Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hazard'
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1
Williams, David D. "Hazard signs." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245688200.
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Yang, Y.-S. "Marine hazard assessment." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356793.
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Abdel-Latif, M. A. "Landslide hazard assessment." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1371042717.
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Ricci, Edward D. "Environmental Hazard Evaluations." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296376.
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From the Proceedings of the 1987 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association, Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science and the Arizona Hydrological Society - April 18, 1987, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
5
Cameron, Lee R. J. "Aerosol explosion hazard quantification." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311674.
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Kovář, Milan. "Hazard v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9202.
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This thesis engages in discribing Czech gambling law and it's recent development in preparing a very new gambling act. The goal of this diploma thesis is to point out at the biggest problems of so far existing gambling act and at what way they should be dealt in the new one. I use two main economic theories to explain reasons of issuing new act. The first one is The Theory of Interest Groups and the other one is Theory of Public Interest which are applied at the case of Czech Republic. Next goal of this thesis is an analysis of popularity of all gambles according to sum of money gambled and money paid back. I also describe a historic development of gambles and it's regulation and show that the ability to innovate new ways to evade the law had very often no limits and the regularors have never been able to make up a clear set of rules that would be unavoidable.
7
Kozák, Jakub. "Internetový hazard v USA." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17100.
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This diploma thesis is focused on comparison of two political approaches to a quite new e-commerce industry -- internet gambling. These approaches are prohibition on the one hand and regulation, free market environment, on the other hand. Internet gambling became the worldwide phenomenon. However, American legislators had passed the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act 2006 in 2006 which outlawed an internet gambling. The declared purpose of this Act is protection of families against ill effects, such money laundering, underage gambling and problem gambling on society. This paper argues that regulation and free market environment established in Great Britain is much more effective way how to solve these key issues. There is demonstrated in the paper that free market stands for economically preferable option and contains better instruments for solving the issues at the same time.
8
Hjorth, Christian Overvåg. "Hazard boilerplates in safety analysis : Aspects of hazard identification using boilerplates and ontologies." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23001.
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In the Specialization Project, we looked at methods of performing safety analysis in the early stages of development based upon the use of boilerplates and ontologies. Based on our work, we suggested two approaches for performing safety analysis: global hazards using can-cause chains and human failure modes. The method of global hazard focus on identifying events in a system that can cause hazards which affects the environment it operates in. The method of human failure modes introduces generic failures for human, in order to identify hazards related to the operator of the system.We were interested in assessing how good our suggested methods were in identifying hazards during the safety analysis. To do this, we chose to create two research questions to be answered in this thesis:RQ1: Is it easier to discover possible environment threatening hazards with global hazards and can-cause chains?RQ2:Is it easier to discover possible operator hazards with human failure modes?To answer our research questions, we chose perform an experiment with students using the suggested methods for safety analysis of two systems. The experiment gaveus a good illustration of how the procedure would work in a real hazard analysis project. The results for global hazards with can-cause chains indicate that the method is not in a state where it can be used for safety analysis as of yet. There are still too many ambiguities as too how the chains should be created, and the feedback from the students indicates that it is difficult to learn and use the method. The algorithm needs to be further structured and we must obtain better documentation of how to perform it.The data from the experiment indicate that human failure modes have proven to be efficient at identifying operator related hazards. The method was given overall favorable feedback from the students, and appeared to identify many of the hazards in the test case. Our hypothesis was that it would be better than the method of system diagrams at identifying operator related hazards. The results from the experiment support this hypothesis.
9
Parchment, Ann. "Development of a novel method for cross-disciplinary hazard identification." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8054.
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Hazards and risks are currently identified in generic risk silos using top-down tools and methods which are incorporated into whole system risk management frameworks such as enterprise risk management. The current methods of identification and documentation are linear in approach and presentation. However, the world is multi-dimensional requiring a method of identification which responds to complex non-linear relationships. A method is required to identify cross- disciplinary hazards and formulate a register method to evidence the identified hazards. This study uses expert elicitation, web, survey and case studies to develop a method for cross-disciplinary hazard identification by application of the dimensions of generic, interface, causation and accumulation. The results of the study found many of the tools and methods used for hazard and risk identification such as hazard and operability studies took a top down approach commencing with a known failure and establishing cause and effect. The starting position of a known failure or event precludes identification of new types of failure or events and perpetuates a linear approach to hazard identification. Additionally the linear design of a risk register does not facilitate the presentation of multidimensional hazards. The current methods do not accommodate multiple lifecycles and components within cross discipline relationships. The method was applied to three case studies. The first case study had an existing risk register of 50 risks, post method application an additional 531 hazards were identified; case study (2) a register of 49 hazards and post method application additional hazards of 261; case study (3) an initial register of 45 hazards and an additional 384 hazards after method application. The impact of the method application highlights inconsistencies in the initial risk register and provides a tool which will aid the identification understanding and communication of hazards. Additionally it documents previously unidentified cross-disciplinary hazards and provides a proactive register method for identification and documentation by application of the dimensions of interface, causation and accumulation.
10
Guzzetti, Fausto. "Landslide hazard and risk assessment." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980716993.
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Betton, Sandra Ann. "Bankruptcy : a proportional hazard approach." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26056.
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The recent dramatic increase in the corporate bankruptcy rate, coupled with a similar rate of increase in the bank failure rate, has re-awakened investor, lender and government interest in the area of bankruptcy prediction. Bankruptcy prediction models are of particular value to a firm's current and future creditors who often do not have the benefit of an actively traded market in the firm's securities from which to make inferences about the debtor's viability. The models commonly used by many experts in an endeavour to predict the possibility of disaster are outlined in this paper.
The proportional hazard model, pioneered by Cox [1972], assumes that the hazard function, the risk of failure, given failure has not already occurred, is a function of various explanatory variables and estimated coefficients multiplied by an arbitrary and unknown function of time. The Cox Proportional Hazard model is usually applied in medical studies; but, has recently been applied to the bank failure question [Lane, Looney & Wansley, 1986]. The model performed well in the narrowly defined, highly regulated, banking industry. The principal advantage of this approach is that the model incorporates both the survival times observed and any censoring of data thereby using more of the available information in the analysis. Unlike many bankruptcy prediction models, such as logit and probit based regression models, the Cox model estimates the probability distribution of survival times. The proportional hazard model would, therefore, appear to offer a useful addition to the more traditional bankruptcy prediction models mentioned above.
This paper evaluates the applicability of the Cox proportional hazard model in the more diverse industrial environment. In order to test this model, a sample of 109 firms was selected from the Compustat Industrial and Research Industrial data tapes. Forty one of these firms filed petitions under the various bankruptcy acts applicable between 1972 and 1985 and were matched to 67 firms which had not filed petitions for bankruptcy during the same period. In view of the dramatic changes in the bankruptcy regulatory environment caused by the Bankruptcy reform act of 1978, the legal framework of the bankruptcy process was also examined.
The performance of the estimated Cox model was then evaluated by comparing its classification and descriptive capabilities to those of an estimated discriminant analysis based model. The results of this study indicate that while the classification capability of the Cox model was less than that of discriminant analysis, the model provides additional information beyond that available from the discriminant analysis.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
12
Teakle, Geraldine Mary Reid. "Incentives for earthquake hazard mitigation /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envt253.pdf.
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13
Leibundgut, Reto. "Moral hazard in portfolio management /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012921509&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Louzada-Neto, Francisco. "Hazard models for lifetime data." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268248.
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Rehman, Khaista. "Seismic hazard assessment in Pakistan." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539338.
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Jennings, P. J. "Landslide hazard analysis : Rhondda Valleys." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318716.
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17
England, Juan Carlos. "Structural vulnerability and hazard potential." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424049.
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18
Cain, Samuel Franklin. "Rating Rockfall Hazard in Tennessee." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9972.
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Rockfall from rock slopes adjacent to roadways is a major hazard and poses a problem for transportation agencies across the country. The state of Tennessee has implemented the Tennessee Rockfall Management System (RMS) as a means of reducing the liabilities associated with rockfall hazard. It utilizes digital data acquisition via PDAs coupled with distribution via an expandable web-based GIS database. The Tennessee Rockfall Hazard Rating System (RHRS) is part of the Tennessee RMS and assigns a numeric hazard rating according relative hazard for all slopes identified as having a high potential for delivering rock blocks onto Tennessee Department of Transportation maintained roadways. The Tennessee RHRS uses standard rock slope failure mechanisms (planar failure, wedge failure, topple failure, differential weathering, and raveling) along with the site and roadway geometry to assess the rockfall hazard of an individual slope. This study suggests methods that will expedite fieldwork, including an informational guide on how to properly identify individual failure mechanisms in the field. Also, the study examines the current method of scoring abundance and suggests an alternative, multiplicative approach. The alternative of using a multiplicative abundance is considered and its results summarized.Master of Science
19
Foust, James. "Payment Schemes and Moral Hazard." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1370853680.
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Mencnarowská, Lucie. "Morální hazard ve správě společností." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9201.
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The thesis analyzes moral hazard in corporate governance and brings in actual theoretical knowledge on the topic. It examines four examples of the companies which went bankrupt due to moral hazard of their top management: Enron, WorldCom, Parmalat and IPB. All case studies are assessed in accordance with OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. At the end of the thesis, there are mentioned impacts on legislature and suggestions of possible solutions.
21
Valtr, Jiří. "Finanční krize a morální hazard." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205306.
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This diploma thesis focuses on moral hazard in the recent financial crisis which was caused by the burst of the housing bubble in the United States of America almost nine years ago. The main contribution of this thesis is providing evidence of possibility to measure moral hazard. This measuring possibility is achieved by establishing key indicators which are linked to various types of moral hazard according to its origin or closest relation. The thesis also in part drafts a solution to moral hazard in the form of an effective regulation. This thesis is written comprehensibly and does not provide information about every detail of the financial crisis. Regardless of that it still provides most readers interesting and useful piece of information, which they probably have not encountered elsewhere.
22
Yang, Youzhi. "Essays on repeated moral hazard." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3369914.
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Yao, Fang. "Hazard functions and macroeconomic dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16280.
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In dieser Arbeit werden die Folgen der Calvo-Annahme in dynamischen makroökonomischen Modellen untersucht. Dafür wird die Calvo-Annahme unter Anwendung des Konzepts der statistischen Hazardfunktion verallgemeinert. Ich untersuche zwei mögliche Anwendungen dieses Ansatzes innerhalb von DSGE-Modellen. Im ersten Artikel zeige ich, dass der Zugewinn an Handhabbarkeit, der aus der Calvo-Annahme für Neu-Keynesianische Modelle folgt, mit unerwünschten Folgen in Bezug auf die Inflationsdynamiken einher geht. Der zweite Artikel schätzt die aggregierte Hazardfunktion unter Verwendung des theoretischen Rahmens des ersten Artikels. Es zeigt sich, dass die Annahme einer konstanten Hazardfunktion, die aus der Calvo-Annahme folgt, von den Daten eindeutig abgelehnt wird. Im dritten Artikel analysiere ich die Implikationen der empirisch geschätzten Hazardfunktion für die Persistenz von Inflation und die Geldpolitik. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass mittels der empirisch plausiblen aggregierten Hazardfunktion Zeitreihen simuliert werden können, die mit der Persistenz der inflatorischen Lücke im US Verbraucherpreisindex konsistent sind. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse komme ich zu dem Schluss, dass die Hazardfunktion eine entscheidende Rolle für die dynamischen Eigenschaften von Inflation spielt. Der letzte Artikel wendet den selben Modellierungsansatz auf ein Real-Business-Cycle Model mit rigidem Arbeitsmarkt an. Unter Verwendung eines allgemeineren stochastischen Anpassungsprozess stelle ich fest, dass die Arbeitsmarktdynamiken von einem Parameter beinflusst werden, der das Monotonieverhalten der Hazardfunktion bestimmt. Insbesondere steigt die Volatilität des Beschäftigungsniveaus, wohingegen dessen Persistenz mit zunehmendem Parameterwert abnimmt.The Calvo assumption (Calvo, 1983) is widely used in the macroeconomic literature to model market frictions that limit the ability of economic agents to re-optimize their control variables. In spite of its virtues, the Calvo assumption also implies singular adjustment behavior at the firm level as well as a restrictive aggregation mechanism for the whole economy. In this study, I examine implications of the Calvo assumption for macroeconomic dynamics. To do so, I extend the Calvo assumption to a more general case based on the concept of the statistical hazard function. Two applications of this approach are studied in the DSGE framework. In the first essay, I apply this approach to a New Keynesian model, and demonstrate that tractability gained from the Calvo pricing assumption is costly in terms of inflation dynamics. The second essay estimates aggregate price reset hazard function using the theoretical framework constructed in the first essay, and shows that the constant hazard function implied by the Calvo assumption is strongly rejected by the aggregate data. In the third essay, I further explore implications of the empirically based hazard function for inflation persistence and monetary policy. I find that the empirically plausible aggregate price reset hazard function can generate simulated data that are consistent with inflation gap persistence found in the US CPI data. Based on these results, I conclude that the price reset hazard function plays a crucial role for generating inflation dynamics. The last essay applies the same modeling approach to a RBC model with employment rigidity. I find that, when introducing a more general stochastic adjustment process, the employment dynamics vary with a parameter, which determines the monotonic property of the hazard function. In particular, the volatility of employment is increasing, but the persistence is decreasing in the value of the parameter.
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Magrin, Andrea. "Multi-scale seismic hazard scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/8620.
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2011/2012Seismic hazard assessment can be performed following a neo-deterministic approach (NDSHA), which allows to give a realistic description of the seismic ground motion due to an earthquake of given distance and magnitude. The approach is based on modelling techniques that have been developed from a detailed knowledge of both the seismic source process and the propagation of seismic waves. This permits to define a set of earthquake scenarios and to simulate the associated synthetic signals without having to wait for a strong event to occur. NDSHA can be applied at different geographic scale with different detail levels of modelling. At local scale the source and site characteristics can be take account, whereas at the regional scale seismograms at the nodes of a regular grid are computed. Finite fault simulation is needed to compute realistic ground motions close to a ruptured fault. No reasonable deterministic prediction for many details of a future fault motion can be expected and their variability can be treated in practice only from a statistical viewpoint. Therefore, their effect is simulated through Monte-Carlo approach. To test the accuracy of the method, the L’Aquila earthquake occurred on April 6, 2009 has been modelled. The use of a realistic model for the representation of the extended fault introduces a stochastic element in NDSHA. So the variability due to the stochastic component of seismic source has been evaluated. In standard NDSHA at regional scale, seismograms are computed for an upper frequency content of 1 Hz. The use of a more realistic source model than the scaled point source that takes account of effective duration of rupture process allowed to extend the maximum frequency of computation of seismograms of national scale maps to 10 Hz. A first estimation of uncertainty due to the random representation of the source in national scale maps has been obtained by parametric tests on EU-India Grid infrastructure. NDSHA defines the hazard as the maximum ground motion at the site and it does not supply information about the frequency of occurrence of the expected ground motion. The standard procedure of NDSHA has been modified here, to take into account the additional information of recurrence. The introduction of recurrence estimates in NDSHA allows the generation of ground motion maps for specified return periods that permits a straightforward comparison between the NDSHA and the PSHA maps. Furthermore the map of the recurrence has been associated with standard map of ground motion.
La valutazione della pericolosità sismica può essere effettuata seguendo un approccio neo-deterministico (NDSHA) che permette di dare una descrizione realistica del moto del suolo dovuto a un terremoto di data distanza e magnitudo. L’approccio è basato su tecniche di modellazione che sono state sviluppate da una conoscenza dettagliata sia della sorgente che della propagazione delle onde sismiche. Questo permette di definire un set di terremoti di scenario e di simulare i segnali sintetici associati senza dover aspettare l’accadimento di un forte evento. La metodologia neo-deterministica può essere applicata a diverse scale geografiche cui corrispondono differenti livelli di dettaglio nella modellazione. A scala locale è possibile tenere conto delle caratteristiche specifiche della sorgente e del sito considerati, mentre a scala regionale vengono calcolati i sismogrammi ai nodi di una griglia regolare. Per simulare in modo realistico il moto del suolo in prossimità di una faglia è necessario usare un modello di sorgente estesa. Molti dettagli del processo di rottura sulla sorgente non possono essere predetti in modo deterministico e la loro variabilità può essere trattata solo da un punto di vista statistico. Di conseguenza i loro effetti vengono simulati attraverso una approccio Monte-Carlo. Per testare l’accuratezza del metodo è stato modellato il terremoto dell’Aquila del 6 aprile 2009. L’uso di un modello realistico di sorgente per la rappresentazione della sorgente estesa introduce un elemento stocastico nel metodo neo-deterministico. Si è quindi valutata la variabilità dei valori di picco dovuta alla modellazione della sorgente. Nella metodologia neo-deterministica scala regionale i sismogrammi vengono calcolati con una frequenza massima di 1 Hz. L’uso di un modello di sorgente piu` realistico rispetto a quello della sorgente puntiforme in grado di tener in conto dell’effettiva durata del processo di rottura ha consentito di estendere la frequenza massima di calcolo dei sismogrammi delle mappe di pericolosità nazionali a 10 Hz. Una prima stima dell’incertezza legata alla simulazione stocastica della sorgente sulle mappe a scala nazionale è stata ottenuta con l’uso di test parametrici condotti utilizzando l’infrastruttura informatica EU-India Grid. Il metodo neo-deterministico definisce la pericolosità come il massimo scuotimento al sito e non fornisce alcuna informazione sulla ricorrenza del moto del suolo atteso. La procedura è stata modificata per tener conto dell’informazione aggiuntiva della ricorrenza. In questo modo è stato possibile generare delle mappe di scuotimento per specifici periodi di ritorno che consentono un diretto confronto con le mappe probabilistiche. Inoltre alle mappe di massimo scuotimento sono state associate le rispettive mappe di ricorrenza del moto del suolo.
XXV Ciclo
1983
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McMahon, Sean M. "Direct visual hazard affordance detection." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/129572/9/Sean_McMahon_Thesis.pdf.
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This research investigates how robotic and autonomous perceptual systems can detect the action possibilities, or affordances, of objects in their environment. Specifically, hazard affordances are detected, as they are a type of detrimental action allowed by some objects. Trip hazard detection on construction sites is the primary, but not the only application domain of this direct visual affordance detection approach.
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Mak, Sum. "Seismic analysis of the South China Region." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30588893.
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Zhang, Sijie. "Integrating safety and BIM: automated construction hazard identification and prevention." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52235.
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Safety of workers in the construction environment remains one of the greatest challenges faced by the construction industry today. Activity-based hazard identification and prevention is limited because construction safety information and knowledge tends to be scattered and fragmented throughout safety regulations, accident records, and experience. With the advancement of information technology in the building and construction industry, a missing link between effective activity-level construction planning and Building Information Modeling (BIM) becomes more evident. The objectives of this study are 1) to formalize the safety management knowledge and to integrate safety aspects into BIM, and 2) to facilitate activity-based hazard identification and prevention in construction planning. To start with, a Construction Safety Ontology is created to organize, store, and re-use construction safety knowledge. Secondly, activity-based workspace visualization and congestion identification methods are investigated to study the hazards caused by the interaction between activities. Computational algorithms are created to process and retrieve activity-based workspace parameters through location tracking data of workers collected by remote sensing technology. Lastly, by introducing workspace parameters into ontology and connecting the ontology with BIM, automated workspace analysis along with job hazard analysis are explored. Results indicate that potential safety hazards can be identified, recorded, analyzed, and prevented in BIM. This study integrates aspects of construction safety into current BIM workflow, which enables performing hazard identification and prevention early in the project planning phase.
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Allen, Matthew Charles. "Stakeholder perceptions of flooding issues in the Wildcat Creek Watershed." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35444.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of Geography
John A. Harrington Jr
Wildcat Creek Watershed near Manhattan, Kansas, experiences damaging flash floods that have required evacuations in recent years (Spicer 2011). The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the issue of flooding in the Wildcat Creek Watershed through interviewing stakeholders (those that reside, own a business, or study) using a semi – structured approach. Interview discussion examined stakeholders’ perceptions of 1) how they understand the processes that create the flooding hazard, 2) whether or not they value the implementation of mitigation efforts to reduce the negative impacts of flooding, 3) whether they feel at risk to flooding, and 4) who they consider a trusted source of information about the hydrologic characteristics of the watershed. Based on the results of this study, a spatial relationship in perceptions of flooding issues in the Wildcat Creek Watershed was found. Across the study area, stakeholders understood many of the physical causes of flooding, but did not tend to see the connections among the many physical components. Overall, stakeholders believed that mitigation strategies to curb flash flooding were valuable, although many were not supportive of paying for these efforts through potential taxation from a watershed district. Despite the increase of flooding events in the past decade (Anderson 2011), many stakeholders neither saw any changes in their personal risk of exposure to flooding nor a change in their flood vulnerability. In the context of the flooding issue in Wildcat Creek Watershed, most participants trusted their neighbors and community leaders as sources of information instead of professionals who research and/or conduct work on the watershed.
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Genc, Gence. "Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment For Eskisehir." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605436/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study is to develop probabilistic hazard maps for EskiSehir including &lsquoPeak Ground Acceleration&rsquo
values for 10% probability of exceedance in 50-year and 100-year periods at different site classes. A seismotectonic map has been prepared in the Geographical Information Systems environment by compiling instrumental seismicity and neotectonic data for the study area. The seismic sources have been defined spatially in six areal zones, characterized by a commonly used recurrence law and a maximum magnitude value. Four attenuation relationships have been selected being one of them totaly developed from the strong-motion records of Turkey. After the implementation of a seismic hazard model by using SEISRISK software, the probabilistic seismic hazard curves and maps were developed based on the selected attenuation relationships, at &lsquo
rock&rsquo
and &lsquo
soil&rsquo
sites, with a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50-year and 100-year periods. At rock sites the highest levels of hazard were calculated based on the predictive relationship of Abrahamson and Silva (1996), whereas the lowest ones based on the one of Boore et al. (1996). On the other hand the highest hazard levels were determined at soil sites based on the attenuation relationship of Ambraseys et al. (1996), whereas the lowest ones based on the one of Boore et al. (1997). For EskiSehir, the peak ground acceleration values calculated based on attenuation relationship by Boore et al. (1997) were found to be applicable for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 and 100 years, taking into consideration the fact that a considerable portion of the city is founded over alluviums.
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Liero, Hannelore. "Testing the Hazard Rate, Part I." Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5151/.
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We consider a nonparametric survival model with random censoring. To test whether the hazard rate has a parametric form the unknown hazard rate is estimated by a kernel estimator. Based on a limit theorem stating the asymptotic normality of the quadratic distance of this estimator from the smoothed hypothesis an asymptotic ®-test is proposed. Since the test statistic depends on the maximum likelihood estimator for the unknown parameter in the hypothetical model properties of this parameter estimator are investigated. Power considerations complete the approach.
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Brown, David C., and Shaun William Davies. "Moral hazard in active asset management." ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625951.
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We consider a model of active asset management in which mutual fund managers exert unobservable effort to earn excess returns. Investors allocate capital to actively managed funds and passively managed products. In equilibrium, investors are indifferent between investing an additional dollar with an active manager or with a passively managed product. As passively managed products become more attractive to investors, active managers’ revenues from portfolio-management services fall, reducing their effort incentives. More-severe decreasing-returns-to-scale are also associated with reduced incentives and increased moral hazard. Performance-based fees and holdings-based data are all unlikely to mitigate moral hazard.
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Bircham, John Stanley. "Avalanche hazard forecasting at Mount Hutt." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2776.
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The decision making process of avalanche hazard forecasting was studied during the ski season of 1995 at Mount Hutt. The objective was to derive the main contributing factors of avalanche forecasting and then assess the potential of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a tool to assist with the decision making process. A snow distribution model was developed utilising the contributing factors that were identified. Interviews were conducted with the three principle avalanche forecasters from the Mount Hutt Ski Patrol. Each forecaster was presented with a series of storm scenarios, and then asked what information they wanted to know and when they wanted it, while making their avalanche hazard assessment and forecast. The information requested by each forecaster were very similar. However, there was a distinct difference with how each forecaster interpreted the available information. They often used different approaches when assessing snow stability, but ultimately arrived at the same conclusion about the potential avalanche hazard. The key contributing factors identified in this research were wind speed and direction, snowfall intensity, the amount of new snow, and the surface conditions upon which the new snow was being deposited. A GIS model using Grid was developed to assess the spatial distribution of snow during two storm scenarios. The model appeared to work well, given that it was only designed to assess the potential of GIS. The resulting output of the model would have provided the forecasters with a more accurate estimate of snow distribution. Forecasters have to estimate the spatial distribution of snow and its stability, based on experience and know knowledge. GIS has the potential to provide accurate estimates of this distribution, that could ultimately assist conventional avalanche forecasters.
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Calvari, Sonia. "Hazard assessment on Etna volcano, Italy." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301816.
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Hincks, Thea K. "Probabilistic volcanic hazard and risk assessment." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.544317.
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Irwin, K. D. J. "Domestic Fire Hazard in New Zealand." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8341.
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This report presents features of domestic fires within New Zealand over the period 1986 to 1994 inclusive.
It consists of an analysis of the New Zealand Fire Incident Reporting System (FIRS) that the Fire Service completes for every incident it responds to. Areas investigated are the area of fire origin, equipment involved in ignition, form of heat of ignition, type of material first ignited, form of material first ignited, and the ignition factor or cause.
Features of the casualties such as their location at the time of injury, activity at time of injury, day of week injured, time of day injured, and age of those injured have been investigated.
A literature search of socio-economic features that affect the incidence of domestic fires and the effectiveness of smoke alarms is included.
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Cole, Stephen William. "Seismic hazard and risk in China." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443176.
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Hill, David C. "The micrometeoroid impact hazard in space." Thesis, University of Kent, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236135.
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Chen, Yi-Ting Civ E. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Rainfall-induced Landslide Hazard Rating System." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66858.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-138).
This research develops a Landslide Hazard Rating System for the rainfall-induced landslides in the Chenyulan River basin area in central Taiwan. This system is designed to provide a simplified and quick evaluation of the possibility of landslide occurrence, which can be used for planning and risk management. A systematic procedure to investigate the characterization of rainfall distribution in a regional area is developed in the first part of the thesis. Rainfall data for approximately one decade, 2002 to 2008, from 9 rainfall stations in the study area are included, in which a total of 46 typhoons are selected and categorized into 3 typhoon paths: the Northeastern, Northwestern, and Western. The rainfall distribution affected by typhoon paths in a region is thereby determined. The second part of the thesis is the Landslide Hazard Rating System, which integrates different hazard factors: bedrock geology, aspect, and slope gradients. This analysis is based on the specific characterization of the study area, which consists of the relative topographic relief (aspect and slope gradients) and variable bedrock geology. The method of normalized difference is used for examining the relationship of the topographic features to landslide occurrence. Although this study is conducted in a specific area, this landslide hazard rating system can be applied to other locations. Finally, a concept of a rainfall-induced landslide analytical system is proposed to combine the rainfall distribution analysis and the landslide hazard rating system. This analytical system is intended to include and address the relationship of rainfall and landslide occurrence by combining characterizations of rainfall, topography, and landslide potential. Additionally, this study recommends that, in future work, theoretical models of rainfall distribution and laboratory tests of soil and rock samples be included. Together, these will constitute a basis for the prediction of landslide occurrence. The ultimate goal of future work should be the development of a system for assessing and forecasting rainfall-induced landslide risks, which can become the foundation for a comprehensive risk management system for use in planning.
by Yi-Ting Chen.
S.M.
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Kwasny, Richard S. "Hazard assessment strategies for reduction reactions." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298377.
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Reduction reactions involving heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenations, complex metal hydrides, and to lesser degree hydrogen-transfer reactions, are regularly scaled-up in pilot plants. Unfortunately, thermal runaway incidents involving reduction reactions do occur, despite best efforts to prevent them through the application of a chemical reaction hazard assessment strategy. A review of the literature, plant incidents, thermochemical and calorimetric techniques, identified the requirements for a unique assessment strategy for reduction reactions. The preference was to safeguard the plant using preventive measures first which were supported by adequate protective measures. The basis of safety was defined by, the boiling point of the reaction mass, the process temperature and the adiabatic temperature rise for the desired and/or adverse reactions including other kinetic data, e. g., "time to maximum rate". A number of instrumental and thermochemical procedures were adopted for the hazard identification portion of the strategy. The DSC capillary and ampoule techniques were used for substrate thermal decomposition and air oxidation determinations including reaction solution thermal stability studies. An estimation technique (Yoshida) used DSC exothermic data to predict a substrate's susceptibility of being shock sensitive and/or explosion propagating. An evolved gas mass flow detector was coupled to a reaction calorimeter to determine the maximum off-gas rate. A modified stirred ARC for hydrogenations and a stirred-micro-calorimeter for the quantification of the adverse reaction were developed. Adiabatic determinations for quantification of the adverse reaction were variable. The heat losses were unacceptable for a controlled hydrogenation in a modified stirred ARC. Results for the stirred-micro-calorimeter were satisfactory. However, adverse reactions for hydride decompositions and "shot additions" yielded adequate calorimetric results. A series of controlled experiments by reaction calorimeter coupled with an insitu FTIR, characterised the thermochemistry, reaction kinetics, mass transfer coefficient and reaction mechanism for the desired and inhibited hydrogenations. A customised What-If? /Checklist process hazard analysis technique was developed for reduction reactions and two worked examples are presented. A hazard assessment strategy with appropriate hazard identification procedures was developed. Eight case studies (three hydrogenations, three hydride reductions and two hydrogen-transfer reactions) were used as examples to validate the reduction assessment strategy and hazard identification procedures.
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Орищук, Єва Сергіївна. "The hidden hazard of wet wipes." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13109.
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McCaffrey, Matthew. "The political economy of moral hazard." Angers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ANGE0072.
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Cette thèse explore et développe la théorie économique de l'aléa moral. Dans la première partie nous étudions les fondements de cette théorie, en commençant par la théorie générale des incitations, qui inclut le cas de l'aléa moral comme un élément particulier. Le premier chapitre est consacré à l’analyse des incitations économiques et de leur rôle dans la théorie économique. Nous soutenons que la définition de ce que c’est qu’une « incitation » doit être précisée, et nous proposons une solution basée sur la théorie de la valeur subjective. Dans le second chapitre, nous discutons certains usages impropres de la théorie des incitations dans la littérature économique destinée au grand public. Le troisième chapitre expose notre critique de la théorie des « incitations entrepreneuriales ». La seconde partie de la thèse est dédiée à l’analyse des problèmes spécifiques des incitations connues sous le terme de l’« aléa moral ». Le quatrième chapitre commence par une esquisse de l’histoire des idées relatives à l'aléa moral, de la Grèce antique jusqu’à la théorie économique contemporaine. Ensuite nous discutons le traitement de l'aléa moral dans la théorie néo-classique contemporaine, notamment dans les écrits canoniques de Kenneth Arrow, George Akerlof and James Mirrlees. Cette discussion nous amène à proposer une nouvelle approche de l'aléa moral fondée sur le concept du « jugement entrepreneurial ». Dans le cinquième chapitre nous développons l’analyse précédente en étudiant les éléments moraux de l'aléa moral. Nous concluons que l’aléa moral implique souvent un comportement contraire aux standards éthiques habituels. Le sixième et dernier chapitre est consacré à la discussion des méthodes empiriques pour mesurer l'aléa moral dans les domaines de l’assurance de santé et de l’assurance des dépôts bancaires. Nous examinons également les limitations des résultats obtenus grâce à l’économie expérimentale. Nous concluons en suggérant des améliorations de ces méthodesThis dissertation is an exploration and development of the economic theory of moral hazard. Part I examines the foundations of moral hazard theory by looking at the broader theory of incentives, of which moral hazard is a part. In Chapter 1, I examine the nature of incentives and their proper role in economic theory. I argue that the concept of incentives must be refined and elaborate a theory that is consistent with the subjective-value tradition in economics. In Chapter 2,I study some misuses of incentives in public economics writing. In Chapter 3, I criticize the theory of “entrepreneurial incentives. ” Part 2 turns to the narrower topic of moral hazard. In chapter 4, I survey historical writings on moral hazard from the ancient Greeks to contemporary economic theory. I then discuss some details of contemporary neoclassicaleconomic theory, especially the canonical works of Kenneth Arrow, George Akerlof, and James Mirrlees. This discussion leads me to suggest a new approach to moral hazard, based on the idea of entrepreneurial judgment. In chapter 5, I use the previous analysis to study the moral elements of moral hazard, and I conclude that moral hazard often involves unethical behaviour. In the last part, chapter 6, I discuss empirical methods of measuring moral hazard from in the fields of health insurance and deposit insurance. I also examine the limitations of the results obtained in the discipline of experimental economics. I conclude by pointing out several shortcomings in these methods and suggest ways in which they might be improved
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Michalec, Ivan. "Internetový hazard - společenský fenomén nového věku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77838.
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First part of this thesis is focusing on history of internet gambling and its shift to the online environment. Other chapter is about psychological aspects which affects the approach to the gambling the most in many different environments with major focus on the online gambling and its characteristic differences. Main goal of this thesis is the evaluation of the present state of the regulation of internet gambling in some of the countries around the world and their comparison with the situation in Czech Republic. One of the outcomes is the summary of recommendations which should be taking into consideration while creating the new gaming act.
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Jagošová, Petra. "Morální hazard na příkladu finanční krize." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136317.
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This diploma thesis focuses on the moral hazard aspects in the financial crisis on the USA market in the years 2007-2009, that later became known as a global crisis of real economic. The thesis aim is to prove a role of moral hazard in the financial crisis origins, role that can be detected in the activities and behavior of the market participants. There is a survey of the individual causes of the crisis and interpretation in the terms of moral hazard. First part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical basics of moral hazard that is being represented by the Principal-Agent Problem. This theory is further applied on the financial market theories. Second part of the thesis describes the origin and development of the financial crisis. It represents the introduction of the crisis without exploring the causes. The third part of the thesis is the core part, there is presented the role of moral hazard in the financial crisis due to the synthesis of the two previous parts. Item by item there are introduced the activities on the crisis market, where the principle of these activities is presented in terms of moral hazard. This part also includes moral hazard in the society that influences also the financial market. The last part focuses on the regulation of the financial markets in connection with the possibilities of moral hazard elimination.
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Menon, Sreekumar Singh Adit D. "Output hazard-free test generation methodology." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1616.
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Mapuranga, Victor Philip. "Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43166.
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In this study, the seismic hazards of Zimbabwe are presented as maps showing probabilistic peak ground acceleration (PGA). Seismic hazards maps have a 10% chance of exceeding the indicated ground acceleration over a 50 year period, and are prepared using a homogenized 101 year catalogue compiled for seismic moment magnitude . Two approaches of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment were applied.
The first was the widely used "deductive" approach (Cornell, 1968) which integrates geological and geophysical information together with seismic event catalogues in the assessment of seismic hazards. Application of the procedure includes several steps. As a first step, this procedure requires the delineation of potential seismic zones, which is strongly influenced by historic patterns and based on independent geologic evidence or tectonic features such as faults (Atkinson, 2004; Kijko and Graham, 1998).
The second method was the "parametric-historic" approach of Kijko and Graham (1998, 1999) which has been developed for regions with incomplete catalogues and does not require the subjective delineation of active seismic zones. It combines the best features of the deductive Cornell-McGuire procedure and the historic method of Veneziano et al. (1984).
Four (4) ground motion prediction equations suitable for hard rock conditions in a specified region were applied in the assessment of seismic hazards. The highest levels of hazards in Zimbabwe are in the south-eastern border of the country with Mozambique, the Lake Kariba area and the mid-Zambezi basin in the vicinity of the Save-Limpopo mobile belt. Results show that assessment of seismic hazard using parametric-historic procedure to a large extent gives a “mirror” of the seismicity pattern whereas using the classic Cornell-McGuire procedure gives results that reflect the delineated pattern of seismic zones and the two methods are best used complementary of each other depending on available input data.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lk2014
Physics
MSc
Unrestricted
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Misner, Scottie, and Carol Curtis. "HACCP - Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146434.
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1p.HACCP, pronounced has-up, is a food safety self-inspection system that combines up-to-date technical information with step-by-step procedures to evaluate and monitor the flow of food throughout a food establishment from receiving to service. This publication introduces this system to readers and outlines 6 simple HACCP principles to reduce the occurrence of food-borne illness at home.
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Pierskalla, William P. Jr. "RETHINKING KARST HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/67.
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Current karst hazard maps in Kentucky reflect the general lithology of the state and ignore or significantly reduce the impact of the actual sinkholes present within these areas. These maps rely on equal weighting, by area, of the Karst Potential Index (KPI) map and the sinkhole inventory map. The KPI is based on a 1:500,000 geologic map and less than 500 data points of carbonate rocks. The sinkhole inventory is derived from topographic maps updated in the 1970s with approximately 10-foot resolution. This method gives a preferential weighting of the KPI over the sinkhole data. Consequently, the current method is broad in scope and ineffective in hazard assessment. There is a need for a reliable karst hazard map for land use planners, government emergency planning agencies, and other stakeholders. In this study, more detailed geology information and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data are applied to three counties (Bullitt, Logan, and Woodford) to generate a more accurate assessment of karst hazard. An assessment method based on sinkhole density is also tested. By refining the hazard score to more precise areas of concern, future stakeholders will find this data useful in emergency planning and land assessment.
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PORETTI, ILARIA. "Flood hazard analysis for river systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19730.
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Flood hazard assessment and mapping is a necessary step to define flood risk reduction strategies and to develop risk management plans. Anyway, in Italy, and in particular in Lombardy Region, legislation provides only vague indications on how to assess flood hazard, therefore the definition of risk is lacking in a scientific basis, and wide space is left to subjectivity and to approximate analyses. This PhD research aims to improve the topic presenting an approach for flood hazard analysis and mapping that fits the Lombardy Region legislative framework, but introduces a level of experimental modelling. The approach has been applied on an area located in the medium Valtellina (Alps, northern Italy) – 26 km2 wide – and makes use of advanced flood modelling tools, in order to support the development of Emergency Plans and to provide suggestions to deepen the analyses required for Urban Planning.
Hydrologic and hydraulic conditions of the site are quite complex, and data availability is not optimal. Therefore, several modelling strategies (1D, 2D and combined 1D2D approaches) and three software packages (SOBEK, FLO-2D and FloodArea) were tested and results were compared and discussed. Lots of efforts have been spent in trying to define an accurate topographical description: a TIN was constructed from available 3D cartography and cross sections profiles, then converted into a DEM. Institutional values of peak discharges for the return times of 20, 100 and 200 years were used to construct input hydrographs. Roughness coefficients were set according to literature tables and available local studies, and their influence on models behaviour was tested through sensitivity analyses. Difficulties related to some of the models and/ or verification of inappropriate results led to exclude two software packages and to select SOBEK 1D2D as the most suitable tool for flood modelling in the study area. Results were converted into hazard maps useful for both the purposes of Civil Protection and Urban Planning, basing on an innovative method, including an expression of uncertainty. Most of the complexities of the issue are analysed and discussed, referring to a wide literature background, which the research will contribute to enrich.
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Dubovský, Dávid. "Analýza rizik nástrojářské dílny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232113.
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This master`s thesis deals with a hazard analysis of selected machinery according to an actual legislative documents in Slovakia, which were taken over from Europien Union directives. The thesis is focused on exploring legislation related to the safety of toolroom workshop in the Czech Republic and Germany. Because of that was done the recherché of harmonized standards in these countries. Subsequently is made the identification of hazards under recherched standards and assessment of control system based on the performance level of the system. In the end are all obtained data evaluated and the precautionary measures are suggested. With taking care of economic factors are finally proposed the possibilities of the elimination of risks.
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Cheung, Wah-fung. "Natural terrain landslide study in Lung Fu Shan area." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38843791.
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