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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hazardous chemicals

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hazardous chemicals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hazardous chemicals"

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Grossel, Stanley S. "Hazardous chemicals handbook." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 8, no. 2 (January 1995): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-4230(95)90017-9.

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Bennett, GaryF. "Hazardous chemicals handbook." Journal of Hazardous Materials 39, no. 1 (October 1994): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(94)80071-5.

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Su, Teng, Chang Liu, and Ru Zhou. "Current situation and development trend of traceability system of hazardous chemicals in China." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126702005.

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The traceability system of hazardous chemicals is a kind of information identification and tracking technology, which mainly involves the collection and management of the whole life cycle and whole chain information of hazardous chemicals. As an important means of safety supervision of hazardous chemicals, it is conducive to the long-term development of enterprises and the improvement of public safety. At present, the safety situation of China's chemical industry is grim. It is urgent to establish a practical and effective traceability system of hazardous chemicals to eliminate the obstacles of information acquisition of hazardous chemicals, strengthen safety supervision and enhance the ability of emergency response. This paper summarizes the development process, Traceability Technology and traceability development trend of China's hazardous chemicals traceability system, and puts forward some suggestions for improving and perfecting China's hazardous chemicals traceability system.

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Scialli, Anthony R. "Hazardous chemicals desk reference." Reproductive Toxicology 6, no. 4 (July 1992): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(92)90202-5.

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Luke, Joy Turner, N. Irving Sax, and Richard J. Lewis. "Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference." Leonardo 21, no. 4 (1988): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1578713.

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Bennett, GaryF. "Hazardous chemicals data book." Journal of Hazardous Materials 17, no. 1 (December 1987): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(87)85054-9.

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Bennett, GaryF. "Hazardous chemicals desk reference." Journal of Hazardous Materials 19, no. 3 (January 1988): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(88)80035-9.

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Bennett, GaryF. "Hazardous chemicals desk reference." Journal of Hazardous Materials 31, no. 2 (July 1992): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(92)85036-z.

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Păsculescu, Vlad Mihai, Emilian Ghicioi, Dragoş Păsculescu, and Mircea Suciu. "Modelling the occupational exposure of workers to certain hazardous chemicals." MATEC Web of Conferences 305 (2020): 00047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030500047.

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Hazardous substances are considered to be liquids, gases or solids which are of risk for the health and safety of workers and they may be found in almost all workplaces, including in SME’s. Hazardous substances include chemical agents, but also biological ones, such as bacteria, viruses, mould etc. Most chemicals used in the industry present risk for the workers, depending on their physico-chemical properties. Directive 2012/18/EU is the legal act which regulates the chemical substances field within the Member States, regulation dealing with the control of hazards involving dangerous substances which may lead to major accidents. In Romania, Law 59 dated April 2016 on controlling the hazard of major accidents caused by hazardous substances evaluates “hazardous chemicals”, describing the risk for people and regulating concentrations of such substances. By using the commercially available Phast consequence modelling package, within this study were modelled leaks of several chemical substances used in the industry, in order to estimate their hazardous influence extent. The current article is a significant work on modelling of discharge and atmospheric dispersion of hazardous substances using state-of-the-art consequence modelling software. Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG) are used as reference exposure levels within the present study. Output data of computational modelling are significantly influenced by input parameters. In this regard, the effects of the latter for ensuring robustness of the simulation and for identifying improvements have proven to be necessary.

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Urano, Kohei. "Management Systems of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes. Recent Management Systems of Hazardous Chemicals." Waste Management Research 8, no. 2 (1997): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.8.98.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hazardous chemicals"

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Chan, Wai-man. "The control and management of dangerous substances and chemicals in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945711.

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Barrios, Paula. "Liberal environmentalism and the international law of hazardous chemicals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/354.

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This study looks at the role that liberal economic norms are playing in international environmental negotiations on hazardous chemicals (including wastes), and the implications of these norms for the protection of the environment and human health from the thousands of chemicals on the market. The key trait of liberal economic norms in relation to global environmental governance is their assumption that the liberalisation of trade and finance and economic growth are both consistent with and necessary for environmental protection. From this assumption follows, for instance, the idea that states should adopt the "least-trade restrictive" measures required to protect the environment and human health. I argue that liberal economic norms are "hegemonic," in a Gramscian sense, in chemicals-related international environmental negotiations. This means that a wide range of actors, including those that do not necessarily accept the liberal economic perspective, are upholding liberal economic norms in their statements and proposals if not out of conviction then out of a perceived need to be realistic or persuasive. The most important implication of liberal economic hegemony is that it is widely assumed that human health and the environment can be effectively protected from the negative effects of hazardous chemicals even though the volume of chemicals and chemical-containing products being consumed is increasing at a spectacular rate. The issue of growing consumption of chemicals is therefore consistently framed as a problem of quality (hazardousness) rather than quantity. To understand consumption in this narrow sense is problematic, however, because there is considerable scientific uncertainty concerning the environmental and health effects of most of the chemicals on the market and because chemicals that pose minimal risks to the environment and human health might be very hazardous when they are being manufactured or upon becoming waste. In order to address the problem of hazardous chemicals effectively, it is necessary to challenge the hegemony of liberal economic norms in international environmental negotiations. This can be done, I conclude, by deepening a number of fissures in the hegemony of the liberal economic perspective that can be detected in the context of chemicals-related instruments.

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Lycett, James Edward. "Knowledge based systems for decision support in emergency situations." Thesis, Teesside University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358745.

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Graham, William Robert. "Guidelines for the safe handling of hazardous chemicals, a collaborative approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0001/MQ41804.pdf.

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Petrie, Bruce. "Enhancing the removal of a diverse range of hazardous chemicals from wastewaters." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8506.

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Due to increasingly stringent legislation covering the discharge of hazardous chemicals into the environment, existing wastewater treatment processes need to be upgraded for their removal. This thesis explores the removal of a diverse range of hazardous chemicals during secondary wastewater treatment with the overall aim of enhancing their removal simultaneously by activated sludge. Previous research in this field has made the broad comparison of full-scale activated sludge plants (ASPs) which receive varying influent sewage compositions and flow. Consequently, assessing the direct impact of process operation to hazardous chemical removal has been difficult. In this study, the independent impact of the process variables solids retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were examined using a pilot-scale ASP. To measure ASP resilience for the removal of a wide range of hazardous chemicals of varied chemistry and preferred removal pathways steroid estrogens, nonylphenolic surfactants and metals were monitored. Cont/d.

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Kassam, Zara. "Degradation of polypropylene and novel blend formulations, and the release of hazardous chemicals." Thesis, Kingston University, 2017. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/39247/.

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Opdyke, Daniel Robert. "Probabilistic groundwater transport of chemicals under non-equilibrium sorption conditions /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Chia, Valerie Jing-chi. "Life-cycle analysis of hazardous chemicals in the Department of Materials Science & Engineering." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81139.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 29).
MIT policies set forth by the Department of Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) require that all laboratories maintain a chemical inventory to properly document the use of hazardous chemicals. While EHS has provided a chemical inventory management tool called ChemTracker to help labs to do so, it is estimated that less than 20% of laboratories utilize the software. As a result, an EHS committee has been formed to re-evaluate ChemTracker and explore other options for inventory management. RFPs have been sent to potential vendors to determine if alternatives can better satisfy the goals of EHS and attain the benefits of effective chemical management. To analyze the problem of low usage rates of ChemTracker, interviews were conducted with research groups within the Department of Materials Science & Engineering (DMSE). These revealed that the largest variables were the number of chemicals used by the lab and the user-friendliness of the software. The initial time investment to switch from current, simpler methods to ChemTracker discouraged many smaller labs from pursuing that option. Current users of ChemTracker also expressed frustration with auto-fill features that weren't comprehensive and thus hindered the process of entering and updating inventory. Future work should expand into other departments to observe usage behavior and concerns and compare to those within DMSE. Any chemical inventory management software should be user-tested prior to full Institute implementation to ensure adoption by a larger proportion of groups around campus. While compulsory software would also ensure adoption, a one-size-fits-all approach is not appropriate for chemical tracking due to the hassle it could create and the potential impact on productivity of research itself. Thus, further analysis of user concerns and better marketing of the tools to address those concerns are required for a successful solution to the problem.
by Valerie Jing-chi Chia.
S.B.

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Benn, Suzanne Harriette Science &amp Technology Studies UNSW. "The Environmental Challenge to the Overloaded State: The Politics of Toxic Chemicals in NSW since the late 1970s." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Science and Technology Studies, 1999. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32639.

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This thesis is a regional interdisciplinary analysis of the environmental challenge to the liberal democratic state. It situates these new problems of governance in one of the dominating political conflicts of our time, the battle between market and state for the 'commanding heights'. By the end of the 1970s, environmental concerns had added to the social crises associated with the overloaded, welfare state. The study sets the political context through an exposition of the perceived problems of the overloaded state, analysed by neo-Marxist theorists in terms of rationality and legitimacy deficits and by public choice theorists in terms of the incentives and calculations confronting rational individuals. It draws out the association between these alternative perspectives on 'state overload' and the political philosophies of corporatism and neo-liberalism, showing that, on the neo-Marxist understanding, corporatism addresses the functional requirements of late capitalism, while public choice precepts are strongly influential on leading elements of neo-liberalism. This political analysis is developed through the history of a landmark piece of legislation, the Environmentally Hazardous Chemicals Act (NSW) 1985, in toxic chemicals policymaking from the late 1970s to the end of 1997. The interpretation of the case material shows that the response in NSW to the environmental problematic has been driven by the reform agenda of the successive political programs of corporatism and neo-liberalism for the state, the bureaucracy and the democratic process. Neither the corporatist nor the neo-liberal programs succeeded in meeting environmental criteria. Examination of the inadequate responses of both corporatism and neo-liberalism, when measured against sustainability criteria, leads to a deeper understanding of the institutional reforms required if these criteria are to be addressed. The thesis concludes that the failure to effect successful reform of toxic chemicals policy in NSW reflects the failure of leading political theorems of the liberal democratic state to incorporate sustainability criteria successfully into their reform agenda for the state, the bureaucracy and the democratic process. These regional issues are shown to be thematic for the nation-state when raised in the context of the globalisation of the environmental challenge and the inter nationalisation of market forces. The thesis concludes with a brief review of some recent political theory in relation to the programmatic issues of sustainability and democracy which it has pursued.

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Romero, HernaÌndez Omar. "Integrated approach to determine an optimal degree of wastewater pollution abatement in process industries." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313693.

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Books on the topic "Hazardous chemicals"

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J, Mumford C., ed. Hazardous chemicals handbook. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002.

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J, Mumford C., ed. Hazardous chemicals handbook. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994.

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Hazardous chemicals desk reference. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

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J, Lewis Richard. Hazardous chemicals desk reference. 6th ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2008.

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Sax, N. Irving. Hazardous chemicals desk reference. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1987.

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Norback, Craig T. Hazardous chemicals on file. Edited by Norback Judith. New York, N.Y: Facts on File Publications, 1988.

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Hazardous chemicals desk reference. 2nd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.

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J, Lewis Richard. Hazardous chemicals desk reference. 3rd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993.

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J, Lewis Richard. Hazardous chemicals desk reference. 4th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1997.

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Hazardous chemicals desk reference. 4th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hazardous chemicals"

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Kågeson, Per. "Hazardous Chemicals." In Economy & Environment, 203–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5264-8_12.

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Murray, George M., and David S. Lawrence. "Hazardous Environment Monitoring." In Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis, 65–88. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470012285.ch5.

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"Hazardous Chemicals." In Rules of Thumb for Petroleum Engineers, 395–97. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119403647.ch180.

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"Hazardous Chemicals." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 845. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_7380.

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"Hazardous Chemicals." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 337. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95726-5_300066.

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"Chemicals, Hazardous." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 325. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_2785.

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Vogel, David. "Chemicals and Hazardous Substances." In The Politics of Precaution. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691124162.003.0005.

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This chapter looks at American and European policies toward the risks of chemicals and hazardous substances. The 1976 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) significantly strengthened American chemical regulations and contributed to the 1979 decision of the EU to both harmonize and strengthen its chemical regulations, though they remained weaker than those of the United States. While there has been no major statutory change in American chemical regulation since then, in 2006 the EU approved REACH—the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals, which made European chemical regulations significantly more stringent and comprehensive than those of the United States. Meanwhile, risk assessments by the U.S. federal government do not consider the hazardous substances in electronics deposited in landfills as a threat to public health.

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"Hazardous Chemical Substances:." In Hazardous Chemicals, 409–12. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14758-24.

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Stoff, Heiko, and Anthony S. Travis. "Discovering Chemical Carcinogenesis:." In Hazardous Chemicals, 137–78. Berghahn Books, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1850hst.10.

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Morris, Peter J. T. "A Tale of Two Nations:." In Hazardous Chemicals, 294–327. Berghahn Books, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1850hst.15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hazardous chemicals"

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Carlson, Rowena M., Laura E. Bunney, and Donald N. Williams. "Hazardous chemicals detection experiment." In Substance Identification Technologies, edited by Geoffrey L. Harding, Richard C. Lanza, Lawrence J. Myers, and Peter A. Young. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.171272.

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Shah, Tejas, Jassim Jawas, Hasan Mohd, A. Karam Al Farisi, and Jordan Chester Banluta. "Personal Exposure Monitoring of Hazardous Chemicals." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/183302-ms.

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Kokosa, John M. "Hazardous chemicals produced by laser materials processing." In ILSC® ‘92: Proceedings of the International Laser Safety Conference. Laser Institute of America, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5056329.

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Xiaogang, Jiang, and Li Xin. "Research on hazardous chemicals information management system." In 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsn.2011.6014649.

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Yang, Yongmo, and Junseok Chae. "A Compact Separation Column For Hazardous Chemicals." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coase.2007.4341842.

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Kubach, Uwe, Christian Decker, and Ken Douglas. "Collaborative control and coordination of hazardous chemicals." In the 2nd international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1031495.1031552.

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Zhou, Fan, Genmin Zhu, Jiahao Yang, and weixing Wu. "Smart Management System for Hazardous Chemicals Park." In 2021 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Engineering (ICBAIE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbaie52039.2021.9389874.

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Davis, N. "106. Hazardous Waste Sites, Significant Other Health and Safety Hazards Besides Chemicals." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764765.

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Stoyanova, Antoaneta. "PREVENTION IN THE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE OF CHEMICALS AND MIXTURES." In THE LAW AND THE BUSINESS IN THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/lbcs2020.94.

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Preventing the risk of accidents and fires with hazardous substances limits their consequences for human life and health, as well as for the environment in general. Therefore, an assessment of compliance with the necessary regulatory criteria and documentation of the classification of chemicals and preparations is needed. The purpose of this study is to perform an analysis of regulatory requirements related to chemicals and mixtures and to present a methodology for assessing and managing their compatibility during storage according to their hazard class. The adopted safety measures and requirements are aimed at ensuring the safety of the storage of hazardous chemicals and materials, because they cause many hazards to both human health and the environment. This material is aimed at business operators related to the transport and storage of dangerous goods, as well as companies that use and store chemicals as raw materials for the production of their chemical products.

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Heng, Iem, Andy Zhang, Michael Heimbinder, and Raymond Yap. "A Unique Environmental Mobile Device for Detecting Hazardous Chemicals." In 2012 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2012.19.

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Reports on the topic "Hazardous chemicals"

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Holmes, J. M., and C. H. Byers. Countermeasures to hazardous chemicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6232645.

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Blake, Daniel M. Solar Processes for the Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1114052.

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Kabadi, Vinayak N. FAST Center for Environmental Remediation, Fate and Transport of Hazardous Chemicals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416214.

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Vogtlin, G., N. Bardsley, B. Penetrante, and H. Warman. Final report pulsed plasma processing of effluent pollutants and hazardous chemicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/620595.

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Modell, Michael. Detoxification and Disposal of Hazardous Organic Chemicals by Processing in Supercritical Water. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada179005.

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Gallucci, R. H. V. Impacts on health and safety from transfer/consolidation of nuclear materials and hazardous chemicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/28279.

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Evans, R. A., and K. J. Martin. [List of hazardous and extremely hazardous chemicals at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant]. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act Section 311. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/671942.

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Wolfram, J. H., M. Radtke, J. E. Wey, R. D. Rogers, and E. H. Rau. Degradation of hazardous chemicals in liquid radioactive wastes from biomedical research using a mixed microbial population. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/671847.

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Rogers, C. J., A. Kornel, and H. L. Sparks. Base catalyzed decomposition of toxic and hazardous chemicals. [Final report, September 4, 1990--September 30, 1991]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10170178.

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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.

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