Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hazardous index

Academic literature on the topic 'Hazardous index'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hazardous index"

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Gupta, J. P., and B. Suresh Babu. "A new Hazardous Waste Index." Journal of Hazardous Materials 67, no. 1 (May 1999): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(99)00006-0.

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M. R., Intan Suhana, Hussain Hamid, Law Teik Hwa, and Ahmad Farhan. "Identification of Hazardous Road Sections: Crash Data versus Composite Index Method." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 6, no. 6 (December 2014): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2014.v6.745.

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Musee, N., L. Lorenzen, and C. Aldrich. "An aggregate fuzzy hazardous index for composite wastes." Journal of Hazardous Materials 137, no. 2 (September 21, 2006): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.03.060.

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Chaiklieng, Sunisa. "Risk assessment of workers’ exposure to BTEX and hazardous area classification at gasoline stations." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): e0249913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249913.

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Vaporization of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds pollutes the air and causes health hazards at gasoline stations. This study revealed the risk of BTEX exposure according to the hazardous area classification at gasoline stations. The risk assessment of gasoline workers from a representative group of 47 stations, which followed the United States Environmental Protection Agency-IRIS method of assessing BTEX exposure, was expressed as the hazard index (HI). A result of matrix multipliers of the hazardous exposure index and fire possibility from flammable gas classified hazardous area-I and area-II at the fuel dispensers. BTEX concentrations were actively sampled in ambient air and a flammable gas detector was used to measure the flammability level. Results showed that the BTEX concentrations from ambient air monitoring were in the range of 0.1–136.9, 8.1–406.0, 0.8–24.1 and 0.4–105.5 ppb for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, respectively, which exceeded the NIOSH exposure limit of 100 ppb of benzene concentration. The risk assessment indicated that five stations reached an unacceptable risk of worker exposure to BTEX (HI>1), which correlated with the numbers of gasoline dispensers and daily gasoline sold. The risk matrix classified hazardous area-I at 4 meters and hazardous area-II at 4–8 meters in radius around the fuel dispensers. This study revealed the hazardous areas at gasoline stations and suggests that entrepreneurs must strictly control the safety operation practice of workers, install vapor recovery systems on dispenser nozzles to control BTEX vaporization and keep the hazardous areas clear of fire ignition sources within an eight-meter radius of the dispensers.
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Kales, Stephen N., Gerry N. Polyhronopoulos, Jon M. Aldrich, Edward O. Leitao, and David C. Christiani. "Correlates of Body Mass Index in Hazardous Materials Firefighters." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 41, no. 7 (July 1999): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199907000-00007.

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Walsh, Frances A. "A Review of “Hazardous Material Reference Book Cross Index”." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 58, no. 4 (April 1997): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028894.1997.10399280.

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Deng, Fumin, Yanjie Li, Huirong Lin, Jinrui Miao, and Xuedong Liang. "A BWM-TOPSIS Hazardous Waste Inventory Safety Risk Evaluation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 10, 2020): 5765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165765.

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Hazardous waste can cause severe environmental pollution if not disposed of properly, which in turn can seriously affect the sustainable development of the entire ecology and will inevitably bring disaster to companies. However, because of limited available disposal capacity, it is often difficult to safely dispose of hazardous waste, meaning that it must be kept as passive inventory. For the passive inventory of hazardous waste, risk evaluation of safe operation of the inventory is crucial and urgently needs to be resolved. Based on this, this paper focuses on the risk management of hazardous waste inventory of waste-producing companies and proposes a risk evaluation system for safely dealing with hazardous waste inventory, which expands the scope of inventory safety management and provides guidance to companies on developing appropriate measures to ensure hazardous waste inventory safety. First, the risk evaluation index system for hazardous waste inventory is constructed from equipment, management level, nature of hazardous waste and operational aspects. Then, the best worst method (BWM) is employed to calculate the criteria weights and the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is employed to rank the alternatives. Finally, risk evaluation on four waste-producing companies was conducted using the developed method. The results show that Case Company 4 has the greatest risk of hazardous waste inventory, which should be reduced by improving storage method and the amount of hazardous waste. It was found that the proposed evaluation system was effective for hazardous waste inventory safety risk assessments and that the designed index system could assist companies improve their hazardous waste inventory management.
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Wang, Rui, Qing Xu, Chenyu He, Xinyi Liu, Zhenyu Feng, Luxiaohe Zhang, and Jun Gao. "Analysis of Hazardous Waste Management Elements in Oil and Gas Enterprises Based on the Life-Cycle Management Concept." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 21, 2023): 5504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065504.

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By analyzing the China’s hazardous waste management policy and the existing problems in hazardous waste management, the elements of hazardous waste management in oil and gas exploration enterprises were identified. Based on the theory of life-cycle management under the concept of sustainable development, combined with literature research, a three-level comprehensive index system was constructed by using the AHP–entropy weight method to evaluate the hazardous waste management capability of oil and gas enterprises. It was proposed that oil and gas enterprises should further strengthen the life-cycle management of hazardous waste, strengthen the assessment of hazardous waste management capacity, continuously establish a sound hazardous waste supervision system, and actively build a hazardous waste information control platform to realize the whole-process tracking management, as well as other suggestions.
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Rybakov, A. V., E. V. Ivanov, D. S. Sibgatulina, and G. S. Alyoshkin. "Assessing the stability of hydraulic structures to the impact of hazardous factors of hazardous natural phenomena." Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 6, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2020-06-04-539-546.

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The article shows the procedure for determining the values of the stability index of hydraulic structures (earth dams). An approach to the creation of an engineering methodology for carrying out operational calculations for predicting the state of an earth dam under the influence of known characteristics of damaging factors of rapidly developing dangerous natural phenomena and man-made processes is presented. One of the directions of application of the proposed approach is shown — the definition of rational parameters for the protection of hydraulic structures and the development of a plan of measures to achieve them.
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Summers, Kevin, Andrea Lamper, and Kyle Buck. "National Hazards Vulnerability and the Remediation, Restoration and Revitalization of Contaminated Sites—2. RCRA Sites." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020965.

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Natural hazards can be powerful mechanisms that impact the restoration of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) contaminated sites and the community revitalization associated with these sites. Release of hazardous materials following a natural hazard can impact communities associated with these sites by causing the release of hazardous or toxic materials. These releases can inhibit the restoration of the sites, thus altering the long-term sustainable community revitalization. Hazard-related contaminant releases in areas characterized by large populations can create problems equal to those posed by the original site clean-up. Similarly, natural hazards can enhance the probability of future issues associated with the renovated sites. This manuscript addresses the co-occurrence of 12 natural hazards (singly and in combination) at individual RCRA sites. The co-occurrence was determined by the co-location of exposure likelihoods determined from the Cumulative Resilience Screening Index (CRSI) and the site locations for RCRA facilities provided by Environmental Protection Agency. Results showed that several natural hazards were likely to occur at RCRA facilities and these occurrences should be included in management and policy evaluations of these sites.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hazardous index"

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Gamboa, Nadia. "Hazardous wastes: sources, pathways, receptors / Richards J. Watts. USA: John Wiley & Sons, 1997. 764 p." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99247.

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Loayza-Pérez, Jorge, and Marina Silva-Meza. "Gestión integral de residuos químicos generados en actividades industriales." Revista de Química, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99162.

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La gestión integral de residuos químicos permite minimizar la cantidad de residuos generados, reaprovechar los residuos que puedan volver a ser utilizados, tratarlos para disminuir su peligrosidad, y real izar una disposición final segura de aquellos residuos que no puedan ser reducidos. Se presentan los principios de gestión, el análisis del ciclo de vida de un residuo y diversas opciones de tratamiento (físico, químico, térmico y biológico) para la disposición final.
Integral management of chemical wastes generated in industrial activitiesThe integral management of chemical wastes allows to d iminish the amount of generated wastes, to reutilize wastes so as to diminish their danger, and to make safe use of the final disposition of those wastes that cannot be reduced. Here we present the principies of chemical wastes management, the analysis of the service I ife of a waste and diverse treatment options (physical, chemical, thermal and biological) for its final disposition
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Nechvátalová, Ivana. "Bezpečnostní studie technologie galvanického pokovování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228206.

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Submitted thesis deal with estimation safeness of electroplating technologi with reference to occurrence hazardous substances falls on man and environment. To identification diversification was used quantitative risk assessment and chemical exposure index.
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Matta, Marcus Emmanuel Mamana da. "Índice de perigo para subsidiar a aplicação de lodo de esgoto em solo agrícola." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-07122011-134521/.

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A ampliação dos sistemas de tratamento de esgoto sanitário implica diretamente no aumento da geração de lodos de esgoto, que precisam ser adequadamente dispostos. Devido aos benefícios agronômicos, a incorporação de lodo de esgoto em solo agrícola tem sido, em diversos países, a forma mais sustentável para aproveitamento deste resíduo. A Resolução Conama 375 de 2006 normatiza essa prática no Brasil, e os critérios para a tomada de decisão quanto a ocorrência de poluentes químicos no lodo de esgoto se restringe a determinação de onze compostos inorgânicos, o que gera preocupação em relação a outros compostos presentes na matriz e que podem proporcionar riscos ao ecossistema e à saúde humana. Para complementar a avaliação de matrizes complexas como lodo de esgoto, efluentes, sedimentos, solos contaminados, se tem preconizado o uso de testes de toxicidade, os quais fornecem evidências do perigo da mistura como um todo. O objetivo da tese foi desenvolver um índice para avaliar a periculosidade de lodo de esgoto, utilizando ensaios ecotoxicológicos de curta duração e baixo custo, com objetivo de subsidiar decisões mais rápidas quanto a sua aplicação em solo agrícola. O Índice de Perigo de Lodo de Esgoto (IPLE) integrou os resultados de teste de ecotoxicidade com Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia similis e teste de inibição do alongamento de raiz e da germinação de sementes. A fórmula do IPLE desenvolvido foi: log natural de um somado ao número de testes positivos, multiplicado pela ecotoxicidade média obtida nos testes, convertidos em unidade tóxica. O IPLE foi calculado utilizando os dados publicados pela CETESB de caracterização química e ecotoxicológica de 28 amostras de lodo de esgoto coletadas em 7 Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) do Estado de São Paulo. O IPLE foi testado pela avaliação do percentual de amostras não conformes por faixa de índice, considerando para tanto os limites de substância química estabelecidos em diferentes normas de uso agrícola de lodo. As amostras com IPLE acima de 2 (n=15) apresentaram maior frequência de não conformidade quando comparado com as amostras com índice abaixo de 2 (n=13). O IPLE parece ser um bom indicador preliminar do perigo de amostras de lodo de esgoto, sugerindo reprovação e aprovação precoce de seu uso agrícola e como instrumento para acompanhamento e gestão da qualidade do lodo e comunicação de perigo
The expansion of urban wastewater treatment plants increases the generation of sewage sludge, that must be properly disposed. Due to the agronomic benefits, the incorporation of sewage sludge on agricultural land has been in several countries, the most sustainable use of this waste. CONAMA Resolution 375 of 2006 regulates the practice in Brazil, and the criteria for chemical pollutants in the sewage sludge are based on the concentration of eleven inorganic compounds, which raises concern in relation to other compounds present in matrix that could provide risk to the ecosystem and human health. Ecotoxicology evaluation of complex samples as sewage sludge, wastewater, sediments, contaminated soils, has been often recommended to provide evidence of the whole mixture. The aim of this thesis was to develop a Sewage Sludge Hazard Index (SSHI) based on short term and low cost bioassays, to be a complementary tool for the decisionmaking process of sewage sludge application to agricultural land. SSHI integrated results from Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia similis and seed elongation/germination test. Sewage Sludge Hazard Index (SSHI) was calculated as the natural logarithm of one plus the number of positive toxic responses multiplied by the average of the toxic units obtained in each bioassay. The index was calculated using data generated by CETESB from chemical and ecotoxicological characterization of 28 samples collected in 7 different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Sao Paulo State. SSHI was tested by assessing the percentage of samples non-compliances for indexranks, considering chemical thresholds of pollutants in sewage sludge from differents norms for agricultural use of sludge. All samples with SSHI above 2 (n = 15) had higher incidence of non-compliance then samples below 2 (n = 13). SSHI seems to be a good primary indicator of the hazard of sewage sludge samples, suggesting early approval or disapproval to agricultural use, also as a tool for monitoring and managing the quality of sludge, and for hazard communication
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Nedomová, Lenka. "Posouzení bezpečnosti chladicí stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228346.

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Estimation of cooling station safety Diploma thesis, institute of metrology and quality assurance and testing, Brno University of Technology. The diploma thesis deals with safety evaluation of cooling plant at a pool stadium, which uses amonia as a coolant. The work includes particular calculation (quantitative risk estimation) of cooling the plant with amonia. For cooling at the pool stadium no salt water, only amonia is used, so it is direct cooling. The safety of population, animals and enviroment is considered. Part of this thesis is also the estimation of the chemical exposure index (CEI) and simulation of breakdown effects with ALOHA model (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres). At the end FMEA method is used, the method cause – effect.
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Satta, Alessio <1971&gt. "An index-based method to assess vulnerabilities and risks of Mediterranean coastal zones to multiple hazards." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5594.

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Il presente lavoro di tesi ha sviluppato un indice per la valutazione integrata del rischio costiero generato da molteplici pericolosità con l'obiettivo di supportare le autorità costiere del Mediterraneo nel pianificare l'adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici. Con riferimento al quadro teorico definito da IPCC nel "Fifth Assessment Report" è stata costruita una funzione di rischio al fine di trasformare le definizioni teoriche in un metodo concreto di valutazione. Il rischio è stato definito come il risultato dell'azione congiunta delle forzanti climatiche e non climatiche sulle pericolosità naturali agenti sul sistema costiero, quest'ultimo caratterizzato dai fattori di vulnerabilità e di esposizione. Con riferimento al protocollo GIZC, questo lavoro di tesi propone una metodologia per definire le zone costiere di pericolosità (ZCP) per le singole pericolosità e per l'azione congiunta di molteplici pericolosità. In tal senso è stato sviluppato un indice di rischio per le tre pericolosità costiere (erosione, inondazione marina e intrusione salina) e per molteplici pericolosità (MHCRI). L'indice MHCRI è stato applicato a un caso concreto nella costa occidentale della Sardegna (Italia). I risultati includono le mappe di vulnerabilità e di rischio per ogni singola pericolosità e per molteplici pericolosità.
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Quintana, Sánchez Eduardo. "Hazards on sanctioning the Recommendations as an anti-competitive practice in the Peruvian Law." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123645.

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On this paper, the author disserts on the notion of recommendations as a method of collusion. First, he approaches it based on comparative law (Europe and Latin-America) and precedent case law from INDECOPI, followed by defining how the term is (and should be) understood in Peruvian regulations as a horizontal agreement (cartel). It also analyzes in which instances said application has been inaccurate and the issues surrounding it. Finally, the author illustrates the complexity of framing recommendations as vertical agreements in the absence of “collusion between two or more parties”
En este artículo, el autor nos presenta la figura de las recomendaciones como práctica colusoria. Empieza por darnos una aproximación acorde a derecho comparado (Europa y América Latina) y desarrollo jurisprudencial de INDECOPI, para posteriormente definir cómo se aplica (y debería aplicarse) dicha prohibición como práctica colusoria horizontal (carteles) en nuestra legislación. En este punto, se analiza también los supuestos en los cuales dicha aplicación ha sido incorrecta y los problemas alrededor de esta. Finalmente, el autor demuestra la complejidadde enmarcar las recomendaciones como una práctica colusoria vertical debido a la falta del elemento de colusión de agentes económicos.
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Obregón, Christian, and Julio Lara. "Landslide Susceptibility Map: A tool for sustainable land management." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119875.

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This study aims to show the importance of Landslide Susceptibility Map as a tool for land use planning, prevention and risk mitigation. This will be shown through MM evaluation processes affecting high sector of El Paraíso gorge - Villa María del Triunfo (Lima - Peru).The work consisted of two phases: in the first one (field) the intrinsic characteristics of geology and geomorphology were identified. The second one, included the Landslide Susceptibility Map generation, using the multivariate Heuristic Model consisting of overlapping maps variables (Carrara et al. 1995, Lain et al. 2005), developed in a GIS environment through algebra layer (geoprocessing operations).The results of Landslide Susceptibility Map in general, give us geoscience information that will contribute to land management, and in a timely manner, with the development of specific studies, prevention and / or mitigation measures to ensure the physical stability of identified critical areas.
El presente estudio tiene por objetivo mostrar la importancia del Mapa de Susceptibilidad a MM, como herramienta para la planificación territorial, prevención y mitigación de riesgos. Para ello, se muestra como ejemplo la evaluación geodinámica del sector alto de la quebrada El Paraíso – Villa María del Triunfo (Lima – Perú).El trabajo consistió de dos fases: en la primera (campo) se identificaron los características intrínsecas de geología y geomorfología. La segunda (gabinete), comprendió la elaboración del mapa de susceptibilidad aplicando el modelo heurístico multivariado que consiste en la superposición de mapas de variables (Carrara et al. 1995; Laín et al. 2005), desarrollado en un entorno SIG a través del álgebra de capas (operaciones de geoprocesamiento).Los resultados del mapa de susceptibilidad de manera general, nos presentan información geocientífica que contribuirá con el ordenamiento territorial (OT); y de manera puntual, con el desarrollo de estudios específicos, medidas de prevención y/o mitigación para asegurar la estabilidad física de las áreas críticas identificadas.
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Höök, Johan, and Johannes Mulalic. "Riskanalys med sårbarhetsindex längs Klarälven : Riskanalys och metodutveckling för beräkning av ett socialt sårbarhetsindex." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84599.

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Vid inträffandet av naturolyckor och katastrofer påverkas människor i olika omfattning, inte bara beroende på deras bostads läge utan även utifrån deras sociala förhållanden och förutsättningar. I denna studie genomförs en riskanalys samt utvecklas en metod för beräkning av ett områdes sociala sårbarhet genom ett index. Studiens geografiska avgränsning är en sträcka av Klarälven i Värmland och baseras på data framställt av Skogsstyrelsen, Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB), Lantmäteriet och Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB).   I studien beräknades ett socialt sårbarhetsindex genom att kombinera flera lager av SCB:s statistiska data i ett geodatalager med kvadratiska polygoner. Det sociala sårbarhetsindexet kombinerades sedan med resultatet från en flerfaroanalys (multi-hazard analysis) med flera översvämningsscenarion samt områden känsliga för jordskred och ras. Flerfaroanalysen utfördes genom en sammanställning av MSB:s kartering av potentiella översvämningsscenarion och Skogsstyrelsens kartering av områden som kan drabbas av ras eller jordskred. Det sociala sårbarhetsindexet och flerfaroanalysen karterades och överlagrades för att identifiera särskilt sårbara områden.   Med hjälp av det sociala sårbarhetsindexet identifieras en högre social sårbarhet i mer tätbebyggda områden. Indexet påvisar även en högre social sårbarhet i den södra halvan av studieområdet. I flerfaroanalysen ses naturolyckorna variera i omfattning över studieområdet. I den norra delen är risken för jordskred och ras större än i den södra delen som nästan enbart drabbas av översvämningar. Resultaten från riskanalysen visar en “medel-risk” längs en längre sträcka av Klarälven och ökad risk i tätbebyggda områden. För förbättring av det sociala sårbarhetsindexet behövs mer detaljerade data över mindre områden för att öka indexets tillförlitlighet och användningsområden.
When natural phenomena and disasters occur, people are affected to varying degrees, not only depending on the location of their homes, but also on the basis of their social background. In this study, a multi-hazard risk analysis and a method for estimating an area’s social vulnerability through an index were developed. The study was carried out along River Klarälven in Värmland and was based on data produced by the Swedish forest agency, The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB), The Swedish Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authority and Statistics Sweden (SCB).   The study presents a social vulnerability index by combining several layers of SCB's statistical data, in a geodata layer with square polygons. The social vulnerability index was combined with a multi-hazard analysis considering several flood scenarios and landslide susceptibility. The multi-hazard analysis was performed through a compilation of MSB's mapping of potential flood scenarios and the Swedish forest agency’s mapping of areas that may be affected by landslides. The social vulnerability index and the results from the multi-hazard analysis were mapped and combined in order to identify areas with substantial risk.    The social vulnerability index indicates a higher social vulnerability in more densely populated areas. The index also shows a slightly higher social vulnerability in the southern half of the study area. The results from the multi-hazard analysis, the spatial distribution of natural hazards varied. The northern part of the study area has a greater susceptibility to landslides than the southern part, which is almost exclusively are induced by floods and extreme flows. The result of the risk analysis shows a “medium risk” along the largest studied part of the River Klarälven and a slightly increased risk in densely populated areas. For future improvements in the development of the social vulnerability index, more data is needed with a higher spatial resolution to increase the index's reliability and areas of use.
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Milena, Panić. "Концептуални оквир за процену социјалне рањивости од природних хазарда у Србији." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101388&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Рањивост од  природних хазарда представља атрактивну темуданашњице, која произилази из значаја који има за проблематикуприродних непогода. Рањивост представља обавезну компонентусваке природне непогоде, тачније схвата се као „контролнаполуга“ за смањење ризика од природних непогода. Социјалнарањивост од природних хазарда треба да укаже и опише ко илишта је угрожено деловањем природног хазарда и у којој мери, каои на обим и озбиљност последица које из потенцијалне колизијемогу произаћи. Из тог разлога, јавила се  потреба да се социјалнарањивост измери, премери или процени у тежњи да се теоријскепоставке боље разумеју и добију практичну примену. Тајкомплексан приступ треба да пружи информације о нивоимарањивости, као и отпорности одређених елемената у простору,  апотом и да омогући идентификацију покретачких фактора којиутичу на формирање и развој појаве социјалне рањивости. Собзиром да је процена социјалне рањивости базирана названичним статистичким подацима, који дају уопштену, стерилнуслику стварности, за  њено употпуњавање и хуманизацијунеопходно је истраживање перцепције, знања, ставова и искуствастановништва са природним хазардима и природним непогодама.Најбољи приступ за испуњење тог циља је анкетно истраживањекоје треба да омогући увид у поменуте карактеристике кодпојединца, а потом обрадом добијених података и њиховимуопштавањем стиче се потпуна слика о друштву и његовомодносу према природним хазардима и спремност за природненепогоде.
Ranjivost od  prirodnih hazarda predstavlja atraktivnu temudanašnjice, koja proizilazi iz značaja koji ima za problematikuprirodnih nepogoda. Ranjivost predstavlja obaveznu komponentusvake prirodne nepogode, tačnije shvata se kao „kontrolnapoluga“ za smanjenje rizika od prirodnih nepogoda. Socijalnaranjivost od prirodnih hazarda treba da ukaže i opiše ko ilišta je ugroženo delovanjem prirodnog hazarda i u kojoj meri, kaoi na obim i ozbiljnost posledica koje iz potencijalne kolizijemogu proizaći. Iz tog razloga, javila se  potreba da se socijalnaranjivost izmeri, premeri ili proceni u težnji da se teorijskepostavke bolje razumeju i dobiju praktičnu primenu. Tajkompleksan pristup treba da pruži informacije o nivoimaranjivosti, kao i otpornosti određenih elemenata u prostoru,  apotom i da omogući identifikaciju pokretačkih faktora kojiutiču na formiranje i razvoj pojave socijalne ranjivosti. Sobzirom da je procena socijalne ranjivosti bazirana nazvaničnim statističkim podacima, koji daju uopštenu, sterilnusliku stvarnosti, za  njeno upotpunjavanje i humanizacijuneophodno je istraživanje percepcije, znanja, stavova i iskustvastanovništva sa prirodnim hazardima i prirodnim nepogodama.Najbolji pristup za ispunjenje tog cilja je anketno istraživanjekoje treba da omogući uvid u pomenute karakteristike kodpojedinca, a potom obradom dobijenih podataka i njihovimuopštavanjem stiče se potpuna slika o društvu i njegovomodnosu prema prirodnim hazardima i spremnost za prirodnenepogode.
Today,  vulnerability  to natural hazards is one of the most attractive topic, which stems from its importance for the research field of natural disasters. Vulnerability is a mandatory component of any natural disasters, more precisely understood as the "control lever" to reduce the natural disasters risk. Social vulnerability should point to and describe who or what is at risk from natural hazards and the extent and severity of the consequences of potential collisions. For this reason, there is a need to  measure or estimate social vulnerability, which will enable theoretical assumptions to be better understood and receive practical application. This complex approach should provide information on the levels of vulnerability, as well as the resistance of certain elements in space,  and then to allow the identification of the driving factors that influence the formation and development of the social vulnerability phenomena. Social vulnerability assessment is based on official statistics, which provide a general, sterile picture of reality, but its humanization is necessary through exploring of perceptions, knowledge, awareness and experiences of the society to natural hazards and natural disasters. The best approach for achieving that goal is the survey that should provide insight into the mentioned characteristics of the individual, and then processing the data and their generalization gets the full picture of the society and its relation to natural hazards and natural disasters preparedness.
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Books on the topic "Hazardous index"

1

A, Davis Julie, ed. Hazardous materials reference book cross-index. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.

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A, Davis Julie, Christianson Grant T, and Davis Daniel J, eds. Firefighter's hazardous materials reference book and index. 2nd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993.

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Canada, Canada Environment. Domestic substances list: Registry number index = : Liste interieure des substances : index des numéros de registre. Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services Canada, 1991.

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McCoy & Associates., ed. RCRA and HSWA: 1985 index to hazardous waste regulations. 2nd ed. Lakewood, Colo: McCoy, 1985.

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Forum for Scientific Excellence, Inc., ed. Cross-reference index of hazardous chemicals, synonyms, and CAS registry numbers. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1990.

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Forum for Scientific Excellence, Inc., ed. Index of hazardous contents of commercial products in schools and colleges. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1990.

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McCoy & Associates., ed. SARA Title III: Regulations and keyword index. Lakewood, Colo: McCoy and Associates, 1990.

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McCoy & Associates., ed. SARA Title III: Regulations and keyword index. Lakewood, Colo: McCoy and Associates, 1993.

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McCoy & Associates., ed. SARA Title III: Regulations and keyword index. Lakewood, Colo: McCoy and Associates, 1991.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Region IX. McKinnon Street Superfund removal site, San Francisco, California: Administrative record and index. San Francisco, Calif: The Agency, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hazardous index"

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"Index." In Hazardous Chemicals, 393–407. Berghahn Books, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1850hst.19.

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"Index." In Hazardous Metropolis, 267–302. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520930087-013.

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"Index." In Hazardous Chemicals, 393–408. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781789203202-017.

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"Index." In Hazardous Substances, 369–76. De Gruyter, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110618952-015.

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"Index." In Hazardous Gases, 391–401. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-89857-7.10000-3.

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"Index." In Hazardous Materials Characterization, 345–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471793779.index.

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"Index." In Hazardous Chemicals Handbook, 599–608. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075064888-2/50022-0.

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"Index." In Hazardous Gas Monitoring, 203–6. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-081551469-5.50020-8.

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"Index." In Hazardous Waste Handbook, 251–54. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075067135-4/50028-6.

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"Index." In Hazardous Waste Compliance, 281–82. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075067436-2/50017-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hazardous index"

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GUO, JIAN, KAI-JIANG MA, and CHENG LUO. "SAFETY ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR VEHICLE TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ON CROSS-SEA BRIDGES." In Structural Health Monitoring 2021. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2021/36249.

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With the rapid development of China’s chemical industry in coastal areas, the transportation of hazardous chemicals has become increasingly busy. Due to the complexity of marine environment, there are a large number of safety hazards during the transportation of hazardous chemicals. Based on accident statistics, the main factors affecting the transportation safety of hazardous chemicals is analyzed, including strong wind and reduced adhesion coefficient caused by rain and snow. Further, a vehicle stability analysis model considering these factors is established to calculate the critical wind speed of sideslip. Finally, the speed of the hazardous chemical vehicle is used as the safety evaluation index, and the safety critical speed surface is given. This research has important reference value for ensuring the transportation safety of hazardous chemicals and the operation of cross-sea bridges.
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Pandey, A., P. Gupta, K. Vairagi, and S. K. Mondal. "Refractive Index Measurement of Hazardous Liquid Samples using Common Path Bessel Beam Optical Interferometry." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2020.jw2e.29.

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Lukyanchikov, M., A. Bochkov, and V. Lesnykh. "Problem of Creation of Integrated Index of Assessment of Production Safety Condition at Hazardous Production Facilities." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3_0077-cd.

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Pandey, Amit, Umesh Tiwari, and Samir K. Mondal. "Common path Bessel beam optical interferometry for refractive index measurement of hazardous liquid samples at 1550nm." In Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics, Treatment and Environmental Applications XXI, edited by Israel Gannot and Katy Roodenko. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2579232.

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Al-Okby, Mohammed Faeik Ruzaij, Sebastian Neubert, Thomas Roddelkopf, Heidi Fleischer, and Kerstin Thurow. "Evaluating of IAQ-index and TVOC As Measurements Parameters for IoT-based Hazardous Gases Detection and Alarming Systems." In 2022 IEEE 20th Jubilee World Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sami54271.2022.9780751.

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Yiqing, Liu, Wang Wei, Zhao Xiaodong, Gui Zhong, and Chen Jiangtao. "Study on Risk of Nuclear Spent Fuel Marine Transportation." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92870.

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Abstract The safety of hazardous materials marine transportation is an important aspect of marine transportation safety. As the seventh category of hazardous materials, spent fuel has strong radioactivity and high decay heat, which makes the marine transportation of spent fuel concerned by the national competent department. Risk analysis is based on the identification of risk factors, through qualitative or quantitative analysis methods, to analyze the possible consequences of these risks and the possibility of these consequences, so as to determine the corresponding risk level and formulate targeted risk control measures. The safety of marine transportation depends not only on the safety of the cargo itself, but also on the navigation safety of the ship. On the basis of introducing the steps and methods of risk analysis, this paper selects various factors affecting the safety of spent fuel marine transportation from the aspects of cargo itself and ship navigation safety, and establishes a scientific and reasonable spent fuel marine transportation safety evaluation index system; The risk factors of maritime transportation are evaluated by risk evaluation methods such as expert scoring and risk coordinate diagram, some measures and suggestions are put forward according to the evaluation results.
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Waez, Mir Seliman, Steven J. Eckels, and Christopher M. Sorensen. "Low-Cost Particulate Detection in Bleed Air." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10460.

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Abstract Bleed air is brought into aircraft cabins in order to maintain the quality of the air for passenger and crew health and comfort. The bleed air can be contaminated by oil due to oil seal leaks in the compressor which have been reported randomly and generated significant public interest. Previous studies have measured the particulate size distribution in the bleed air entering the cabin, but never distinguished the type and material of the particulate matter (PM). The particulates could be potentially hazardous oil droplets from the oil seal leaks, water droplets due the presence of fog generated by the cooling system, and so on. In this study we propose a novel technique using light scattering technology to distinguish between contaminant types. This technique uses size and complex index of refraction as the measure. Since each material has a distinct index of refraction, by determining the index of refraction, our proposed low-cost detector could distinguish the compound in the aerosol as well as determine the particle size simultaneously.
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"Development of inherent safety assessment index for e-waste recycling process: flammability parameter." In Sustainable Processes and Clean Energy Transition. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902516-42.

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Abstract. Nowadays, the usage of electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones are crucial in the daily life especially with the growing internet usage globally. The worldwide e-waste production is anticipated to be around 20 to 25 million tonnes per year and is expected to rise through the decade. Increasing amount of e-waste will become a major concern due to its harmful impact to the environment as well as human health. Investigations on the impact of e-waste recycling process in terms of flammability parameter is currently lacking. The objective of this work is to develop an inherent safety assessment index focusing on the flammability parameters assessment of e-waste recycling process. The inherent safety assessment index developed focused on the flammability value of every chemical used in e-waste recycling process particularly the hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy processes. Logistic function was used in developing the scores for flammability evaluation of e-waste processes. In this scoring index, higher flammability score indicates higher hazard. A simple case study was conducted to compare the flammability level of two e-waste recycling process, namely Process A and Process B. Process B has higher Total Flammability Score than Process A indicating it as more hazardous due to the existence of hydrochloric acid and cyanide in the process than Process A with only hydrochloric acid as its flammable chemical in terms of flammability level. This indicates that the inherent safety assessment index produced can be used to conduct preliminary evaluation on the flammability level of chemicals involved in an e-waste recycling process particularly the hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy processes. However, to achieve a more comprehensive inherent safety assessment, this index needs to be equipped with several others inherent safety assessment parameters for example explosiveness and toxicity.
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Alsafran, Mohammed, Kamal Usman, Hareb Al Jabri, and Muhammad Rizwan. "Ecological and Health Risks Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals and Metalloids Contaminants." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0015.

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Potentially toxic environmental contaminants, including metals and metalloids, are commonly found in emerging economies. At high concentrations, elements such as As, Cr, and Ni can be hazardous and may lead to various health problems in humans, including cancer. The current study measured As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn concentrations in agricultural soils. Pollution levels and potential negative impacts on human and environmental health were determined using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard methodologies. According to the study’s findings, the studied element concentrations descended in the following order: Zn > Cr > V > Ni > As > Cu > Pb > Cd. Of these, As (27.6 mg/kg), Cr (85.7 mg/kg), Ni (61.9 mg/kg), and Zn (92.3 mg/kg) concentrations were higher than average world background levels. Each of these elements also had an enrichment factor (EF > 1), indicating their anthropogenic origin. The combined pollution load index (PLI > 1) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) range values of −0.2–2.5 further indicated that the soil was polluted up to 58%. However, the ecological risk factor (Er ≤ 40.6) and potential ecological risk index (PERI = 79.6) suggested low ecological risk. A human health risk evaluation showed that only As, with a hazard index (HI) of 1.3, posed a non-carcinogenic risk to infants. Additionally, As, Cr, and Ni, with total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values of 1.18 × 10−4 and 2.06 × 10−4 for adults and children, respectively, proved carcinogenic to both age groups. The elements’ carcinogenic risk (CR) potential descended in the following order: Ni > As > Cr. Additionally, for both adults and children, oral ingestion is the most likely exposure pathway. Our findings support the need for closer monitoring of potentially toxic metals and metalloids levels in cultivated soils and farm produce in Qatar.
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Bragatto, Paolo, Corrado Delle Site, Maria Francesca Milazzo, Annalisa Pirone, and Maria Rosaria Vallerotonda. "Managing Pressure Equipment Aging in Plants With Major Accident Hazard: A Methodology Satisfying the Requirements of the European Directive 2012/18/UE Seveso III." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84687.

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Attention to be paid to the aging of industrial facilities has been growing in the last ten years, both by public authorities and industrial executives. Many process plants, operating in Europe, have reached or exceeded their project nominal life and the safe management of aging is an urgent question. Failures, due to aged chemical process plants, cause the release of hazardous materials with severe consequences for people and workers. To counteract this phenomenon, plant operators carry out many technical activities, including non-destructive controls on piping and vessels, by adopting sophisticated methods (e.g. Risk Based Inspection RBI). The European Directive 2012/18/UE (Seveso III) for the control of Major Accident Hazard (MAH) introduced a few requirements for the safe aging of critical equipment, which must be verified during mandatory audits. The aim of this work is to present a synthetic methodology that can be useful for both Seveso auditors and industrial managers for evaluating the adequacy of the measures to control the aging of critical equipment. To achieve a synthetic assessment of the adequacy of the aging management programs, a compensated index method has been developed, which is a simple and easy-to-use tool. The use of an index method inevitably introduces a degree of uncertainty. However, if it is compared to other qualitative methods, such a tool offers the advantage of a major clarity in the assessment process. This paper discusses a practical application of the method within inspection programs, as required by the art. 27 of Seveso III Directive.
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Reports on the topic "Hazardous index"

1

Wang, Chih-Hao, and Na Chen. Investigating the Resilience of Accessibility to Emergency and Lifesaving Facilities under Natural Hazards. Mineta Transportation Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2126.

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Studying accessibility, including the resilience of city transportation networks, is critical to understand how these networks influence individuals’ mobility and lives. This study developed an analytical research framework to examine the resilience of accessibility to emergency and lifesaving facilities under the threats of natural hazards such as earthquakes and wildfires. With a cumulative-opportunity approach, the authors measured accessibility by counting emergency and lifesaving facilities (including parks, schools, hospitals, roads, and fire stations) that can be reached by driving at the census tract level in San Fernando Valley, CA. With the calculated accessibility, the authors run simulations to collect data showing what would happen if an area were affected by a selected disaster. They then used statistical analysis to identify those areas where accessibility is significantly reduced compared to the original status. A normalized difference accessibility index (NDAI) was further created to suggest plans and strategies to help those vulnerable areas through adding facilities/services or improving transportation infrastructure.
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Wraight, Sarah, Julia Hofmann, Justine Allpress, and Brooks Depro. Environmental justice concerns and the proposed Atlantic Coast Pipeline route in North Carolina. RTI Press, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.mr.0037.1803.

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This report describes publicly available data sets and quantitative analysis that local communities can use to evaluate environmental justice concerns associated with pipeline projects. We applied these data and analytical methods to two counties in North Carolina (Northampton and Robeson counties) that would be affected by the proposed Atlantic Coast Pipeline (ACP). We compared demographic and vulnerability characteristics of census blocks, census block groups, and census tracts that lie within 1 mile of the proposed pipeline route with corresponding census geographies that lie outside of the 1-mile zone. Finally, we present results of a county-level analysis of race and ethnicity data for the entire North Carolina segment of the proposed ACP route. Statistical analyses of race and ethnicity data (US Census Bureau) and Social Vulnerability Index scores (University of South Carolina’s Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute) yielded evidence of significant differences between the areas crossed by the pipeline and reference geographies. No significant differences were found in our analyses of household income and cancer risk data.
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Mirel, Lisa, Cindy Zhang, Christine Cox, Ye Yeats, Félix Suad El Burai, and Golden Cordell. Comparative analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public-use and restricted-use linked mortality files. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:104744.

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"Objectives—Linking national survey data with administrative data sources enables researchers to conduct analyses that would not be possible with each data source alone. Recently, the Data Linkage Program at the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) released updated Linked Mortality Files, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data linked to the National Death Index mortality files. Two versions of the files were released: restricted-use files available through NCHS and Federal Statistical Research Data Centers and public-use files. To reduce the reidentification risk, statistical disclosure limitation methods were applied to the public-use files before they were released. This included limiting the amount of mortality information available and perturbing cause of death and follow-up time for select records. Methods—To assess the comparability of the restricted-use and public-use files, relative hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality using Cox proportional hazards models were estimated and compared. Results—The comparative analysis found that the two data files yield similar descriptive and model results. Suggested citation: Mirel LB, Zhang C, Cox CS, Ye Y, El Burai Félix S, Golden C. Comparative analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public-use and restricted-use linked mortality files. National Health Statistics Reports; no 155. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc:104744. CS323656 nhsr155-508.pdf"
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