chemistry under normal conditions. When a large amount of the primary industry of a region is chemistry based and agricultural based there is the probability of more than usual amount of toxic residue in the refuse. The ash from incineration contains items such as dioxins & heavy metals that are environmental toxins. Using a Plasma Pyrolysis Vitrification (PPV) process the volume of the resultant ash from incineration can be further reduced by as much as 30 to 1. A PPV process has an added advantage of giving an incineration facility the capability of rendering ash safe for reuse as construction material and as a side benefit reclaiming many valuable elemental components of the ash. The PPV plant can be used to destroy waste directly and economically as long as the gate fees are high. One byproduct of incinerator ash smelting/destruction using a PPV process is CO gas, a combustible fuel resource for power generation. Precious metals may also be reclaimed as an alloy material by-product.
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Ducharme, Caroline, and Nickolas Themelis. "Analysis of Thermal Plasma-Assisted Waste-to-Energy Processes." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3582.
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Thermal plasma torches convert electricity to high-temperature thermal energy by applying a high voltage across a flowing gas stream. Plasma torches are used extensively for producing metallic and ceramic coatings and also for vitrifying hazardous materials, such as asbestos-contaminated wastes. In the last decade, several thermal plasma processes have been proposed for treating municipal solid wastes (MSW). This research is based on a critical analysis of previous work by the Earth Engineering Center and on published reports and examines the possibilities for the proposed thermal plasma (TP) processes to be recover energy from MSW as an alternative to the conventional waste-to-energy (WTE) by grate combustion. In particular, this study will investigate two prominent thermal plasma technologies that are presently under development: The Alter NRG “Westinghouse” process in the U.S. and the Europlasma process in France. The environmental impacts and the technical economic aspects of plasma-assisted WTE processes will be compared to the traditional process of MSW combustion on a moving grate.
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Deuel, L. E., and G. H. Holliday. "Evolution of Oil and Gas Waste/Soil Remediation Regulations." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80460.
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The meaningful United States regulation of onshore oil and gas field waste/soil commenced in the mid 1980’s in response to a series of state, federal, industry and international initiatives. Most initiatives centered on the design, construction and operation of earthen pits used in the exploration and production of oil and gas (E&P). Prior to this time, earthen pits were constructed as needed by the operator and used in all phases of E&P activity. Chief concerns of the regulators were focused on what had gone into pits historically, what was going into them currently and was the E&P exemption excluding high volume E&P wastes from the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations justified. Several investigations, including the comprehensive field study by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1987, determined E&P wastes are ostensibly non-hazardous. EPA concluded regulation of E&P wastes under RCRA Subtitle C was not necessary. To this day there is no U. S. federal regulatory program with exclusive jurisdiction over exempt E&P wastes. Other studies, primarily industry and academic, focusing on land limiting constituents, management practices and pit closure strategies revealed sodium salts and petroleum hydrocarbon in the form of diesel range organics were the primary limiting constituents. One state, Louisiana, adopted the technical aspects of these studies and developed a comprehensive regulation known as Statewide Order 29-B, which was based on the concept of limiting constituents and defined post closure performance standards. These standards limited salinity, sodicity, total metals and total petroleum hydrocarbon (oil & grease) with values varying with respect to landform, land use and closure technique. Other states have adopted some of the concepts and criteria advanced under 29-B but none are as comprehensive. Obviously there is a need to control what goes into pits and how pits should be closed. The industry would best be served by adopting the concepts and standards set forth in the Louisiana 29-B regulation. A few of the provisions could be changed to make it more palatable to industry without sacrificing the protection afforded human and animal health, safety and the environment. Internationally, particularly countries in South America embraced USEPA protocol for testing characteristically hazardous wastes, but 1) without the framework to handle the relatively large volume of non-hazardous E&P waste generated and 2) no regulations or protocols for on-site waste management. Several operators, although partners with state owned oil companies, on their own volition, applied the concepts and standards under Louisiana’s 29-B to rainforests in South America and rice paddies in Indonesia. Canada and European oil and gas producing countries have developed stringent standards not based on science, which favor costly treatment technologies. Generally, these countries prohibit cost effective on-site waste management and closure techniques. This paper traces the evolution of waste/soil remediation within the United States and internationally. We trace the progress as a function of time; the impetus for regulation; and probable future controls.
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Ellyin, Claudine, and Nickolas J. Themelis. "Small Scale Waste-to-Energy Technologies." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5447.
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The dominant technology for large Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facilities is combustion on a moving grate of “as-received” municipal solid wastes (MSW). However, there are circumstances where a low-capacity plant (<100,000 tons per year) is required. This study examines the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of some small-scale WTE technologies currently in operation. The Energos technology was developed in Norway, in order to provide relatively small communities with an economically efficient alternative to mass-burn incineration with equally low emissions to the atmosphere and flexibility in feedstock. All operating plants treat MSW plus additional streams of commercial or industrial wastes. Prior to thermal treatment, the materials are shredded in a high-torque, low-rpm shredder and ferrous metals are removed magnetically. The feedstock is partially oxidized on a moving grate in the gasification chamber where the fixed carbon is completely burnt off. The volatilized gases are fully combusted in a second chamber and the heat is transferred to a heat recovery system for steam generation. The Energos gasification technology is currently in operation at six plants in Norway, one in Germany, and one in the UK. As expected, the capital cost per ton of annual ton of capacity increases with decreasing plant capacity, while there is a linear relationship between energy recovery and capacity. Some other small-scale technologies are investigated in this study and will be reported at the NAWTEC meeting. Low capacity (<80,000 tons) WTE facilities require a relatively small footprint (1.5 to 2 acres; <1 hectare) and it is believed that these facilities can be built at a capital cost per ton that is as low, or lower, than that of large mass burn WTE facilities.