Academic literature on the topic 'Hazardous substances Victoria Health aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hazardous substances Victoria Health aspects"
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Aho, Brett. "Violence and the Chemicals Industry: Reframing Regulatory Obstructionism." Public Health Ethics 13, no. 1 (February 22, 2020): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phaa004.
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Abstract When government actors seek to restrict the sale of hazardous substances, industry actors tend to intervene, deploying coordinated strategies aimed at delaying, preventing or weakening attempts to regulate their products. In many cases, this has involved deliberate efforts to obfuscate science, mislead the public and manipulate political actors in order to ensure desired policy outcomes. Strategies of regulatory obstructionism have resulted in the prolonged dispersal of harmful chemical substances with tangible impacts on public health. This article proposes that this behavior should be interpreted as a form of violence. Examining the regulatory histories of lead, benzene, asbestos and PCBs, the article demonstrates how regulatory obstructionism and violence have become intractable characteristics of the chemical industry.
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Munch-Petersen, P., and M. Lewis. "The Construction Material Pyramid - Integrating health and toxicity parameters." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012107.
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Abstract This article investigates how hazardous substances and toxicity information can be integrated into the Construction Material Pyramid [Pyramid] in order to showcase the potential health impacts of material choices in architecture. The current Pyramid indicates different materials’ upfront environmental impacts in the initial life phase of a building product, specifically in the Life Cycle Assessment phases A1-A3. The success of the Pyramid hinges on its communicative strength of conveying complex data in a simple format, easily understood by architects and planners. Can other aspects of material impacts be conveyed with a similar graphic ease to provide a more complete material assessment? Material health and toxicity is notoriously difficult to assess, as data is insufficient and hard to acquire due to proprietary concerns from manufacturers and lack of proper legislation to ensure transparency. The Pyramid has not yet dealt with health and toxicity as a parameter and there exists no predefined method as to how these problems can be included in a comparative model such as the Pyramid. This article’s first line of inquiry is to discuss a suitable methodology to disclose the potential health impacts of construction materials and their associated, often invisible, chemical products applied for mounting, finishing, mold or fire resistance. The Swedish Chemicals Agency’s and the European Chemicals Agency’s evaluation of substances will inform the framework for a comparative system. Secondly, the article will address how the model can graphically convey the potential health and environmental impacts from the production and construction phases of prime and associated materials. This augmentation of the Pyramid would enable architects and designers to more easily obtain information regarding potential health impacts resulting from hazardous chemical content and could provide incentives for selecting less-toxic alternatives. By drawing on H-phases and SundaHus’s product assessment, a ‘stop-sign method’ is used to indicate hazard levels of construction materials.
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Yayayürük, Aslı Erdem, and Onur Yayayürük. "Applications of Green Chemistry Approaches in Environmental Analysis." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 7 (October 15, 2019): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411015666190314154632.
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Background: Green chemistry is the application of methodologies and techniques to reduce the use of hazardous substances, minimize waste generation and apply benign and cheap applications. Methods: In this article, the following issues were considered: greener solvents and reagents, miniaturization of analytical instrumentation, reagent-free methodologies, greening with automation, greener sample preparation methods, and greener detection systems. Moreover, the tables along with the investigated topics including environmental analysis were included. The future aspects and the challenges in green analytical chemistry were also discussed. Results: The prevention of waste generation, atomic economy, use of less hazardous materials for chemical synthesis and design, use of safer solvents, auxiliaries and renewable raw materials, reduction of unnecessary derivatization, design degradation products, prevention of accidents and development of real-time analytical methods are important for the development of greener methodologies. Conclusion: Efforts should also be given for the evaluation of novel solid phases, new solvents, and sustainable reagents to reduce the risks associated with the environment. Moreover, greener methodologies enable energy efficient, safe and faster that reduce the use of reagents, solvents and preservatives which are hazardous to both environment and human health.
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Measday, Danielle, and Rosemary Goodall. "Measuring and Mitigating Mercury Gases in the Museums Victoria Collection." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e27044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.27044.
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For the past six years the conservation and collection management departments at Museums Victoria have been conducting a major survey to determine the type and extent of hazardous substances in the collections to better inform safe handling and storage practices. This paper focuses on mercury compounds in the collection, including mercury chloride applied as a pesticide, mercury sulfide pigments, liquid mercury used in scientific equipment, and mineral specimens such as native mercury and cinnabar. All these compounds can release volatile mercury vapour into storage furniture and have the potential to contaminate both the cabinet and other specimens stored nearby. Although previous testing had confirmed that the air in storage rooms and workspaces contained no detectable levels of mercury vapour, recent publications by Hawks et al. 2004, Havermans et al. 2015 and Marcotte et al. 2017 showing high levels of mercury vapour inside storage containers in herbaria raised concern that there could be higher than acceptable levels of mercury vapour building up inside storage cabinets at Museums Victoria. This prompted analysis of the headspace in cabinets using a Jerome J405 portable mercury vapour meter. Testing was informed by the results of previous hazards surveys using X-ray fluorescence spectrography to target cabinets where mercury vapour was likely to be present. Air from cabinets was sampled across the indigenous cultures, history, technology and natural sciences collections. Results showed levels of mercury vapour could be considerably above 25 μg/m3 the Australian time-weighted average (TWA) exposure standard for an 8 hour workday in cabinets of bird skins and indigenous artefacts treated with mercuric chloride pesticides. Results above 150 μg/m3 the temporary emergency exposure level (TEEL) were measured in the mineralogy collection. Mitigation strategies are being implemented to reduce the risks to staff health and contamination of other collection materials, including enclosing mercury-containing species of minerals in gas barrier film, venting high risk cabinets to dissipate vapour before accessing specimens, and engineering controls during the handling of specimens.
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Grishina, Nina. "Environmental Aspects of the State of African Coastal Territories." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 60, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-60-3-110-118.
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To preserve the ecological balance and health of the population of the African continent, it is necessary to maintain the cleanliness of the surrounding rivers, lakes and ocean coasts. Oil production, transportation of oil and petroleum products inevitably lead to pollution of sea waters due to accidents on tankers, equipment breakdowns, and fires. Oceanic coasts are of great importance for the development of the tourism industry, which plays a significant role in the national economies of African countries. However, many coastal areas are contaminated with industrial and household waste, oil refining waste and sewage. As a result of the growth of cities, the increase in the number of urban residents and the development of industry, a huge number of substances that do not decompose naturally is discharged into water sources. Currently, domestic sewage in most coastal cities does not meet modern sanitary requirements, since the repair of old and the laying of new sewage treatment plants require large financial investments. In the interests of nature and human health, a number of international instruments has been adopted prohibiting the import of hazardous and radioactive waste, as well as the dumping or incineration of hazardous waste in the oceans and inland waters on the African continent. In some African countries, periodic clean-up activities are carried out on ocean and river coasts, but they are ad hoc and do not have a decisive impact on the state of contaminated areas. Experts of international environmental organizations have proposed a set of measures for the conservation and rational use of water resources: construction of wastewater treatment plants; mandatory environmental assessment of all major water management projects; development of measures to eliminate possible damage; control of new industrial installations and industrial waste disposal; design and operation of landfills based on reliable hydrogeological information and environmental expertise. However, these regulations are often violated, and solving the problem of coastal water pollution remains a distant prospect.
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Park, John M., and Michael G. Holliday. "Occupational-health Aspects of Marine Oil-spill Response." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971010113.
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Introduction: This chapter addresses chemical aspects of occupational health and marine oil-spill response and is restricted to exposures to crude oil in its various forms. Thus in-situ burning of oil is included, but ancillary chemicals such as surfactants or bioremediation agents are not. The content of this chapter is largely based on the literature published after 1985, the date of a comprehensive review conducted by Politzer et al. [1985] for the American Petroleum Institute, and on a review carried out for the Marine Spill Response Corporation early in 1993 [Holliday and Park, 1993].Concern about health and safety is a normal part of every oil spill. In general, safety is easier to understand and address than are concerns about exposure to crude oil and other chemicals which might be used in the response. At one level, human exposure can be addressed through the enforcement of very conservative requirements for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). In the real world, however, conditions at a spill site make the use of such equipment inconvenient or even hazardous, and so the goal becomes to balance the risk from exposure with the appropriate level of PPE.While oil-spill cleanup is a comparatively new aspect of occupational-health practice, and dates from the formalization of response measures by companies and national and international agencies (something that occurred over the last 30 years), exposure to crude oil itself is a "mature" occupational-health matter. Workers have been exposed, both by inhalation and dermally, to the effects of crude oil for the past century. The exposure of response workers during the early phases of the oil-spill response can be likened to that experienced by oil-well-drilling crews and, to a lesser extent, by oil-well-maintenance personnel or fighters of oil-well fires. In contrast, exposures in the later stages of the cleanup are less clearly related to occupations within the oil industry. The crude oil will have been altered by weathering, and exposure to cleanup chemicals (e.g., dispersants, bioremediation agents) will become relatively more prominent. Such substances are beyond the scope of this chapter, and in any event, few data are available on the compositions or mammalian toxicity of dispersants. Although there are frequent references to toxicity in connection with dispersants, these invariably seem to refer to ecotoxicity. Human hazard does not appear to be an issue. For example, in a recently published paper entitled, "Effectiveness and safety of biosurfactants as agents of oil spill response" [Lepo et al., 1997], "safety" refers to possible toxicity to crustaceans and fish.
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Chaine, Cecilia, Andrew S. Hursthouse, Bruce McLean, Iain McLellan, Brian McMahon, Jim McNulty, Jan Miller, and Evi Viza. "Recycling Plastics from WEEE: A Review of the Environmental and Human Health Challenges Associated with Brominated Flame Retardants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020766.
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Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) presents the dual characteristic of containing both hazardous substances and valuable recoverable materials. Mainly found in WEEE plastics, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a component of particular interest. Several actions have been taken worldwide to regulate their use and disposal, however, in countries where no regulation is in place, the recovery of highly valuable materials has promoted the development of informal treatment facilities, with serious consequences for the environment and the health of the workers and communities involved. Hence, in this review we examine a wide spectrum of aspects related to WEEE plastic management. A search of legislation and the literature was made to determine the current legal framework by region/country. Additionally, we focused on identifying the most relevant methods of existing industrial processes for determining BFRs and their challenges. BFR occurrence and substitution by novel BFRs (NBFRs) was reviewed. An emphasis was given to review the health and environmental impacts associated with BFR/NBFR presence in waste, consumer products, and WEEE recycling facilities. Knowledge and research gaps of this topic were highlighted. Finally, the discussion on current trends and proposals to attend to this relevant issue were outlined.
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Ishchenko, Alla, Haiova Liudmyla, and Oksana Horkunenko. "Methodological principles for improving the professional training of doctors in the process of studying biological and bioorganic chemistry in the aspect of chemical safety." ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, no. 5 (44) (September 30, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2021.241453.
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Chemical safety is a component of general and professional competencies of future doctors, namely: general culture (handling of chemical substances, household chemicals); promotion of a healthy lifestyle; prevention of diseases of the population; protection and preservation of public health; providing emergency medical care in emergencies (related to chemical accidents). The article substantiates the method of improving the professional training of future doctors by integrating modern aspects of chemical safety into biochemical training. The potential of the discipline "Biological and Bioorganic Chemistry" as a tool for the formation of competence in chemical safety of future physicians, due to a combination of theoretical training (training material on the mechanisms of inhibition of enzymatic reactions by toxicants; inhibitors and disintegrants of oxidative phosphorylation; molecular mechanisms of action of toxicants; formation and disposal of endogenous toxins; biotransformation of xenobiotics) and laboratory workshops (handling of chemical reagents; modern approaches to hazard labeling and labeling of chemicals; toxicants’ action modeling) is substantiated. The method of studying the educational material of the discipline "Biological and Bioorganic Chemistry" in the context of modern ideas on chemical safety is described. It provides a comprehensive application of modern teaching methods (design, solving situational problems, laboratory experiments, simulating the action of hazardous chemicals, testing) and teaching aids (glossary of terms on biochemical aspects of chemical safety; video lectures and methodical recommendations for independent work of students). The stages of the study method realization of the "Biological and bioorganic chemistry" discipline’s educational material in the context of modern ideas on chemical safety are described. These are the substances’ handling culture formation; formation of biochemical aspects of chemical safety; integration of modern ideas in the field of chemical safety and biochemical components
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Buekers, Jurgen, Madlen David, Gudrun Koppen, Jos Bessems, Martin Scheringer, Erik Lebret, Denis Sarigiannis, et al. "Development of Policy Relevant Human Biomonitoring Indicators for Chemical Exposure in the European Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (September 21, 2018): 2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102085.
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The European Union’s 7th Environmental Action Programme (EAP) aims to assess and minimize environmental health risks from the use of hazardous chemicals by 2020. From this angle, policy questions like whether an implemented policy to reduce chemical exposure has had an effect over time, whether the health of people in specific regions or subpopulations is at risk, or whether the body burden of chemical substances (the internal exposure) varies with, for example, time, country, sex, age, or socio-economic status, need to be answered. Indicators can help to synthesize complex scientific information into a few key descriptors with the purpose of providing an answer to a non-expert audience. Human biomonitoring (HBM) indicators at the European Union (EU) level are unfortunately lacking. Within the Horizon2020 European Human Biomonitoring project HBM4EU, an approach to develop European HBM indicators was worked out. To learn from and ensure interoperability with other European indicators, 15 experts from the HBM4EU project (German Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Flemish research institute VITO, University of Antwerp, European Environment Agency (EEA)), and the World Health Organization (WHO), European Core Health Indicator initiative (ECHI), Eurostat, Swiss ETH Zurich and the Czech environmental institute CENIA, and contributed to a workshop, held in June 2017 at the EEA in Copenhagen. First, selection criteria were defined to evaluate when and if results of internal chemical exposure measured by HBM, need to be translated into a European HBM-based indicator. Two main aspects are the HBM indicator’s relevance for policy, society, health, and the quality of the biomarker data (availability, comparability, ease of interpretation). Secondly, an approach for the calculation of the indicators was designed. Two types of indicators were proposed: ‘sum indicators of internal exposure’ derived directly from HBM biomarker concentrations and ‘indicators for health risk’, comparing HBM concentrations to HBM health-based guidance values (HBM HBGVs). In the latter case, both the percentage of the studied population exceeding the HBM HBGVs (PE) and the extent of exceedance (EE), calculated as the population’s exposure level divided by the HBM HBGV, can be calculated. These indicators were applied to two examples of hazardous chemicals: bisphenol A (BPA) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which both have high policy and societal relevance and for which high quality published data were available (DEMOCOPHES, Swedish monitoring campaign). European HBM indicators help to summarize internal exposure to chemical substances among the European population and communicate to what degree environmental policies are successful in keeping internal exposures sufficiently low. The main aim of HBM indicators is to allow follow-up of chemical safety in Europe.
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Szejnwald Brown, Halina, Donna R. Bishop, and Carol Rowan West. "A Methodology for Assessing Carcinogenic Hazards of Chemicals." Toxicology and Industrial Health 2, no. 3 (July 1986): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378600200303.
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Assessment of carcinogenic hazards of substances involves evalua tion and classification of qualitative and quantitative data, includ ing the attendant uncertainty,. Recently proposed EPA guidelines represent a significant step towards a uniform carcinogenic risk assessment procedure and its appropriate use. The Methodology for Assessing Carcinogenic Hazards of Chemicals proposed here shares common characteristics with the EPA guidelines but it also focuses on other aspects of carcinogen assessment, not addressed by the guidelines, such as: folding together quantitative and quali tative data into a combined hazard index; classification of limited, incomplete or flawed qualitative data; utilization of quantitative risk estimates based on weak qualitative evidence. The elements are used to assess carcinogenic hazards of chemicals, qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative assessment consists of stratification into one of five categories of weight-of evidence, whereas quantitative assessment consists of stratification into one of four potency categories on the basis of carcinogenic unit risk estimate. Carcinogenic hazard index, codified in letters A to E, is derived from the quantitative and qualitative elements of assess ment in a two-dimensional matrix. The matrix is designed so that weaker evidence for carcinogenicity requires a correspondingly higher unit risk value for a given score. Assessment of 100 chemicals using our methodology shows a good distribution of scores from A to E. Group B, which can be described as moderately hazardous, is most frequently represented. The methodology represents a mixture of two possible approaches to assessing hazards of carcinogens: one which gives the highest rank to those likely to produce the greatest risk, the other which ranks highest those most likely to produce cancer in humans. By using this com bined approach, it is ensured that a chemical hazardous on either count is not missed. The methodology also makes maximum use of all available data without over-interpreting some highly uncertain procedures such as quantitative risk estimation or extrapolation of animal response to humans.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hazardous substances Victoria Health aspects"
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Medford, Marsha Kay. "Respiratory health hazards of artists in their studios." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277152.
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Artists are exposed to numerous respiratory health hazards in the production of art. Little is known of artists' studio behaviors or of their health beliefs related to respiratory toxins. The Health Belief Model hypothesizes that individuals require a minimal level of relevant health motivation and knowledge before attempting to prevent a health condition, as well as a perception of their vulnerability to health conditions they view as threatening, conviction in the efficacy of preventive behaviors, and a perception that recommended preventive action entails few difficulties. This descriptive and exploratory study, conducted within the framework of the Health Belief Model, seeks to determine artists' knowledge, health beliefs, and preventive studio practices related to occupational respiratory health risks.
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Degher, Alexandra B. "Effects of an industrial fire on a community of south Phoenix, Arizona." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30745.
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On August 31, 1992, Quality Printing Circuits, a circuit board manufacturing plant in
Phoenix, Arizona, burned to the ground. The fire lasted approximately eight hours, creating a thick,
black smoke that blew into the surrounding community. Emergency evacuation was erratic and
since no air samples were taken during the fire, community exposure levels were unknown.
Immediately afterwards, residents reported health problems but government studies on the
community were unable to link reported health problems and the fire.
Eight months after the fire, a local advocacy group performed a health study on the
community. The 690 people surveyed reported symptoms such as asthma, blurred vision, vomiting,
hair loss, rashes, and extremity numbness. The survey was never analyzed and the case was closed.
Community members continued to report health problems and five years after the fire, the US
Environmental Protection Agency reopened the case. They performed two sampling studies but
results found that chemical levels were below allowable exposure levels.
This thesis contains three chapters that investigate the political, health, and scientific issues
related to the QPC fire. The scientific chapter uses the EPA's ISCST3 dispersion model and a
mixed-box model, to approximate community exposure concentrations and compare them to
allowable human exposure levels. Results of the ISCST3 model show that four (hydrogen chloride,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Acrolein, and naphthalene) of the twenty chemicals modeled
were above government allowable concentrations. Inhalation exposure to these chemicals causes
similar symptoms as those reported by residents.
The health-focused chapter characterized health symptoms reported in the 1993 health
survey. Results found that symptoms experienced by residents were similar to those documented in
other studies of exposure to chemical smoke. The study also found that residents living closest to
QPC reported a greater number of symptoms than residents living further away.
The political chapter analyzed the debate as to whether QPC officials and government
agencies took the steps needed to protect the exposed community during and after the QPC fire.
What became evident was that a significant conflict existed between the interests of residents
involved in the QPC fire and the government agencies responsible for protecting them.Graduation date: 2004
Books on the topic "Hazardous substances Victoria Health aspects"
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Principles of hazardous materials management. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2009.
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Principles of hazardous materials management. Chelsea, Mich: Lewis Publishers, 1988.
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F, Goldberg Arleen, ed. Health effects of toxic substances. Rockville, Md: Govt. Institutes, 1995.
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F, Goldberg Arleen, ed. Health effects of toxic substances. 2nd ed. Rockville, Md: Government Institutes, 1999.
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Ajayi, Olukemi. N-methyl pyrrolidone: Chemical profile. Lowell, Mass: Toxics Use Reduction Institute, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1996.
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Peck, Stephanie. Hazardous substances: A guide for safety reps. London: Labour Research Department, 2010.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Subcommittee on Water Resources. Toxic pollution in the Great Lakes: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Water Resources of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, March 2, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
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Illinois. Environmental Protection Agency. Bureau of Land. Guide to household paint disposal: How to deal with unused or unwanted paint. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Bureau of Land, 1997.
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University, United Nations. Report of the Conference on industry, the environment and human health: In search of a harmonious relationship. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 1991.
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Wessinger, Hugh J. Improvements needed to control the disposal of PCBs: Statement of Hugh J. Wessinger, Senior Associate Direcotr, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Hazardous substances Victoria Health aspects"
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"Practice management." In Oxford Handbook of Clinical Dentistry, edited by Bethany Rushworth and Anastasios Kanatas, 739–77. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198832171.003.0019.
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This chapter outlines the fundamental principles of dental practice management including relevant legislation and guidelines. The key aspects of a safe and successful dental practice are covered such as the appropriate implementation of Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R) and Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations. In addition, the roles of the Care Quality Commission (CQC) and General Dental Council (GDC) are discussed. Postgraduate vocational training posts now known as Dental Foundation Training and Dental Core Training are explained. The chapter summarizes important considerations for managing a dental team effectively and ways to successfully motivate, train and reward staff are revealed.