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Journal articles on the topic 'Hawkesbury'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Cumming, Suzanne. "The Improvers' Legacy: Environmental Studies of the Hawkesbury." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 2 (1999): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990157.

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Since European settlement began on the Hawkesbury-Nepean River system in New South Wales, two centuries of exploitation has led to various environmental problems. Despite these problems, the Hawkesbury-Nepean River is one of Australia's most scenic waterways. To maintain and restore the river system for future generations requires a combination of an historic perspective with appropriate scientific knowledge.

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2

Gould, Susan F. "Proteoid root mats bind surface materials in Hawkesbury Sandstone biomantles." Soil Research 36, no. 6 (1998): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98004.

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Sediment yield following bushfire on Hawkesbury Sandstone hillslopes is highly variable and catastrophic stripping of soils often does not occur as anticipated. Proteoid root mats were examined as a potential mechanism for limiting catastrophic stripping of Hawkesbury Sandstone biomantles. It was found that surface and subsurface proteoid root mats were widespread and concentrated in the uppermost portion of the soil profile. The proteoid roots bound mineral soil from the size of clay to gravel. The roots were observed growing up into the leaf litter and bound leaf litter to the mineral soil surface. It is concluded that proteoid root mats bind surface materials in Hawkesbury Sandstone biomantles and are sufficiently widespread to account for the stability of soil materials that appear to be unprotected following bushfire.

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3

Farman, Roy M., and Phil R. Bell. "Australia's earliest tetrapod swimming traces from the Hawkesbury Sandstone (Middle Triassic) of the Sydney Basin." Journal of Paleontology 94, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 966–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.22.

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AbstractThe Hawkesbury Sandstone (Hawkesbury Series, Sydney Basin) on the southeastern coast of New South Wales, Australia, preserves a depauperate but important vertebrate tetrapod body-fossil record from the Early and Middle Triassic. As with many fossil sites around the world, the ichnological record has helped to shed light on the paleoecology of this interval. Herein, we investigate historical reports of a trackway pertaining to a putative short-tailed reptile found at Berowra Creek in the 1940s. Reinvestigation of the surviving track-bearing slabs augmented by archival photographs of the complete trackway, suggests that these impressions, which consist primarily of didactyl tracks (plus less common monodactyl and tridactyl traces), represent the earliest example of a swimming tetrapod found in Australia. Another isolated specimen (possibly from a nearby locality at Annangrove) appears to represent similar didactyl swim traces of a second, larger individual. Although the identities of the trackmakers are unknown, the Berowra Creek individual had an estimated body length of between ~80 cm (short-coupled) and 1.35 m (long-coupled), and produced the subaqueous trackway while travelling upslope (against the current) on a sandbar within a braided river system of the Hawkesbury Sandstone. These trackways partially resemble amphibian swim traces in the so-called Batrachichnus C Lunichnium continuum, but appear to represent a unique locomotion trace. This reanalysis of the Berowra Creek trackway provides insight into the locomotion of tetrapods of the Triassic Hawkesbury Series, which remains a poorly understood aspect of their life history.

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4

Gould, Susan F. "Proteoid root mats stabilise Hawkesbury Sandstone biomantles following fire." Soil Research 36, no. 6 (1998): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98005.

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The proteoid roots of Banksia serrata L. f. form a dense mat which actively binds biomantle material. In this study, the proteoid root mats of B. serrata L. f. were studied within the context of repeating landscape elements to determine their impact on soil erosion following fire. It was found that proteoid root mats on a Hawkesbury Sandstone hillslope were extensive and positioned high in the soil profile at a time when soils might otherwise be susceptible to soil erosion. On the basis of this evidence, it is concluded that the proteoid roots ofBanksia serrata L. f. stabilise Hawkesbury Sandstone biomantles following bushfire.

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5

Birch, Gavin, Nicole Shotter, and Pieter Steetsel. "The Environmental Status of Hawkesbury River Sediments." Australian Geographical Studies 36, no. 1 (March 1998): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8470.00038.

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6

Johnson, Andrew. "Orpheus on the Hawkesbury: Placing Robert Adamson." Journal of Australian Studies 27, no. 80 (January 2003): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443050309387910.

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7

Rosicky, M. A., P. Slavich, L. A. Sullivan, and M. Hughes. "Techniques for revegetation of acid sulfate soil scalds in the coastal floodplains of New South Wales, Australia: ridging, mulching and liming in the absence of stock grazing." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 12 (2006): 1589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05218.

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Two revegetation field trials were undertaken on chronically bare acid sulfate soil scalds on grazing properties in the Hawkesbury and Macleay catchments of New South Wales, Australia. The aim was to test the effectiveness of various low cost and readily accessible techniques to encourage revegetation (via existing seedbank or surrounding vegetation) of the scalded sites. The trial at the more efficiently drained Hawkesbury site used a combined treatment of ridging (R), mulching (M) and liming (L) (i.e. R–M–L) compared with a control, within a fenced area. At the more waterlogged Macleay site, various elements of the combined treatment (i.e. R, M, R–M, R–L, R–M–L) were compared with a control, within a fenced area. Vegetation occurrence, biomass and species were tested, along with pertinent soil parameters (pH, salinity, soil moisture, soluble metals). Soil testing was undertaken at 2 depth levels to represent the seed germination zone (0–1 cm), and the potential root zone (1–10 cm). At the Hawkesbury site, the combined treatment (R–M–L) caused significantly greater vegetation occurrence and biomass, lower salinity, higher pH and increased soil moisture. At the Macleay site, results were more variable, but similar to the Hawkesbury trial as the site dried out. Mulching was the single most important treatment. All mulched sites had significantly more vegetation than the control, reaching 100% coverage in the R–M–L plots. Stock exclusion alone produced minimal results. Ridging alone was counterproductive. Liming without mulching caused proliferation of an insubstantial and transient vegetation species (Isolepis inundata). Most interesting was the different vegetation species encouraged by the different mulch treatments: treatment M was dominated by the sedge, Eleocharis acuta; treatment R–M was an even mix of Eleocharis acuta and native water-tolerant grasses (Paspalum distichum and Pseudoraphis paradoxa); treatment R–M–L was dominated by the aforementioned native grasses. These grasses are highly favoured for both economic (highly palatable to stock) and environmental (thick mulch cover, self seeding) objectives. The results demonstrate that revegetation of acid sulfate soil scalds is possible, and different treatments can influence vegetation species composition.

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8

Saintilan, Neil. "Mangroves as successional stages on the Hawkesbury River." Wetlands Australia 16, no. 2 (January 23, 2010): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.189.

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9

Gilmour, Alistair J. "The Hawkesbury river: a social and natural history." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 25, no. 2 (March 6, 2018): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2018.1426537.

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10

Smith, A. G., and P. J. N. Pells. "Impact of fire on tunnels in Hawkesbury sandstone." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 23, no. 1 (January 2008): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2006.11.003.

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11

Bawden, R. J. "Systems approaches to agricultural development: The Hawkesbury experience." Agricultural Systems 40, no. 1-3 (January 1992): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(92)90019-k.

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12

Bawden, Richard. "Transforming systems: The Hawkesbury initiatives in systemic development." South African Review of Sociology 47, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2015.1131192.

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13

C. Chessman, Bruce, and Simon A. Williams. "Biodiversity and conservation of river macroinvertebrates on an expanding urban fringe: western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 1 (1999): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990036.

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As in many growing urban areas, the prevention of environmental damage as Sydney spreads westward into the Hawkesbury-Nepean River basin is a major challenge for planners, managers and the local community, We surveyed macroinvertebrates at 45 river and stream sites in April-June 1996, and reviewed data from other sources, in order to assess the issues involved in conservation of the lotic macro invertebrate fauna, Regional richness is high with 443 recorded species and morphospecies, Cluster analysis showed community pattems related mainly to waterway size (separating the Hawkesbury-Nepean River from tributary streams), geology (tributaries on shale or sandstone), tidal intrusion and urbanization (impoverished faunas in urban streams). The ability of genus richness of mites and major insect orders to reflect overall genus richness at a site was limited, and Diptera and Trichoptera appear to have the greatest value as biodiversity predictors. Urban expansion is the major threat to lotic macro invertebrate communities in the region, but agriculture, flow regulation, sand and gravel ex1raction and introduced species have probably also impacted on the fauna, Streams with high conservation value for macroinvertebrates include those few on the Cumberland Plain and surrounding slopes that retain substantial indigenous vegetation in relatively undeveloped catchments. The Hawkesbury-Nepean River sfill harbours a rich faunal community and is also important for conservation, The development of effective strategies for conservation assessment and management is problematic for several reasons, Some species in the region are known to be vulnerable, but the status of most cannot be assessed because of a lack of taxonomic and zoogeographic information, Most "biodiversity indicator" concepts are of dubious value for aquatic macroinvertebrate conservation. A multi-faceted management approach emphasizing subcatchment reserves, riparian restoration and the control of threatening processes is required.

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14

Oliveira, David, and Mark S. Diederichs. "Tunnel support for stress induced failures in Hawkesbury Sandstone." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 64 (April 2017): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.01.003.

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15

Wasantha, P. L. P., and P. G. Ranjith. "Water-weakening behavior of Hawkesbury sandstone in brittle regime." Engineering Geology 178 (August 2014): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.05.015.

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16

Bellgard, SE. "Mycorrhizal Associations of Plant-Species in Hawkesbury Sandstone Vegetation." Australian Journal of Botany 39, no. 4 (1991): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9910357.

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The mycorrhizal associations of plant species in an open woodland and heathland on Hawkesbury Sandstone soils were examined. The two geographically disjunct sites supported vegetation of differing physiognomy, but possessed many species common to both sites. At the woodland site, 21 of the 32 plant species examined had mycorrhizal associations. At the heath site, 31 of the 47 plant species examined were mycorrhizal. Mycorrhizal associations were found on representatives of the Cyperaceae and Proteaceae, families not previously thought to be mycorrhizal. Internal hyphae, vesicles, and cortical hyphal coils were discovered on the roots of two species of Cyperaceae and on the non-proteoid roots of nine species of the Proteacae. Several species within genera and families previously known to be mycorrhizal were also found for the first time to have associations. Endomycorrhizal associations predominated at both sites, but several species had both ecto- and endomycorrhizal associations. The presence or absence of mycorrhizal associations was consistent on the roots of those plant species common to both sites examined.

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17

Bawden, Richard. "Systemic development at Hawkesbury: some personal lessons from experience." Systems Research and Behavioral Science 22, no. 2 (March 30, 2005): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sres.682.

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18

Ouellet, Fernand. "Inégalités ethniques, disparités socioculturelles et hiérarchie de la terre à Hawkesbury et à Alfred en 1871." Cahiers Charlevoix 4 (April 10, 2017): 51–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039358ar.

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Fernand Ouellet poursuit son étude du profil socio-économique des communautés de langue française de l’est du Canada avant 1911. Utilisant la méthode comparative, il a jusqu’ici mis en rapport, entre elles et avec les autres populations de leurs provinces et régions, ces diverses collectivités à des points de vue divers – la démographie, l’agriculture, l’urbanisation, l’industrialisation, l’alphabétisation et la scolarisation – ; il a montré que leur appartenance religieuse et linguistique constituent des facteurs de distinction et qu’elles forment partout des communautés désavantagées. Le présent article lui permet de tester la validité de ses conclusions sur la communauté française du comté de Prescott, celles des cantons de Hawkesbury-Est, de Hawkesbury-Ouest et d’Alfred, à partir du recensement nominatif de 1871. Il commente les thèses courantes, certaines fantaisistes, sur l’estimation du nombre des migrants canadiens-français et les motivations qui les poussent à migrer, montrant que les considérations socio-économiques devancent de loin le besoin de se reproduire. Il explique enfin les inégalités ethniques des Franco-Ontariens par la hiérarchie de la terre, leur arrivée tardive justifiant la moindre étendue de leurs possessions foncières et les rendant disponibles pour le travail forestier.

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19

Harris, JH. "Diet of the Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata (Perciformes : Percichthyidae), in the Sydney Basin." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 2 (1985): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850219.

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Stomach contents of Australian bass, M. novemaculeata, sampled from the Hawkesbury River and Georges River in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, between November 1977 and January 1982 were analysed by the occurrence and points methods. Stomach fullness was also recorded. A total of 143 aquatic and terrestrial animal taxa were present in the diet, and these were grouped into 19 food types for analysis. M. novemaculeata is a euryphagic carnivore. Season and habitat type had significant effects on composition of the diet. Insects were the most important food type, followed by fish and large crustaceans. A large proportion of the diet of bass was derived from allochthonous sources, mainly during summer, and especially in lotic habitats. Mean stomach fullness was highest in spring and lowest in winter. Young M. novernaculeata (TL 11-47 mm) from the Hawkesbury River estuary fed on far fewer prey taxa (mainly chironomids and copepods) than did adults. Dietary overlap occurs between M. novemaculeata and many other carnivorous freshwater vertebrates in the Sydney Basin. However, persistent competitive clashes are generally avoided, either by differences in microhabitat preference and feeding behaviour or by larger-scale habitat partitioning.

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20

Recher, H. F., P. A. Hutchings, and S. Rosen. "The biota of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment: reconstruction and restoration." Australian Zoologist 29, no. 1-2 (August 1993): 3–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.1993.002.

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21

French, R. "Losing Ground: An Environmental History of the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 2 (1997): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc97161a.

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Once upon a time I went to a university which compelled its engineering students to do a few arts subjects to round out their otherwise myopic studies. Being a sensitive-no-attitude-guy, I really wanted to be lovable, and I had remembered the history lecturer told us not simply to quote facts, but interpret them. Five per cent of us tried to do more than simply transcribe the history books, but, for our pains, we got whacked with conceded passes. Anyway, how much history could 19-year-old students learn from a 28-year-old lecturer called Patrick O'Farrell?

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22

Simonovski, Jim, Chris Owens, and Gavin Birch2. "Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Upper Hawkesbury-Nepean River." Australian Geographical Studies 41, no. 2 (July 2003): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8470.00205.

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23

Attwater, Roger, Sandy Booth, Peter Davey, and Alasdair Guthrie. "Opportunities for Stormwater and Wastewater Investment in the Hawkesbury-Nepean." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 9, no. 3 (January 2002): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2002.10648557.

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24

Curthoys, Patricia, and S.Rosen. "Losing Ground: An Environmental History of The Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Labour History, no. 70 (1996): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516440.

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25

Miall, A. D., and B. G. Jones. "Fluvial Architecture of the Hawkesbury Sandstone (Triassic), Near Sydney, Australia." Journal of Sedimentary Research 73, no. 4 (July 1, 2003): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/111502730531.

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26

ATTENBROW, VAL, and NINA KONONENKO. "Creating Sydney-Hawkesbury rock engravings: A Mangrove Mountain engraving tool." Archaeology in Oceania 52, no. 3 (July 7, 2017): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arco.5131.

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27

Wilkie, Emma M., Melanie J. Bishop, Wayne A. O'Connor, and Ross G. McPherson. "Status of the Sydney rock oyster in a disease-afflicted estuary: persistence of wild populations despite severe impacts on cultured counterparts." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 3 (2013): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13010.

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Marine diseases represent a significant threat to wild organisms and the ecosystem services they support, yet studies often consider only disease impacts to aquaculture. In eastern Australia, the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) aquaculture industry is increasingly affected by outbreaks of QX disease caused by parasitic Marteilia sydneyi. The present study considered impacts of M. sydneyi infection on the structure of wild-oyster populations that are dominated by S. glomerata, but that may also include the non-native Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. In the Hawkesbury River Estuary, where cultured S. glomerata has experienced up to 98% QX-induced mortality, we found that disease prevalence was comparatively low among wild S. glomerata, peaking at 14%, and annual infections did not cause seasonal patterns of mortality. Furthermore, C. gigas, a competitor of S. glomerata that is not susceptible to QX disease, was not consistently more abundant at sites with than without the parasite. Overall, our results indicated that relative to cultured counterparts, wild S. glomerata in the Hawkesbury River Estuary is minimally affected by QX disease. Nevertheless, our study showed that diseases of aquaculture stocks have the capacity to infect wild populations, and that longer-term assessment of wild populations at risk is essential.

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28

Humphreys, GS, PA Hunt, and R. Buchanan. "Wood ash stone near Sydney, NSW - a carbonate pedologial feature in an acidic soil." Soil Research 25, no. 2 (1987): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870115.

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Wood-ash stone, composed mainly of calcite (XRD, XRF, EMS and petrological determination), has been found within the remains of a large, standing and mostly burnt tree (Angophora costata) near Sydney, N.S.W. This may be the first recorded occurrence of wood-ash stone in Australia and outside North America. Slow burning of standing trees is proposed as a mechanism for producing carbonate features in nutrient poor and acidic soil parent materials such as the quartzose Hawkesbury Sandstone.

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29

Saintilan, Neil. "Above- and below-ground biomasses of two species of mangrove on the Hawkesbury River estuary, New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 2 (1997): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf96079.

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Above- and below-ground biomasses of two species of mangrove, Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum, were estimated in a range of intertidal environments along the Hawkesbury River. Estimates of biomass of Avicennia communities in freshly accreted brackish substrata were in the order of 40 kg m–2, the highest figure ever recorded for temperate mangrove communities. The above-ground biomass communities of each species declined with increasing substratum salinity, whereas root/shoot ratios increased with increasing substratum salinity.

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30

Mann, R. A. "Phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics of constructed wetland gravels and steelworks by-products." Soil Research 35, no. 2 (1997): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96041.

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Laboratory phosphorus (P) adsorption and desorption experiments were conducted on 9 substrata to evaluate their potential to remove P from sewage effluent. The substrata comprised 2 gravels used in constructed wetlands, Hawkesbury sandstone, and 6 steelworks by-products: granulated blast furnace slag, blast furnace slag, steel slag, fly ash, bottom ash, and coal wash. The studies involved ion-exchange experiments and calculation of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and column adsorption/desorption trials. The ability to adsorb P was then correlated to the physico-chemical attributes including X-ray fluorescence analyses of each substratum. High P adsorption capacities (>380 mg/kg) were shown for granulated blast furnace slag, blast furnace slag, and steel slag, as well as fly ash. All steelworks by-products had adsorption capacities greater than the constructed wetland gravels and Hawkesbury sandstone. The P adsorption capacities of the substrata were significantly correlated with Ca (r2 = 0 · 9206), Mg (r2 = 0 · 8681), pH (r2 = 0 · 7009), S (r2 = 0 · 6696), and Si (r2 = 0 · 6438) when fly ash was omitted from the analyses. Further research is recommended to evaluate the sustainability of using slags for P removal (as well as other contaminants present in wastewater), using full-scale constructed wetlands. Research should include an evaluation of any likely environmental impacts using leachability and toxicity studies.

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31

Summerhayes, Stephen A., Brendan P. Kelaher, and Melanie J. Bishop. "Spatial Patterns of Wild Oysters in the Hawkesbury River, NSW, Australia." Journal of Shellfish Research 28, no. 3 (August 2009): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.028.0304.

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32

Hamzah, Noorfaizah, Nur Ain Mat Yusof, and Mohd Jamaludin Md Noor. "Anisotropic Deformation Model for Hawkesbury Sandstone Incorporating Inherent Mobilised Shear Strength." Civil Engineering and Architecture 9, no. 5A (September 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/cea.2021.091311.

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33

Verhoef, Peter N. W. "Abrasivity of Hawkesbury Sandstone (Sydney, Australia) in relation to rock dredging." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 26, no. 1 (February 1993): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1993.026.01.02.

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34

Uraipong, Chatchaporn, Robin D. Allan, Chunhua Li, Ivan R. Kennedy, Victor Wong, and Nanju Alice Lee. "17β-Estradiol residues and estrogenic activities in the Hawkesbury River, Australia." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 164 (November 2018): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.013.

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35

Attwater, Roger, Jane Aiken, Gavin Beveridge, C. A. (Sandy) Booth, Chris Derry, Rezina Shams, and Joel Stewart. "An adaptive systems toolkit for managing the Hawkesbury water recycling scheme." Desalination 188, no. 1-3 (February 2006): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.098.

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36

Reinfelds, Ivars V., Helen Keenan, and Christopher T. Walsh. "Fish passage modelling for environmental flows: Hawkesbury‐Nepean River, NSW, Australia." River Research and Applications 36, no. 4 (May 24, 2019): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3445.

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37

Wertheimer, Graeme, and Luke R. Bereznicki. "Exploring the Quality of Anticoagulant Prescribed for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation at the St John of God Hawkesbury District Health Centre, New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 24, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1074248418786264.

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Background: Limited data are available on the clinical management of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its outcomes from an Australian perspective. Objective: To describe the appropriateness of antithrombotic prescribing for patients who presented with a diagnosis of AF to the Hawkesbury St John of God Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. Methods: This retrospective observational study reviewed patients admitted to St John of God Hawkesbury Hospital with AF between June 2016 and June 2017. We calculated stroke risk using the CHA2DS2-VASc score based on medical records and reviewed the appropriateness of oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescribing compared to the 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Patients were excluded if they had only 1 episode of AF that reverted either spontaneously or upon cardioversion without any documented recurrences. Results: A total of 200 patients (18 years) were included, with 180 (90%) deemed eligible for anticoagulation. Of these 72.8% (n = 131) were prescribed an OAC. A total of 40.0% of patients at low risk of stroke and 68.4% at intermediate risk were prescribed an OAC, respectively. Apixaban was the direct OAC of choice with 36.6% of patients prescribed an OAC receiving apixaban. Warfarin was prescribed for 25.1% of the patients who were prescribed an OAC. Conclusions: The underutilization of anticoagulant medication in high-risk groups and over utilization in low-risk groups remains an ongoing issue in contemporary AF management, and it highlights the need to improve AF-related stroke prevention in our jurisdiction.

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38

Munawar, Hafiz Suliman, Mohammad Mojtahedi, Ahmed W. A. Hammad, Michael J. Ostwald, and S. Travis Waller. "An AI/ML-Based Strategy for Disaster Response and Evacuation of Victims in Aged Care Facilities in the Hawkesbury-Nepean Valley: A Perspective." Buildings 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010080.

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The Hawkesbury-Nepean Valley, Australia’s longest coastal catchment, is spanned by a river system of more than 470 km, that runs from Goulburn to Broken Bay, covering a total area of over 2.2 million hectares. This region has remained prone to flood events, with considerable mortalities, economic impacts and infrastructural losses occurring quite regularly. The topography, naturally variable climatic conditions and the ‘bathtub’ effect in the region are responsible for the frequent flood events. In response, the Government at the national/federal, state and local level has focused on the design of efficient flood risk management strategies with appropriate evacuation plans for vulnerable communities from hospitals, schools, childcare and aged care facilities during a flood event. Despite these overarching plans, specialized response and evacuation plans for aged care facilities are critical to reducing the loss incurred by flood events in the region. This is the focus of this present paper, which reviews the history of flood events and responses to them, before examining the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques during flood events to overcome the flood risks. An early flood warning system, based on AI/Machine Learning (ML) strategy is being suggested for a timely decision, enhanced disaster prediction, assessment and response necessary to overcome the flood risks associated with aged care facilities within the Hawkesbury-Nepean region. A framework entailing AI/ML methods for identifying the safest route to the destination using UAV and path planning has been proposed for timely disaster response and evacuation of the residents of aged care facilities.

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39

Kuruppu, Upeka, and Ataur Rahman. "Trends in water quality data in the Hawkesbury–Nepean River System, Australia." Journal of Water and Climate Change 6, no. 4 (May 7, 2015): 816–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2015.120.

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The Hawkesbury–Nepean River System (HNRS) is one of the most important inland river systems in Australia, which supplies over 90% of Sydney's potable water. In this paper, 25 water quality parameters from nine sampling stations in the HNRS covering a period of 12 years are used to examine the trends in the water quality data in the HNRS. It has been found that there is an overall increasing trend of turbidity, chlorophyll-a, alkalinity, total iron, total aluminium, total manganese and reactive silicate, indicating an overall water quality deterioration in the HNRS during the last decade. The parameters such as phosphorus, suspended solids and ammonical nitrogen do not show any marked change over the period of study. Although an improvement in water quality can be seen at some stations downstream of the undisturbed parts of the catchment, there is a clear trend of increased chemical and physical water quality deterioration at many locations in the HNRS. Better land use planning is recommended to achieve an overall improvement in the water quality of the HNRS in future.

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Fedorak, Charles John. "In Search of a Necessary Ally: Addington, Hawkesbury, and Russia, 1801–1804." International History Review 13, no. 2 (June 1991): 221–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1991.9640579.

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Jones, A. R. "The effects of dredging and spoil disposal on Macrobenthos, Hawkesbury Estuary, N.S.W." Marine Pollution Bulletin 17, no. 1 (January 1986): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(86)90798-8.

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Martens, Daniel M. "Hydrologic inferences from tree-ring studies on the Hawkesbury River, Sydney, Australia." Geomorphology 8, no. 2-3 (November 1993): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555x(93)90034-y.

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Brunton, V., and D. Fahey. "SPECIFICATIONS FOR COMPOSTED SOIL CONDITIONER FOR THE HAWKESBURY NEPEAN RIVER RECOVERY PROJECT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1018 (January 2014): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1018.53.

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Hawkins, W. J., and D. A. Geering. "Water Quality Management – A Total Catchment Management Approach." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0064.

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Water quality standards set in the past have not helped resource managers in the decisions that they face in seeking sustainable development. Resource managers are looking for meaningful information on water quality so as to evaluate the resource, set priorities for action, and to monitor progress. Resource managers need to know how water quality affects, and is affected by, catchment uses and activities. Examples of three wild and scenic rivers, the Nymboida, Murrumbidgee, and Hawkesbury/Nepean River systems, demonstrate how a ‘Total Catchment Management' approach to resource use and resource protection has advantages for water quality management.

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Holford, Paul, Jann Conroy, Carolyn Webb, and Janne Malfroy. "Enhancing the Research Competencies of Horticulture Graduates through Improved Communications Skills." HortTechnology 9, no. 2 (January 1999): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.2.267.

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Research Philosophy and Methodology (RPM) is a core course designed for postgraduate students studying horticulture at the University of Western Sydney Hawkesbury. This course has two aims. First, RPM introduces the different paradigms found within science to students, and develops their understanding of different approaches to problem solving and extending knowledge. Second, RPM encourages an exploration of different forms of expression used within science and provides students with opportunities to practice communicating their ideas through written and oral presentations. It is intended that students will complete this course with a deeper understanding of how science is conducted and communicated.

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Schroder, Robert F. W., Michael M. Athanas, and Mary J. Camp. "The Effect of Simulated Solar Radiation on Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Adults Fed D & C Red # 28, a Photoactive Xanthene Dye1." Journal of Entomological Science 37, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-37.3.254.

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Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, adults were fed a bitter Hawkesbury watermelon juice bait containing varying concentrations (0.00075–0.1%) of D & C Red # 28, a photoactive xanthene dye. Using a tabletop sunlight exposure system, the insects were irradiated at light intensities of 250–500 W/m2. At 500 W/m2 and 30 min exposure, a median lethal concentration (LC50) was obtained at a dye concentration of 0.00364%. At a dye concentration of 0.75%, the median lethal time (LT50) ranged from 24 min at 250 W/m2, to 15 min at 500 W/m2.

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Schwarz, Imogen, and Yuriy Kuleshov. "Flood Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping: A Case Study for Australia’s Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 4894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194894.

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Floods are one of the most destructive natural hazards to which Australia is exposed. The frequency of extreme rainfall events and consequential floods are projected to increase into the future as a result of anthropogenic climate change. This highlights the need for more holistic risk assessments of flood affected regions. Flood risk assessments (FRAs) are used to inform decision makers and stakeholders when creating mitigation and adaptation strategies for at-risk communities. When assessing flood risk, previous FRAs from Australia’s most flood prone regions were generally focused on the flood hazard itself, and rarely considering flood vulnerability (FV). This study assessed FV in one of Australia’s most flood prone regions—the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, and investigated indicator-based approaches as a proxy method for Australian FV assessment instead of hydrological modelling. Four indicators were selected with the intention of representing environmental and socio-economic characteristics: elevation, degree of slope, index of relative socio-economic disadvantage (IRSD), and hydrologic soil groups (HSGs). It was found that combination of low elevation, low degree of slope, low IRSD score, and very-low infiltration soils resulted in very high levels of vulnerability. FV was shown to be at its highest in the Hawkesbury-Nepean valley flood plain region on the outskirts of Greater Western Sydney, particularly in Blacktown, Penrith, and Liverpool. This actionable risk data which resulted from the final FV index supported the practicality and serviceability of the proxy indicator-based approach. The developed methodology for FV assessment is replicable and has the potential to help inform decision makers of flood-prone communities in Australia, particularly in data scarce areas.

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Ribbat, Nina, Moninya Roughan, Brian Powell, Shivanesh Rao, and Colette Gabrielle Kerry. "Transport variability over the Hawkesbury Shelf (31.5–34.5°S) driven by the East Australian Current." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): e0241622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241622.

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The Hawkesbury Bioregion located off southeastern Australia (31.5–34.5oS) is a region of highly variable circulation. The region spans the typical separation point of the East Australian Current (EAC), the western boundary current that dominates the flow along the coast of SE Australia. It lies adjacent to a known ocean warming hotspot in the Tasman Sea, and is a region of high productivity. However, we have limited understanding of the circulation, temperature regimes and shelf transport in this region, and the drivers of variability. We configure a high resolution (750m) numerical model for the Hawkesbury Shelf region nested inside 2 data assimilating models of decreasing resolution, to obtain the best estimate of the shelf circulation and transport over a 2-yr period (2012–2013). Here we show that the transport is driven by the mesoscale EAC circulation that strengthens in summer and is related to the separation of the EAC jet from the coast. Transport estimates show strong offshore export is a maximum between 32-33oS. Median offshore transports range 2.5–8.4Sv seasonally and are a maximum during in summer driven by the separation of the EAC jet from the coast. The transport is more variable downstream of the EAC separation, driven by the EAC eddy field. Onshore transport occurs more frequently off Sydney 33.5–34.5oS; seasonal medians range -1.7 to 2.3Sv, with an onshore maximum in winter. The region is biologically productive, and it is a known white shark nursery area despite the dominance of the oligotrophic western boundary current. Hence an understanding of the drivers of circulation and cross-shelf exchange is important.

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Wood, T. "A Role for a Simple Discrete-Time Model to Describe Dispersion in an Estuary." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1985): 991–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0196.

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A simple discrete-time model is proposed to describe dispersion in an estuary, based on tidal exchanges between neighbouring segments. A procedure for parameter estimation and model validation is described which can be implemented with a minimum of field measurements; and the application of the model is demonstrated with data collected from the Hawkesbury River system, near Sydney. The results indicate that the modelling procedure described is capable of producing useful predictions of the response of salinity distribution to changes in fresh water input and tidal amplitude. The method could be most useful in circumstances where limitations on experimental resources preclude the undertaking of a more detailed investigation.

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Dodds, A. A., P. J. Fisher, A. J. Paull, and J. R. Sears. "Developing an Appropriate Wastewater Management Strategy for Sydney's Future Urban Development." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0007.

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Over the next 20 years, Sydney's population is expected to increase by about one million, with most of this growth proposed to be within the already environmentally stressed Hawkesbury-Nepean River catchment. The Water Board is providing infrastructure to the future urban development using a combination of conventional and innovative structural and non-structural solutions within an integrated river basin planning approach. The package of total water resource management initiatives that form the servicing strategy for the first major urban release area is outlined. It is demonstrated that the use of appropriate technologies can be effectively combined with resource management techniques to mitigate the potentially adverse environmental impacts of urban growth.

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