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Journal articles on the topic 'Hazardous substance'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Betts, Kellyn S. "Hazardous substance research funding." Environmental Science & Technology 36, no. 1 (January 2002): 16A—17A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es022169d.

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2

Wang, Xing, Lai Wei, Xiuren Li, Fan Yang, Ying Liu, Chunhui Wang, and Yunlong Liu. "Laboratory simulation on drifting of hazardous chemical substance." E3S Web of Conferences 290 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129001003.

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The continuously increase of hazardous chemicals transportation leads to a high risk of chemicals leakage. Researches on drifting of chemical substances are of vital importance in damage reducing. Laboratory simulation on drifting of hazardous chemical substance carried out inside a wave tank at the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory. Different environmental conditions (wind, wave, etc.) were simulated in the wave tank to find out the influence of these factors on substance drifting and diffusion. To identify the difference between hazardous substance, floating ball and dyed petroleum oil were used to simulate solid and liquid floating hazardous chemical substance. The result revealed that wave can improve diffusion, the diffusion speed varies with wave height. Wind can drive surface substance, the drifting coefficient ranges from 2.1% to 3.0%, while liquid drifting coefficient is relatively larger. The laboratory results provide a basis for the study on the drifting and diffusion of hazardous chemicals at sea. Meanwhile, the coefficient could be applied as a correction in numerical models to improve prediction accuracy.
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3

Karpov, Boris, Grigori Joffe, Kari Aaltonen, Jaana Suvisaari, Ilya Baryshnikov, Maaria Koivisto, Tarja Melartin, et al. "Psychoactive substance use in specialized psychiatric care patients." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 52, no. 4-6 (November 2017): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091217417738937.

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Objective Life expectancy of psychiatric patients is markedly shorter compared to the general population, likely partly due to smoking or misuse of other substances. We investigated prevalence and correlates of substance use among psychiatric patients. Methods Within the Helsinki University Psychiatric Consortium Study, data were collected on substance use (alcohol, smoking, and illicit drugs) among patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n = 113), bipolar (n = 99), or depressive disorder (n = 188). Clinical diagnoses of substance use were recorded, and information on smoking, hazardous alcohol use, or misuse of other substances was obtained using questionnaires. Results One-fourth (27.7%) of the patients had clinical diagnoses of substance use disorders. In addition, in the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, 43.1% had hazardous alcohol use and 38.4% were daily smokers. All substance use was more common in men than in women. Bipolar patients had the highest prevalence of alcohol use disorders and hazardous use, whereas those with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were more often daily smokers. In regression analyses, self-reported alcohol consumption was associated with symptoms of anxiety and borderline personality disorder and low conscientiousness. No associations emerged for smoking. Conclusions The vast majority of psychiatric care patients have a diagnosed substance use disorder, hazardous alcohol use, or smoke daily, males more often than females. Bipolar patients have the highest rates of alcohol misuse, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder patients of smoking. Alcohol use may associate with symptoms of anxiety, borderline personality disorder, and low conscientiousness. Preventive and treatment efforts specifically targeted at harmful substance use among psychiatric patients are necessary.
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4

Jordan, DonaldL. "A hazardous substance project management system." Journal of Hazardous Materials 28, no. 1-2 (September 1991): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(91)87043-2.

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5

Hennebert, Pierre. "HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES OF BROMINATED, PHOSPHORUS, CHLORINATED, NITROGEN AND MINERAL FLAME RETARDANTS IN PLASTICS WHICH MAY HINDER THEIR RECYCLING." Detritus, no. 17 (December 16, 2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2021.15142.

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Flame retardants are numerous and some of them are (re)classified with time as hazardous for the man and the environment. A list of 69 flame retardants used in EU was set from three sources and their chemical properties were searched in their registration dossier at ECHA. Substance self-classifications (hazard statement assignment by the registrant) frequently indicate no hazard or data not available, while for the same substances a re-evaluation by ECHA is underway as persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic or endocrine disruptor. When the substance has hazard statement(s), the concentration that triggers the classification of a plastic as hazardous when it is a waste can be compared to the functional concentration, when available. Registration dossiers should be completed for the many “non-available” information. Of these 69 substances, 12 (= 17%) are used at concentrations greater than those making plastic waste hazardous and 13 (= 19%) are under re-evaluation by ECHA. These 12 or 13 substances should not become “legacy” substances which hinder the recycling of plastics. The sorting (mainly by density) and management options of these flame-retarded plastics are discussed. The technical concentration limit of 2000 mg total Br/kg for sorting should not be modified as it includes all organobromine substances currently reassessed by ECHA. A two-step sorting process is necessary to avoid the loss of non-hazardous dense plastics.
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6

BILIAIEV, М. M., O. V. BERLOV, O. I. GUBIN, O. Yu GUNKO, and P. B. MASHYKHINA. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION DURING AN EXTREME SITUATION AT A CHLORINE OVERFLOW STATION." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 6 (February 20, 2022): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.281221.14.810.

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Problem statement. The problem of forecasting the dynamics of the formation of zones of chemical pollution due to accidental emissions of chlorine at the chlorine overflow station is considered. There is a large village near this chlorine overflow station, so in case of an emergency there is a risk of toxic damage to people. From this point of view, the development of effective multidimensional mathematical models to predict the formation of zones of chemical contamination is of great relevance. The purpose of the article. Development of a numerical multi-parameter model and computer program for forecasting the dynamics of air pollution due to accidental leakage of chlorine at the chlorine station. Methodology. For mathematical modeling of the propagation of a chemically hazardous substance, a three-dimensional equation of mass transfer is used (the equation of G.I. Marchuk). This modeling equation takes into account different wind directions, changes in the vertical coefficient of atmospheric diffusion with height, the intensity of the release of a chemically hazardous substance, and the location of the emission source. For the numerical integration of the three-dimensional mass transfer equation, finite-difference splitting schemes are used. First, for the modeling equation of mass transfer, its physical splitting is carried out: the equations of transfer due to velocity and due to diffusion are considered separately. Also, a separate step is to change the concentration of a chemically hazardous substance due to the action of a pollution source. Next, a difference splitting scheme is constructed. At each step of the splitting, the value of the concentration of a chemically hazardous substance is determined according to an explicit scheme. Scientific novelty. A numerical model is proposed to calculate the dynamics of accidental air pollution due to the release of chemically hazardous substances. The mathematical model takes into account the physical factors that significantly affect the process of distribution of chemically hazardous substances in the atmosphere. Practical significance. Based on the developed model, a code is created that allows you to quickly calculate the process of accidental air pollution. The mathematical model can be used in developing an emergency response plan. Conclusions. The developed mathematical model and the computer code that implements it allow us to study the dynamics of the spread of chemically hazardous substances in the air. The developed computer program can be implemented on low and medium power computers. The results of a computational experiment are presented.
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7

Patočka, Jiří, and Zdeněk Hon. "Ethylene Glycol, Hazardous Substance in the Household." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 53, no. 1 (2010): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2016.58.

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Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting but poisonous type of alcohol found in many household products. The major use of ethylene glycol is as an antifreeze in, for example, automobiles, in air conditioning systems, in de-icing fluid for windshields, and else. People sometimes drink ethylene glycol mistakenly or on purpose as a substitute for alcohol. Ethylene glycol is toxic, and its drinking should be considered a medical emergency. The major danger from ethylene glycol is following ingestion. Due to its sweet taste, peoples and occasionally animals will sometimes consume large quantities of it if given access to antifreeze. While ethylene glycol itself has a relatively low degree of toxicity, its metabolites are responsible for extensive cellular damage to various tissues, especially the kidneys. This injury is caused by the metabolites, glycolic and oxalic acid and their respective salts, through crystal formation and possibly other mechanisms. Toxic metabolites of ethylene glycol can damage the brain, liver, kidneys, and lungs. The poisoning causes disturbances in the metabolism pathways, including metabolic acidosis. The disturbances may be severe enough to cause profound shock, organ failure, and death. Ethylene glycol is a common poisoning requiring antidotal treatment.
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8

Hall, H. Irene, V. Ramana Dhara, Wendy E. Kaye, and Patricia Price-Green. "Public Health Consequences of Hazardous Substance Releases." Toxicology and Industrial Health 12, no. 2 (March 1996): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379601200216.

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9

Neufer, Lynelle, and Diane Narkunas. "Hazardous Substance Releases at the Community Level." AAOHN Journal 42, no. 7 (July 1994): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999404200704.

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10

Park, Hye min, Ae Gyeong Kim, Yong shik Yang, Su Yeon Choi, Doo Ri Seo, Bae Sik Cho, Kye Won Seo, and Jinhee Kim. "Investigation of Unintentionally Hazardous Substance in Teas." Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety 35, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2020.35.2.162.

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11

Buckman, A. Bruce. "Fiber optic trace level hazardous substance sensor." Waste Management 13, no. 5-7 (January 1993): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-053x(93)90090-j.

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12

Bennett, GaryF. "The practical approach to hazardous substance accidents." Journal of Hazardous Materials 37, no. 2 (May 1994): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(94)80003-0.

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13

Appleby, Emily, and Peter J. Shaw. "NAIL VARNISH PACKAGING AND RESIDUE WASTES: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS." Detritus, no. 19 (June 30, 2022): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15192.

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As global consumption of nail varnish grows, quantities of packaging waste and residues will increase. End-of-use decisions for nail varnish have implications. Residues contain some hazardous substances, whilst packaging has potential for valorization. The extent of problems related to the disposal of end-of-use nail varnish products remains unclear. This study aimed to gain evidence to inform potential management measures. An inventory of hazardous substances in nail varnish products available in the UK was compiled to ascertain their potential for harm to the environment and/or human health. Discarded samples of end-of-use nail varnish products were then collected from volunteers in the UK to determine weights of packaging materials and residues. A parallel survey explored UK consumers’ means of disposal and opportunities for positive change. All the brands examined contained at least one hazardous substance; over a hundred hazardous substances were identified in total for the 24 samples audited. Hazards to human health were most common. On average, 7.2g of nail varnish remained in bottles at the point of disposal. Average weights for glass bottles and plastic lids/applicators were 28.5g and 5.6g, respectively. End-of-use products thus generate small quantities of residues and packaging, but the cumulative impacts are potentially substantial. Disposal of end-of-use products with general household waste was evident: this leads to contamination of non-hazardous waste and fails to valorize the materials lost. Collection schemes for end-of-use nail varnish offer a possible way forward, but would benefit from fuller understanding of the potential for consumer engagement.
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14

Semko, Zhanna. "HAZARD LABELS. LABEL DESIGN, APPLICATION AND USAGE RULES." Railbound Rolling Stock, no. 23 (December 16, 2021): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.47675/2304-6309-2021-23-83-100.

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One of the distinctive features of today is the presence in our life of substances, by-products that pose a hazard to human health, a threat to the environment, but without which the production process of other goods is impossible and we cannot imagine our existence, that is, electrical energy generation by the use of nuclear fuel, mineral fertilizers, various kinds of substances in the chemical industry from conditionally hazardous to very hazardous. All of these substances need to be transported from production site to the place of use. Therefore, the question arises, i.e., if these dangerous substances are necessary for production of other very necessary and useful goods, how to protect those people who can suffer during their manufacture, transportation and use. It turns out that the answer is almost on the surface. Generating of hazardous substance primarily raises the need to develop measures for protection against their impact, or at least minimize it. This paper analyses the issues of prevention and minimization of the dangerous substances effect on the people, environment while transporting by analyzing classes, sub-classes, categories of dangerous substances categories. The classification of dangerous substances, labels designs, guidance on their application and use are given. Rules and obligations of dangerous cargoes transportation entities are specified. Key words: hazardous substances, classification of hazardous substances, hazard warning signs, methods and means of application, marking rules.
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15

Biedenkopf, Katja. "Hazardous Substances in Electronics: The Effects of European Union Risk Regulation on China." European Journal of Risk Regulation 3, no. 4 (December 2012): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00002415.

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This article argues that European Union (EU) risk regulation of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) was both a trigger and formative factor in the development of similar Chinese regulation. The attractiveness and global interdependence of the EU market in EEE impelled a response from Chinese policy-makers. Fostering the domestic industry's global competitiveness was one of the driving factors behind Chinese substance restriction regulation. Additionally, symbolic emulation and growing domestic environmental problems related to waste EEE infl uenced the Chinese policy agenda. Chinese substance restriction rules are not, however, a mere copy of EU regulation. The limited domestic capacity of the Chinese economy, administration, and legal structure to adopt policies similar to those of the EU explains, to a large extent, the emergence and partial persistence of differences between EU and Chinese risk regulation. In the course of the implementation and evaluation of Chinese substance restriction regulation, lessons learned from the EU’s experience increasingly contributed to shaping the policy, leading to growing convergence.
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16

Breuer, D., B. Flemming, T. Sye, S. Auras, O. Heise, I. Thullner, T. von der Heyden, C. Möhlmann, and P. Welge. "Gefahrstoffbelastung auf dem Flughafenvorfeld – Teil 2: Gefahrstoffexpositionen/Hazardous substances on the airport apron – Part 2: hazardous substance exposure levels." Gefahrstoffe 79, no. 11-12 (2019): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0949-8036-2019-11-12-14.

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Flughäfen sind hochkomplexe Arbeitsbereiche mit vielfältigen Tätigkeiten und Gefährdungen. In Teil 1 dieser Veröffentlichung haben die Unfallversicherungsträger (UVT) 2018 die wesentlichen Arbeitsbereiche eines Flughafenvorfelds charakterisiert und mögliche Gefahrstoffbelastungen beschrieben. In diesem Teil werden nun Ergebnisse der am häufigsten gemessenen Gefahrstoffe Dieselrußemissionen, alveolengängige und einatembare Staubfraktion, Benzol, Kohlenwasserstoffgemische (Bewertung nach RCP), polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe und flüchtige organische Verbindungen (volatile organic compounds, VOC) zusammengestellt. Nicht selten erfolgten diese Messungen unter Worst-Case-Bedingungen, die Ergebnisse liegen in der Regel deutlich unter den Grenzwerten für Arbeitsplätze. Daher gehen die UVT davon aus, dass die Messwerte als gesundheitlich unbedenklich einzustufen sind. Weiterhin werden Messergebnisse zu ultrafeinen Partikeln vorgestellt. Diese Messungen fanden ebenfalls unter Worst-Case-Bedingungen statt, sodass die Mess- ergebnisse in der Regel höher sind als in bisherigen Studien. Die Unterschiede lassen sich durch die Messstrategie erklären. Darüber hinaus enthält dieser Artikel Erkenntnisse zum Biomonitoring bei Beschäftigten auf dem Flughafenvorfeld.
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17

Poznyak, V., G. M. Reed, and M. E. Medina-Mora. "Aligning the ICD-11 classification of disorders due to substance use with global service needs." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796017000622.

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The use of psychoactive, potentially dependence-producing substances is highly prevalent around the world, and contributes substantially to global disease burden. There is a major gap between the need for treatment for substance use disorders. Changes proposed for the classification of substance use disorders in the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, based on a public health approach, have important implications for the conceptualisation, structure and availability of services. These include: (1) an updated and expanded range of substance classes; (2) greater specification of different harmful patterns of substance use, which may be continuous or episodic and recurrent; (3) a new category to denote single episodes of harmful use; (4) a category describing hazardous use of substances; and (5) simplification of diagnostic guidelines for substance dependence. This paper describes these changes and the opportunities they present for improved prevention, treatment, monitoring and health policy.
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18

Mostardinha, António Ramalho, Ana Bártolo, José Bonifácio, and Anabela Pereira. "Validação do The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) em Estudantes Universitários." Acta Médica Portuguesa 32, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.10650.

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Introduction: The present study aims to culturally adapt and explore the psychometric properties of Portuguese version of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, among university students.Material and Methods: A validation, cross-sectional study, with data collected through a questionnaire comprised of sociodemographic and substance consumption measures (Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence; Drinking Motives Questionnaire – Revised, and The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test version 3.1). The sample was composed by 338 students (51.8% male), with a mean age of 20.6 years old (standard deviation = 3.4). To examine the factor structure, an exploratory factor analysis was performed. The internal consistency and convergent validity were also evaluated.Results: The ‘Tobacco’ and ‘Cannabis’ subscales were composed by 1 factor and ‘Alcoholic Beverages’ by 2 factors. Internal consistency ranged between 0.556 and 0.842 (Cronbach’s ɑ). Statistically significant associations were observed between being a current smoker, binge-drinking and drinking motives with hazardous consumption (subscales ‘Tobacco’, ‘Alcoholic Beverages’ and ‘Cannabis’).Discussion: The observed associations between hazardous consumption, consumption motives and behaviors, may be explained by the relation between alcohol consumption (as part of the academic experience) with substances consumption behavior and polydrug consumption, supporting the adequate convergent validity observed. Also, peer pressure may influence these consumption behaviors.Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (‘Tobacco’, ‘Alcoholic Beverages’ and ‘Cannabis’) presented satisfactory psychometric characteristics, showing that it is an adequate instrument to assess hazardous consumption behaviors among university students.
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19

Moiseenko, A. Yu. "CRYSTALLINE SILICA — A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE IN CONSTRUCTION WORKS." Chronos 6, no. 4(54) (April 13, 2021): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-54-4-6.

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20

Quesada, Odayme, Nathan Gotman, Heather B. Howell, Edmund F. Funai, Bruce J. Rounsaville, and Kimberly A. Yonkers. "Prenatal hazardous substance use and adverse birth outcomes." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 25, no. 8 (May 11, 2012): 1222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2011.602143.

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21

&NA;. "Sorbents for Liquid Hazardous Substance Cleanup and Control." Soil Science 146, no. 6 (December 1988): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198812000-00011.

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22

Lodge, James P. "Sorbents for liquid hazardous substance cleanup and control." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 23, no. 4 (January 1989): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90508-8.

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23

Akers, Richard J. "Reference manual of countermeasures for hazardous substance releases." Chemical Engineering Journal 43, no. 2 (April 1990): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9467(90)80005-w.

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24

Dunford, Richard W. "Estimating Ground-Water Damages from Hazardous-Substance Releases." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 126, no. 6 (December 2000): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2000)126:6(366).

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25

Chou, C.-H. Selene Jen, and Mildred Williams-Johnson. "Health Effects Classification and Its Role in the Derivation of Minimal Risk Levels: Neurological Effects." Toxicology and Industrial Health 14, no. 3 (May 1998): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379801400305.

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The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses substance-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. By definition, "MRLs are estimates of daily human exposure to a chemical that are likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure. " MRLs serve as screening levels for health assessors to identify contaminants and potential health effects that may be of concern for population living near hazardous waste sites and chemical releases. MRLs for each substance are derived for acute (1-14 days), intermediate (15-364 days), and chronic (365 days and longer) exposure durations, and for the oral and inhalation routes of exposure. The MRLs are derived from data compiled from a current comprehensive literature search and are presented in ATSDR's toxicological profile for that substance. In this paper we outline ATSDR's guidance for evaluating the neurological end point as discussed in the agency's toxicological profiles. Ranking neurological effects into less serious and serious categories and applying this procedure to the derivation of health guidance values or MRLs are also described. Specific examples of ATSDR MRLs based on neurological effects are presented.
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26

Sergeeva, Darya V., and Pyotr P. Purygin. "Analysis of branching of sunflower roots under the influence of external factors." Butlerov Communications 60, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-11-75.

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Oil is an environmentally hazardous substance of class 3 (moderately hazardous substances). However, during transportation, oil is classified as hazard class 1 and 2 (extremely hazardous and highly hazardous substances), since during transportation of oil and oil products there is a likelihood of spills of hazardous substances as a result of an oil pipeline breakdown, emergency wagon-tank wagon derailment during transportation by rail, oil tanker wrecks and accidents. Getting into the soil, soil microflora degradation occurs, respiratory processes are disrupted and the composition of humus and soil microorganisms changes. Hydrophobic compounds are especially dangerous for the roots of plants, which impede the flow of moisture and nutrients. The experiment of germination of sunflower seeds using various external factors, such as oil pollution in different concentrations (0.5%, 0.9%, 2.9%, 4.7%) and pre-processing of the gradient magnetic field. Magnetic field treatment was carried out with the help of a small-sized magnetoplasmic unit UMP-2. Comparative analysis of the root system of sunflower was carried out after germination in rolls of filter paper, planting of germinated seeds in universal soil for 30 days of plant growth. The obtained data indicate the stimulating effect of the magnetic field not only on the germination and growth parameters of plants, but also on the root system.
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Kwon, Hyeogsic, Dae-Hoon Kwak, and Wangyoul Ko. "Measures to Improve Safety Management of Small-Scale Hazardous Substance Factories." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 22, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2022.22.1.95.

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Although fires in plants that manufacture hazardous materials do not occur frequently, the damages caused in a single such event are relatively large. Thus, it is essential to establish a safety management system for such factories. The primary aim of this study is to propose the improvement measures based on the analysis of standards according to the Dangerous Substances Safety Management Act, fire site surveys, and complete inspection of small-scale factories manufacturing dangerous substances. The specifications of the open holding area should be greater in number than the designated quantity; for example, the lightning rods should be mandatorily installed in a quantity of 10 times or more than the designated one. Other suggested measures include mandatory preparation of preventive regulations and regular inspection of all manufacturing plants by an external safety management agency, mandatory reporting and on-the-job training for substitutes of hazardous substance safety managers, and conducting a minimum qualification test for the post of safety manager and ensure that only those who have passed the test are employed. The existing laws and regulations should be amended to ensure that accidents can be prevented through systematic safety management.
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FUNAKAWA, KAZUHIRO. "On the Global Trend of Hazardous Chemical Substance in Substance in Textile Products." Sen'i Gakkaishi 74, no. 2 (2018): P—59—P—61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.74.p-59.

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29

Tugyi, Levente, Zoltán Siménfalvi, and L. Gábor Szepesi. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of acetone evaporation." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 11, no. 5 (2021): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2021.5.13.

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In the case of flammable liquids, it is known that is not the liquid itself that is prone to ignition, but the vapour of the hazardous substance. For these substances, it is particularly important to be able to determine exactly how much vapour is produced and how it spreads. The substance to be tested is acetone. That is a common substance in households in various forms (cosmetics), but is also frequently used in the chemical industry. Different models are available for calculating the evaporation rate, which are compared in this study with the evaporation experiments carried out. The aim is to select a suitable model in relation to the measured results.
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Zhao, Dan, Shuang Yu, Wen-Jie Jiang, Zhi-Hao Cai, Dan-Li Li, Ya-Lan Liu, and Zhi-Zhou Chen. "Recent Progress in Metal-Organic Framework Based Fluorescent Sensors for Hazardous Materials Detection." Molecules 27, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072226.

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Population growth and industrial development have exacerbated environmental pollution of both land and aquatic environments with toxic and harmful materials. Luminescence-based chemical sensors crafted for specific hazardous substances operate on host-guest interactions, leading to the detection of target molecules down to the nanomolar range. Particularly, the luminescence-based sensors constructed on the basis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are of increasing interest, as they can not only compensate for the shortcomings of traditional detection techniques, but also can provide more sensitive detection for analytes. Recent years have seen MOFs-based fluorescent sensors show outstanding advantages in the field of hazardous substance identification and detection. Here, we critically discuss the application of MOFs for the detection of a broad scope of hazardous substances, including hazardous gases, heavy metal ions, radioactive ions, antibiotics, pesticides, nitro-explosives, and some harmful solvents as well as luminous and sensing mechanisms of MOF-based fluorescent sensors. The outlook and several crucial issues of this area are also discussed, with the expectation that it may help arouse widespread attention on exploring fluorescent MOFs (LMOFs) in potential sensing applications.
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Gotvajn, Andreja Žgajnar, and Jana Zagorc-Koncan. "Whole effluent and single substances approach: a tool for hazardous wastewater management." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 8 (April 1, 1998): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0328.

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Evaluation of toxicity and biodegradability or persistencey of different chemical substances and wastewaters is essential for their hazardous impact and risk assessment. Many various types of toxicity and biodegradation assessment tests are nowadays available for evaluation of the effects of pure substances and with proper combination of the tests, the prediction of the effect on the aquatic recipient is possible. On the other hand, there is a lack of agreed test procedures for estimating biodegradability of complex wastewaters. A methodology for wastewater characterisation employing single substance and whole effluent approach using stabilisation study is presented. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between toxicity and biodegradability of phenol-formaldehyde industrial wastewater and its main constituents to evaluate presented methodology for hazardous wastewater management.
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32

Bolden, Jennifer. "Associations Among Attention Problems, Learning Strategies, and Hazardous Drinking Behavior in a College Student Sample: A Pilot Study." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 13 (January 2019): 117822181984835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178221819848356.

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Despite research linking substance use/abuse to pejorative academic outcomes, the underlying behavior and cognitive mechanisms responsible for this association are largely unknown. This study addresses a specific call for understanding learning strategies and skills associated with substance alcohol use/abuse. Four hundred fifty undergraduates (59.6% female) completed measures of hazardous drinking behavior and student learning strategies. Approximately 35.3% of the sample reported hazardous drinking scores in the clinical range. Bivariate correlations and a regression framework were utilized to understand the associations among hazardous drinking behavior, academic skills/strategies, and student liabilities. In the present study, hazardous drinking behavior was associated with 4 learning strategies: note-taking/listening skills, test-taking strategies, organizational techniques, and time management. Moreover, hazardous drinking behavior was associated with 2 student liabilities: low academic motivation and concentration/attention difficulties. Results from follow-up analyses suggest that only organizational techniques and concentration/attention difficulties predicted hazardous drinking behavior. Promising areas for future research and potential intervention targets are discussed.
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Wilkerson, J. Michael, Angela Di Paola, Shruta Rawat, Pallav Patankar, B. R. Simon Rosser, and Maria L. Ekstrand. "Substance Use, Mental Health, HIV Testing, and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the State of Maharashtra, India." AIDS Education and Prevention 30, no. 2 (April 2018): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2018.30.2.96.

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Among 433 men who have sex with men in Maharashtra, India who completed an online survey, 23% reported hazardous drinking, 12% illicit substance, and 9% polysubstance use. The overall prevalence of depression and intimate partner violence (IPV) were 58% and 56%, respectively. Participants engaging in hazardous drinking had more sexual partners and were less likely to be married to women. Participants reporting illicit substance use or polysubstance use were more likely to have been out, had more sexual partners, or experienced IPV. Those reporting illicit substance use were more likely to engage in condomless anal sex. Based on our findings, we suggest that public health interventions integrate HIV, substance use, and mental health services.
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Wildeman, T. R., D. L. Macalady, C. D. Shackelford, and S. L. Woods. "The EPA Rocky Mountain Regional Hazardous Substance Research Center." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2002, no. 1 (2002): 972–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr02010972.

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Wildeman, T. R., D. L. Macalady, C. D. Shackelford, and S. L. Woods. "THE EPA ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2002, no. 1 (June 30, 2002): 979–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr02010979.

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Orr, Maureen F., Wendy E. Kaye, Perri Zeitz, Marilyn E. Powers, and Lisa Rosenthal. "Public Health Risks of Railroad Hazardous Substance Emergency Events." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43, no. 2 (February 2001): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200102000-00004.

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Fronczak, Robert E. "Public Health Risks of Railroad Hazardous Substance Emergency Events." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43, no. 9 (September 2001): 738–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200109000-00002.

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Orr, Maureen F., Perri Zeitz, Wendy E. Kaye, Marilyn E. Powers, and Lisa Rosenthal. "Public Health Risks of Railroad Hazardous Substance Emergency Events." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43, no. 9 (September 2001): 739–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200109000-00003.

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Kapil, V., H. Falk, P. Ruckart, A. Dewan, M. Orr, and J. Madden. "Planning and Preparedness for Hazardous Substance Releases in India." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, S1 (February 2010): S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00021762.

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40

Nakano, Yoichi, Kiyokazu Okawa, Wataru Nishijima, and Mitsumasa Okada. "Ozone decomposition of hazardous chemical substance in organic solvents." Water Research 37, no. 11 (June 2003): 2595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(03)00077-0.

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41

Obert, Jeanne L., Richard A. Rawson, and Karen Miotto. "Substance Abuse Treatment for “Hazardous Users”: An Early Intervention." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 29, no. 3 (September 1997): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1997.10400204.

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42

Hall, H. Irene, V. Ramana Dhara, Wendy E. Kaye, and Patricia Price-Green. "Surveillance of Hazardous Substance Releases and Related Health Effects." Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 49, no. 1 (February 1994): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1994.9934413.

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43

Lasat, Mitch. "The hazardous substance research centers program: An EPA perspective." Environmental Progress 21, no. 4 (December 2002): D2—D3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670210402.

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44

Owens, Gina P., Philip Held, Laura Blackburn, John S. Auerbach, Allison A. Clark, Catherine J. Herrera, Jerome Cook, and Gregory L. Stuart. "Differences in Relationship Conflict, Attachment, and Depression in Treatment-Seeking Veterans With Hazardous Substance Use, PTSD, or PTSD and Hazardous Substance Use." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 29, no. 7 (November 18, 2013): 1318–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260513506274.

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45

Polorecka, Maria, Jozef Kubas, Pavel Danihelka, Katarina Petrlova, Katarina Repkova Stofkova, and Katarina Buganova. "Use of Software on Modeling Hazardous Substance Release as a Support Tool for Crisis Management." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010438.

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Today’s modern society offers many new opportunities, but also many risks. Even modernization of companies cannot completely eliminate these dangers. In the smart industry, despite significant technological progress, it is necessary to work with various raw materials, including hazardous substances. It is these raw materials that will continue to pose risks in the future for industrial accidents, which cannot be ruled out. The possible release of hazardous substances can potentially have a negative impact on the environment and safety of the population. In order to deal with certain emergencies, it is necessary to allocate a large amount of funds and resources to them. The paper focuses on risk prevention in industry and the use of modern and new approaches. Specifically, it focuses on the implementation of the prevention of leakage of hazardous substances in the gaseous state from industrial facilities. The aim of the paper is to present a new approach to the prevention of leakage of hazardous substances, which provides more realistic calculations for modeling leaks and thus helps to reduce the cost of prevention. However, security in crisis management is not diminished. ALOHA CAMEO software was used for leak modeling, which the authors commonly use in practical applications and modeling in industrial enterprises in the performance of duties in the field of civil protection and crisis management. ALOHA software is used for such modeling, serving as a support tool for modeling for all crisis managers in Industry 4.0. This paper deals with the modeling of dispersion of hazardous substances with specific properties escaping from technological equipment located inside a building. This concerns the inability of the current dispersion model software to prevent the spread of the next leak inside the building containing the substance. A solution is needed to fix this problem. This issue is well illustrated by a specific example at the end of this article. The mentioned improvement of tools for simulation of industrial accidents influences the possibilities of development also in Industry 4.0. It enables more effective preparation for the management of possible accidents with regard to the appropriate spending of funds for prevention and subsequent response.
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McDuff, David, Todd Stull, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Mary E. Hitchcock, Brian Hainline, and Claudia L. Reardon. "Recreational and ergogenic substance use and substance use disorders in elite athletes: a narrative review." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 12 (May 16, 2019): 754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100669.

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BackgroundSubstances from various classes may be used for recreational purposes, self-treatment or to boost performance. When substance use shifts from occasional to regular, heavy or hazardous use, positive and negative effects can develop that vary by substance class and athlete. Regular use of recreational or performance enhancing substances can lead to misuse, sanctions or use disorders.ObjectiveTo review the prevalence, patterns of use, risk factors, performance effects and types of intervention for all classes of recreational and performance enhancing substances in elite athletes by sport, ethnicity, country and gender.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies that compared the prevalence and patterns of substance use, misuse and use disorders in elite athletes with those of non-athletes and provided detailed demographic and sport variations in reasons for use, risk factors and performance effects for each main substance class.ResultsAlcohol, cannabis, tobacco (nicotine) and prescribed opioids and stimulants are the most commonly used substances in elite athletes, but generally used at lower rates than in non-athletes. In contrast, use/misuse rates for binge alcohol, oral tobacco, non-prescription opioids and anabolic-androgenic steroids are higher among athletes than non-athletes, especially in power and collision sports. Cannabis/cannabinoids seem to have replaced nicotine as the second most commonly used substance.ConclusionsSubstance use in elite athletes varies by country, ethnicity, gender, sport and competitive level. There are no studies on substance use disorder prevalence in elite male and female athletes and few studies with direct comparison groups.
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Wilson, K. S. H. Boyd, D. M. Suckling, D. P. F. Graham, G. K. Clare, and P. S. Stevens. "Promoting innovation through a new group standard for straightchained lepidopteran sex pheromones." New Zealand Plant Protection 65 (January 8, 2012): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2012.65.5422.

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Group standards are a New Zealand regulatory approach to managing a group of hazardous substances of a similar nature type or having similar circumstances of use such as paints or cosmetics Straightchained lepidopteran sex pheromones (SCLP) can be used for population monitoring or for mating disruption to help reduce reliance on insecticides To avoid the need for each pheromone substance to be registered separately under Part 5 of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (1996) Plant amp; Food Research has developed the Straightchained Lepidopteran Sex Pheromone Group Standard (HSR100628) This means that new SCLP products for research or sale can be developed imported or manufactured more efficiently and effectively promoting innovation in an area with small market size but large beneficial impact on plant protection Regulatory aspects of pheromones and semiochemicals for research and commercial use are discussed
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48

Wood, Frances E., Andrew T. Berrie, Helen R. Plampin, and Margaret L. Wilkinson-Tough. "Evaluations using test queries of chemical hazards databases and databanks." Journal of Information Science 15, no. 4-5 (August 1989): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016555158901500409.

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This paper consists of short reports on three projects which evaluated online chemical hazards services. Two were studies of bibliographical databases and one a study of databanks. Test queries were used in the evaluations. The chemical hazards bibliographic databases studied were HSEline, CISDOC, Laboratory Hazards Bulletin (LHB), Chemical Hazards in Industry (CHI), Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH), Safety Science Abstracts (SSA), EMBASE, BIOSIS, MEDLINE and CASearch. The main conclusion reached was that whilst all the databases included relevant references none provided comprehensive coverage for the test queries. HSEline produced the highest number of relevant references and LHB and CHI also performed well, but most of the other databases were useful for some of the queries. The chemical hazards databanks compared were RTECS (Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances), HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank), OHMTADS (Oil and Hazardous Materials - Technical Assistance Data - system), BAKER, CHRIS (Chemical Hazards Response Information System) and CESARS (Chemical Evaluation Search and Re trieval System). The main conclusions of the evaluation were that HSDB gives the widest subject coverage and has the longest datasheets. Its coverage of animal toxicology is as good as that of RTECS. HSDB is the best source for human toxicity information and has the same amount or more information than BAKER and CHRIS on emergency actions. RTECS concentrates on toxic effects and has little information on physical/chemical properties, manufacture, emergency han dling, chemical reactions or explosive properties. OHMTADS does not contain first aid procedures but gives concise infor mation on other emergency actions. BAKER and CHRIS are useful for substance identification, waste management and emergency spill procedures.
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49

Кирсанов, A. Kirsanov, Синицын, V. Sinitsyn, Кожемякина, and E. Kozhemyakina. "Research of the Influence of Meteorological Conditions, Quantity and Physic Chemical Properties of the Hazardous Chemical Substances on the Basic Parameters of Chemical Contamination Zone." Safety in Technosphere 5, no. 3 (June 25, 2016): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21725.

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The work is devoted to the study of influence of mass emergency chemically hazardous substances, the physic chemical properties and weather conditions at the time of release of substance into the environment on value actual area of chemical contamination. The studies were carried out using software that implements «Highly toxic substances infection`s the extent forecasting the method in case of accidents (destruction) on chemically hazardous objects and transport». Research has shown a significant impact on the value of the actual area of the zone of chemical contamination to the degree of vertical stability of air. With the increase of temperature increases the area of infection. At the same time, the wind leads to a decrease in the area of the zone of chemical contamination. The increasing mass of the substances involved in the accident, leads to an almost linear growth of the actual area of infection. With the simultaneous study of two substances is slightly different in mass and toxicity to chlorine at the same weight and the weather conditions revealed an interesting phenomenon: the magnitude of the actual area of chemical contamination, at a smooth temperature increase of the air change dramatically. A detailed study the phenomenon found that in addition to weather conditions, toxicity and mass of substances on the basic characteristics of the infected areas is also affected by the physic and chemical properties of substances: density of air, buoyancy and stability of the substance at temperatures.
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50

Larson, Theodore C., Maureen F. Orr, Erik Auf der Heide, Jennifer Wu, Sutapa Mukhopadhyay, and D. Kevin Horton. "Threat of Secondary Chemical Contamination of Emergency Departments and Personnel: An Uncommon but Recurrent Problem." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 10, no. 2 (November 10, 2015): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.127.

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AbstractObjectiveTo analyze acute hazardous substance release surveillance data for events involving secondary contamination of hospital emergency departments (EDs). Secondary contamination of EDs may occur when a patient exposed to a hazardous chemical is not decontaminated before arrival at the ED and when ED staff are not wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. This can result in adverse health outcomes among department personnel, other patients, and visitors. Even events without actual secondary contamination risk can be real in their consequences and require the decontamination of the ED or its occupants, evacuation, or temporary shutdown of the ED.MethodsEvents involving secondary contamination were identified by using the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system and the National Toxic Substance Incidents Program from 2007 to 2013.ResultsFive incidents involving the threat of secondary contamination (0.02% of all events reported to the surveillance systems [n=33,001]) were detected and are described. Four incidents involved suspected secondary contamination in which the facility was evacuated or shut down.ConclusionsThese results suggest that although rare, incidents involving secondary contamination continue to present a hazard for emergency departments. Suggested best practices to avoid secondary contamination have been described. Hospitals should be made aware of the risks associated with secondary contamination and the need to proactively train and equip staff to perform decontamination. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:199–202)
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