Journal articles: 'Hazardous chemicals'

1

Grossel, Stanley S. "Hazardous chemicals handbook." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 8, no. 2 (January 1995): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-4230(95)90017-9.

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Bennett, GaryF. "Hazardous chemicals handbook." Journal of Hazardous Materials 39, no. 1 (October 1994): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(94)80071-5.

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Su, Teng, Chang Liu, and Ru Zhou. "Current situation and development trend of traceability system of hazardous chemicals in China." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126702005.

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The traceability system of hazardous chemicals is a kind of information identification and tracking technology, which mainly involves the collection and management of the whole life cycle and whole chain information of hazardous chemicals. As an important means of safety supervision of hazardous chemicals, it is conducive to the long-term development of enterprises and the improvement of public safety. At present, the safety situation of China's chemical industry is grim. It is urgent to establish a practical and effective traceability system of hazardous chemicals to eliminate the obstacles of information acquisition of hazardous chemicals, strengthen safety supervision and enhance the ability of emergency response. This paper summarizes the development process, Traceability Technology and traceability development trend of China's hazardous chemicals traceability system, and puts forward some suggestions for improving and perfecting China's hazardous chemicals traceability system.

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Scialli, Anthony R. "Hazardous chemicals desk reference." Reproductive Toxicology 6, no. 4 (July 1992): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(92)90202-5.

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Luke, Joy Turner, N. Irving Sax, and Richard J. Lewis. "Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference." Leonardo 21, no. 4 (1988): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1578713.

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6

Bennett, GaryF. "Hazardous chemicals data book." Journal of Hazardous Materials 17, no. 1 (December 1987): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(87)85054-9.

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Bennett, GaryF. "Hazardous chemicals desk reference." Journal of Hazardous Materials 19, no. 3 (January 1988): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(88)80035-9.

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Bennett, GaryF. "Hazardous chemicals desk reference." Journal of Hazardous Materials 31, no. 2 (July 1992): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(92)85036-z.

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Păsculescu, Vlad Mihai, Emilian Ghicioi, Dragoş Păsculescu, and Mircea Suciu. "Modelling the occupational exposure of workers to certain hazardous chemicals." MATEC Web of Conferences 305 (2020): 00047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030500047.

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Hazardous substances are considered to be liquids, gases or solids which are of risk for the health and safety of workers and they may be found in almost all workplaces, including in SME’s. Hazardous substances include chemical agents, but also biological ones, such as bacteria, viruses, mould etc. Most chemicals used in the industry present risk for the workers, depending on their physico-chemical properties. Directive 2012/18/EU is the legal act which regulates the chemical substances field within the Member States, regulation dealing with the control of hazards involving dangerous substances which may lead to major accidents. In Romania, Law 59 dated April 2016 on controlling the hazard of major accidents caused by hazardous substances evaluates “hazardous chemicals”, describing the risk for people and regulating concentrations of such substances. By using the commercially available Phast consequence modelling package, within this study were modelled leaks of several chemical substances used in the industry, in order to estimate their hazardous influence extent. The current article is a significant work on modelling of discharge and atmospheric dispersion of hazardous substances using state-of-the-art consequence modelling software. Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG) are used as reference exposure levels within the present study. Output data of computational modelling are significantly influenced by input parameters. In this regard, the effects of the latter for ensuring robustness of the simulation and for identifying improvements have proven to be necessary.

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Urano, Kohei. "Management Systems of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes. Recent Management Systems of Hazardous Chemicals." Waste Management Research 8, no. 2 (1997): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.8.98.

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11

Wan, Xiang Yun, and Hao Yang. "Research on Supervision System of Hazardous Chemical of Small & Medium-Scaled Cities in China Based on WEBGIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3340.

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The supervision system of hazardous chemical based on the WEBGIS technology is constructed, which displays the reality of the situation and simulates the accident consequence of security risks ( including major risk sources ) to the user in the form of map, realizes the registration of hazardous chemicals, enterprise qualification examination, administrative licensing of hazardous chemical construction projects, and investigation and rectification of the potential safety hazard in hazardous chemicals enterprise as well as management and supervision in other related business process through information means, and improves the ability of supervision and emergency rescue in chemical safety production. It has an important significance to prevent and control the major hazard. This paper introduces the supervision system of hazardous chemicals and the structure, database design, and system application of the supervision system.

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Bennett, Gary F. "Hazardous Chemicals Handbook, 2nd Edition." Journal of Hazardous Materials 97, no. 1-3 (February 2003): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(02)00240-6.

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13

Rose, Gregory. "Prior Informed Consent: Hazardous Chemicals." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 1, no. 1 (March 1992): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.1992.tb00016.x.

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14

Tang, Zhenwu, Qifei Huang, and Yufei Yang. "Overhaul rules for hazardous chemicals." Nature 525, no. 7570 (September 2015): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/525455d.

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15

Oleinick, Arthur, William J. Fodor, and Marc M. Susselman. "Risk management for hazardous chemicals." Journal of Legal Medicine 9, no. 1 (March 1988): 1–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01947648809513520.

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16

Glatzmaier, Greg C., R. Gerald Nix, and Mark S. Mehos. "Solar destruction of hazardous chemicals." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 25, no. 5 (July 1990): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529009375579.

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17

Zernov, Anatoly. "Occupational risk management when working with chemicals." Okhrana truda i tekhnika bezopasnosti na promyshlennykh predpriyatiyakh (Labor protection and safety procedure at the industrial enterprises), no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-4-2008-01.

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Occupational risks associated with the use of chemicals in work are characteristic of specific industries, as well as of everyday processes, such as washing and cleaning of equipment and production facilities, storage and transportation of substances, and handling of hazardous waste. At the conference dedicated to occupational risk management, Anatoly Zernov, a specialist at RiskProf, spoke about chemical hazards, as well as emergency situations in chemical production.

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Lim, Hong Lyuer, Eun-Hae Huh, Da-An Huh, Jong-Ryeul Sohn, and Kyong Whan Moon. "Priority Setting for the Management of Chemicals Using the Globally Harmonized System and Multivariate Analysis: Use of the Mahalanobis-Taguchi System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 27, 2019): 3119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173119.

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This study aims to provide a new methodology using the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) and the Mahalanobis–Taguchi System (MTS) that can be used to assess the overall hazard of a chemical using GHS information. Previously, hazardous chemicals were designated and managed by the Chemical Management Act, but many more chemicals are now in use. Damage prediction modeling programs predict the extent of damage and proactively manage high-risk chemicals, but the lack of physical and chemical characterization information relating to chemicals has limitations that cannot be modeled. To overcome such limitations, a new method of chemical management prioritization was developed using the GHS and Mahalanobis–Taguchi System (MTS). For effective management, the risk of a chemical can be ranked according to a comprehensive risk assessment and calculated through multivariate analysis using the GHS. Relative hazards are then identified using MTS multivariate analysis with GHS information, even when there is insufficient information about the chemical’s characteristics, and the method can be applied to a large number of different chemicals.

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Wang, Xing, Lai Wei, Xiuren Li, Fan Yang, Ying Liu, Chunhui Wang, and Yunlong Liu. "Laboratory simulation on drifting of hazardous chemical substance." E3S Web of Conferences 290 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129001003.

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The continuously increase of hazardous chemicals transportation leads to a high risk of chemicals leakage. Researches on drifting of chemical substances are of vital importance in damage reducing. Laboratory simulation on drifting of hazardous chemical substance carried out inside a wave tank at the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory. Different environmental conditions (wind, wave, etc.) were simulated in the wave tank to find out the influence of these factors on substance drifting and diffusion. To identify the difference between hazardous substance, floating ball and dyed petroleum oil were used to simulate solid and liquid floating hazardous chemical substance. The result revealed that wave can improve diffusion, the diffusion speed varies with wave height. Wind can drive surface substance, the drifting coefficient ranges from 2.1% to 3.0%, while liquid drifting coefficient is relatively larger. The laboratory results provide a basis for the study on the drifting and diffusion of hazardous chemicals at sea. Meanwhile, the coefficient could be applied as a correction in numerical models to improve prediction accuracy.

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20

Geiser, Ken. "Redesigning Chemicals Policy: A Very Different Approach." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 21, no. 3 (October 14, 2011): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns.21.3.c.

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The chemical policies of the 1970s were limited by the assumptions that lie at their foundation and focused narrowly on only the most hazardous chemicals. The effective management of chemicals requires policies that focus on the entire body of chemicals and the production systems that make them. The future will require comprehensive chemicals policies that work within a systems framework to phase out the most hazardous chemicals, progressively transition away from the remaining chemicals of concern by substituting safer chemicals and technologies, and invest heavily in a new generation of safer and more sustainable chemicals.

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21

Sun, Ning, Ke Gai, Qingling Guo, Zhenhua Li, and Zhanjun Chen. "Analysis and Improvement of Emergency Mechanism for Hazardous Chemicals Accidents in Qingyang City." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016505006.

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In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy, the dangerous chemicals enterprises in Qingyang City have also expanded and developed rapidly. The development of hazardous chemicals enterprises is increasing, the factors of instability are increasing, and the frequency of accidents involving hazardous chemicals is also increasing. While hazardous chemicals companies bring benefits, they also bring a serious threat to human life, health and property security. As a city with more dangerous chemicals companies, Qingyang has many potential safety hazards. In order to cope with many pressures, the Qingyang Municipal Government is vigorously carrying out safety production inspection and emergency mechanism construction in the hazardous chemicals industry. This paper analyzes the problems and deficiencies in the emergency management mechanism of Qingyang City from the aspects of accident prevention and early warning, emergency response, emergency plan preparation and emergency drill, which are mainly reflected in the weak foundation of accident early warning, imperfect laws and regulations, and weak awareness of public participation in emergency management. Finally, through the analysis of the existing problems and deficiencies, the emergency mechanism of Qingyang dangerous chemicals accident is improved.

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22

Cuong, Nguyen Duc, Vu Thi Hue, and Yong Shin Kim. "Thermally expanded vermiculite as a risk-free and general-purpose sorbent for hazardous chemical spillages." Clay Minerals 54, no. 3 (July 22, 2019): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/clm.2019.34.

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AbstractExpanded vermiculite with excellent thermal and chemical stability was investigated as a reliable sorbent for hazardous liquid spillages, including those leading to fire and explosion risks. Many expanded samples were prepared by rapid heating using both different temperatures and dissimilar vermiculite dimensions. Their capabilities for hazard clean-up were correlated with the structural characteristics of expanded vermiculite with slit-shaped porosity. When using optimized vermiculite, the moderate sorption capacities of 1.5–3.0 g g−1 were obtained for various hazardous chemicals, including hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic chemicals and strongly acidic/basic solutions. The sorption capacities depended more strongly on physical properties, such as the pore volume of the sorbent and the density of the absorbed liquid, rather than the vermiculite's chemical composition. The void space interconnected by interparticle/intraparticle pores worked as imbibing pathways due to their capillarity, resulting in the rapid, spontaneous sorption of hazardous chemicals. The hazardous chemicals may be removed from a testing vessel via sorption with an efficiency of >94 wt.% for 10 min. These results demonstrate that the expanded vermiculite may be a potential candidate as a reliable general-purpose sorbent for hazardous materials clean-up under harsh conditions.

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23

Zhang, Jiang-Hua, Hai-Yue Liu, Rui Zhu, and Yang Liu. "Emergency Evacuation of Hazardous Chemical Accidents Based on Diffusion Simulation." Complexity 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4927649.

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The recent rapid development of information technology, such as sensing technology, communications technology, and database, allows us to use simulation experiments for analyzing serious accidents caused by hazardous chemicals. Due to the toxicity and diffusion of hazardous chemicals, these accidents often lead to not only severe consequences and economic losses, but also traffic jams at the same time. Emergency evacuation after hazardous chemical accidents is an effective means to reduce the loss of life and property and to smoothly resume the transport network as soon as possible. This paper considers the dynamic changes of the hazardous chemicals’ concentration after their leakage and simulates the diffusion process. Based on the characteristics of emergency evacuation of hazardous chemical accidents, we build a mixed-integer programming model and design a heuristic algorithm using network optimization and diffusion simulation (hereafter NODS). We then verify the validity and feasibility of the algorithm using Jinan, China, as a computational example. In the end, we compare the results from different scenarios to explore the key factors affecting the effectiveness of the evacuation process.

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Zhao, Laijun, Ying Qian, Qing-Mi Hu, Ran Jiang, Meiting Li, and Xulei Wang. "An Analysis of Hazardous Chemical Accidents in China between 2006 and 2017." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082935.

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From the perspective of characteristics and causes, probability and forecast, and safety management evaluation, this paper analyzes 3974 hazardous chemical casualty accidents that occurred between 2006 and 2017 in China. The trends, monthly and hourly distributions, lifecycles, chemical and accident types, and the direct and indirect causes of casualty accidents are analyzed first. To estimate the probability of casualty accidents, the Poisson regression model is employed. The time series model is developed to forecast the number of casualty accidents. The safety management of hazardous chemicals is evaluated based on an inverted U-shaped curve that fits the relationship between the number of casualty accidents and petrochemical industry outputs. Moreover, measures for improving the safety management of hazardous chemicals are provided based on the analysis, forecast, and evaluation. The results show that the probability of 200–600 casualty accidents occurring per year in China is 59.10%. Sixteen of thirty provinces are identified as having better safety management with regard to hazardous chemicals.

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Huh, Da-An, Hong Lim, Jong-Ryeul Sohn, Sang-Hoon Byeon, Soonyoung Jung, Woo-Kyun Lee, and Kyong Moon. "Development of a Screening Method for Health Hazard Ranking and Scoring of Chemicals Using the Mahalanobis–Taguchi System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102208.

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For efficient management of chemicals, it is necessary to preferentially select hazardous chemicals as being high-priority through a screening method. Over the past 20 years, chemical ranking and scoring (CRS) methods have been applied in many countries; however, these CRS methods have a few limitations. Most of the existing methods only use some of the variables to calculate the hazard of chemicals or use the most conservative score without consideration of the correlation between chemical toxicities. This evaluation could underestimate or overestimate the real health hazard of the chemicals. To overcome the limitations of these methods, we developed a new CRS method using the Mahalanobis–Taguchi System (MTS). The MTS, which conducts multivariate analysis, produced chemical rankings that took into accounts the correlation between variables related to chemical health hazards. Also, the proportion of chemicals managed by the Korea Chemicals Control Act that were given a high rating appeared to be higher when the MTS was used, compared to the existing methods. These results indicated that the new method evaluated the health hazards of chemicals more accurately, and we expect that the MTS method could be applied to a greater range of chemicals than the existing CRS methods.

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Sheppard, Steve C. "Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, Fourth Edition." Journal of Environmental Quality 27, no. 2 (March 1998): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020034x.

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27

Han, Xiao Gang, Ti Jun Fan, and Shu Xia Li. "Route Optimization for Hazardous Chemicals Transportation." Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.260.

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Compared with traditional transportation focusing on how to minimize the transportation cost, hazardous chemicals transportation also needs to pay attention to how to minimize transportation risk. As the cost of risk is uncontrollable, it is urgent for people to consider the transportation strategy based on optimizing cost of risk. Based on the model of population exposure as well as the two factors of accident consequence and population density, the article has established the evaluation model on hazardous chemicals transportation risk. In order to minimize the cost of transportation, we shows an optimization algorithm based on Dijkstra algorithm to solve the risk-cost of hazardous chemicals transportation, from which we found that supervisor could decrease the transportation risk by setting corporate unit transportation risk-cost. Therefore, it has been proved that the model and solution algorithm are correct through the example.

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UNEYAMA, Chikako. "Risks from Hazardous Chemicals in Food." Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 54, no. 2 (2013): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.54.83.

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29

Forge, Andrew. "Industrial chemicals are hazardous to hearing." Lancet 353, no. 9160 (April 1999): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66932-2.

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Bennett, Gary F. "Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, 5th Edition." Journal of Hazardous Materials 94, no. 1 (September 2002): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(02)00114-0.

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31

Grossel, S. S. "Hazardous Chemicals Handbook, 2nd Edition (2002)." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 15, no. 5 (September 2002): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-4230(02)00025-6.

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32

Shelley, Mary. "Book Review: Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference." AAOHN Journal 43, no. 11 (November 1995): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999504301111.

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Maynard, R. L. "Hazardous Chemicals: Desk Reference 4th ed." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 54, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.54.5.360.

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Maynard, R. L. "Hazardous Chemicals: Desk Reference, 4th ed." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 54, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.54.7.528.

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35

Ellington, J. J., R. V. Thurston, J. Šukyt≐, and K. Kviȩtkus. "Hazardous chemicals in waters of Lithuania." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 6 (June 1996): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(96)00029-5.

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36

Fawcett, H. H. "Hazardous chemicals — Information and disposal guide." Journal of Hazardous Materials 21, no. 2 (January 1989): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(89)85012-5.

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37

Bennett, GaryF. "Handbook of toxic hazardous chemicals carcinogens." Journal of Hazardous Materials 31, no. 1 (June 1992): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(92)87061-j.

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38

Choi, Hyeong-Jin, Yong Choi, and Seung-Whee Rhee. "A new concept of advanced management of hazardous waste in the Republic of Korea." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 11 (August 13, 2019): 1153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19865337.

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In order to activate the recycling of hazardous wastes, the hazardous characteristics of wastes should be removed or stabilized. However, most recyclers in recycling companies do not understand how to remove the hazardous characteristics in wastes with the proper technology. The aim of a new form of advanced management of hazardous waste is to inform recyclers and operators in industries about hazardous characteristics and the treatment methods required for all management processes, from waste generation to final treatment. In a new method of advanced management of hazardous wastes, chemicals in the waste should be initially examined at the generation source in each industry to create a chemical catalogue. Since hazardous characteristics can be determined by a chemical catalogue obtained from the waste, the hazardous characteristics of wastes can be established and considered when choosing the proper treatment method. Then, the categories of waste treatment methods for each hazardous characteristic can be introduced for generators to treat hazardous wastes properly. Therefore, it is possible to create a link between the source and the final treatment of hazardous wastes using a new concept of industry (In), waste (W), hazardous chemicals and their hazardous characteristics (Ha) and treatment methods (T). This new concept of the “InWhat” system, which includes all management processes in Korea, from waste generation to final treatment, will be proposed as a tool in the advanced management of hazardous wastes.

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Halfon, Efraim, and Rainer Bruggemann. "Environmental Hazard of Eight Chemicals Present in the Rhine River." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 8-9 (August 1, 1989): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0284.

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In this paper we rank the environmental hazard of eight chemicals, Disulfoton, Dinitroorthocresol, Propetamphos, Thiometon, Parathion, Etrimphos, Metoxuron and Fenitrothion found in the German section of the Rhine River. Five attributes related to the toxicity, physico-chemical characteristics and fate are used to rank the chemicals. Results by two ranking methods show that these chemicals can be divided into two groups, the most hazardous include Dinitroorthocresol, Propetamphos and Parathion, and the least hazardous include DisuHoton, Thiometon, Etrimphos, Metoxuron and Fenitrothion.

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Ha, Nuri, Seohyeon Oh, Seunghee Lee, Yujin Jung, Jiyul Choi, and Sokhee P. Jung. "Institutional Management Plan for Hazardous Chemical Substances in Textile Products." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 390–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.5.390.

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Due to accidents related to chemical substances at home and abroad, the effects of hazardous chemicals on the environment and interest in them are increasing. In order to prevent the occurrence of hazardous chemical accidents, it is first necessary to clarify institutional standards for hazardous chemicals. Among the daily life products in which hazardous chemicals are detected, textile products are in close contact with the human body for a very long time, and thus are closely related to human health. However, our society's interest in the health of chemical substances in textile products is still insignificant. Therefore, this paper examines the seriousness of hazardous chemical substances in textile products and the limitations of their management system, and considers institutional supplementary measures.<br/>Formaldehyde, arylamine, and dimethyl-fumarate, which are regulated as harmful substances in textile products, mainly cause skin diseases through skin contact, and may cause organ damage when absorbed into the body. In Korea, hazardous chemicals are regulated in advance through the KC system. However, this system regulates only some of the heavy metals that are eluted, and chemicals such as phenols and toluene are not subject to regulation. The issuance of the KC mark is poor, and there is a problem that there is no obligation to mark the certification mark if the product is not intended for under 14 years of age. Therefore, it is necessary to expand and strengthen the scope of the regulation. It is mandatory to re-inspect OEKO-TEX® STANDARD, the standard of multinational corporations, every three years. The KC system also needs to follow this.<br/>The post-safety management system used when harmful fiber products exceeding the regulatory standards were analyzed by dividing into a product accident investigation and a national recall system. In order to increase the recall recovery rate, it is necessary to strengthen the information collection system, improve business awareness, and classify the recall stage as supplementary measures. Companies need to provide highly reliable textile products to consumers by participating in the ZDHC and Higg Index, which are programs for reducing hazardous chemical substances in textiles.

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Melnikova, Natalia, Jennifer Wu, Alice Yang, and Maureen Orr. "Acute Chemical Incidents With Injured First Responders, 2002-2012." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.50.

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AbstractIntroductionFirst responders, including firefighters, police officers, emergency medical services, and company emergency response team members, have dangerous jobs that can bring them in contact with hazardous chemicals among other dangers. Limited information is available on responder injuries that occur during hazardous chemical incidents.MethodsWe analyzed 2002-2012 data on acute chemical incidents with injured responders from 2 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry chemical incident surveillance programs. To learn more about such injuries, we performed descriptive analysis and looked for trends.ResultsThe percentage of responders among all injured people in chemical incidents has not changed over the years. Firefighters were the most frequently injured group of responders, followed by police officers. Respiratory system problems were the most often reported injury, and the respiratory irritants, ammonia, methamphetamine-related chemicals, and carbon monoxide were the chemicals more often associated with injuries. Most of the incidents with responder injuries were caused by human error or equipment failure. Firefighters wore personal protective equipment (PPE) most frequently and police officers did so rarely. Police officers’ injuries were mostly associated with exposure to ammonia and methamphetamine-related chemicals. Most responders did not receive basic awareness-level hazardous material training.ConclusionAll responders should have at least basic awareness-level hazardous material training to recognize and avoid exposure. Research on improving firefighter PPE should continue. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:211–221)

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Sun, Yanlong, Xinming Qian, Yangyang Liu, Jianwei Wang, Qunbo Lv, and Mengqi Yuan. "Identification of Typical Solid Hazardous Chemicals Based on Hyperspectral Imaging." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 2608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132608.

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The identification of hazardous chemicals based on hyperspectral imaging is an important emergent means for the prevention of explosion accidents and the early warning of secondary hazards. In this study, we used a combination of spectral curve matching based on full-waveform characteristics and spectral matching based on spectral characteristics to identify the hazardous chemicals, and proposed a method to quantitatively characterize the matching degree of the spectral curves of hazardous chemicals. The results showed that the four hazardous chemicals, sulfur, red phosphorus, potassium permanganate, and corn starch had bright colors, distinct spectral curve characteristics, and obvious changes in reflectivity, which were easy to identify. Moreover, the matching degree of their spectral curves was positively correlated with their reflectivity. However, the spectral characteristics of carbon powder, strontium nitrate, wheat starch, and magnesium–aluminum alloy powder were not obvious, with no obvious characteristic peaks or trends of change in reflectivity. Except for the reflectivity and the matching degree of the carbon powder being maintained at a low level, the reflectivity of the remaining three samples was relatively close, so that it was difficult to identify with the spectral curves alone, and color information should be considered for further identification.

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Kuprin, Gennady N., and Denis S. Kuprin. "Fast-Hardening Foam: Fire and Explosion Prevention at Facilities with Hazardous Chemicals." Journal of Materials Science Research 6, no. 4 (August 25, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v6n4p56.

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Analysis of the terroristic attacks in Siria, Afghanistan and other countries has shown high probability of the hazardous chemicals application by the terroristic groups. In the article the most catastrophic accidents which were connected with hazardous chemicals are described.That is why research and developments in the sphere of protection from hazardous chemicals are still actual.This article is dedicated to the new screening method of the spilled hazardous chemicals surface on the example of protection of the factories with these substances. Methodology, experimental apparatus, protective fast-hardening foam features, names of hazardous chemicals are shown.Test were made for such chemicals as: acetic acid, acetone, ammonia, bromine, chlorbenzene, chloroform, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride, hexane, hydrazine, diesel fuel, dichlorethane, kerosene, toluene, phenol, hydrogen fluoride. Fantastic results were achieved in terms of isolating capability of the fast-hardening foam against evaporations of the pointed substances.

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Molander, Linda, and Alison K. Cohen. "EU and US Regulatory Approaches to Information on Chemicals in Products: Implications for Consumers." European Journal of Risk Regulation 3, no. 4 (December 2012): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00002440.

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Information dissemination across the supply chain to consumers about chemicals’ hazardous properties and presence in consumer products has been recognized as insufficient to improve to enable both producers and end-users to avoid hazardous chemicals and to manage risks to human health and the environment. A comparative analysis of the information requirements in four EU legislations (the CLP, the Cosmetics regulation, REACH, and the Toys Safety Directive) and three US legislations (California's Proposition 65 and Senate Bill 509, and the national TSCA) was conducted with the aim of studying to what extent existing regulatory information approaches require information to be disseminated to consumers. In general, the European legislations address and promote consumers’ access to information on chemicals in products more comprehensively than the American legislations, but the amount and type of information required to be disseminated to consumers varies widely. These differences include which chemicals are prioritised, if the chemical is used in a mixture or an article, what information dissemination strategies are used, and who is responsible for consumers accessing the information. It is recommended that chemical information policies should, at minimum, require chemical suppliers to inform consumers of hazardous chemicals present in their products and, if possible, recommend risk management measures to ensure a safe use of consumer products.

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Iwai, Tetsuo, and Kengo Ando. "Management Systems of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes. Internal Management System of Hazardous Chemicals at Automobile Production Plant." Waste Management Research 8, no. 2 (1997): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.8.128.

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Lee, G. Fred, and Anne Jones-Lee. "Issues in monitoring hazardous chemicals in stormwater runoff/discharges from superfund and other hazardous chemical sites." Remediation Journal 20, no. 2 (March 2010): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.20244.

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Chatrath, Harsha. "DESTRUCTION OF RESINOUS COMPOUND FROM WASTE BY USE OF NATURAL ENZYMES." Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 2, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2016.245.

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In present scenario huge quantity of waste are produced every day. It contains plastics, waste papers, plastic containers, some of these are degradable, and some of these are non-degradable waste.Non-biodegradable things are present in waste treated with mechanical pulverizing mechanisms and with few of strong chemical. Chemicals such as concentrated Hydrochloric, Sulphuric acids, sulphamic acids and many other hazardous chemicals are used for destroying wastes in simple form or in disperse form. Almost 70% of the waste is being dumped in the soil layer. After certain interval of time compounds present in soils such as salts of the metals and temperature of soil help in decomposing the waste periodically. Due to this process large quantity of soil gets contaminated. In this project we have tried to replace hazardous chemicals with other non-hazardous chemicals and some natural enzymes, which may give same reactions as with toxic chemicals. Objectives may also helps in use of eco friendly chemicals for reducing soil pollution and water pollutions. Hence it will minimize the other impacts on environment such as air pollution, noise pollutions, water pollutions and soil pollutions. All process will carry out under Green Chemistry cycles.

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Whittier, Nicole, Deborah French McCoy, and Matthew Ward. "EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL SPILL CONSEQUENCES USING MODELING1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-421.

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ABSTRACT A wide variety of chemicals are shipped in bulk world-wide, raising concerns regarding the ecological and human health risks of hazardous chemical spills. A screening analysis was performed using the chemical spill model, CHEMMAP, to estimate the fate and concentrations of selected chemicals in water and the atmosphere above the water, as well as the potential for ecological and human health impacts that would result from a spill into a large channel. A representative sample of chemicals, including floating, sinking, soluble and insoluble chemicals, were evaluated using typical shipping volumes to assess worst-case scenarios. The model uses physical and chemical properties to simulate three dimensional fate processes, including: (1) spreading (floating liquids), (2) transport (3) dispersion, (4) evaporation-volatilization, (5) entrainment (liquids), (6) dissolution, (7) partitioning, (8) sedimentation, (9) resuspension and (10) degradation. Estimates of the distribution of chemical (mass and concentrations) on the water surface, on shorelines, in the water column, in the sediments, and in the lower atmosphere (in the zone where there would be exposure to humans and wildlife) are calculated over time. Based on model outputs, it is possible to select chemicals that would have the highest ecological and human health consequences after a spill. Chemicals that would have the greatest ecological consequence are those that are not highly volatile, disperse readily, are soluble, and have the lowest threshold of concern. Similarly, it is possible to select chemicals that would have the greatest human health concern, which would be chemicals that are more volatile and present hazards via the inhalation pathway. The model results can be used to indicate safe distances for responders, as well as the area of water that may be contaminated above thresholds of concern. This paper describes the model's application to hypothetical spills of selected chemicals and the rank order of these chemicals based on how hazardous they are to human health and the ecosystem.

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Gang, Ji. "Management of Hazardous Chemicals in Petrochemical Research." Modern Analytical Chemistry Research 2, no. 3 (2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/macr.0203011c.

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WANG, Sunny. "Regulatory Compliance for Hazardous Chemicals in China." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 90, no. 6 (2017): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.90.223.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hazardous chemicals'

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