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WING, Hayden, and hayden wing@optusnet com au. "Implementing best practice protocols for occupational hygiene monitoring." Edith Cowan University. Computing, Health And Science: School Of, 2005. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0036.html.
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This thesis outlines the results of an occupational hygiene monitoring program implemented at Minara Resources' Murrin Murrin mine site. The research was conducted as part of a collaborative agreement between Edith Cowan University and Minara Resources, the title of which was
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Greenlaw, Tamara. "Cross-functional environmental initiatives : addressing Restriction of Hazardous Substance (RoHS) technical challenges at Sun Microsystems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34840.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-115).
The European Union (EU) passed the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive, effective January 2006, banning the sale of electronics equipment containing lead and five other hazardous substances into EU countries. The RoHS Directive is driving an accelerated transition to lead-free technology and products across the electronics industry. Lead is commonly used in component finishes and is a key material in the solder process used to attach components to printed circuit boards. Lead-free technical challenges include implementing significant changes in component plating and circuit board assembly. Although the industry has collaborated to produce viable technical options, various lead-free solutions have trade-offs among cost, reliability, and short-term availability. Given regulatory deadlines and potential loss of EU sales, Sun and others in the electronics industry are impelled to make material and process changes based on less data and information than they would typically act on. Sun's RoHS technical team was staffed from the Central Engineering group and developed RoHS specifications that go beyond basic compliance in order to address known lead-free reliability issues. However, lead-free requirements included in RoHS technical specifications have significant supply chain implications with respect to cost, operations, and strategy in addition to reliability impact. The technical team has the capacity to address general lead-free technology and engineering challenges, but it is not staffed to conduct broader business impact analysis. Industry supply base readiness varies widely; not all suppliers will meet RoHS deadlines and related Sun specifications.
(cont.) Product reliability and cost targets vary, but components and suppliers are common to a range of products. The technical team has experienced supplier and product group push-back in response to certain reliability-driven lead-free requirements. The question of whether Sun's reliability-driven requirements should be implemented uniformly across all products has been raised. In order to address this question and support informed decisions during the transition to lead-free, the team needed to consider the broader business and operations context as well as summarize and communicate relevant technical information. This involved thinking about the impact of RoHS specifications from an operations perspective, assessing relevant industry capability and trends, considering specification modifications or alternatives that would facilitate near term implementation, and considering alignment with longer term supply chain strategy. Additionally, challenges facing the technical team highlight two ways in which the RoHS Directive is setting a precedent in the electronics industry. First, RoHS is an environmental initiative driving significant change across the industry value chain. This raises both tactical issues of how to coordinate and maintain industry consistency and efficiency, and strategic questions of when to collaborate vs. where competitive advantage may be gained. Second, within each company, RoHS impacts virtually all functional groups and cannot be implemented without broad coordination and effort.
(cont.) While this is similar to non-environmental cross-functional initiatives, most companies have not dedicated resources to environmental strategy and planning, nor have they integrated environmental issues into existing functions. Thus the capability to (a) strategically assess environmental activity as an investment with potential returns, (b) proactively drive tactical environmental programs, and (c) make meaningful progress on environmental and social issues is insufficient, contributing to the firefighting nature of RoHS activity and criticism of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs. The RoHS initiative illustrates the case for investing resources in forward looking corporate environmental planning and strategy.
by Tamara Greenlaw.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Cyrus, Elena. "Social Capital, HIV Risk Behavior and Substance Use among Recent Latino Immigrants in South Florida." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/977.
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Social capital, or social cohesion or group connectedness, can influence both HIV risk behavior and substance use. Because recent immigrants undergo a change in environment, one of the consequences can be a change in social capital. There may be an association among changes in social capital, and HIV risk behavior and substance use post immigration. The dissertation focused on the interface of these three variables among recent Latino immigrants (RLIs) in South Florida.
The first manuscript is a systematic review of social capital and HIV risk behavior, and served as a partial background for the second and third manuscripts. Twelve papers with a measure of social capital as an independent variable and HIV risk as the dependent variable were included in the analysis. Eleven studies measured social capital at the individual level, and one study measured social capital at the group level. HIV risk was influenced by social capital, but the type of influence was dependent on the type of social capital and on the study population. Cognitive social capital, or levels of collective action, was protective against HIV in both men and women. The role of structural social capital, or levels of civic engagement/group participation, on HIV risk was dependent on the type of structural social capital and varied by gender. Microfinance programs and functional group participation were protective for women, while dysfunctional group participation and peer-level support may have increased HIV risk among men.
The second manuscript was an original study assessing changes in social capital and HIV risk behavior pre to post immigration among RLIs in South Florida (n=527). HIV risk behavior was assessed through the frequency of vaginal-penile condom use, and the number of sexual partners. It was a longitudinal study using secondary data analysis to assess changes in social capital and HIV risk behavior pre immigration to two years post immigration, and to determine if there was a relationship between the two variables. There was an 8% decrease in total social capital (p ˂ .05). Reporting of ‘Never use’ of condoms in the past 90 days increased in all subcategories (p ˂ .05). Single men had a decrease in number of sexual partners (p ˂ .05). Lower social capital measured on the dimension of ‘friend and other’ was marginally associated with fewer sexual partners.
The third manuscript was another original study looking at the association between social capital and substance use among RLIs in South Florida (n=527). Substance use with measured by frequency of hazardous alcoholic drinking, and illicit drug use. It was a longitudinal study of social capital and substance-use from pre to two years post immigration. Post-immigration, social capital, hazardous drinking and illicit drug use decreased (p˂.001). After adjusting for time, compared to males, females were less likely to engage in hazardous drinking (OR=.31, p˂.001), and less likely to engage in illicit drug use (OR=.67, p=.01). Documentation status was a moderator between social capital and illicit drug use. ‘Business’ and ‘Agency’ social capital were associated with changes in illicit drug use for documented immigrants. After adjusting for gender and marital status, on average, documented immigrants with a one-unit increase in ‘business’ social capital were 1.2 times more likely to engage in illicit drug use (p˂.01), and documented immigrants with one-unit increase in ‘agency’ social capital were 38% less likely to engage in illicit drug use (p˂.01). ‘Friend and other’ social capital was associated with a decrease in illicit drug use among undocumented immigrants. After adjusting for gender and marital status, on average, undocumented immigrants with a one-unit increase in ‘friend and other’ social capital were 45% less likely to engage in hazardous drinking and 44% less likely to use illicit drugs (p˂.01, p˂.05).
Studying these three domains is relevant because HIV continues to be a public health issue, particularly in Miami-Dade County, which is ranked among other U.S. regions with high rates of HIV/AIDS prevalence. Substance use is associated with HIV risk behavior; in most studies, increased substance use is associated with increased chances of HIV risk behavior. Immigration, which is the hypothesized catalyst for the change in social capital, has an impact on the dynamic of a society. Greater immigration can be burdensome on the host country’s societal resources; however immigrants are also potentially a source of additional skilled labor for the workforce. Therefore, successful adaption of immigrants can have a positive influence on receiving communities. With Florida being a major receiver of immigrants to the U.S, this dissertation attempts to address an important public health issue for South Florida and the U.S. at large.
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Pasquale, R., Claudio Bortolati, F. Serafini, M. Signoretto, M. Silvestri, and L. Culpo. "LIFE GOAST Green Organic Agents for Sustainable Tanneries (LIFE16 ENV/IT/000416) - 62." Verein für Gerberei-Chemie und -Technik e. V, 2019. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34147.
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Leather manufacturing is classified as water, energy and waste intensive by the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU). Tannery effluents, if not properly treated, cause significant damage to soil and
water bodies. Over 85% of world leather production involves the traditional chrome tanning process (TCTP). The use of chrome (Cr) in the industrial processing of animal hides poses serious environmental
and health problems due to the use of hazardous chemicals, the production of solid/liquid waste and air emissions.
LIFE GOAST aims at demonstrating the benefits of a new tanning technology on a semi-industrial scale; the project started on July 2017 and is an ongoing investigation, and involves the competences of three direct actors in the leather industry such as GSC Group spa as chemical supplier, Conceria Pasubio as tannery and Mediochiampo as waste-water treatment agency, in conjunction with the expertise of Università di Venezia, thus forming together a model of leather industry. The technical feasibility of LIFE GOAST implementation, as well as its social and economic impact, have been monitored and compared with the TCTP in order to demonstrate the reduced environmental impacts of the new process, while producing comparable or better quality leather.
The LIFE GOAST team demonstrated that it was possible to treat collagen with the GOAST technology to give stabilised collagen to be used in the leather industry. A series of leather swatches were realised in accordance with the new protocol in order to obtain preliminary information on chemical oxygen demand COD of the effluents and technical feasibility of the process. The results were remarkable: COD values were lower than TCTP and it was possible to obtain soft and firm grain leather despite a shrinkage temperature lower than chromium process. However, these preliminary results allowed to process bigger pieces of leather (quarter, half and entire) to demonstrate that the technology was reproducible and in line with the small trials. The investigation is still ongoing and the team is fully committed to focus on the objectives of the project.
Take-Away:
Novel and alternative tanning systems to traditional chrome tanning.
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Wing, Hayden. "Implementing best practice protocols for occupational hygiene monitoring." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/111.
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This thesis outlines the results of an occupational hygiene monitoring program implemented at Minara Resources' Murrin Murrin mine site. The research was conducted as part of a collaborative agreement between Edith Cowan University and Minara Resources, the title of which was "Establishing best practice protocols in the management of occupational and environmental health in a high risk mining and ore processing environment". To form the basis of this research it was hypothesised that chemical hazards had not been adequately identified, that existing occupational hygiene monitoring programs did not adequately quantify employee exposures to these hazards, and that the implementation of a comprehensive hazard identification and monitoring program would greatly improve the capacity to quantify the health risks posed to employees.
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Kašpar, Otakar. "Srovnání dostupných SW nástrojů pro hodnocení havarijních dopadů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216375.
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To perform comparision of possible SW tools for evaluation of accidental consequences of major industrial chemical accidents with a focus on flamable, explosive and toxic chemical substances. To perform evaluation of different model cases with named subtences. To suggest a structure of SW tool for this purpose
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Palmquist, Helena. "Hazardous substances in wastewater management /." Luleå, 2004. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2004/47.
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Vadiala, Veena. "Hazardous materials database." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1701.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 132 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-63).
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Kongboonma, Songsamorn. "The transportation of hazardous materials /." Online version of thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11164.
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Chan, Wai-man. "The control and management of dangerous substances and chemicals in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945711.
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Kim, Sigon. "Development of risk assessment decision support system for hazardous materials movement." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-112012/.
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Tanner, Deborah Brae. "No margin for error driving the east shore of Flathead Lake /." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12302009-133705.
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Akhter, Shahana. "Strategies for managing hazardous substances from industry in South Australia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09enva315.pdf.
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Kassing, Edward. "Team structure evaluation of hazardous material emergency response teams in the Midwest." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001kassinge.pdf.
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Bennen, Wilroy. "The evaluation of waste minimization/waste treatment strategies for a commercial production process of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/97.
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Chemical synthesis is closely related to waste minimization. There is no chemical process that does not produce waste. The methods used by industry to deal with this waste is a major environmental concern. This thesis describes the laboratory scale waste minimization and waste treatment strategies for the commercial production process of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (MTSC). The production process of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide was investigated with the aim of increasing the isolated yield of MTSC and at the same time decrease the amount and toxicity of effluent obtained. During this study, parameters were investigated such as the use of excess DIPEA and the temperature of the reaction. Preliminary studies clearly showed that both factors have a significant influence on the final yield of the product. The next part of the investigation was to optimize the two parameters influencing the isolated yield of the MTSC. For this investigation, a multi factorial design was used to determine the optimum conditions in the MTSC yield response. From the results obtained, it was clear that the excess of DIPEA and the temperature of the reaction both need to be high to obtain high yields. These theoretical results were confirmed by results obtained practically, where yields of up 82 % were obtained, but it became clear that even higher yields could be obtained since chromatographic results showed yeilds as high as 90 %. The mass balance of the MTSC synthesis showed a loss of approximately 30 grams per reaction. This loss may have an influence on the final yield. The effluent obtained during the synthesis of MTSC was investigated and a waste treatment protocol was established to reduce the high COD value of the MTSC effluent. The protocol consists of two steps used for the clean up of the effluent. The first being a cooling step; the effluent was cooled at 0oC to induce precipitation of a solid, consisting mostly of MTSC. The second step is a high pressure wet oxidation of the effluent with oxygen in a high pressure reactor. The remaining compounds in the effluent were oxidized, resulting in another precipitate, consisting mostly of sulphur. After the oxidation the COD value of the effluent was decreased by 98 % to a value of 0.4 %. The MTSC present in the precipitate obtained after cooling could be isolated and purified, to add to the yield of the synthesis. The sulphur obtained during the oxidation could also be isolated and reused, or sold to prevent it from contaminating the environment.
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Christopher, Yvette. "Inadvertent ingestion exposure to hazardous substances in the workplace." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=24665.
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Bula, Gustavo Alfredo. "Vehicle Routing for Hazardous Material Transportation." Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0014.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le problème du transport de matières dangereuses (HazMat) vu comme un problème de tournées de véhicules à flotte hétérogène. Les décisions pour ce type de transport comportent des objectifs différents, parfois antagonistes. Deux sont pris en compte dans ce travail, le coût et le risque. La première tâche entreprise a été la formulation d'un modèle mathématique pour la minimisation du risque, qui dépend du type de véhicule, du matériel transporté et du changement de charge lorsque le véhicule passe d'un client à un autre. Une approximation linéaire par morceaux est utilisée pour conserver une formulation de programmation linéaire en nombres entiers mixtes.Des méthodes hybrides basées sur des explorations de voisinages sont proposées pour traiter la minimisation du risque. Cela comprend l'étude des structures de voisinages et le développement d'un algorithme de descente à voisinages variables (VND) pour la recherche locale, ainsi qu'un mécanisme de perturbation des solutions. Une post-optimisation est appliquée pour améliorer la qualité des solutions obtenues.Enfin, deux approches, un algorithme basé sur la dominance multi-objectif et une méta-heuristique de type epsilon- contrainte, sont développées pour traiter la version multi-objectif. Deux mesures de performance sont utilisées : l'hyper volume et la ∆-métrique. Les approximations de fronts montrent qu'une légère augmentation du coût total des tournées peut entraîner une forte réduction en pourcentage des risquesThe main objective of this thesis is to study the hazardous materials (HazMat) transportation problem considered as a heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem. HazMat transportation decisions comprise different and sometimes conflicting objectives. Two are considered in this work, the total routing cost and the total routing risk. The first task undertaken was the formulation of a mathematical model for the routing risk minimization, which depends on the type of vehicle, the material being transported, and the load change when the vehicle goes from one customer to another. A piecewise linear approximation is employed to keep a mixed integer linear programing formulation.Hybrid solution methods based on neighborhood search are explored for solving the routing risk minimization. This includes the study of neighborhood structures and the development of a Variable Neighborhood Descent (VND) algorithm for local search, and a perturbation mechanism (shaking neighborhoods). A post-optimization procedure is applied to improve the solution quality.Finally, two different solution approaches, a multi-objective dominance-based algorithm and a meta-heuristic epsilon-constraint method are employed for addressing the multi-objective version of the problem. Two performance metrics are used: the hyper volume and the ∆-metric. The front approximations show that a small increment in the total routing cost can produce a high reduction in percentage of the expected consequences given the probability of a HazMat transportation incident
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Tenney, Heather M. "A Comparison of voluntary and mandatory state pollution prevention program achievements : a thesis /." Boston, M.A. : Tufts University, 2000. http://www.turi.org/PDF/NewThesisFinalSS.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Tufts University, 2000.Cover title. "Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil and Environmental Engineering Tufts University." "May 2000."
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Sethuraman, Rajagopal. "Development of mitigation measures for safe transportation of hazardous materials." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05092009-040732/.
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Verma, Manish. "Analytical approaches to railroad and rail-truck intermodal transportation of hazardous materials." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85961.
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Hazardous Materials are potentially harmful to people and environment due to their toxic ingredients. Although a significant portion of dangerous goods transportation is via railroads, prevailing studies on dangerous goods transport focus on highway shipments. We present an analytical framework that incorporates the differentiating features of trains in the assessment of risk. Each railcar is a potential source of release, and hence risk assessment of trains requires representation of multiple release sources in the model. We report on the use of the proposed approach for the risk assessment of the Ultra-train that passes through the city of Montreal everyday. The risk assessment methodology is then used to model the operations of freight trains in a network, wherein freight involves both hazardous and regular cargo. We present an optimization model distinct from the conventional ones, a Memetic Algorithm based solution technique, and a number of scenarios intended to gain numerical and managerial insights into the problem. In an effort to combine the economies of trains and efficiencies of trucks, we deal with rail-truck intermodalism for hazardous and non-hazardous cargo. Two special cases and a general case of rail-truck intermodal transportation models, driven by the element of ' time', are presented.
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Matthews, James R. "Hazardous material transportation policy and the threat of terrorist attack." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FMatthews%5FJames.pdf.
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Kukkonen, Jaakko. "Modelling source terms for the atmospheric dispersion of hazardous substances." Helsinki : Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/57930643.html.
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Walsh, Wendy. "Hazardous substances legislation in the educational environment : strategies for compliance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997.
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The Queensland Workplace Health and Safety Act 1995, Regulation,Compliance Standards and Advisory Standards provide a framework for improving levels of workplace health and safety. The Act outlines particular health and safety obligations placed on all members of the workforce. In 1995, the Workplace Health and Safety (Hazardous Substances) Compliance Standard was released. This compliance standard was based on National
Model Regulations for Hazardous Substances. This legally binding compliance standard has prompted the Department of Education, Queensland to begin
appraising its position in light of new regulations.
The aim of this study was to examine the most appropriate method for achieving compliance with Hazardous Substances legislation in the Educational Environment. The population of the study was drawn from the Department of
Education, Queensland which is diverse in both educational environment and geographical location. The study consisted of the distribution and analysis of a
survey to two sample populations of school Principals (n=90) and regional Occupational Health and Safety Advisers (n=11) of which 77 and 11 surveys were completed and returned respectively. The results highlighted the fact that although 87% of school Principals sampled
were aware of Hazardous Substances Legislation only 62% had altered their practices in order to comply with the law. Major barriers were identified to achieving compliance including insufficient resources, insufficient time and the complexity of the legislation.
The literature highlighted the nature of hazardous substances in the educational
setting as opposed to that in heavy industry. The differences emphasising the
probable time, resources and interpretation of law when numerous substances
in small controlled amounts are in use as opposed to large volumes of a few
substances.
Principals and Regional Occupational Health and Safety Advisers identified
methods of assistance that would be of most benefit to educational facilities. They were eager to receive assistance that would minimise time and resource
expenditure such as generic assessments of risk, a state wide systems approach in the form of a support document and access to training. Access to disposal assistance and advice was another form of assistance sought . Although disposal is not specifically addressed in the Workplace
Health and Safety (Hazardous Substances) Compliance Standard, 1995, the
ultimate outcome of compliance requires the disposal of excess quantities of
substances not in current use.It was concluded that although the hazardous substances legislation is
mandatory, many schools in Queensland are currently unable to comply without a statewide strategy of assistance. The use of the theory of Participative
Management in the collection of information was useful in obtaining relevant and meaningful data. Recommendations drawn from this study based on the requirements for legislative compliance and the requirements of educational locations within the Department of Education (Queensland) were as follows:
• Development of a support document providing a clear process for the
management of hazardous substances in schools.
• Provision of a coordinated, statewide approach to purchasing and disposal of
hazardous substances.
• Development of generic strategies through the shared use of knowledge and
expertise available.
• Development of policy reflecting the response of the Department of Education to the requirements of school locations.
The effectiveness of the implementation of these recommendations and the benefits of participative management in the development of policy may provide
topics for further research within this area.
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Hessel-Garten, Rebecca. "Development of a manual for small towns and rural areas to develop a hazardous materials emergency plan." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9913.
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Cherrie, J. W. "Reconstructing the past : estimating exposure to hazardous substances in occupational epidemiology." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338329.
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The aim of the work described in this thesis was to develop a reliable method for retrospective assessment of occupational exposure, for individual workers, to substances hazardous to health. A review of existing methods for reconstructing exposure has shown a diverse range of approaches, partly dictated by the availability of measurement records and other documentation about work activities. These methods show little evidence of a coherent theoretical basis for exposure assessment. Progress has been made in defining a theory of exposure to hazardous substances and in elaborating this for substances where the main route of exposure is by inhalation. A new metric for exposure assessment, i.e. uptake, is proposed. For inhalation this corresponds to the cumulative amount of material inhaled during the exposure period, e.g. for a dust this would correspond to the time integral of the product of exposure level (i.e. concentration) and breathing rate. Analogous definitions are provided for dermal and ingestion uptake, and total uptake as the sum of these individual measures. It is argued that uptake should provide the best metric for reconstructing past exposure. For inhalation exposure several stages have been identified linking emission of hazardous substances from sources to inhalation of the substance by an individual worker. Emission from sources into the work environment has been divided into three parts (i.e. intrinsic emission, plus the effects of handling and local controls), which are assumed to be independent of each other. It is further assumed that the total emission from a source is determined by the product of these terms.
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Palmquist, Helena. "Hazardous substances in wastewater systems : a delicate issue for wastewater management." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17510.
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Many substances derived from human activity end up in wastewater systems at some point. A large number of different substances - up to 30,000 - are present in wastewater. Some of them are valuable, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, but there are also hazardous substances such as heavy metals and anthropogenic organic substances. To be able to utilise the wastewater nutrients on arable land (agriculture, forestry or other alternatives), it is of great importance to investigate the sources of hazardous substances in wastewater and the human activities and attitudes that brings these different substances into the wastewater systems. For management of wastewater residues it is therefore important to be able to assess both the benefits and the risks from such products. Residues from wastewater are complex mixtures of substances, which demand a multi-sided approach for solving the problem as a whole.Godkänd; 2001; 20070225 (ysko)
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Kowenje, Chrispin B. O. "Spectroscopic characterization of the metal cation siting and the adsorbate-cation interactions in Cu (II) and Co (II) exchanged faujasite-X zeolite." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Graham, Patrick Norman. "Mobilization and transport of depleted uranium in surface waters." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20308.
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Plevak, Thomas A. "A needs assessment for the four credit hazardous materials course in the Fire Protection Technician Program at Milwaukee Area Technical College." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008plevakt.pdf.
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Fetzer, Molly M. "Comparative risk assessment of a cylinder handling system and a bulk liquid distribution system for Trichlorosilane." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998fetzerm.pdf.
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Hildebrandt, Leslie M. "Control guidelines for the transportation of chemically contaminated dry vacuum pumps." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998hildebrandtl.pdf.
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Heino, Perttu. "Fluid property reasoning in knowledge-based hazard identification /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1999. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/1999/P393.pdf.
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Melton, Timothy Allen. "Modeling unconfined vapor cloud explosions for risk assessment calculations /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1994.
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Berkin, Michael G. "Analysis of the hazardous material reutilization facilities at SUBASE Bangor and NS San Diego." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA242075.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Henderson, David R. Second Reader: Trietsch, Dan. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 30, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Military facilities, cost effectiveness, models, low costs, cost analysis, materials, forecasting, theses, solutions(general), personnel, wastes, supplies, onboard, hazardous materials, management planning and control DTIC Identifier(s): Hazardous materials reutilization, hazardous waste minimization, recycling, inventory level forecasting, cost benefit analysis Author(s) subject terms: Hazardous Material Reutilization, Hazardous Waste Minimization, Recycling, Inventory Level Forecasting, Cost Benefit Analysis Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-110). Also available in print.
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Erickson, James D. "Hazard communication program for the employees of Hunt-Wesson Inc." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998ericksonj.pdf.
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Ruhásová, Aranka. "Význam modelování mimořádných událostí pomocí softwarových nástrojů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216919.
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The Master's Thesis deals with the usage of various software tools in emergency management and in environmental protection. Nowadays, on every step we make, we can face emergency situations which can cause great harm to the environment as well as to human life and property. The theoretical part provides an overview of software tools. Different software tools, their basic parameters, development and usage are described. There are also explained terms like geographic information system, etc. The practical part is focused on the instruments used in selected countries, including Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, USA, Canada and the United Kingdom. In the conclusion is the comparison of the effectiveness of software tools in emergency management and in environmental protection.
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Bevin, Anna, An Na Lay, Daniel Ullmark, and Jessika Hagman. "Chemical analysis of hazardous substances in permanent tattoo inks available on the market." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277104.
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As permanent tattoos are becoming more popular and common, an increased number of allergic reactions to tattoos is reported. The purpose of this project was to analyze tattoo inks for hazardous substances, and whether they comply to current Swedish and European legislative requirements. The tattoo inks were qualitatively analyzed for pigments, and quantitatively analyzed for metals. A total of 73 tattoo inks were collected from various sources such as a tattoo ink supplier, online retailers, and provided directly from tattoo artists. The labels of each tattoo ink bottle were inspected to investigate their compliance with the Council of Europe and the Swedish Medical Products Agency. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) was used to qualitatively analyze 20 selected tattoo inks for different pigments. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantitatively analyze trace metals in 70 of the samples. A large majority (90%) of the tested samples violated the requirements and criteria in the European resolution ResAP 2008(1), such as information on name and address of the manufacturer, minimum date of durability, sterility, batch number, and storage. Patch and allergy testing were incorrectly recommended for many samples in a way that is not accepted by dermatologists. In a worst-case scenario, this testing could be a sensitizing step. Also, it can not prevent future allergic reactions from occurring or provide any juridical insurance. Only one brand, World Famous, fulfilled the requirements for labeling for six of the seven samples (one sample failed due to a faulty declared pigment). The brands Tang Dragon and Dynamic did not fulfill any of the requirements listed in ResAP 2008(1). The list of ingredients was incorrect for all samples from Tang Dragon (bought prior to 2019 online). Also, six of the other 50 samples from different brands (World Famous, Intenze, Fusion Tattoo Ink, Eternal Ink, Solid Ink) declared at least one pigment incorrectly in their ingredients list. 25% of the declared and theoretically detectable pigments were detected by means of MALDI-ToF-MS, whereas the other pigments were either absent or below the limit of detection. Future analyses should include an MS/MS analysis. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was identified qualatively in 15 of the 20 samples analyzed with MALDI-ToF-MS but was not listed in any of the ingredients lists. ICP-QQQ-MS is a very sensitive technique and could both detect and verify the presence of all metal-containing pigments, as well as the level of impurities. Copper was clearly more present in green and blue colors, regardless of the brand. The metal content was evidently dependent on the brand for arsenic, aluminum, bismuth, chromium, nickel, zinc, and strontium. Elevated levels of barium and strontium (partially very high levels: up to 727 mg/kg barium and up to 8.06 g/kg strontium) were found in several samples. High amounts of aluminum (4 to 11,0 g/kg) and titanium (as judged from white precipitates and ingredients lists) were present in most samples. Nickel (0.1 to 41 mg/kg) and chromium (0.1 to 139 mg/kg) were also present in the samples. Some other impurities were also present (arsenic – 3.8 mg/kg, mercury – 1.6 mg/kg, and lead – 5.4 mg/kg for one sample, respectively). Known sensitizing pigments were declared and partially confirmed by MALDI-ToF-MS in 17 of 53 samples of the brands Radiant Colour, Eternal Ink, Fusion Tattoo Ink, and Kuro Sumi. Four samples (from Intenze, Eternal Ink, and Kuro Sumi) also declared pigments listed as non-suitable substance according to the European Commission regulation on cosmetic products from 2009.
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Yilmaz, Ozge. "Hazardous Waste Management System Design For Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613116/index.pdf.
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Hazardous waste management demands detailed planning due to the risks posed by hazardous wastes on public and environment and high investments required. This study aims to provide a framework that leads Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) in planning of hazardous waste facilities to be built. This framework considers the facility and transport cost along with impacts of hazardous waste management. The linear optimization models for several scenarios are developed in order to evaluate possible approaches in management of hazardous wastes. During cost calculations economy of scale principle is considered. Estimation of impact includes not only population impact but also environmental impact for which a methodology is developed in the scope of this study. This methodology considers the effect of hazardous waste transportation on lakes, rivers, dams, seashores, forests and agricultural areas, which are defined as vulnerable environmental elements.
Evaluation of the results suggests that establishment of designated hazardous waste facilities with co-incineration practices and use of transfer stations give most satisfactory outcome. Co-incineration practices decrease incineration costs, which has the highest contribution to overall cost while transfer stations provide great improvement in total impact. Locations for recovery, treatment, incineration facilities and landfills are selected. These selections both confirm decisions made in the past regarding existing locations and become suggestions for locations for new facilities. It is observed that integrated facilities are favored. The importance of countrywide planning should also be underlined.
It is believed that results of this study provides a basis to evaluate possible alternatives for further improvement of hazardous waste management system in Turkey that would be most useful to MoEF.
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Anderlová, Monika. "Rizika cíleného zneužití přepravovaných nebezpečných látek a předmětů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232701.
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This diploma thesis elaborates on dangers of intentional misuse of transported hazardous substances. Introduction part is about legislation which determines conditions for hazardous substances treatment and their transportation. There are several types of transportation, they are described in separated chapter. Road transportation dominates in Czech Republic. Focus is put on motivation factors for misuse of hazardous substances. Factors increasing risk of misuse of hazardous substances follow. Based on it, suggestions for precautions and means to lower the risk were created. Separated chapter is dedicated to methodology for determining attractiveness of hazardous substances. To map situation in Czech Republic, I did survey in several companies. Results are summarized in last chapter.
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McAbee, Roberta Rae. "Occupational health hazards in women and pregnancy outcomes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7374.
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Martin, Alexander Dennis. "Risk assessment and the management of environmentally hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492991.
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Producers that distribute and/or sell electrical and electronic equipment in the EU must ensure compliance with a raft of legislation that restricts environmentally hazardous substances in such equipment. Producers must also address the concerns of their stakeholders (e.g. consumers and pressure groups) regarding environmentally hazardous substances in their products. Producers are at risk of losing sales, profitability and market share as well as diminishing the value of their bands and tarnishing their reputations if they do not comply with legislation or address stakeholder expectations. For example, an enforcement official could detect non-compliance with the law and impose a distribution block that stopped a producer from supplying products and subsequently bring an abrupt end to its trading. Ensuring compliance with the law involves identifying and understanding the requirements of relevant legislation and devising and implementing plans to meet these requirements. This is challenging when the legislation restricts substances in individual product parts that, in the case of electronic products, are numerous as well as sourced by producers from hundreds of suppliers. Hence producers must manage their supply chains to manage the risks that they are exposed to. While producers use risk assessment in product design and manufacture, few producers have assessed risks in their supply chains. A tool was developed for use by producers to assess their exposure to such risks. This tool was tested at Sony Computer Entertainment Europe and proved a powerful method for identifying and prioritising key risks in the management of environmentally hazardous substances in products. The tool could be readily adapted and used by other producers that wished to assess the same or similar risks in their supply chains and complements existing management practices (e.g. auditing, product testing).
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Alsarawi, Hanan Ahmad. "Developing an integrated strategy for the assessment of hazardous substances in Kuwait's marine environment." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10603.
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Kuwait is undergoing rapid economic growth involving substantial developments along its coastal shores and the marine environment. Many of the activities in the region are associated with oil industry, which can pollute the shores leading to contamination from oil residues, tar balls and trace metals. About 2 million barrels of oil are spilled annually from routine discharges into the Gulf, which derives mainly from dirty ballast waters and tank washing. The comprehensive literature review of hazardous substances in Kuwait’s marine environment has concluded that for the majority of these pollutants, contamination is localized around industrialised areas, and elsewhere is generally below the permitted international standards. These finding have been supported by a fieldwork. This has been conducted to assess the use of biomarkers (bile metabolites and EROD activities) for 60 fish consisting of two native species Giant sea catfish (Arius thalassinus) and (Pelates quadrilineatus) to demonstrate the potential for the concentrations of oil based contaminants present to induce detectable levels of biological effects in fish species living in Kuwait’s marine environment. Therefore, the focus of this research has shifted its attention to another anthropogenic source that chronically pollute Kuwait’s marine environment. One of the main sources of contaminants is the continuous discharge of sewage, which impacts many locations around Kuwait. Sewage is known to contain wide array of substances that could pose an ecotoxicological impact at different levels of the ecosystem. One such threat is posed by antimicrobial agents that contribute to the growing global concern surrounding the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria. Therefore, a major theme of this research project was to conduct a novel survey of the prevalence of AMR bacteria isolated from Kuwait’s marine environment. The AMR screening, including 598 E.coli isolated from seawater and bivalves samples during summer and winter seasons against 23 frontline antibiotics, revealed that resistance was observed from a number of locations (particularly associated with sewage outlets) for the majority of antibiotics (seawater: summer 89 - 64%; winter 90 - 57% and bivalves: summer 77%; winter 88%). A baseline screening for the class 1 integron which is known to be implicated in disseminating the antimicrobial resistance among bacteria was conducted for the isolated 598 E.coli. The findings highlighted the prevalence of such molecular genetic elements especially around the sewage outlets (36% of tested E.coli). The whole genome sequencing was conducted for a representative E.coli (26 E.coli) and it showed that E.coli derived from Kuwait’s marine environment possessed a variety of genes implicated in antimicrobial resistance potential against wide spectrum of antibiotics and suggesting that genes are exchanged via the horizontal gene transfer. These observations and recording of antimicrobial resistance phenomenon support the notion that marine environment could act not only as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance but could also play a significant role in driving it. The AMR bacteria is considered as an effective tool for monitoring the impacts of sewage pollution. Furthermore, it highlights one of the key human health risks sewage pollution poses and its assessments allows a fully integrated health assessment of Kuwait’s marine environment to be undertaken. This will ultimately lead to recommendations outlining the future monitoring and remediation requirements required by Kuwait to tackle this issue including rational antibiotics consumption and stewardship; developing effective wastewater treatment processes to improve removal efficiency of these pollutants in sewage treatment plants; more researches on this area will provide scientific information for responsible authorities to make up regulatory standards and guidelines to control environmental dissemination of these emerging contaminants.
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Hartley, Christopher Bernard. "Substances hazardous to health : the nature of the expertise associated with competent risk assessment." Thesis, Aston University, 1997. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15318/.
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This research investigated expertise in hazardous substance risk assessment (HSRA). Competent pro-active risk assessment is needed to prevent occupational ill-health caused by hazardous substance exposure occurring in the future. In recent years there has been a strong demand for HSRA expertise and a shortage of expert practitioners. The discipline of Occupational Hygiene was identified as the key repository of knowledge and skills for HSRA and one objective of this research was to develop a method to elicit this expertise from experienced occupational hygienists. In the study of generic expertise, many methods of knowledge elicitation (KE) have been investigated, since this has been relevant to the development of 'expert systems' (thinking computers). Here, knowledge needed to be elicited from human experts, and this stage was often a bottleneck in system development, since experts could not explain the basis of their expertise. At an intermediate stage, information collected was used to structure a basic model of hazardous substance risk assessment activity (HSRA Model B) and this formed the basis of tape transcript analysis in the main study with derivation of a 'classification' and a 'performance matrix'. The study aimed to elicit the expertise of occupational hygienists and compare their performance with other health and safety professionals (occupational health physicians, occupational health nurses, health and safety practitioners and trainee health and safety inspectors), as evaluated using the matrix. As a group, the hygienists performed best in the exercise, and this group were particularly good at process elicitation and at recommending specific control measures, although the other groups also performed well in selected aspects of the matrix and the work provided useful findings and insights. From the research, two models of HSRA have been derived, an HSRA aid, together with a novel videotape KE technique and interesting research findings. The implications of this are discussed with respect to future training of HS professionals and wider application of the videotape KE method.
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Nedomová, Lenka. "Posouzení bezpečnosti chladicí stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228346.
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Estimation of cooling station safety Diploma thesis, institute of metrology and quality assurance and testing, Brno University of Technology. The diploma thesis deals with safety evaluation of cooling plant at a pool stadium, which uses amonia as a coolant. The work includes particular calculation (quantitative risk estimation) of cooling the plant with amonia. For cooling at the pool stadium no salt water, only amonia is used, so it is direct cooling. The safety of population, animals and enviroment is considered. Part of this thesis is also the estimation of the chemical exposure index (CEI) and simulation of breakdown effects with ALOHA model (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres). At the end FMEA method is used, the method cause – effect.
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Klöber, Wolfram. "Risikomanagement im Chemikalienrecht : ein Rechtsvergleich des US-amerikanischen Toxic Substances Control Act und des deutschen Chemikaliengesetzes /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/362362866.pdf.
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Chan, Wai-man, and 陳偉文. "The control and management of dangerous substances and chemicals in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253945.
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Ozkan, Yucel Umay G. "Co-treatment Of Hazardous Compounds In Anaerobic Sewage Sludge Digesters." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609952/index.pdf.
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Xenobiotic compounds, which are exclusively man made, are produced in large quantities every year and released to the environment. Besides, anaerobic sludge digestion offers advantage in co-treatment of hazardous substances produced by the industry. The performance of the digesters can be monitored by modeling efforts. In this study, Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) was calibrated, and validated for full-scale digester, lab-scale digester, and lab-scale digester seeded with totally different anaerobic biomass than that of full-scale digester. The model xenobiotic compound, a mono azo dye RO107, was co-treated with sewage sludge in an anaerobic digester. High removal efficiencies as 98% was found for azo dye at standard operating conditions of anaerobic digesters. The digester performance was not effected from azo dye or its reduction products. The dye reduction mechanism was modeled by biochemical mechanism due to unspecific enzymes and by chemical mechanism due to sulfide reduction. Some of the dye metabolites were suggested to be degraded by aerobic biotreatment. The anaerobic reduction metabolites of RO107 were identified as 2-(4-aminophenylsulfonyl) ethanol and 2,5-diamino-4-formamidobenzenesulfonic acid, and sulfanilic acid.
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Caratozzolo, Vincenzo. "Development and validation of models for accident scenario following the spill of hazardous substances from pipelines." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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The releases of hazardous substance from pressurised pipelines are of particular interest due to the different scenarios that may occur following the loss of containment. These may have different causes, as accidental release, corrosion, etc. In such cases the release of flammable substances can lead to different scenarios as Fires, Explosions and Environmental pollutions. The severity of such scenarios can increase due the "Domino Effect" that will affect also other equipment or near unit operations, potentially causing a cascading event. For these reasons an accurate methodology is necessary in order to estimate the consequences and the evaluation of the possible hazards coming from those scenarios.
In this work a CFD software developed at the University College London (UCL) called PipeTech was used to predict the depressurization parameters (Temperature, Pressure, etc.) and the outflow following the rupture of a pipeline, as well as to assess the hazard coming from the Jet Fire and the Pool Fire.
In particular, an initial validation, against some experimental data and another commercial software Phast (DNV GL), of the Jet Fire and Pool Fire models implemented in PipeTech was performed. Moreover, an evaluation of the effect of some main parameter (pressure, tilt angle and orifice diameter) were taken into account to evaluate how they affect the incident radiation coming from the Jet Fire.
With the aim to upgrade the Pool Fire model implemented in PipeTech, a new model based on correlations found in literature is described, in which the flame is considered as to have two different emitting zones: a lower and luminous part and an upper partially obscured part due to the smoke envelope that emits with distinctive Surface Emissive Power, thus affecting in different way the incident radiation coming from a Pool Fire, Especially in the region very close to the flame. This upgrade was validated against Phast v8.2 and some experimental data present in literature.
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Obadalová, Kristýna. "Analýza rizik vybraných nebezpečných chemických látek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216687.
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An extensive bibliographic search of domestic and foreign resources was elaborated within the diploma thesis. In the sphere of major accident prevention, risk analysis and assessment are necessary to fulfill the aims. The development of this sphere is mentioned in the thesis. It also discusses reasons why the exact and detailed instruction for those analyses cannot be provided and why the standard methods of risk analysis cannot be introduced (as well as the methods for particular risk recipients). The thesis also discusses available software tools for evaluating the emergency impacts. The study suggests the optimal software tool for simulation of emergency impacts in the conditions of the Czech Republic and also recommends the possible technical precautions for increasing safety of dangerous chemical substances. The conclusion contains discussion on the finding the author revealed and their relation to the information found in the literature and it also summarizes author’s opinion.
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Zhou, Zhen. "Study on optimization of hazardous material transportation via lane reservation." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0041/document.
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Le transport de matières dangereuses est connu pour son haut risque potentiel pour le réseau routier. Un accident peut avoir de graves conséquences pour la santé publique et l’environnement sur une longue période. L’optimisation du transport de matières dangereuses est une problématique importante. Cette thèse propose, pour la première fois dans la littérature, une stratégie de réservation de voies pour le transport de matières dangereuses. L’objectif est de proposer des itinéraires pour le transport de matières dangereuses qui minimisent à la fois le risque potentiel et l’impact négatif sur le trafic dans un réseau de transport dû à la réservation de voies. Dans cette thèse, nous nous focalisons sur deux nouveaux problèmes : l’optimisation de transport de matières dangereuses grâce à la stratégie de réservation de voies dans un réseau de transport selon si le risque dépend de l’instant de passage (appelé LRPTDR) ou pas (appelé LRPTIR). Pour chaque problème étudié, nous proposons un nouveau modèle d’optimisation multi-critères. Pour le LRPTIR, nous développons d’abord une méthode combinant la méthode de ε-contrainte et la logique floue pour obtenir des solutions Pareto-optimales et une solution préférée en fonction des critères du gestionnaire. Ensuite,une méthode qui combine le « cut-and-solve » and le « cutting plane» est proposée pour réduire le temps de calcul. Pour le LRPTDR, une méthode de « cut-and-solve » est appliquée, dans laquelle une nouvelle technique de « piecing cut » et une stratégie de relaxation partielle sont développées pour améliorer la performance. Les performances des algorithmes proposés sont évaluées à l’aide d’instances générées aléatoirement. Les résultats numériques montrent que les algorithmes proposés sont plus performants que le logiciel commercial CPLEX pour les problèmes étudiésHazardous material transportation is well-known for its high potential risk. An accident may cause very serious economic damage and negative impacts on the public health and the environment over the long term. Optimization for hazardous material transportation is an important issue. For the first time in the literature, this thesis introduces the lane reservation strategy into the hazardous material transportation problem. The goal is to obtain a best compromise between the impact on normal traffic due to lane reservation and the transportation risk.In this thesis, we focus on two novel problems: hazardous material transportation problem via lane reservation in networks with time-invariant and time-dependent risk, called LRPTIR and LRPTDR, respectively. For these problems, multi-objective integer programming and multi-objective mixed integer programming models are formulated, respectively. For the LRPTIR, we first develop an ε-constraint and fuzzy-logic based method to obtain Pareto optimal solutions and a preferred solution. Then a cut-and-solve and cutting plane combined method is proposed to reduce the computational time. For the LRPTDR, an improved cut-and-solve based ε-constraint method is proposed, in which a new technique of generating piercing cuts is developed and a partial integral relaxation strategy is applied. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated by randomly generated instances. Computational results demonstrate that for the considered problems, the cut-and-solve method outperforms software package CPLEX