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1
Zhang, Tao. "The Chinese Civilizational “Threat” and White Supremacy Construction in Hawaii before Annexation." Culture & History Digital Journal 12, no. 1 (May 11, 2023): e013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2023.013.
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Though Americans had been considering annexing Hawaii since as early as 1851, Hawaii’s conglomerate racial composition was always a hindrance. Obviously aware of Americans’ apprehension, Hawaiian whites, or haoles, took much care to construct themselves as the indisputably dominant race in the islands. One means to that end was inventing and heroically confronting a civilizational threat from the Chinese, the biggest group of foreigners in Hawaii from the 1876 reciprocity treaty to the mid-1890s. In so doing, haoles managed to show that whites could and did overcome formidable obstacles to achieve a flourishing of their race and institutions in the island nation. This maneuver debunked anti-annexation Americans’ logic and concurred with American annexationists’ emphasis on Hawaii’s whiteness and its precariousness in the final stage of annexation debates. It was therefore one part of the Hawaii-U.S. cross-border effort at incorporating the former into the latter.
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Lee, Donna, Melissa A. Johnson, Luis F. Aristizábal, Suzanne Shriner, Catherine Chan, Susan Miyasaka, and Marisa Wall. "Economic Benefits from Managing Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) in Hawaii." Insects 14, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14040350.
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Coffee berry borer (CBB) is considered the most damaging insect pest of coffee worldwide. CBB was first detected on Hawai‘i Island in 2010, and quickly spread throughout the state’s coffee-growing regions. With the introduction of this pest, Hawaii’s small yet economically important coffee industry was changed forever with growers facing significantly higher production and labor costs, as well as decreased yield and coffee quality. We assessed the economic benefits of managing CBB based on three strategies that emerged in Hawaii over the last decade: (1) the use of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana alone, (2) early integrated pest management (IPM), which combined monitoring and sanitation with spraying B. bassiana, and (3) research-based IPM, which focused on CBB biology in Hawaii, optimization of monitoring, B. bassiana applications, and cultural controls. From 2011 to 2021, the economic benefits from managing CBB were USD 52 million using B. bassiana alone, USD 69 million from early IPM, and USD 130 million from research-based IPM, for a total of USD 251 million from all management. Our findings suggest that all types of management provide economic benefits to Hawaii growers, but management strategies based on Hawaii-specific research have provided the greatest gains in coffee yield, price, and revenue.
3
Espiritu, Antonina. "Public versus Private Education in Hawaii." education policy analysis archives 9 (October 22, 2001): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v9n43.2001.
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This study presents a time-series evidence on the timing and degree of feedback relationship between participation in education and income growth in Hawaii. Using the unrestricted vector autoregression approach and two related measures of linear dependence and feedback, the results suggest that across all educational levels, i.e., K-12 and tertiary, participation in public education could be a good predictor of income growth in Hawaii. However, decomposing the feedback effect by frequency suggests that the dominance of public education over private education in explaining the variation in income growth to be concentrated mainly on the short-run to medium-run for tertiary level and long-run to permanent effect for K-12 level. Hawaii state legislature and educators should perhaps take these results as a motivation not to ignore the problems plaguing Hawaii's public schools but should work towards greater improvement and support for public education given its predicted significant overall contribution to the Hawaiian economy.
4
Wójtowicz, Bożena Elżbieta. "Zmiany w ruchu turystycznym Hawajów w latach 2005–2015." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 32, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.322.23.
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Ruch turystyczny odgrywa istotną rolę w rozwoju turystyki na świecie. Jednym z najlepiej zagospodarowanych i najczęściej odwiedzanych przez turystów regionów są Hawaje. Zmiany w jego układzie przestrzennym warunkowane są z jednej strony popytem wewnętrznym i zewnętrznym, z drugiej zaś możliwościami rozwoju poszczególnych wysp. Celem pracy była analiza zmian w ruchu turystycznym w układzie przestrzennym i czasowym w odniesieniu do pięciu wysp hawajskich: O’ahu, Maui, Kaua’i, Moloka’i i Hawai’i Island. Analizy statystyczne wykonano z wykorzystaniem danych pochodzących z Report Hawai Tourism Authority 2005 do 2015, banku danych of Hawaii Offers a Safe Port. Wyniki badań wskazują na zmiany w ruchu turystycznym w latach 2005–2015. W roku 2007 odwiedziło Hawaje ponad 7,6 mln osób, w 2009 roku kryzys gospodarczy w USA i Japonii spowolnił przepływ turystów o ponad 1,1 mln, a ponowny jego wzrost odnotowano rok później i w kolejnych latach. Największy ruch turystyczny obserwuje się na wyspie O’ahu. Turyści krajowi stanowili ponad 67% odwiedzających Hawaje. Rozwój funkcji turystycznych wysp jest zróżnicowany i zależy nie tylko od wielkości ruchu turystycznego i motywów przyjazdu, ale również od zagospodarowania turystycznego. Cechą charakterystyczną współczesnej turystyki na Hawajach jest jej masowość, ekspansja przestrzenna oraz wzrost standardu usług.
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Linnes, Cathrine, Jerome Agrusa, Giulio Ronzoni, and Joseph Lema. "What Tourists Want, a Sustainable Paradise." Tourism and Hospitality 3, no. 1 (February 9, 2022): 164–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3010013.
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The increasing complexity of tourism and sustainability offers opportunities and challenges among diverse stakeholder perspectives. The need for sustainable and nature-based approaches exists throughout the growing body of literature from among a number of dimensions and measures. One of the overarching goals of the paper is to examine whether tourists will choose a destination or hotel that is actively working to improve the environment while examining how Hawaii’s tourism is nature-based as well as other measures of sustainability while enjoying a slice of paradise in the Hawaiian Islands. This study explores tourism sustainability concerns in Hawaii, such as the influence of the tourist sector on the environment and will address if Hawaii should be recognized as a sustainable tourism destination. A survey instrument was developed where 454 respondents participated. According to the findings of this research, tourists visiting Hawaii support environmentally sustainable tourism practices leading towards a more sustainable tourist destination.
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Oxman, Bernard H., David J. Bederman, and Kurt R. Hilbert. "Arbitration—UNCITRAL Rules—justiciability and indispensable Third parties—legal status of Hawaii." American Journal of International Law 95, no. 4 (October 2001): 927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674653.
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Lance Paul Larsen v. The Hawaiian Kingdom. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Permanent Court of Arbitration Tribunal, February 5, 2001.In Larsen v. The Hawaiian Kingdom Lance Paul Larsen, a resident of the state of Hawaii, sought redress from the Hawaiian Kingdom for its failure to protect him from the United States and the State of Hawaii. The parties, who agreed to submit their dispute to arbitration by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), shared similar goals and wished the Arbitral Tribunal (Tribunal) to address the question of the international legal status of Hawaii.
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Andrade, Gabriella, Holly Itoga, Cathrine Linnes, Jerome Agrusa, and Joseph Lema. "The Economic Sustainability of Culture in Hawai’i: Tourists’ Willingness to Pay for Hawaiian Cultural Experiences." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14090420.
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Given the current travel restrictions with the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an unprecedented opportunity for Hawai’i to reexamine its current tourism offerings and establish a new approach to support a more authentic, cultural, and sustainable tourism for the U.S. domestic tourist market. As tourists from the continental U.S. are the largest source market for visitors to Hawai’i, the purpose of this study is to examine the trend towards an “authentic cultural” tourism experience and evaluate whether U.S. visitors will be willing to pay for a deeper integration and representation of Hawaiian culture in tourism offerings. The contingent valuation method (CVM) was adopted to quantify the willingness to pay (WTP) more by the tourists to Hawaii in order to experience a more “authentic Hawaiian cultural experience” as well as “sustainable experiences”. Differences between returning and first-time visitors were considered. This study focused on continental U.S. visitors’ perceptions of Hawaiian culture and the sustainability of Hawaiian tourism products, as well as the assessment of locally grown food and tourists’ willingness to pay extra for these tourism products and experiences. The contingent valuation survey demonstrated that continental U.S. travelers were supportive of an additional fee in order to experience authentic Hawaiian cultural and tourism experiences designed and/or facilitated by Native Hawaiians. In addition, U.S. visitors were also supportive of paying additional fees for activities or experiences to support sustainable tourism in Hawai’i, including paying more for locally grown food, indicating that they would be willing to increase their restaurant/hotel food bill in order to support the Hawaii’s local farming industry. The results of this study demonstrate that there are economic opportunities to further integrate Hawaiian culture and sustainability into the experience of visitors, and that U.S. visitors are willing to support these cultural activities financially.
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O'Grady, Patrick, and Rob DeSalle. "Out of Hawaii: the origin and biogeography of the genus Scaptomyza (Diptera: Drosophilidae)." Biology Letters 4, no. 2 (February 22, 2008): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0575.
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The Hawaiian Archipelago is the most isolated island system on the planet and has been the subject of evolutionary research for over a century. The largest radiation of species in Hawaii is the Hawaiian Drosophilidae, a group of approximately 1000 species. Dispersal to isolated island systems like Hawaii is rare and the resultant flora and fauna shows high disharmony with mainland communities. The possibility that some lineages may have originated in Hawaii and subsequently ‘escaped’ to diversify on continental landmasses is expected to be rarer still. We present phylogenetic analysis of 134 partially sequenced mitochondrial genomes of Drosophilidae (approx. 1.3 Mb of sequence total) to address major aspects of adaptive radiation and dispersal in Hawaii. We show that the genus Scaptomyza , a group that accounts for approximately one-third of the species-level diversity of Drosophilidae in the Hawaiian Islands, originated in Hawaii, diversified there, and subsequently colonized a number of island and continental landmasses elsewhere on the globe. We propose that a combination of small body size, rapid generation time and unique ecological and physiological adaptations have allowed this genus to effectively disperse and diversify.
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Rodríguez Flores, Paula C., and Kareen E. Schnabel. "New records and species of deep-sea squat lobsters (Galatheoidea, Munidopsidae) from the Hawaiian Archipelago: an integrative approach using micro-CT and barcodes." PeerJ 11 (March 8, 2023): e14956. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14956.
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The Hawaiian Archipelago remains extensively under-sampled for many marine invertebrate taxa, including squat lobsters. During the last few years, several deep-sea expeditions carried out in the Pacific Ocean have conducted opportunistic collections of specimens and image data from the vicinity of Hawai’i. Here we describe a new species: Munidopsis hawaii sp. nov. and provide new records for Munidopsidae in the Archipelago and its associations. We illustrate and describe the new species using an integrative approach including micro-CT 3D imaging. Phylogenetic analyses of the species collected from seamounts from Hawai’i indicate that the new species represents a divergent lineage compared to morphologically similar species such as M. dispar and M. papanui. We also study the genetic distances for the species recorded in Hawai’i and other populations of the same species in the adjacent West Pacific. Three species are now known in the Hawaiian region. We also compiled identifications from images captured with ROVs in the area. These observations suggest that munidopsid species are common in the deep sea of Hawaiian waters below 1,000 m.
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van Fossen, Anthony, and George Lafferty. "Tourism Development in Queensland and Hawaii: a Comparative Study." Queensland Review 4, no. 1 (April 1997): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001264.
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This paper provides a comparative perspective on the development of tourism in Queensland through analysing the history of tourism in Hawaii. Both Queensland and Hawaii are heavily dependent on tourism, with the future of tourism being a constant focus of public debate in each case. Since Hawaii embarked on tourism development decades before Queensland, the history of Hawaiian tourism may present some important lessons for tourism in Queensland. Also, Hawaii is Queensland's most important competitor for the Japanese and emerging Asian markets (such as South Korea, Taiwan and mainland China) in sun-and-surf tourism.
11
Wakuk, Srue, Jeffrey L. Berenberg, Erin Capps, Paul Morris, Shirley Cheng, Kate Bryant-Greenwood, and Kevin Cassel. "A multilevel intervention increased accrual of Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders to a national breast cancer screening trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 6547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.6547.
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6547 Background: The University of Hawaii Cancer Center (UHCC) Minority/Underserved NCI Community Oncology Research Program (Hawaii MU NCORP) provides access to NCI-sponsored clinical trials in Hawaii. The Hawaii MU NCORP is dedicated to increasing minority and underserved accruals to clinical trials. Native Hawaiian women have the highest breast cancer incidence and mortality; only 26% of Micronesian women in Hawaii over the age of 40 have ever had a mammogram. In 2018, the Hawaii MU NCORP became a recruitment site for the ECOG-ACRIN Tomosynthesis Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (TMIST). A pilot study was launched in 2019, to support our NCORP recruitment of underrepresented Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHPI) women to the TMIST study. Subsequently, specific funding was provided by the NCI’s Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities that enabled the UHCC’s Office of Community Outreach and Engagement (COE) to develop an effective multilevel recruitment strategy together with the Hawaii MIU NCORP. Methods: To foster community awareness of the TMIST study among NHPI women, the UHCC COE hired a Community Health Educator (CHE). The CHE, a Pacific Islander woman, utilized small group educational sessions to provide culturally and linguistically appropriate cancer prevention information and promote the TMIST study to NHPI women in Hawaii. The CHE worked in partnership with Hawaii MU NCORP clinical research associates (CRAs) in these efforts. In 2020, statewide COVID-19 health and safety protocols were enacted, limiting public group interactions in Hawaii. Despite this challenge, the CHE successfully adapted the in-person educational sessions on clinical trials and TMIST to conduct sessions using Zoom and Facebook Messenger. Results: Before the hire of the CHE in 2019, only one Pacific Islander (Micronesian) woman was recruited to the TMIST in Hawaii. The CHE conducted 21 community health events with 426 attendees from 2019 to 2021. The Hawaii MU NCORP NHPI TMIST enrollment went from the 9.9% in 2018 to 2019, to 20.1% in 2019 to 2020 and to 33% in 2020 to 2021. To date, 18 Micronesian, 52 Native Hawaiian and 6 Other Pacific Islander women out of 353 participants ware enrolled. Conclusions: The multilevel intervention of our CHE, in collaboration with NCORP staff providing clinical trial awareness training and community outreach, resulted in increasing the enrollment of NHPI women to the TMIST Trial. CHE-led community health education sessions on cancer prevention can be delivered using emergent technologies and social media. The use of culturally and gender concordant CHEs working with CRAs have the potential to increase awareness and accruals to cancer clinical trials.
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Stearns, Precious McKenzie. "CIVILIZING HAWAII: ISABELLA BIRD BISHOP IN THE SANDWICH ISLANDS." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2015): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106015031400059x.
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Nineteenth-century male European travel writers sometimes romanticize their destinations and dream they have arrived in untouched lands. The Hawaii Isabella Bird visited, however, was not an idyllic land, forgotten by time. Early in the nineteenth century, steamships crossed the Pacific, carrying goods and people from the United States, Australia, New Zealand, China, and Japan. The trade in sandalwood and fur brought many foreign steamships into Hawaii (Kuykendall 15). It was not uncommon for American missionaries to arrive in Hawaii via whaling ships that stopped in Hawaii (Kuykendall 16, 41). Hawaii, with its position between mainland America and Asia, was a valuable and strategic piece of property. Isabella Bird Bishop's 1875 travel memoir The Hawaiian Archipelago: Six months Among the Palm Groves, Coral Reefs, and Volcanoes of the Sandwich Islands comments on the political situation the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) faced in the nineteenth century.
13
Henningham, John P. "Multicultural Journalism: A Profile of Hawaii's Newspeople." Journalism Quarterly 70, no. 3 (September 1993): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909307000307.
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Results from a survey of journalists in Hawaii are compared with results from a national U.S. sample of journalists by Weaver and Wilhoit. Although Hawaii's journalists are more ethnically diverse than U.S. journalists, there are proportionately more Caucasian journalists than Caucasians in the Hawaii population. Compared with the national sample, Hawaii's journalists put more emphasis on investigating government claims, providing analysis of complex problems, and serving as an adversary of government.
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Hensley, David L. "The Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii—An Experiment in Cooperation." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 594b—594. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.594b.
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The Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii was formed in 1987 to bring the landscape professional and trade associations together. The organization's goals are communication between segments of the industry, education, promotion, and legislative action. Current members of the council include: Aloha Arborists Association; ASLA Hawaii Chapter; Hawaiian Association of Nurserymen; PGMS HI Chapter; Hawaii Landscape and Irrigation Contractors Association; HI Professional Gardeners Association; HI Turfgrass Association; and the HI Island Landscape Association. The Council publishes Hawaii Landscape magazine, presents statewide educational programs and trade shows, and works for the common good of the entire green industry. It has been successful in gleaning grant support for several efforts. The Council is on the verge of broadening membership to individuals as well as associations and making significant strides to meet its goals and needs of the Hawaiian landscape industry. The evolution and successes have not been without problems, setbacks, ruffled feathers, and a lot of hard work from a dedicated group of volunteers.
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La Croix, Sumner J., and Christopher Grandy. "The Political Instability of Reciprocal Trade and the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom." Journal of Economic History 57, no. 1 (March 1997): 161–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700017964.
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The overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893 offers an illuminating case study of the political economy of preferential trading relationships between large and small countries. The limited-term reciprocity treaty of 1876 between Hawaii and the United States generated problematic strategic dynamics, as the normal operation of the treaty gradually worsened Hawaii’s bargaining position. This allowed the United States to extract better terms when the treaty expired in 1883 and to act opportunistically in 1890 with the passage of the McKinley Tariff. The political economy of the treaty contributed significantly to the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy.
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Wang, Yanan, Beilei Wu, Wayne B. Borth, Islam Hamim, James C. Green, Michael J. Melzer, and John S. Hu. "Molecular Characterization and Distribution of Two Strains of Dasheen mosaic virus on Taro in Hawaii." Plant Disease 101, no. 12 (December 2017): 1980–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0516-re.
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Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV) is one of the major viruses affecting taro (Colocasia esculenta) production worldwide. Whole genome sequences were determined for two DsMV strains, Hawaii Strain I (KY242358) and Hawaii Strain II (KY242359), from taro in Hawaii. They represent the first full-length coding sequences of DsMV reported from the United States. Hawaii Strains I and II were 77 and 85% identical, respectively, with other completely sequenced DsMV isolates. Hawaii Strain I was most closely related to vanilla mosaic virus (VanMV) (KX505964.1), a strain of DsMV infecting vanilla in the southern Pacific Islands. Hawaii Strain II was most closely related to a taro DsMV isolate CTCRI-II-14 (KT026108.1) from India. Phylogenetic analysis of all available DsMV isolates based on amino acid sequences of their coat protein showed some correlation between host plant and genetic diversity. Analyses of DsMV genome sequences detected three recombinants from China and India among the six isolates with known complete genome sequences. The DsMV strain NC003537.1 from China is a recombinant of KJ786965.1 from India and Hawaii Strain II. Another DsMV strain KT026108.1 is a recombinant of Hawaii Strain II and NC003537.1 from China. The third DsMV strain KJ786965.1 from India is a recombinant of Hawaii Strain II and NC003537.1 from China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recombination events in DsMV. Both Hawaii Strains I and II of DsMV were found widespread throughout the Hawaiian islands.
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DiBattista, Joseph D., Christie Wilcox, Matthew T. Craig, Luiz A. Rocha, and Brian W. Bowen. "Phylogeography of the Pacific Blueline Surgeonfish,Acanthurus nigroris, Reveals High Genetic Connectivity and a Cryptic Endemic Species in the Hawaiian Archipelago." Journal of Marine Biology 2011 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/839134.
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Understanding genetic connectivity is fundamental to the design of marine protected areas in the service of ecosystem-scale management. Here we evaluate such trends for a Pacific surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigroris;N=544) at two spatial scales: (1) within the Hawaiian archipelago, and (2) across the entire species range from the central to southwest Pacific. The mtDNA cytochromebdata reveal genetic divergence (d=0.041) between Hawaii and the rest of the Pacific range indicating a cryptic species pair, with one taxon endemic to Hawaii. Johnston Atoll, 1400 km SW of Hawaii, also has the Hawaiian species but is distinct from most Hawaiian locations in population genetic comparisons, indicating the limits of gene flow for this widespread reef species. No consistent population genetic differences were observed among Hawaiian sites or among the other Pacific island sites. We also detected a modest bias in gene flow from the southeast towards the northwest islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago, indicating that the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument may be a recipient, rather than a source of propagules to replenish reef resources.
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Gardner, Donald E. "The native rust fungi of Hawaii." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 976–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-123.
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F.L. Stevens (1925. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. No. 19) published the first comprehensive list of fungi in Hawaii, recognizing 7 species of endemic rusts and 10 species probably indigenous. Stevens considered this small number of rusts particularly noteworthy in comparison with the rust floras of other areas with which he was familiar. He ascribed the scarcity to the geographic isolation of the Hawaiian Islands from significant land masses. Currently, of the more than 74 rusts in Hawaii, 22 are considered native, of which 13 are endemic and 9 indigenous. The rust flora, like other groups of native organisms of Hawaii, provides interesting examples of biological colonization and adaptation to remote insular environments. Key words: endemic, Hawaii, indigenous, rusts.
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Roberts, Julian M. "Pidgin Hawaiian." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.10.1.02rob.
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Evidence recently unearthed in documentary sources (such as voyage accounts and Hawaiian-language newspapers) has failed to support the theory that the predominant plantation language and lingua franca of Hawaii's polyglot population in the 19th century was an English-lexifier pidgin. Available evidence actually indicates that a pidginized variety of Hawaiian (which began to develop almost immediately after first contact) formed the original plantation language, and began to be displaced by pidgin English only in the 1880s and 1890s. This Hawaiian-lexifier pidgin also served as a general communicative medium in competition with pidgin English outside the plantation communities. Its prevalence may explain the slow development of pidgin English in Hawaii and late creolization.
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Wijaya, Agung, Evan Kartika, and Lia Kartika. "JINGLE AND CHALLENGE EVENTS FOR HAWAI WATERPARK MALANG." International Journal of Applied Business and International Management 2, no. 3 (February 2, 2018): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v2i3.20.
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Hawai Waterpark Malang is waterpark which is located in Malang City, Hawai Waterpark Malanghas advantages offered as a first waterpark in Malang City that has Tsunami Rides. Hawai Waterpark Malang hope that visitingcan add closeness to family relationships. Therefore,HawaiWaterpark Malang has a lot of events and rides that can be played together and enjoyed comfortably. for in this poor city itself the existence of waterpark just a little so Hawai waterpark is a waterpark with good service and has a variety of interesting rides as well.
HawaiWaterpark Malang already use social media including Google, Youtube, Facebook and official website for marketing promotions. how to promote hawai place by uploading new video on youtube videos and hold important events that fit with date like hallowen party. The problem isHawai Waterpark Malang still lack of human resourceswho can speak English fluently, so the promotion is done so far still using the Indonesian language. For the reason that foreigners did not catch the message conveyed through Hawai Waterpark promotionand not many foreigners who visited Hawai Waterpark Malang.
The idea that team 20 gave to Hawai Waterpark Malang was to hold a jingle race and challenge event. The purpose of this idea is to improve the branding of Hawaii Waterpark Malang, attract foreigners to participate in the event and come to Hawaii Waterpark water park Malang. In executing the idea of the jingle race and challenge event, team 20 will work with travel agents in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Australia. This cooperation aims to make Hawaii Waterpark Malang as one of the tourist destinations in the tour packages of these agents.
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Luers, Meagan A., Edward E. DeMartini, and Robert L. Humphreys. "Seasonality, sex ratio, spawning frequency and sexual maturity of the opakapaka Pristipomoides filamentosus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from the Main Hawaiian Islands: fundamental input to size-at-retention regulations." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 2 (2018): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17195.
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The crimson jobfish Pristipomoides filamentosus (locally known as ‘opakapaka’ in Hawaii) is a deep-water eteline lutjanid that supports important commercial and recreational fisheries in Hawaii and throughout much of the Indo-Pacific region. It is one of the most commonly caught species of the ‘Deep-7’ bottomfish species complex in the commercial bottomfish fishery of Hawaii. However, there are currently no validated estimates of median body sizes at sexual maturity that can be used in a comprehensive evaluation of the species’ stock status within Hawaiian bottomfish fisheries. Herein we provide size-at-maturity estimates for the species in the main Hawaiian Islands: median length at maturity of 40.7-cm fork length (FL; 95% confidence interval (CI) 40.3–41.2cm) for females and 34.3cm FL (95% CI 33.3–35.3cm) for males, with respective equivalent median weight-at-maturity estimates of ~1.17 and ~0.70kg (2.58 and 1.55 lb). We suggest these newly available data be seriously considered in any future evaluations of minimum size regulations, currently set at ~0.45kg (1 lb) regardless of sex, for the species’ fisheries in Hawaii.
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Prizzia, PhD, Ross. "The strategic role of Hawaii in disaster coordination in the Asia-Pacific." Journal of Emergency Management 10, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2012.0100.
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The purpose of this article is to describe and explain the strategic role of Hawaii in disaster coordination in the Asia-Pacific region. Hawaii is of critical importance in the prevention of, preparation for, and response to disasters in the Asia-Pacific region as is demonstrated through the effective coordination of Hawaii-based institutions such as the Pearl Harbor Naval Base, US Pacific Command (PACOM), US Army Pacific (USARPAC), Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS), East- West Center (EWC), Pacific Disaster Center (PDC), Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC), and other related disaster management support organizations based throughout the Hawaiian islands. The State of Hawaii seems prepared to respond to natural and human-caused disasters. As the only island state located in the Pacific Ocean, Hawaii continues to require advanced technology for warning systems and effective coordination of emergency management capability to respond to a wide range of natural disasters and the threat of terrorism and an extensive network of coordination, cooperation, and collaboration among relevant disaster and emergency Hawaii-based government agencies at the local, national, and international levels. While some of this network may be unique to Hawaii and the Asia-Pacific region, most is not and can provide useful “best practices” for other practitioners and jurisdictions.
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Mahi, Daniel Kauwila. "Waikīkī: A paradisiac‐parasitic pacific paradise." Journal of Environmental Media 2, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 2.1–2.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jem_00050_1.
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Waikīkī is a world-renowned leisure destination; at least, that is the image flung vehemently around the world about Hawaii. This framing of Hawaii as paradisiac is parasitic, it eats away and denigrates the enduring relationship that Hawaii the land and the people have. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen a shift in the way our home feels. Tourism, a self-proclaimed necessity of Hawaii’s economy, was not only put on hold, it was essentially eliminated. Through this project I would like to present pre/post-colonialist modalities of Hawaii, to contest and disarm this space densely affected by militourism. Hawaii has been framed as a leisure destination first by colonialists and much later by hip hop music. My approach to contesting these projections is to refuse this notion and feature lines from songs, chants and prayers related to Waikīkī which are pre/postcolonial and have been influenced by colonialism through hip hop.
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Ramírez-Camejo, Luis A., Lisa M. Keith, Tracie Matsumoto, Lionel Sugiyama, Mach Fukada, Mia Brann, Ariana Moffitt, Jingyu Liu, and M. Catherine Aime. "Coffee Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) from the Recent Invasion into Hawaii Shares a Genotypic Relationship with Latin American Populations." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8020189.
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Hawaii has long been one of the last coffee-producing regions of the world free of coffee leaf rust (CLR) disease, which is caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix. However, CLR was detected in coffee farms and feral coffee on the island of Maui in February 2020 and subsequently on other islands of the Hawaiian archipelago. The source of the outbreak in Hawaii is not known, and CLR could have entered Hawaii from more than 50 coffee-producing nations that harbor the pathogen. To determine the source(s) of the Hawaii inoculum, we analyzed a set of eleven simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs) generated from Hawaii isolates within a dataset of 434 CLR isolates collected from 17 countries spanning both old and new world populations, and then conducted a minimum spanning network (MSN) analysis to trace the most likely pathway that H. vastatrix could have taken to Hawaii. Forty-two multilocus genotypes (MLGs) of H. vastatrix were found in the global dataset, with all isolates from Hawaii assignable to MLG 10 or derived from it. MLG 10 is widespread in Central America and Jamaica, making this region the most probable source of inoculum for the outbreak in Hawaii. An examination of global weather patterns during the months preceding the introduction of CLR makes it unlikely that the pathogen was windborne to the islands. Likely scenarios for the introduction of CLR to Hawaii are the accidental introduction of spores or infected plant material by travelers or seasonal workers, or improperly fumigated coffee shipments originating from Central America or the Caribbean islands.
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Hannah, Lee. "Rain-forests and Geothermal Energy in Hawaii: Environmental Concerns Expose Flawed State Planning-process." Environmental Conservation 17, no. 3 (1990): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900032380.
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Protests and legal challenges have marked the past seven years of geothermal energy development in Hawaii. Environmentalists seeking to block geothermal development in Hawaiian rain-forests have used legal and civil disobedience tactics to delay development. These are the types of actions which the Hawaii State Legislature sought to avoid when it passed the State's Geothermal Subzone Act in 1983.
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Doran, A. K., and G. Laske. "Melt-affected ocean crust and uppermost mantle near Hawaii—clues from ambient-noise phase velocity and seafloor compliance." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 843–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa470.
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SUMMARY We present models of crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath the Hawaiian Swell and surrounding region. The models were derived from ambient-noise intermediate-period Rayleigh-wave phase velocities and from seafloor compliance that were estimated from continuous seismic and pressure recordings collected during the Hawaiian Plume-Lithosphere Undersea Mantle Experiment (PLUME). We jointly inverted these data at the locations of over 50 ocean-bottom instruments, after accounting for variations in local bathymetry and sediment properties. Our results suggest that the crystalline crust is up to 15 km thick beneath the swell and up to 23 km thick closer to the islands. Anomalously thick crust extends towards the older seamounts, downstream of Hawaii. In a second region, anomalies immediately to the south of Hawaii may be associated with the leading edge of the shallow Hawaiian magma conduit. In a third region, thickened crust to the immediate west of Hawaii may be related to Cretaceous seamounts. Low seismic velocities identified in the uppermost mantle to the northeast of Hawaii may be linked to the Molokai fracture zone and may be manifest of complex non-vertical pathways of melt through the upper lithosphere. Velocity anomalies decrease in amplitude towards the surface, suggesting that melt becomes focused into conduits at depths between 20 and 40 km that escape the resolution capabilities of our data set.
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Lu, Bo-Yi, Pao-Shin Chu, Sung-Hun Kim, and Christina Karamperidou. "Hawaiian Regional Climate Variability during Two Types of El Niño." Journal of Climate 33, no. 22 (November 15, 2020): 9929–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0985.1.
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AbstractThe large-scale atmospheric circulation of the North Pacific associated with two types of El Niño—the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP)—is studied in relation to Hawaiian winter (December–February) rainfall and temperature. The eastern and central equatorial Pacific undergo active convective heating during EP El Niño winters. The local Hadley circulation is enhanced and an upper-level westerly jet stream of the North Pacific is elongated eastward. Due to the impact of both phenomena, stronger anomalous descending motion, moisture flux divergence anomalies near Hawaii, and reduction of easterly trade winds, which are characteristic of EP winters, are unfavorable for winter rainfall in Hawaii. As a result of this robust signal, dry conditions prevail in Hawaii and the standard deviation of rainfall during EP winters is smaller than the climatology. For CP winters, the maximum equatorial ocean warming is weaker and shifted westward to near the date line. The subtropical jet stream retreats westward relative to EP winters and the anomalously sinking motion near Hawaii is variable and generally weaker. Although the anomalous moisture flux divergence still exists over the subtropical North Pacific, its magnitude is weaker relative to EP winters. Without strong external forcing, rainfall in the Hawaiian Islands during CP winters is close to the long-term mean. The spread of rainfall from one CP event to another is also larger. The near-surface minimum temperature from three stations in Hawaii reveals cooling during EP winters and slight warming during CP winters.
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Tennant, Paula, Manoel T. Souza, Dennis Gonsalves, Maureen M. Fitch, Richard M. Manshardt, and Jerry L. Slightom. "Line 63-1: A New Virus-resistant Transgenic Papaya." HortScience 40, no. 5 (August 2005): 1196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1196.
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The disease resistance of a transgenic line expressing the coat protein (CP) gene of the mild strain of the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) from Hawaii was further analyzed against PRSV isolates from Hawaii and other geographical regions. Line 63-1 originated from the same transformation experiment that resulted in line 55-1 from which the transgenic commercial cultivars, `Rainbow' and `SunUp', were derived. Plants of line 63-1 used in this study consisted of a population from a self pollinated R0 bisexual plant. ELISA and PCR tests provided evidence that there are at least two segregating CP loci. To allow for comparison with reactions of the previously reported line 55-1, virus isolates from Hawaii, Brazil, Thailand, and Jamaica were used to challenge seedlings of 63-1. Unlike line 55-1, a significant percentage of inoculated transgenic plants were susceptible to isolates from Hawaii. However, a proportion of plants were resistant to the non-Hawaiian isolates. In contrast, previous work showed that all plants of the hemizygous line 55-1 were susceptible to PRSV isolates from Brazil, Thailand, and Jamaica. Line 63-1, therefore, presents Hawaii with PRSV-resistant transgenic germplasm that could be used as a source of transgenes for resistance to PRSV isolates within and outside of Hawaii.
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Christensen, Carl C., Kenneth A. Hayes, and Norine W. Yeung. "Taxonomy, Conservation, and the Future of Native Aquatic Snails in the Hawaiian Islands." Diversity 13, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13050215.
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Freshwater systems are among the most threatened habitats in the world and the biodiversity inhabiting them is disappearing quickly. The Hawaiian Archipelago has a small but highly endemic and threatened group of freshwater snails, with eight species in three families (Neritidae, Lymnaeidae, and Cochliopidae). Anthropogenically mediated habitat modifications (i.e., changes in land and water use) and invasive species (e.g., Euglandina spp., non-native sciomyzids) are among the biggest threats to freshwater snails in Hawaii. Currently, only three species are protected either federally (U.S. Endangered Species Act; Erinna newcombi) or by Hawaii State legislation (Neritona granosa, and Neripteron vespertinum). Here, we review the taxonomic and conservation status of Hawaii’s freshwater snails and describe historical and contemporary impacts to their habitats. We conclude by recommending some basic actions that are needed immediately to conserve these species. Without a full understanding of these species’ identities, distributions, habitat requirements, and threats, many will not survive the next decade, and we will have irretrievably lost more of the unique books from the evolutionary library of life on Earth.
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Latham, Michael, F. David Hoffman, and Curtis Martin. "The NRDA Process can be Timely and Productive for All." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 1147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-1147.
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ABSTRACT On August 24, 1998, there was an accidental hose failure at Tesoro Hawaii Corporation's (“Tesoro Hawaii” or “Tesoro”) single-point mooring (SPM) about a half mile off Barbers Point, near Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. The incident released approximately 117 barrels of bunker fuel. Immediate containment and clean up efforts were commenced, but on September 5, 1998, tarballs began to come ashore on Kauai. Shoreline impacts were observed between Kilauea Point to Makahuena Point on the eastern shore and between Makaha Point and Mana Point on the western shore of Kauai. To avoid the costs and delays associated with litigating resource damages that may have resulted from the release and any associated civil penalties, the Trustees and Tesoro Hawaii entered into a cooperative Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) protocol. The Trustees and Tesoro Hawaii conducted a phased approach focusing on injury determination and quantification using technical working groups (TWGs) composed of Trustee and Tesoro Hawaii representatives. Resource injuries considered were for seabirds, marine environment (opihi), marine mammals (Hawaiian monk seal), and human use. To expedite the process, it was agreed that time and money would best be spent identifying and scaling restoration projects. Coordination of effort was key to cost-effectiveness of the assessment and avoiding duplication of studies. The Final Restoration Plan and Environmental Assessment were accomplished within two years, including public participation. Restoration actions were undertaken promptly following execution of the Consent Decree. One of the initiatives developed by this collaborative effort was a derelict net removal project (the “Project”). The Project met the goals of the Trustees by compensating for interim losses to shoreline, intertidal and subtidal habitats and the biota in those habitats and by addressing potential injury to the endangered Hawaiian monk seal.
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Wainer, Howard, Thomas Saka, and John R. Donoghue. "Notes: The Validity of the SAT at the University of Hawaii: A Riddle Wrapped in an Enigma." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 15, no. 1 (March 1993): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737015001091.
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Hawaii is unique in a variety of ways. One of these is the unusual ethnic mixture that makes up its population; under traditional definitions 76% of its population is “minority” and 24% is “White.” The performance of those of its high school students who go on to the University of Hawaii-Manoa on the SAT-Verbal is higher than the national mean, and on the SAT-Mathematical it is much higher. However, the correlation of SAT scores with first year grades has decreased to almost zero since 1982 among Hawaiian students (although among mainland students at UH it is the same as the national average). In this article we provide the facts for a mystery regarding the low and decreasing validity of the SAT at the University of Hawaii among students from Hawaiian secondary schools. Moreover, while we are unable to provide a complete solution, we do eliminate one onerous suspect and provide an evocative hint.
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Goss, J. D. "Placing the Market and Marketing Place: Tourist Advertising of the Hawaiian Islands, 1972–92." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 11, no. 6 (December 1993): 663–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d110663.
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The advertising of tourist destinations plays an important role in the construction of place imagery and in the constitution of social subjects. In other words, destination marketing creates an image of place to be experienced by specific social subjects in particular ways. This is demonstrated through analysis of a series of advertising texts produced by the Hawaii Visitors Bureau and sponsored by the State of Hawai'i in the period 1972–92. The analysis suggests that the ‘target audience’ has changed during this period along with the projected experience of a Hawaiian vacation, but that the theme of alterity, together with its tropes of paradise, marginality, liminality, femininity, and aloha remain persistent elements of the spatializing discourse. These tropes, and their contradictory components, are analyzed, and it is concluded that, in the advertising discourse, Hawai'i as a place and people is mystified into a signifier of alterity.
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Berg, Kathleen F. "Easing Transitions of Military Dependents into Hawaii Public Schools." Journal of Invitational Theory and Practice 14 (February 15, 2022): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/jitp.v14i.3804.
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Over 15,000 military dependent students attend Hawaii public schools, about 8% of the total studentpopulation. The transition to Hawaii schools has been identified by many military familiesas a challenge and one more difficult than other transitions their families have made. A generallyacknowledged negative perception of Hawaii public schools among the military communityworldwide does nothing to ease this transition, especially when schooling ranks near the top ofmilitary families’ quality-of-life issues. Other factors that have made the transition difficult includecultural differences and some local school policies. This study draws on the following: federallyfunded research and programs to ease school transitions for military dependent students,five years of customer satisfaction surveys done with military families in Hawaii, and descriptionsof the numerous programs and activities underway in the state. These programs and activitiesare sponsored jointly by the military and the Department of Education to welcome militarydependent students into the public schools and provide them with a quality education. From abroad overview of the situation for military dependent students worldwide, this study hones in onefforts in Hawaii and the connections to the research literature including Invitational Education(IE). The study includes a description of the prevalence of IE at the University of Hawaii and itscongruence with Hawaiian values as well as with the research on school connectedness that underliesmuch of the national-level effort at easing military student transitions.
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Tucker-Mohl, Katherine, Patrick Hart, and Carter T. Atkinson. "Can lowland dry forests represent a refuge from avian malaria for native Hawaiian birds?" Pacific Conservation Biology 16, no. 3 (2010): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc100181.
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Hawaii?s native birds have become increasingly threatened over the past century. Introduced mosquito borne diseases such as avian malaria may be responsible for the near absence of endemic Hawaiian forest birds in low-elevation habitats. The recent recognition that some native Hawaiian forest birds may be repopulating moist lowland habitats as a result of evolved resistance to this disease has increased the conservation value of these areas. Here, we investigate whether remnant low elevation dry forests on Hawaii Island provide natural ?refuges? from mosquito-transmitted malaria by nature of their low rainfall and absence of suitable natural sources of water for mosquito breeding. Unlike lowland wet forests where high rates of disease transmission may be selecting for disease resistance, lowland dry forests may provide some refuge for native forest birds without natural resistance to malaria. We mistnetted forest birds in two lowland dry forests and tested all native birds by microscopy and serology for avian malaria caused by the Plasmodium relictum parasite. We also conducted surveys for standing water and mosquito larvae. Overall prevalence of infections with Plasmodium relictum in the Hawaii Amakihi Hemignathus virens virens was 15%. Most infected birds had lowlevel parasitemias, suggesting chronic infections. Although avian malaria is present in these lowland dry forest Amakihi populations, infection rates are significantly lower than in wet forest populations at similar elevations. Sources of breeding mosquitoes in these forests appeared to be largely anthropogenic; thus, there is potential to manage dry forests as mosquito-free habitat for Hawaii Amakihi and other Hawaiian forest birds.
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Giakoumaki, Maria-Vasiliki, Panagiotis Milonas, Spyridon Antonatos, Vasiliki Evangelοu, George Partsinevelos, Dimitrios Papachristos, and Mohsen M. Ramadan. "A Survey in Hawaii for Parasitoids of Citrus Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), for Introduction into Greece." Insects 14, no. 11 (November 4, 2023): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14110858.
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Whitefly species of Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) and A. woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are serious pests of citrus and other important fruit crops. The problem of citrus has initiated the successful introduction of several natural enemies for biocontrol programs in Hawaii and many other countries. Here, we summarized the history of infestation and biocontrol efforts of the two whiteflies in Hawaii for possible parasitoid importation into Greece. Two Platygasteridae (Amitus hesperidum Silvestri, A. spiniferus (Brethes), and three Aphelinidae (Encarsia clypealis (Silvestri), E. smithi (Silvestri), E. perplexa Huang, and Polaszek) were released in Hawaii for biocontrol of the citrus whiteflies during the period 1974–1999. The aphelinid Cales noacki Howard, purposely released for Aleurothrixus flococcus (Maskell) in 1982, was also reported to attack other whiteflies, including Aleurocanthus species, on citrus. An additional aphelinid parasitoid, Encarsia nipponica Silvestri, native to Japan and China, was accidentally introduced and found to attack both citrus whiteflies on the islands. Since the colonization of introduced parasitoids in infested fields on four Hawaiian Islands, no survey has been conducted to evaluate their potential impact. We conducted two short surveys during September–November 2022 on the islands of Kauai, Hawaii, and Oahu to introduce the dominant parasitoids to Greece for the biocontrol of A. spiniferus. Results showed that the infestation level was very low on Kauai, Hawaii, and Oahu Islands, with a mean infestation level range of 1.4–3.1 on Hawaii and Oahu Islands, mostly on pummelo and sweet orange, with no detection on the island of Kauai. The dominant parasitoid was characterized as Encarsia perplexa, using molecular analysis. Its parasitism rates ranged from 0 to 28% on the island of Hawaii and 11 to 65% on the island of Oahu. Emerged parasitoids have been reared in Greece for evaluation. This was the first field survey of Hawaii since the introduction and release of citrus whitefly natural enemies.
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Anderson, Todd, Theodore Radovich, Jon-Paul Bingham, Nicolas Sinclair, Giselle Bryant, and Michael Benjamin Kantar. "Evaluation of Hawaiian Heritage Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Breeding Lines." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081545.
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Producing ‘Hawaiian Heritage’ cultivars can raise the market value of locally grown sweet potatoes and increase small farmer earnings in Hawaii. Twelve sweet potato breeding lines (Ipomea batatas L.), derived from the Hawaiian maternal parent ‘Mohihi’, together with four check varieties, were trialed under organic management conditions across three environments (site-year combinations) in Oahu, Hawaii (Waimānalo-2018, Waimānalo-2019 and Poamoho-2019). Trials were harvested five months after planting, consistent with local commercial production standards. There were significant differences in fresh harvest yield, post-curing yield, shape, and quality between environments and cultivars. The ‘Hawaiian Heritage’ lines HM 26 and HM 34 outperformed the commercial standard, demonstrating the potential use of traditional Hawaiian germplasm in modern breeding programs. Additionally, ‘Hawaiian Heritage’ lines (e.g., HM 32 and HM 17) with unique traits favored by the local community may be suitable breeding materials for niche markets.
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PORCH, NICK. "A new and likely extinct species of Antilissus Sharp, 1879 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae: Colydiinae) from Makauwahi Cave, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands." Zootaxa 4868, no. 1 (October 23, 2020): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4868.1.8.
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This paper describes Antilissus makauwahi, sp. nov., from the subfossil record of Makauwahi Cave on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. This new species is the second species of Antilissus Sharp from Hawaii and second described species for the genus. The type species of Antilissus, A. aper Sharp, has been widely collected from under the bark of dead or dying trees, at higher elevations, on all major Hawaiian Islands. In contrast, A. makauwahi is so far known only from a small number of subfossil sclerites recovered from sediments dating to before human arrival in Hawaii (>800 years before present). This potentially extinct species adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting the widespread extinction of Pacific island insects after human arrival.
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Thurston, Norman K. "Labor Market Effects of Hawaii'S Mandatory Employer-Provided Health Insurance." ILR Review 51, no. 1 (October 1997): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399705100108.
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The author analyzes how mandatory employer provision of health insurance in Hawaii, which became law in 1974, affected workers' wages, employment, and insurance coverage. Between 1970 and 1990, the Hawaiian industries most affected by the mandate had slower wage growth than other Hawaiian industries, but more rapid wage growth than the same industries in the nation as a whole. The author speculates that the effects of unmeasured economy-wide positive demand shocks eclipsed the wage effects of the law. Hawaii's employment growth exceeded that of the country as a whole, but the percentage of Hawaiian workers employed less than 20 hours per week (and thus exempt from the law) was significantly higher than the national average. Insurance coverage for Hawaiian workers of all classes (including those exempt from the act)—and, indeed, for workers and nonworkers of all ages—significantly exceeded the national average in the early 1990s.
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Pobutsky, Ann M., Lee Buenconsejo-Lum, Catherine Chow, Neal Palafox, and Gregory G. Maskarinec. "Micronesian Migrants in Hawaii." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v3i4.1782.
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More than 20,000 Micronesians have migrated to Guam, Hawaii, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Of these migrants, more than 8,000 now live in Hawaii. Factors in their home islands driving the recent emigration include the limited economic resources and struggling health care systems. Education systems in Micronesia are inadequate, and there are few job opportunities. The rates of infectious diseases remain high while at the same time, the epidemiologic transition in health has led to an explosion of non-communicable diseases. In Hawaii, the impact of the Micronesians emigration has been significant with most health and education expenses un-reimbursed. The health care costs alone are substantial as many Micronesians travel to Guam or Hawaii for medical treatment unavailable in their home islands. At the same time, Micronesians have difficulty accessing and navigating the health care system. While governmental, private, and academic programs already provide innovative and communitybased services to the Micronesian population, more work remains to be done. Not only are additional services, tailored to the culture and needs of Micronesian migrants, needed but a keener awareness and understanding of the issues surrounding Hawaii’s migrant population must be promoted among all public health stakeholders to ensure that the priority necessary to successfully address these challenges is recognized.
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Drager, Katie. "Pidgin and Hawai‘i English: An overview." International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication 1 (January 1, 2012): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.10.
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<strong><strong></strong></strong><p align="LEFT">T<span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;">oday, most people from Hawai‘i speak Pidgin, Hawai‘i English, or both. This </span></span>paper presents a brief discussion of the history of both the creole (called Pidgin or Hawaii Creole) and the variety of English spoken in Hawai‘i referred to as Hawai‘i English. The creation of Pidgin and the prevalence of English in Hawai‘i have a complex history closely tied with various sociohistorical events in the islands, and the social hegemony established during the plantation days still persists today. While Pidgin is stigmatized and is deemed inappropriate for use in formal domains, it has important social functions, and the infl uence from diff erent languages is viewed as representative of the ethnic diversity found in the islands. This paper treats Pidgin and Hawaii English as independent from one another while commenting on some of the linguistic forms that are found in both. Lexical items, phonological forms,and syntactic structures of Pidgin and Hawai‘i English are presented alongside a discussion of language attitudes and ideologies. Recent work that attempts to address the negative attitudes toward Pidgin is also discussed.</p>
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Puig, Alina Sandra, Wilber Quintanilla, Tracie Matsumoto, Lisa Keith, Osman Ariel Gutierrez, and Jean-Philippe Marelli. "Phytophthora palmivora Causing Disease on Theobroma cacao in Hawaii." Agriculture 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050396.
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Commercial production of cacao in Hawaii has doubled in the past 10 years, and farmers are receiving premium prices for their beans from the expanding local confectionery industry. Black pod, caused by Phytophthora spp., is the only major cacao disease that has been reported in Hawaii but distribution and molecular identification are lacking. To determine the species of Phytophthora affecting Theobroma cacao, a sampling trip was conducted on Hawaii Island and Oahu. Ten isolates of Phytophthora palmivora were obtained from diseased cacao on Hawaii Island, but none from Oahu, despite the presence of symptomatic pods. No other Phytophthora species were found. Laboratory studies showed that all isolates produced lesions on unwounded cacao pods, but they differed in terms of their temperature–growth responses. Fungicide sensitives for a subset of isolates (n = 4) were determined using media amended with a range of fungicide concentrations. The Hawaiian isolates of P. palmivora were more sensitive to mefenoxam, chlorothalonil, and fosetyl-Al, than isolates from Ghana (n = 2) and Mexico (n = 1). This study identifies P. palmivora as a causal agent of black pod in Hawaii based on molecular data and provides valuable preliminary information on fungicide resistance and temperature response that can be used to improve disease management.
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Timmers, Molly A., Kimberly R. Andrews, Chris E. Bird, Marta J. deMaintenton, Russell E. Brainard, and Robert J. Toonen. "Widespread Dispersal of the Crown-of-Thorns Sea Star,Acanthaster planci, across the Hawaiian Archipelago and Johnston Atoll." Journal of Marine Biology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/934269.
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The population structure of marine species is variable along the Hawaiian Archipelago; thus, it is important to understand dispersal and recruitment patterns for economically and ecologically important taxa to inform Ecosystem-based Management. Connectivity of the coral-eating crown-of-thorns sea star,Acanthaster planci, was examined from Johnston Atoll and 12 locations across the Hawaiian Archipelago. Sequences of mitochondrial DNA from 383 individuals were analyzed to infer patterns of gene flow among the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHIs), the main Hawaiian Islands, and Johnston Atoll. Population samples were genetically similar across the Hawaiian Archipelago with the exception of the west side of the Big Island of Hawaii, which was significantly differentiated from the majority of Hawaiian samples (pairwise , ). Although differentiated, Hawai`i West shares haplotypes with every other site across the Hawaiian Archipelago. Johnston Atoll was genetically distinct from every location (pairwise , ) except French Frigate Shoals (, ), supporting connectivity between the central NWHIs and Johnston Atoll. Taken together with the lack of geographic population structure and haplotypes shared among all populations, these results indicate widespread larval dispersal with few restrictions to gene flow along the archipelago.
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Businger, Steven, M. Puakea Nogelmeier, Pauline W. U. Chinn, and Thomas Schroeder. "Hurricane with a History: Hawaiian Newspapers Illuminate an 1871 Storm." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0333.1.
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Abstract High literacy rates among Native Hawaiians in the nineteenth century and publication of more than 100 Hawaiian-language newspapers from 1834 to 1948 produced the largest archive of indigenous writing in the Western Hemisphere. These newspapers extend our knowledge of historical environmental events and natural disasters back into the early nineteenth century and deeper into precontact times. Articles reporting observations of meteorological events allowed the authors to reconstruct the track and intensity of an 1871 hurricane that brought devastation to the islands of Hawaii and Maui and to discern historical patterns of droughts and floods in Hawaii. These findings illustrate the value of Hawaiian-language newspapers as resources for science research and science education.
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Hope, Bradley E., and Janette Harbottle Hope. "Native Hawaiian Health in Hawaii." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 1, SI (December 31, 2003): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v1isi.553.
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The Hawaiians still have evidence of remarkable spiritual, mental, and physical illness since western contact over two centuries ago. Their pure blooded population has decreased by more than 98% but the mixed Hawaiians are approximately near pre-contact pure blooded levels, at 400,000. 60,000 (15%) people with Hawaiian ancestry now live in California. This paper attempts to provide a detailed but concise historical summary of health in Hawaii and of Native Hawaiians. Also, an attempt is made to educate health providers, and to help them take better care of their Native Hawaiian and traditional patients.
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Long, Xiaoyu, Matthew J. Widlansky, Fabian Schloesser, Philip R. Thompson, H. Annamalai, Mark A. Merrifield, and Hyang Yoon. "Higher Sea Levels at Hawaii Caused by Strong El Niño and Weak Trade Winds." Journal of Climate 33, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 3037–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0221.1.
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AbstractHawaii experienced record-high sea levels during 2017, which followed the 2015 strong El Niño and coincided with weak trade winds in the tropical northeastern Pacific. The record sea levels were associated with a combination of processes, an important contributing factor of which was the persistent high sea level (~10 cm above normal) over a large region stretching between Hawaii and Mexico. High sea levels at Mexico are known to occur during strong El Niño as the coastal thermocline deepens. Planetary wave theory predicts that these coastal anomalies propagate westward into the basin interior; however, high sea levels at Hawaii do not occur consistently following strong El Niño events. In particular, Hawaii sea levels remained near normal following the previous strong El Niño of 1997. The processes controlling whether Hawaii sea levels rise after El Niño have so far remained unknown. Atmosphere-forced ocean model experiments show that anomalous surface cooling, controlled by variable trade winds, impacts sea level via mixed layer density, explaining much of the difference in Hawaiian sea level response after the two recent strong El Niño events. In climate model projections with greenhouse warming, more frequent weak trade winds following El Niño events are expected, suggesting that the occurrence of high sea levels at Hawaii will increase as oceanic anomalies more often traverse the basin.
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Keirle, M. R., P. G. Avis, D. E. Hemmes, and G. M. Mueller. "Limited divergence in the spatially subdivided population of the Hawaiian mushroom Rhodocollybia laulaha." Botany 90, no. 11 (November 2012): 1103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-082.
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Here we report the first population genetic examination of a fungus in Hawaii and, to our knowledge, the only investigation of a saprotrophic fungal population distributed across an oceanic archipelago. Rhodocollybia laulaha fruits abundantly in the native rain forests of Hawaii from June through December. Its range includes the geographic extent of the Hawaiian Archipelago; however, this range is highly fragmented because of the discontinuous distribution of the native forest habitat where R. laulaha occurs. We hypothesized that significant patterns of population structure would be recovered within the geographic range of the Hawaiian mushroom R. laulaha resulting from divergence between isolated subpopulations. We tested for population structure and related inferred patterns of restricted gene flow to geographic distance, major geographic features such as mountain peaks and oceans, elevation zones, and spore morphology. We included 120 R. laulaha collections using data from the rRNA IGS1 region, two microsatellite loci, and 184 AFLP loci. Analyses of these genetic data suggest limited genetic structure among R. laulaha subpopulations in Hawaii correlated mostly with geographic distance. Patterns associated with specialization to elevation or spore morphology were not recovered. The limited geographic structure observed in R. laulaha is consistent with relatively recent population fragmentation.
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Havran, J. Christopher, Stephan Nylinder, and Ulf Swenson. "Taxonomic Reevaluation of Endemic Hawaiian Planchonella (Sapotaceae)." Systematic Botany 46, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 875–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364421x16312067913480.
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Abstract— Planchonella (Sapotaceae) in Hawaii has a complicated taxonomic history that has resulted in considerable confusion among botanists and conservation practitioners. Up to seven different species and several varieties have been described in Hawaii, with the most recent taxonomic evaluation recognizing one species, P. sandwicensis. We have conducted a phylogenetic study of Hawaiian Planchonella using molecular (ETS, ITS, and RPB2) and morphological data to infer whether one or several species can be distinguished. In line with earlier research based on molecular data, we find that Planchonella in Hawaii is comprised of two well-supported clades distinguished by fruit color: yellow or purple. The purple-fruited clade contains individuals with flat leaf blades, long pedicels, and greenish corollas, a species corresponding to P. sandwicensis, distributed on all Hawaiian Islands except the island of Hawaii. The yellow-fruited clade possesses leaves that are frequently longitudinally rolled, wavy or distally deflexed, short pedicels, and yellow or cream (rarely greenish) corollas, a species corresponding to P. spathulata that is distributed on all Hawaiian Islands but is believed rare in Kauai. Both species can set fruit with aborted ovules, resulting in small fruits that look dissimilar to well-developed fruit. The species can occur in sympatry, where P. sandwicensis seems to be better adapted to slightly wetter forests and higher altitudes, whereas P. spathulata usually occurs at lower elevations in mesic to dry forests. Both species exhibit large morphological variation and overlap, resulting in many previous collections with inadequate label information, which has impeded correct taxonomic determinations. We refrain from recognizing infraspecific taxa because there is no morphological coherence, no molecular support, and it is unhelpful for species conservation. Five lectotypes are here designated. Both species are assessed for conservation status according to IUCN guidelines and are tentatively proposed as species of Least Concern.
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Lyu, Xinyi. "The Influence of Environment and Immigrants’ Influence on the Hawaiian Indigenous Art." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 20 (October 18, 2022): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v20i.2361.
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Many people think of Hawaii only in terms of the enthusiastic “Aloha Spirit”, but have very little knowledge of the development and evolution of Hawaiian art. This research paper analyzes the influence of the Hawaiian environment and immigrants from different cultural backgrounds on the development of Native Hawaiian art in three areas: music, painting, and sculpture.
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Glover-Kudon, Rebecca, Doris G. Gammon, Todd Rogers, Ellen M. Coats, Brett Loomis, Lila Johnson, MaryBeth Welton, and René Lavinghouze. "Cigarette and cigar sales in Hawaii before and after implementation of a Tobacco 21 Law." Tobacco Control 30, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055248.
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IntroductionOn 1 January 2016, Hawaii raised the minimum legal age for tobacco access from 18 to 21 years (‘Tobacco 21 (T21)’) statewide, with no special population exemptions. We assessed the impact of Hawaii’s T21 policy on sales of cigarettes and large cigars/cigarillos in civilian food stores, including menthol/flavoured product sales share.MethodsCigarette and large cigar/cigarillo sales and menthol/flavoured sales share were assessed in Hawaii, California (implemented T21 in June 2016 with a military exemption), and the US mainland using the only Nielsen data consistently available for each geographical area. Approximate monthly sales data from large-scale food stores with sales greater than US$2 million/year covered June 2012 to February 2017. Segmented regression analyses estimated changes in sales from prepolicy to postpolicy implementation periods.ResultsFollowing T21 in Hawaii, average monthly cigarette unit sales dropped significantly (−4.4%, p<0.01) coupled with a significant decrease in menthol market share (−0.8, p<0.01). This combination of effects was not observed in comparison areas. Unit sales of large cigars/cigarillos decreased significantly in each region following T21 implementation. T21 policies in Hawaii and California showed no association with flavoured/menthol cigar sales share, but there was a significant increase in flavoured/menthol cigar sales share in the USA (7.1%, p<0.01) relative to Hawaii’s implementation date, suggesting T21 may have attenuated an otherwise upward trend.ConclusionsAs part of a comprehensive approach to prevent or delay tobacco use initiation, T21 laws may help to reduce sales of cigarette and large cigar products most preferred by US youth and young adults.
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Bartholomew, Duane P., Richard A. Hawkins, and Johnny A. Lopez. "Hawaii Pineapple: The Rise and Fall of an Industry." HortScience 47, no. 10 (October 2012): 1390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.10.1390.
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The date pineapple (Ananas comosus var. comosus) was introduced to Hawaii is not known, but its presence was first recorded in 1813. When American missionaries first arrived in Hawaii in 1820, pineapple was found growing wild and in gardens and small plots. The pineapple canning industry began in Baltimore in the mid-1860s and used fruit imported from the Caribbean. The export-based Hawaii pineapple industry was developed by an entrepreneurial group of California migrants who arrived in Hawaii in 1898 and the well-connected James D. Dole who arrived in 1899. The first profitable lot of canned pineapples was produced by Dole’s Hawaiian Pineapple Company in 1903 and the industry grew rapidly from there. Difficulties encountered in production and processing as the industry grew included low yields resulting from severe iron chlorosis and the use of low plant populations, mealybug wilt that devastated whole fields, inadequate machinery that limited cannery capacity, and lack of or poorly developed markets for the industry’s canned fruit. The major production problems were solved by public- and industry-funded research and innovation in the field and in the cannery. An industry association and industry-funded cooperative marketing efforts, initially led by James Dole, helped to expand the market for canned pineapple. Industry innovations were many and included: selection of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple as the most productive cultivar with the best quality fruit for canning; identification of the cause of manganese-induced iron chlorosis and its control with biweekly iron sulphate sprays; the use of mulch paper and the mechanization of its application, which increased yields by more than 20 t·ha−1; and the invention of the Ginaca peeler–corer machine, which greatly sped cannery throughput. Nematodes were also a serious problem for the industry, which resulted in the discovery and development of nematicides in the 1930s. As a result, by 1930 Hawaii led the world in the production of canned pineapple and had the world’s largest canneries. Production and sale of canned pineapple fell sharply during the world depression that began in 1929. However, the formation of an industry cartel to control output and marketing of canned pineapple, aggressive industry-funded marketing programs, and rapid growth in the volume of canned juice after 1933 restored industry profitability. Although the industry supported the world’s largest pineapple breeding program from 1914 until 1986, no cultivars emerged that replaced ‘Smooth Cayenne’ for canning. The lack of success was attributed in part to the superiority of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ in the field and the cannery, but also to the difficulty in producing defect-free progeny from crosses between highly heterozygous parents that were self-incompatible. Production of canned pineapple peaked in 1957, but the stage was set for the decline of the Hawaii industry when Del Monte, one of Hawaii’s largest canners, established the Philippine Packing Corporation (PPC) in the Philippines in the 1930s. The expansion of the PPC after World War II, followed by the establishment of plantations and canneries by Castle and Cooke’s Dole division in the Philippines in 1964 and in Thailand in 1972, sped the decline. The decline occurred mainly because foreign-based canneries had labor costs approximately one-tenth those in Hawaii. As the Hawaii canneries closed, the industry gradually shifted to the production of fresh pineapples. During that transition, the pineapple breeding program of the Pineapple Research Institute of Hawaii produced the MD-2 pineapple cultivar, now the world’s pre-eminent fresh fruit cultivar. However, the first and major beneficiary of that cultivar was Costa Rica where Del Monte had established a fresh fruit plantation in the late 1970s. Dole Food Co. and Maui Gold Pineapple Co. continue to produce fresh pineapples in Hawaii, mostly for the local market. All of the canneries eventually closed, the last one on Maui in 2007.