Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hazard ratios'
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Winnett, Angela Susan. "Flexible estimators of hazard ratios for exploratory and residual analysis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312945.
Full textLigges, Sandra [Verfasser], Christine [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Rahnenführer. "Schätzung des Hazard-Ratios in zweiarmigen Überlebenszeitstudien / Sandra Ligges. Betreuer: Christine Müller. Gutachter: Jörg Rahnenführer." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1099709687/34.
Full textNåtman, Jonatan. "The performance of inverse probability of treatment weighting and propensity score matching for estimating marginal hazard ratios." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385502.
Full textHaller, Bernhard. "The analysis of competing risks data with a focus on estimation of cause-specific and subdistribution hazard ratios from a mixture model." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-170319.
Full textZur Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit von Behandlungen in klinischen Studien wird häufig die Zeit vom Beginn einer Behandlung bis zum Eintreten eines bestimmten kritischen oder erwünschten Ereignisses als Zielgröße verwendet. Da in vielen Fällen das entsprechende Ereignis nicht bei allen Patienten beobachtet werden kann, da z.B. Patienten nur für einen gewissen Zeitraum nachverfolgt werden können oder der Patientenkontakt in der Nachbeobachtungszeit abbricht, wurden im Rahmen der so genannten Ereigniszeit- bzw. Überlebenszeitanalyse Verfahren entwickelt, die bei Vorliegen dieser "zensierten Beobachtungen" konsistente Schätzer liefern und dabei die gesamte verfügbare Information verwenden. In der klassischen Ereigniszeitanalyse existiert nur ein möglicher Endpunkt, wie der Tod eines Patienten. Da Patienten jedoch an verschiedenen Ursachen versterben können, ist in manchen klinischen Studien die Zeit bis zu einem von zwei oder mehreren sich gegenseitig ausschließenden Ereignistypen von Interesse. So fungiert z.B. in vielen onkologischen Studien die Zeit bis zum tumor-bedingten Tod als primärer Endpunkt, wobei andere Todesursachen sogenannte konkurrierende Risiken ("Competing Risks") darstellen. In den letzten Jahren wurden mehrere Verfahren zur Datenanalyse bei Vorliegen konkurrierender Risiken entwickelt, bei denen entweder die ereignis-spezifische oder die Subdistribution-Hazardrate modelliert wird, oder bei denen die gemeinsame Verteilung von Ereigniszeiten und Ereignistypen als Produkt von Größen abgebildet wird, die aus den beobachtbaren Daten geschätzt werden können. In dieser Arbeit werden Methoden zur Analyse von Competing-Risks-Daten, einschließlich verschiedener Regressionsansätze, vorgestellt. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Schätzung der ereignis-spezifischen und Subdistribution-Hazardraten aus einem sogenannten Mixture Model. Diesbezüglich wird auch ein neuer Ansatz zur Schätzung der konditionalen Hazardraten in einem Mixture Model unter Verwendung penalisierter B-Spline-Funktionen (P-Splines) vorgestellt. Um die Eigenschaften des neuen Ansatzes zu untersuchen, wurde eine Simulationsstudie unter Einsatz verschiedener Simulationsstrategien für Competing-Risks-Daten, die in dieser Arbeit im Detail beschrieben werden, durchgeführt. Die Regressionsmodelle wurden auf Daten einer klinischen Kohortenstudie zur Evaluation einer Risikostratifizierung für Patienten, die einen Myokardinfarkt überlebt haben, angewandt. Abschließend werden die vorgestellten Methoden zur Analyse von Ereigniszeitdaten bei Vorliegen konkurrierender Risiken sowie die Ergebnisse der Simulationsstudie und der Datenanalyse diskutiert.
Singh, Bina Aruna. "GIS based assessment of seismic risk for the Christchurch CBD and Mount Pleasant, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1302.
Full textPACIFICO, CLAUDIA. "Comparison of propensity score based methods for estimating marginal hazard ratios with composite unweighted and weighted endpoints: simulation study and application to hepatocellular carcinoma." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/306601.
Full textIntroduction My research activity aims to use the data from the HERCOLES study, a retrospective study on hepatocarcinoma, as an application example for the comparison of statistical methods for estimating the marginal effect of a certain treatment on standard survival endpoints (unweighted) and weighted composite endpoints. This last approach, unexplored to date, is motivated by the need to take into account the different clinical relevance of cause-specific events. In particular, death is considered the worst event but a greater relevance is also given to local recurrence compared to non-local one. To evaluate the statistical performance of these methods, two simulation protocols were developed. Methods To remove or reduce the effect of confounders (characteristics of the subject and other baseline factors that determine systematic differences between treatment groups) in order to quantify a marginal effect, it is necessary to use appropriate statistical methods, based on the Propensity Score (PS): the probability that a subject is assigned to a treatment conditional on the covariates measured at baseline. In my thesis I considered some of the PS-based methods available in literature (Austin 2013): - PS as a covariate with spline transformation - PS as a stratified categorical covariate with respect to quantiles - Pairing for PS - Inverse probability weighting (IPW) The marginal effect of the unweighted composite endpoint is measured in terms of marginal hazard ratio (HR) estimated using a Cox model. As regards the weighted composite endpoint, the estimator of the treatment effect is the non-parametric estimator of the ratio between cumulative hazards proposed by Ozga and Rauch (2019). Simulation protocol The data generation mechanism is similar for both simulation studies. In both simulation protocols, the data generation mechanism is similar to that used by Austin (2013). Specifically, with regard to the unweighted endpoint (Disease Free Survival), I simulated three scenarios by considering respectively three values for the marginal HR: HR=1 (scenario a); HR=1.5 (scenario b) and HR=2 (scenario c). In each scenario, I simulated 10,000 datasets consisting of 1,000 subjects and for the estimate of the PS I generated 12 confounders. The simulation study for the weighted endpoint provides for the same scenarios (a, b, c) combined with three types of weights for the two single endpoints: (w1,w2)=(1,1); (w1,w2)=(1,0.5); (w1,w2)=(1,0.8). In each scenario I simulated 1,000 data sets consisting of 1,000 subjects and for the estimate of the PS I generated 3 confounders. Furthermore, I considered only the two methods considered in the literature to be the most robust: IPW and PS pairing (Austin 2016). Results The results relating to the unweighted composite endpoint confirm what is already known in the literature: IPW is the most robust method based on PS, followed by matching for PS. The innovative aspect of my thesis concerns the implementation of simulation studies for the evaluation of the performance of PS-based methods in estimating the marginal effect of a certain treatment with respect to a weighted composite survival endpoint: the IPW is confirmed as the most accurate and precise method.
Haller, Bernhard [Verfasser], and Kurt [Akademischer Betreuer] Ulm. "The analysis of competing risks data with a focus on estimation of cause-specific and subdistribution hazard ratios from a mixture model / Bernhard Haller. Betreuer: Kurt Ulm." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052778984/34.
Full textMASO, L. DAL. "LEGAME TRA L¿IMMUNODEFICIENZA HIV-CORRELATA E L¿INSORGENZA DI TUMORI: ASPETTI DI METODOLOGIA STATISTICA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/168454.
Full textPetit, Claire. "Méta-analyse en réseau et cancer ORL : utilité des critères de jugement multiples Individual Patient Data Network Meta-Analysis Using Either Restricted Mean Survival Time Difference or Hazard Ratios: Is There a Difference? A Case Study on Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASR010.
Full textLocally advanced head and neck cancers, whether “classical” squamous cell carcinomas or undifferentiated carcinomas of the nasopharynx, are treated by multimodality therapy. Loco-regional treatment is the main therapy, with surgery and/or radiotherapy. This radiotherapy can be standard (66-70 Grays in 33-35 fractions) or can have a modified fractionation (hyperfractionation or acceleration). Chemotherapy is often associated to these treatments, with different timing: induction, concomitant or adjuvant.Several randomized trials have compared different combinations of treatments. A network meta-analysis allows performing a pooled analysis of all these randomized trials, using the direct and indirect information available to determine the relative efficacy of the treatments.The objective of this doctoral thesis was to perform frequentist network meta-analyses using individual patient data from three standard meta-analyses:- combination of two meta-analyses for squamous cell carcinomas (MACH-NC and MARCH, 115 trials; 28,978 patients and 16 modalities of treatment);- one meta-analysis for nasopharyngeal carcinomas (MAC-NPC, 28 trials; 8,214 patients and 8 modalities of treatment);with different endpoints (overall survival, progression-free or event-free survival, locoregional and metastatic control, cancer-related or non-cancer-related deaths) and different measures for these endpoints: hazard ratio and restricted mean survival time difference
Cain, Samuel Franklin. "Rating Rockfall Hazard in Tennessee." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9972.
Full textMaster of Science
Chen, Yi-Ting Civ E. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Rainfall-induced Landslide Hazard Rating System." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66858.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-138).
This research develops a Landslide Hazard Rating System for the rainfall-induced landslides in the Chenyulan River basin area in central Taiwan. This system is designed to provide a simplified and quick evaluation of the possibility of landslide occurrence, which can be used for planning and risk management. A systematic procedure to investigate the characterization of rainfall distribution in a regional area is developed in the first part of the thesis. Rainfall data for approximately one decade, 2002 to 2008, from 9 rainfall stations in the study area are included, in which a total of 46 typhoons are selected and categorized into 3 typhoon paths: the Northeastern, Northwestern, and Western. The rainfall distribution affected by typhoon paths in a region is thereby determined. The second part of the thesis is the Landslide Hazard Rating System, which integrates different hazard factors: bedrock geology, aspect, and slope gradients. This analysis is based on the specific characterization of the study area, which consists of the relative topographic relief (aspect and slope gradients) and variable bedrock geology. The method of normalized difference is used for examining the relationship of the topographic features to landslide occurrence. Although this study is conducted in a specific area, this landslide hazard rating system can be applied to other locations. Finally, a concept of a rainfall-induced landslide analytical system is proposed to combine the rainfall distribution analysis and the landslide hazard rating system. This analytical system is intended to include and address the relationship of rainfall and landslide occurrence by combining characterizations of rainfall, topography, and landslide potential. Additionally, this study recommends that, in future work, theoretical models of rainfall distribution and laboratory tests of soil and rock samples be included. Together, these will constitute a basis for the prediction of landslide occurrence. The ultimate goal of future work should be the development of a system for assessing and forecasting rainfall-induced landslide risks, which can become the foundation for a comprehensive risk management system for use in planning.
by Yi-Ting Chen.
S.M.
Mackenzie, Todd. "Modelling a time-dependant hazard ratio with regression splines." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69720.
Full textIn this thesis the topic of survival analysis is overviewed, and methods for assessing the validity of the proportional hazards assumption are reviewed. Finally a method of estimating the hazard ratio as a flexible function of time using the method of regression splines and the AIC model selection criterion is proposed. We report the results of a simulation meant to examine the small sample properties of this technique.
Dang, Huong Dieu. "Rating History, Time and The Dynamic Estimation of Rating Migration Hazard." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6397.
Full textDang, Huong Dieu. "Rating History, Time and The Dynamic Estimation of Rating Migration Hazard." University of Sydney, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6397.
Full textThis thesis employs survival analysis framework (Allison, 1984) and the Cox’s hazard model (Cox, 1972) to estimate the probability that a credit rating survives in its current grade at a certain forecast horizon. The Cox’s hazard model resolves some significant drawbacks of the conventional estimation approaches. It allows a rigorous testing of non-Markovian behaviours and time heterogeneity in rating dynamics. It accounts for the changes in risk factors over time, and features the time structure of probability survival estimates. The thesis estimates three stratified Cox’s hazard models, including a proportional hazard model, and two dynamic hazard models which account for the changes in macro-economic conditions, and the passage of survival time over rating durations. The estimation of these stratified Cox’s hazard models for downgrades and upgrades offers improved understanding of the impact of rating history in a static and a dynamic estimation framework. The thesis overcomes the computational challenges involved in forming dynamic probability estimates when the standard proportionality assumption of Cox’s model does not hold and when the data sample includes multiple strata. It is found that the probability of rating migrations is a function of rating history and that rating history is more important than the current rating in determining the probability of a rating change. Switching from a static estimation framework to a dynamic estimation framework does not alter the effect of rating history on the rating migration hazard. It is also found that rating history and the current rating interact with time. As the rating duration extends, the main effects of rating history and current rating variables decay. Accounting for this decay has a substantial impact on the risk of rating transitions. Downgrades are more affected by rating history and time interactions than upgrades. To evaluate the predictive performance of rating history, the Brier score (Brier, 1950) and its covariance decomposition (Yates, 1982) were employed. Tests of forecast accuracy suggest that rating history has some predictive power for future rating changes. The findings suggest that an accurate forecast framework is more likely to be constructed if non-Markovian behaviours and time heterogeneity are incorporated into credit risk models.
Deneke, Fred. "Wildfire Hazard Severity Rating Checklist for Arizona Homes and Communities." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146948.
Full textMany Arizona residents own homes in or near the forests, woodlands, chaparral, and grasslands to take advantage of the amenities of living in a natural environment. Fire protection for homes in rural and remote areas is limited when compared to living in an urban area. This checklist is designed to assist an individual homeowner or a group of homeowners living in a remote area to assess the relative wildfire hazard severity around a home, neighborhood, subdivision, or community.
DeGomez, Tom. "Wildfire HAZard Severity Rating Checklist for Arizona Homes and Communities." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/239576.
Full textZhao, Meng. "Empirical Likelihood Confidence Intervals for the Ratio and Difference of Two Hazard Functions." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/57.
Full textBarton, William H. "COMPARISON OF TWO SAMPLES BY A NONPARAMETRIC LIKELIHOOD-RATIO TEST." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/99.
Full textDalqamouni, Ahmad Yousef. "Development of a Landslide Hazard Rating System for Selected Counties in Northeastern Ohio." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1299284289.
Full textHendy, Setiawan. "Landslide Hazard Assessment on the Upstream of Dam Reservoir." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225565.
Full textKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第20340号
工博第4277号
新制||工||1662(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻
(主査)教授 寶 馨, 教授 角 哲也, 准教授 佐山 敬洋
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Pham, Van Tien. "MECHANISMS AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDE DAMS." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/231989.
Full textKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第21056号
工博第4420号
新制||工||1687(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻
(主査)教授 寶 馨, 教授 角 哲也, 准教授 佐山 敬洋
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Williams, Matthew Richard. "Likelihood-based testing and model selection for hazard functions with unknown change-points." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26835.
Full textPh. D.
Cabas, Mijares Ashly Margot. "Improvements to the Assessment of Site-Specific Seismic Hazards." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82352.
Full textPh. D.
VanDerHurst, Jeffrey J. "The development of an interactive computer model for managing geologic hazard databases." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08292008-063619/.
Full textCicek, Ceren. "Implementation Of A Hazard Rating System To The Cut Slopes Along Kizilcahamam-gerede Segment Of D750 Highway." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610547/index.pdf.
Full textGoetz, Ryan P. Rosenblad Brent L. "Study of the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method for characterization of deep soils in the Mississippi Embayment." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5334.
Full textBrilli, Nicolò. "Valutazione del rischio da caduta massi con Rockfall Hazard Rating System lungo la strada comunale della Montagna (Sansepolcro,AR)." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textBísková, Hana. "Sekuritizace a její role v soudobé finanční a hospodářské krizi." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191777.
Full textMisconel, Michele. "Analisi del rischio da caduta massi con Rockfall Hazard Rating System lungo la strada statale 612 (Molina di Fiemme, TN)." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12224/.
Full textAndreini, Lorenzo. "Analisi del rischio da caduta massi con Rockfall Hazard Rating System lungo la SP29 di Sovramonte (BL) e la SP19 di Lamon (BL)." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textDeniz, Aykut. "Estimation Of Earthquake Insurance Premium Rates Based On Stochastic Methods." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607063/index.pdf.
Full textPersson, Daniel, and Johannes Ahlström. "Går det att prediktera konkurs i svenska aktiebolag? : En kvantitativ studie om hur finansiella nyckeltal kan användas vid konkursprediktion." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119867.
Full textFrom the early 1900s, banks and lending institutions have used financial ratios as an aid in the assessment and quantification of credit risk. For today's investors the economic environment is far more complicated than 40 years ago when the technology and computerization opened up the world's markets. Credit risk assessment today requires effective analysis of quantitative data and models that can predict risks with good accuracy. During the second half of the 20th century there was a rapid development of the tools used for bankruptcy prediction. We moved from simple univariate models to complex data mining models with thousands of observations. This study investigates if it’s possible to predict bankruptcy in Swedish limited companies and which variables contain information relevant for this cause. The methods used in the study are discriminant analysis, logistic regression and survival analysis on 50 active and 50 failed companies. The results indicate accuracy between 67.5 % and 75 % depending on the choice of statistical method. Regardless of the selected statistical method used, it’s possible to classify companies as bankrupt two years before the bankruptcy occurs using financial ratios which measures profitability and solvency. Societal costs are reduced by better bankruptcy prediction using financial ratios which contribute to increasing the ability of companies to apply financial management with relevant key ratios in the form of stock , retained earnings , net income and operating income.
Nguyen, Duytrac Vu. "Omnibus Tests for Comparison of Competing Risks with Covariate Effects via Additive Risk Model." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/25.
Full textWilder, Jessica A. "Operationalizing the Pressure and Release Theoretical Framework Using Risk Ratio Analysis to Measure Vulnerability and Predict Risk from Natural Hazards in the Tampa, FL Metropolitan Area." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7245.
Full textWorku, Eshetu Bekele. "Efficiency and Social Capital in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: the Case of Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2168_1263780307.
Full textThis study extends the existing literature on how social networks enhance the performance and sustainability of small enterprises. More specifically, the study isolates and investigates the mechanisms through which social capital helps with the growth and survival of MSMEs. The evidence presented in this study strongly suggests that an indigenous social network widely practiced in Ethiopia, the &ldquo
iqqub&rdquo
, contributes significantly to the start-up, survival and development of urban MSMEs.
Taghvatalab, Golnaz. "The Economics of Marriage and Divorce in Iran." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77981.
Full textPh. D.
Clarke, Samantha. "Submarine landslides of the upper east Australian continental margin." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12456.
Full textMarques, Inês Filipa Costa. "Mortality of elite athletes : an application to football players." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18092.
Full textOs benefícios para a saúde resultantes da prática regular de exercício físico, de uma forma moderada, estão cientificamente comprovados. Contudo, quando se trata de uma abordagem sobre atletas profissionais, os benefícios deixam de ser uma clara evidência, surgindo por vezes sinais de alerta para os seus possíveis efeitos adversos. Para alimentar esta controvérsia, muito têm contribuído os estudos recentes que evidenciam anomalias e doenças cardiovasculares, bem como as frequentes lesões em atletas de elite. É neste contexto que surge o principal objectivo deste trabalho: investigar se os atletas de elite vivem mais do que a população em geral. Após uma profunda revisão literária inicial relativa à mortalidade dos atletas de elite, procede-se a uma análise de sobrevivência que tem como foco dois grupos de jogadores de futebol profissionais. Recolheram-se dados relativos à data de nascimento e morte dos jogadores portugueses e espanhóis que representaram a sua selecção, bem como de outras variáveis de interesse para o estudo. Cada grupo de jogadores é comparado com a população geral do respectivo país, usando dados disponíveis na Human Mortality Database, através da estimação de standardised mortality ratios e de curvas de sobrevivência. O years-lost method é também aplicado, fornecendo uma medida de longevidade dos referidos atletas de elite. Ainda é averiguado se a posição dos jogadores e o número de jogos na sua carreira afectam diferencialmente a mortalidade dos mesmos, através dos Cox Proportional Hazard Models. Por fim, as populações dos jogadores portugueses e espanhóis são comparadas entre si.
The health benefits of moderate regular physical activity have been clearly demonstrated and are widely consensual. However, there is a growing debate over the potential adverse effects of strenuous physical activity, particularly at a professional level. Recent findings of cardiovascular anomalies in elite athletes coupled with the high frequency of injuries have brought some sports under increased scrutiny. In this context, the main goal of this work is to investigate whether elite athletes live longer than the general population. After an initial review of the literature on elite athletes' mortality, a comprehensive survival analysis is applied to two populations of professional football players. Lifespan data and specific occupational variables of Portuguese and Spanish football players, who have represented their national teams in their career, were collected from recognized publicly available sources. Each cohort is then compared to the respective standard population, using available data in the Human Mortality Database, through the estimation of standardised mortality ratios and survival curves. The years-lost method is applied to provide a time dimension measure for these elite athletes' longevity. Furthermore, the association of position on the field and the number of games with overall mortality is accessed using Cox Proportional Hazard Models. At the end, a comparison between the mortality of Portuguese and Spanish football players is carried out.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Akyuz, Emre. "Development Of Site Specific Vertical Design Spectrum For Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615403/index.pdf.
Full textlerce and Abrahamson (2011) using NGA-W1 database. A strong motion dataset consistent with the V/H ratio model parameters is developed by including strong motion data from earthquakes occurred in Turkey with at least three recordings per earthquake. The compatibility of GA2011 V/H ratio model with the magnitude, distance, and site amplification scaling of Turkish ground motion dataset is evaluated by using inter-event and intra-event residual plots and necessary coefficients of the model is adjusted to reflect the regional characteristics. Analysis of the model performance in the recent moderate-tolarge magnitude earthquakes occurred in Turkey shows that the Turkey-Adjusted GA2011 model is a suitable candidate V/H ratio model for PSHA studies conducted in Turkey. Using the same dataset, a preliminary vertical ground motion prediction equation for Turkey consistent with the preliminary vertical model based on NGA-W1 dataset is developed. Proposed preliminary model is applicable to magnitudes 5-8.5, distances 0-200 km, and spectral periods of 0-10 seconds and offers an up-to-date alternative to the regional vertical GMPEs proposed by Kalkan and Gü
lkan (2004).
Mariniere, Judith. "Amélioration des modèles prédictifs de séismes pour le PSHA grâce aux données géodésiques : application en Equateur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU019.
Full textProbabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) relies on long-term earthquake forecasts, and ground-motion models. Up to now, geodetic data has been rather under-used in PSHA, although it provides unique and unprecedented information on the deformation rates of tectonic structures from local to regional scales. The aim of this PhD thesis is to improve earthquake recurrence models by quantitatively including the information derived from geodetic measurements, with an application to Ecuador, a country exposed both to shallow crustal earthquakes and megathrust subduction events. The second chapter presents the building of a probabilistic seismic hazard model for Ecuador, using historical and contemporary seismicity, recent knowledges about active tectonics, geodynamics, and geodesy. I contributed to this collective effort in two ways: 1) the building of earthquake catalogs from global seismic datasets; 2) the establishment of average slip rates on a set of simplified crustal faults, from GPS velocities. The hazard calculations led at the country scale indicate that uncertainties are largest for sites on the northern coast and along the faults in the Cordillera. The second chapter of this PhD focuses on the determination of the seismic potential of the Quito fault system. Quito city lies on the hanging wall of this ∼60-km-long reverse active fault, representing significant risks due to the high population density. We constrain the present-day strain accumulation associated with the fault system with GPS data and Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) analysis. 3-D spatially variable locking models show that a large part of the fault is presently experiencing shallow creep, hence reducing the energy available for future earthquakes, which has a significant impact for hazard calculation. In the third part of this PhD, we evaluate the ability of geodetic data to constrain earthquake recurrence models for the subduction zone in northern Ecuador. We quantify the annual rate of moment deficit accumulation at the interface using interseismic coupling models, and identify the uncertainties related to the conversion in terms of total seismic moment release. Based on a newly-developed earthquake catalog, we propose to establish recurrence models that match both the catalog-based seismicity rates and the geodetic moment budget. We set up a logic tree for exploring the uncertainties on the seismic rates and on the geodetic moment budget to be released in earthquakes. The exploration of the logic tree leads to a distribution of possible maximal magnitudes Mmax bounding the earthquake recurrence model; we extract only those models that lead to Mmax values compatible with the extent of the interface segment according to earthquake scaling laws. This new method allows 1) to identify which magnitude-frequency form is adapted for the Ecuadorian subduction; 2) to generate a distribution of moment-balanced recurrence models representative of uncertainties and propagate this uncertainty up to the uniform hazard spectra; and 3) to evaluate a range for the aseismic component of the slip on the interface. Considering the recent availability of massive quantity of geodetic data, this new approach could be used in other regions of the world to develop recurrence models consistent both with past seismicity and measured tectonic deformation
Stavrou, Eftyhia P. "Vision, functional and cognitive determinants of motor vehicle incidents in older drivers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/28503/1/Efty_Stavrou_Thesis.pdf.
Full textStavrou, Eftyhia P. "Vision, functional and cognitive determinants of motor vehicle incidents in older drivers." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/28503/.
Full textBohman, Peter, and Erik Karlsson. "Leasing Risks and Commercial Real Estate : A Study on the Relationship Between Risk Premium and Leasing Risks." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254721.
Full textSyfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka vad den aktuella marknadspraxisen inomfastighetsvärdering samt investeringsbeslut är gällande olika nivåer av hyresgästrisker och riskpremie. Metod: Genomförandet av undersökningen har gjorts i två steg. I ett första steg har tidigare forskninginom ämnet analyserats för att finna relevant teori samt identifiera eventuella forskningsgap. Efteranalysen konstaterades ett uppenbart informationsgap inom litteraturen relaterat till hyresgästrisker.Den andra fasen bestod av en kvalitativ metod där experter inom området har intervjuats gällandehyresgästrisker, för att utvärdera om problemet finns i praktiken eller endast i teorin. För att konstruerafrågorna fick vi assistans av experter inom ämnet via våra handledare Han-Suck Song, KTH och DanielHolmkvist, CBRE. Intervjuer: Nio intervjuer genomfördes med experter inom ämnet där både konsulter ochfastighetsägare deltog för att presentera olika synvinklar på problemet. Samtliga intervjuer ärgenomförda i Stockholm och på svenska. Intervjuavsnitten har översatts till engelska i efterhand. Resultat: Resultatavsnittet består av de svar som har erhållits från intervjuerna, där relevantaresonemang har summerats och noggrant strukturerats för att koppla marknadsområden till korrektfastighetssegment. Återkommande teman och ämnen har presenterats i resultatavsnittet, så väl somavvikande uppfattningar. Resultatet visar att det finns ett tydligt samband mellan riskpremium ochhyresgästrisker gällande kommersiella fastigheter. Sambandet beror på ett flertal faktorer där läge ochfastighetssegment har störst inverkan på riskpremien. Gällande obligationsmarknaden går det inte attlikställa ett hyresavtal med en obligation under något förhållande. Däremot om avtalet avser enkontraktslängd på 20 år eller längre och en offentligt finansierad hyresgäst så kan kassaflödet bli ettintressant investeringsalternativ till befintliga obligationer på marknaden. Detta beror till stor del pånuvarande ränteläge. Slutligen måste ett hyresavtal bli lättare att omsätta för att kunna jämföras meden alternativ obligation. Vetenskaplig relevans: Transaktionsaktiviteten på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden har varit relativtdefensiv för flertalet segment med undantag för samhällsfastigheter de senaste tolv månaderna. Dengenerella uppfattningen är att samhällsfastigheter avser ”stabila hyresgäster” och därmed ses som enmindre riskfylld investering. Detta medför frågeställningen, vad avses för att klassificera en hyresgästsom stabil, och hur resonerar konsulter samt fastighetsägare vid investerings- och värderingsbeslut?Efter att ha genomfört undersökningen går det att konstatera att en allmän uppfattning bland experterinom området är att hyresgästrisken till största del beror på vilket segment, lokalisering ellerkontraktslängd som avses. Den akademiska litteraturen förklarar hur diskonteringsräntan härleds förinvesteringsbeslut, men denna undersökning visar att den tillgängliga litteraturen antingen utelämnarflera viktiga koncept eller inte tillräckligt belyser fenomen som investerare och värderare möter i sittpraktiska arbete. Det grundläggande avsnittet som svensk litteratur till viss del utelämnar är sambandetmellan risk premium och hyresgästrisk på specifikt den svenska marknaden. Det finns utländsk litteratursom belyser denna typ av frågeställningar, men just för den svenska marknaden är litteraturen till vissdel ej tillräcklig och därmed har ett potentiellt forskningsgap inom området identifieras.
Křížová, Eliška. "Příčiny a souvislosti finanční krize v USA." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113685.
Full textCrespo, António Pedro Marcos Avérous Mira. "Controlo de pragas no Jardim Zoológico de Lisboa : particular relevância para o controlo de roedores e sua infeção parasitária." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4937.
Full textOs parques zoológicos constituem ecossistemas partilhados por espécies domésticas e silvestres e pelo Homem, o que facilita a entrada de agentes patogénicos, sendo fundamental o estabelecimento de um programa de medicina veterinária preventiva, onde o cumprimento de todas as regras de segurança e higiene e o controlo de pragas são fundamentais. Assim, o presente estudo que decorreu no Jardim Zoológico de Lisboa, durante o ano de 2011, teve como objetivo efetuar um levantamento sobre as práticas de higiene e segurança, com ênfase no controlo de pragas, mediante observações in loco, entrevistas aos tratadores e responsáveis pelas empresas de controlo de pragas e a aplicação de um inquérito aos tratadores, com vista à identificação dos graus de infestação e práticas de prevenção e controlo. Dada a importância que os roedores representam como hospedeiros de um elevado número de espécies parasitárias foi ainda objetivo deste estudo a determinação da infeção parasitária em 100 roedores capturados (50 Mus musculus; 50 Rattus norvegicus). Através das observações realizadas e da análise das respostas obtidas no inquérito aos tratadores, verificou-se que de uma maneira geral, os cuidados de higiene e segurança praticados no Jardim Zoológico de Lisboa vão ao encontro do preconizado por vários autores, no entanto, alguns aspetos, relativamente à prevenção e ao controlo de pragas poderiam ser melhorados. São apresentadas neste trabalho sugestões de melhoramento, e sugere-se ainda que as ações de formação aos tratadores sejam estendidas a esta temática, caracterizando as espécies de pragas existentes e as doenças por elas transmitidas, para incentivar uma melhor deteção e controlo das mesmas. No estudo parasitário verificou-se que 82 roedores (82,0 %) apresentavam formas de eliminação parasitária, com maior proporção de animais positivos para a espécie Rattus norvegicus (84,0%). Identificaram-se nove espécies de parasitas, Eimeria spp., Cryptosporidium parvum, Cysticercus fasciolaris (forma larvar de Taenia taeniaeformis), Hymenolepis diminuta, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Heterakis spumosa, Syphacia obvelata, Callodium hepaticum e Trichuris muris, independentemente da espécie de roedor. Das espécies identificadas, Cryptosporidium parvum, Calodium hepaticum e Syphacia obvelata são transmissíveis diretamente a primatas, incluindo o Homem e Cysticercus fasciolaris e Hymenolepis diminuta indiretamente aos mesmos hospedeiros. Estes estudos salientam a importância do controlo de pragas no ecossistema formado pelo Zoo de lisboa, especialmente considerando o papel que algumas espécies de pragas assumem como reservatório de agentes parasitários e de outras naturezas, patogénicos para o Homem e animais.
ABSTRACT - Pest control in the Zoological Garden of Lisbon – special relevance for rodents control and their parasitic infection - Zoological parks constitute special ecosystems shared by domestic and wild species and man, which promotes the entrance of pathogens, therefore the establishment of preventive programs, with the fulfillment of all rules of security hygiene and pest control is essential The present study was carried out at the Lisbon Zoo, during 2011, aimed to characterize the hygiene and safety practices, with special emphasis on pest control, by in situ observations, interview to keepers and the pest control personnel. A formal questionnaire was implemented to keepers in order to establish infestations levels and current preventive and control practices. Considering the importance of rodents as host of a large number of parasitic species another objetive of this study was to determine the parasitic infection in 100 captured rodents (50 Mus musculus, 50 Rattus norvegicus). The observations and the analysis of keeper’s survey revealed that in general, the hygiene and safety practiced in Lisbon Zoo follows the recommendations of several authors, however, some aspects of pest control would benefit of improvements. Suggestions are presented to correct the aspects, is also suggested that training activities for keepers are extended to this subject, including the characteristics of the existing pests and diseases they can transmit in order to improve pest detection and their control. In the parasitic study it was found that 82 rodents (82.0%) had parasitic forms of disposal, with a greater proportion of animals positive for the species Rattus norvegicus (84.0%). We identified nine species of parasites, Eimeria spp., Cryptosporidium parvum, Cysticercus fasciolaris (larval form of Taenia taeniaeformis), Hymenolepis diminuta, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Heterakis spumosa, Syphacia obvelata, Calodium hepaticum and Trichuris muris, regardless of the rodent species. From those species, Cryptosporidium parvum, Calodium hepaticum and Syphacia obvelata may be transmitted directly to primates, including humans and Cysticercus fasciolaris and Hymenolepis diminuta are indirectly transmitted also to humans and primates. These studies highlighted the importance of pest control in the Lisbon Zoo ecosystem, especially considering the role that some pest species assume as reservoirs of animal and zoonotic parasitic diseases as well as other pathogens.
Candido, Guilherme Amaral. "Aplicação de um modelo de intensidade para apreçamento de credit default swaps sobre emissor corporativo no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20441.
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Extensa literatura existe acerca de apreçamento de derivativos de crédito, em especial Credit Default Swaps, porém pouco foi discutido sobre o caso peculiar brasileiro, com convenções de taxas de juros e legislação específicas. Este trabalho foca na implementação de um modelo de intensidade, em particular o modelo padrão da ISDA, adaptado à um contrato de CDS no Brasil sobre um emissor corporativo. Spreads de Credit Default Swaps negociados no mercado offshore, yields de bonds e yields de debêntures foram utilizados como insumos para obtenção das taxas implícitas de intensidade de default e backtesting do modelo. Os dados utilizados compreendem o período de 2015 a 2017, englobando momentos de estresse relacionados à crise política brasileira. Algumas aplicações são, então, apresentadas, entre elas hedging, basis trading e estruturação de Credit Linked Notes.
Extensive literature exists on the pricing of credit derivatives, particularly Credit Default Swaps, yet little has been discussed about the distinctive Brazilian case, with specific legislation and interest rate conventions. This work aims to implement an intensity model, in particular the standard ISDA model, adapted to a CDS contract in Brazil on a corporate issuer. Spreads of Credit Default Swaps traded in the offshore market, offshore bond yields and local bond yields were used as inputs for obtaining the implicit hazard rates and for back testing the model. The data used cover the period from 2015 to 2017, including relevant moments of stress related to the Brazilian political crisis. Some applications are then presented, including hedging, basis trading and Credit Linked Notes structuring.
Skučaitė-Gribauskienė, Eglė. "Maisto kokybės ir saugos politika Lietuvoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060526_094146-61968.
Full textPuzanova, Daria. "Americká ekonomická krize 2007-2009." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10912.
Full textÖberg, Mattias U. L. "Health risk assessment of dioxin-like compounds in complex samples /." Stockholm : Karolinska inst, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-692-8.
Full textFernandes, Alfredo Manoel da Silva. "Duração da hospitalização e faturamento das despesas hospitalares em portadores de cardiopatia congênita e de cardiopatia isquêmica submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica cardiovascular assistidos no protocolo da via rápida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-21072014-110315/.
Full textObjective - To evaluate patient assistance in pre, per and postoperative phases of cardiac surgical intervention under fast track recovering protocol compared to the conventional way. Patients - 175 patients were studied, 107 (61%) men and 68 (39%) women. Ages 2 months to 81 years old. Patients included: first surgical intervention, congenital and ischemic cardiopathy without complexity, normal ventricular function and with at least 2 preoperative ambulatory consultations. Patients submitted to emergency surgeries were excluded. Interventions - assistance submitted by fast track and conventional protocol. Statistical analysis (measures) - exploratory, uni-varied (Kaplan Meier) and multi-varied (Cox) of the time in each admission unit. Hospital installations were classified in ambulatory, preoperative admission unit, surgical center, postoperative recovery unit and postoperative admission unit; the expression of this use was the discharge rate by unit of time from the significant interaction observed between assistance protocol and the kind of cardiopathy for the stay in the surgical center, surgical intervention time, stay in postoperative recovery unit, anesthesia time and time between admission and surgery dates. Results - the patients of congenital cardiopathy who underwent the protocol of conventional way recovery in relation to the fast track protocol, in the reliability range of 95% allows one to state that discharge rate by unit of time of the congenital cardiopathy patients assisted by the fast track protocol was: 11.3 times the discharge rate when assisted by the conventional way protocol as to the time of staying in the surgical center; 6.3 times as to the duration of the surgical intervention; 6.8 times as to duration of the anesthesia; 1.5 times as to the duration of the perfusion; 2.8 times as to the stay in the postoperative recovery unit; 6.7 times as to the stay in the hospital (period of time between the admission and the discharge date); 2.8 times as to the stay in the preoperative admission unit ( period of time between the admission date and the surgery date); 2.1 times as to the stay in the postoperative unit (period of time between the date of leaving the postoperative recovery unit and the date of discharge from the hospital). For the ischemia cardiopathy patients the risks concerning the protocols of recovery by the traditional way and the fast track were the same. CONCLUSIONS - The data concerning this study allows one to suggest that the assistance can be more efficient if one takes into consideration some variables studied in the protocol of fast track recovery. The congenital and ischemic cardiopathy patients presented shorter interval of time (concerning hospital stay in doctor-hospital installed facilities) when assisted in the fast track recovery protocol as well as fewer expenses with medical and hospital assistance.