Dissertations / Theses: 'Hauora'

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McKerchar, Christina, and n/a. "Kai o te Hauora : the effect of the Kai o te Hauora programme on Maori community nutrition." University of Otago. Department of Human Nutrition, 2003. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070507.111203.

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This study examines the �Kai o te Hauora� Maori Community nutrition training delivered by Maori Provider, Te Hotu Manawa Maori as a means of bringing about nutritional change in a Maori community. The aim of the Kai o te Hauora Training is to empower iwi and Maori communities with the skills, knowledge and resources to enable them to make informed decisions about their nutritional health. The research methods were grounded in Kaupapa Maori research methodology. Three community members who have taken part in the Kai o te Hauora training were interviewed as well as those people with whom they have networked within the wider community. Formal unstructured interviews were carried out with a total of twenty-three people over a twenty month period from November 1998 to June 2000. The interviews were each transcribed and analysed for key themes. The results of the interviews documented the changes in behaviour and attitudes toward nutrition for the Maori community in the Whakatane region, through the stories of the three community members who had taken part in the training. Their successes and difficulties in attempting to influence change were also recorded. The success of the Kai o te Hauora training in relation to the literature is discussed. The importance of working from a Kaupapa Maori framework in both nutrition interventions and research relating to Maori is emphasised. This framework inherently acknowledges the importance of Maori networks, values and concepts. The importance of the Kai o te Hauora training principle of empowerment is also acknowledged as being fundamental to the programmes success. The need for further research to measure the impact of the Kai o te Hauora programme, and Maori women�s contributions to their communities is noted, as is the need for this research to have been carried out within a Kaupapa Maori framework.

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Mullan, Elise Maree. "Hauora tuwhena :kaupapa ta tataritanga hauora Maori, 1990-99 = Disproportionate health : a policy analysis of the health of Maori, 1990-99." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Political Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4667.

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This thesis examines the effects of public sector restructuring on Maori health development during the 1990s, primarily through an analysis of health sector reform, changes to health policy direction, and the response of Government to Maori development issues. The relationship between health development and socioeconomic status is also examined in order to determine what the cost of the economic and political climate of the decade has been for Maori. A key focus is the partnership, and obligations thereof, established by the Treaty of Waitangi between Maori and the Crown. As Government has acknowledged the Treaty as the founding document of Aotearoa New Zealand, any discussion of Maori health must start with the Treaty as a basis. The theoretical framework adopted employs social policy and sector analysis in order to assess whether health outcomes for Maori have improved during the 1990s. Institutional influence on the policy process is also examined as part of this framework. The influence of these procedures on policy development and general health outcomes for Maori during the 1990s is assessed, while health outcomes for Maori women in particular are discussed as a case study. This thesis examines why disproportionate health development still occurs in terms of Maori and non-Maori health despite Maori health having been designated a health gain priority area since 1984, and Government requirements that mainstream accountability to Maori be improved. As part of this examination, health promotion and intervention strategies have been assessed as these are seen as an effective first point of contact for groups traditionally disadvantaged in terms of health outcomes. Moreover, areas have been highlighted where improvement to policy could enhance positive Maori development, as positive Maori development is seen as essential to improving health outcomes for Maori. Regional policy efforts for promoting Maori health gain are also examined.

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Ratima, M. M. (Mihi M. )., and n/a. "Kia uruuru mai a hauora : being healthy, being Maori: conceptualising Maori health promotion." University of Otago. Wellington School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2001. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070508.152546.

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The Decade of Maori Development (1984-1994) stimulated the re-emergence of distinctly Maori approaches to progressing their own advancement. Maori health promotion is one such approach that has a central concern for improving Maori health outcomes. A range of Maori collectives are providing what they claim to be distinctly Maori health promotion initiatives. However, Maori health promotion has a pragmatic orientation, and this has, at least in part, led to conceptual and theoretical under-development. There is an almost complete lack of empirically and theoretically sound work to conceptualise Maori health promotion. This research programme has focused on identifying the defining characteristics of Maori health promotion. The primary data source for this research programme was three case studies of Maori health promotion interventions. Tipu Ora - a Maori community-based well-child programme; the Plunket Kaiawhina Service - a national Maori focussed initiative located within a mainstream service; and, the Wairarapa Maori Asthma Project - a tribally-based asthma management initiative. The main source of data in each of the case studies was in-depth open-ended interviews with programme participants and stakeholders. Data was also drawn from document review and archival records. The findings of this research indicate that Maori health promotion is based on a broad concept of health, which can be expanded as the basis for a more general argument for Maori advancement. Maori health promotion is the process of enabling Maori to increase control over the determinants of health and strengthen their identity as Maori, and thereby improve their health and position in society. Its defining characteristics have been identified in this research programme, and presented in �Kia uruuru mai a hauora�, a framework for Maori health promotion. The Framework has the potential to provide the basis for a more consistent and rigorous approach to Maori health promotion practice, policy, purchasing, and research. Aspects of the Framework may also have wider application to generic health promotion and other indigenous peoples� approaches to health promotion. This study concludes that Maori health promotion draws primarily on the heritage and new knowledge that arises from Maori and Western experiences. However, it remains grounded in the distinctive concepts and values of Maori worldviews. Maori health promotion is a distinctly Maori process, in step with and indigenous health promotion, but primarily on the determination of Maori to be Maori.

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Harris, Ricci, and n/a. "Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome : symptoms and risk factors among Maori and non-Maori adults in Aotearoa." University of Otago. Weelington School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2003. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070507.112047.

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More is becoming known about the importance of sleep to health, with inadequate sleep recognised as a significant public health issue. Sleep clinics have reported disproportionate numbers of Māori and Pacific peoples with more severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), raising concerns about accessibility of services and possible differences in prevalence between ethnic groups. Prevalence information on sleep disorders in Aotearoa is needed to assess its public health impact and plan for population health care needs. This thesis presents a national study examining the prevalence of OSAS symptoms and risk factors among Maori and non-Maori adults in Aotearoa. This project is also situated within the wider scope of ethnic inequalities in health between Maori and non-Maori and is concerned with making a positive contribution to Maori health and the elimination of disparities. Kaupapa Maori Research (KMR) is the underlying methodology that drives this study. As such, it assumes a Maori norm, and prioritises Maori needs. A Maori/non-Maori analytical framework is used that distinguishes Maori as tangata whenua, addresses Maori health needs as well as non-Maori, and enables the monitoring of guarantees as outlined by the Treaty of Waitangi. The goals of this thesis were to estimate the prevalence of OSAS symptoms and risk factors among Maori and non-Maori adults in New Zealand, and to examine independent predictive variables for specific OSAS symptoms. An objective was also to contribute to KMR through designing and undertaking a KMR project using a quantitative method, with the development of concepts for use in other areas of research. In April 1999, a short questionnaire was sent to a sample of 10000 New Zealands (5500 of Maori descent and 4500 non-Maori participants to enable research questions to be examined with equal statistical power for both groups. The results demonstrate that the prevalence of OSAS symptoms and risk factors, particularly among non-Maori, are comparable to other international studies, indicating that OSAS is likely to be a common problem among adults in Aotearoa. Furthermore, the results suggest that Maori are significantly more likely to suffer from OSAS than non-Maori, with higher rates of symptoms and risk factors of OSAS among both men and women. As an area of medicine that is under-serviced in Aotearoa, the results provide important information with which to plan for population needs. There are a number of health implications from this study, relating specifically to the diagnosis and management of OSAS in Aotearoa, and to Maori health and the elimination of disparities. These are multi-levelled and include health service implications across the continuum of care, from specialist sleep services to primary care; public health implications that involve preventive measures and broader determinants of health; and KMR principles that can be applied to interventions and health research in general. As a KMR project the implications and recommendations focus on Maori health research in general. As a KMR project the implications and recommendations focus on Maori health gain and addressing disparities in health. This is consistent with Maori health rights, and a population approach that considers health inequalities and the role of wider determinants of health and health services.

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Campbell, Tania, and n/a. "When two worlds meet : an examination of the intersection between scientific views of genetic testing and the realm of popular culture." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070504.112700.

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This thesis explores the variety of ways in which scientific views of genetic testing are portrayed in the realm of popular culture. As a case study, I have used the identification of the gene for hereditary stomach cancer which occurred in New Zealand in 1998, and was the result of a partnership between the affected whanau and scientists from the University of Otago. Both the empirical and theoretical findings of this project have shown how such accounts are not neutral or transparent. Rather, they are positioned to represent certain values and ideas, and this is even more evident when those affected are Maori. However, considering textual representations of the gene and cancer has revealed the importance of taking into account the fact that these 'things' are also physical and material. I consider the implications of this and consider the ways in which the whanau health workers negotiate the fetishism apparent in biomedicine. Despite its misgivings, biomedicine has immense benefits, some of which the whanau have manipulated and appropriated for their own good, although they do so on their own terms. Despite the many complexities involved in this case study, this is a positive and hopeful story where those involved in the stomach cancer gene project have emerged with improved solutions.

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Sargent, Melanie, and n/a. "Tools for defining the public health perspective of Maori women : research methodologies and methods that contribute to the public health perspective of Maori women." University of Otago. Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2003. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070504.115037.

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In the past, Maori experiences of research have been described by Jahnke and Taiapa (1999) as follows: "Contemporary Maori society has become increasingly focused on issues of self-sufficiency, self-determination and whanau, hapu and iwi development. Attempts to address these issues have highlighted a lack of satisfactory research in respect of these and other Maori concerns. Much of the research done on Maori in the past has proven to be of little benefit to Maori themselves, tending to emphasise negative statistics without attempting to provide the information necessary to effect positive change. As a consequence, many Maori treat research with a degree of suspicion, questioning both the motives of researches and the methodologies employed" (p.37). A number of tools have been used to define the public health of Maori, including Maori women. This dissertation aims to describe some of the methodologies and methods used in relation to analytical frameworks developed by leading Maori research academics such as Linda Tuhiwai Smith, in critiquing research undertaken defining the key public health issues for Maori women. Maori Health Researchers experiences of research, methodologies and methods used have also been determined based on qualitative interview techniques. There are currently significant gaps in both the information in determining the methodologies and methods used, particularly in research contributing to gains for Maori women.

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Colquhoun, D. (David James), and n/a. "What is Maori patient-centered medicine for Pakeha general practitioners?" University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2003. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070508.144541.

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This research was designed to see whether the clinical method espoused by Moira Stewart et al in the book "Patient-Centered: Transforming The Clinical Method" is appropriate for Pakeha general practitioners to use in clinical consultations with Maori patients. This thesis uses qualitative methodology. One of my supervisors and I selected from the kuia (old women) and kaumatua (old men) of Hauraki those whom I would approach to be involved. Nearly all responded in the affirmative. The kuia and kaumatua talked about their tikanga, about the basis of tikanga, about the spirituality of their Maori worldview. They talked about the need to maintain their tikanga, about qualities that they respect. They described different roles within Maoridom, especially those of the kuia, whaea (mothers) and Tohunga (experts). They refer to a GP as a Tohunga because of the GP�s special expertise. The GP is able to use his or her special expertise to heal Maori patients, but needs to be able to get through barriers to do so. They are also clear that Maori and Pakeha live in two different worlds which can merge in some circumstances. I came to two conclusions. The first is that the elements of Patient-Centered Medicine are relevant to the consultation of a Pakeha GP and Maori patient, and provides a framework that is productive. The second conclusion is that there is a better framework for working with Maori patients, within which Patient-Centered Medicine can be practiced more effectively. Maori already have a framework (tikanga) in which they function, and if in their settings, especially the marae, he or she is welcomed and has a place in their world; tikanga accommodates the GP as a Tohunga and Maori respond to him or her as such. In summary, a Pakeha GP who has some knowledge of tikanga or Maori culture and who has a basic knowledge of the Maori language of tikanga of Maori culture and who has a basic knowledge of the Maori language can work very well for his or her Maori patients by working within the framework of Tikanga Maori and by being patient-centered in consultation.

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Ratima, Keri, and n/a. "Cervical cancer in Maori women." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 1994. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070601.112003.

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This thesis is concerned with cervical cancer amongst New Zealand women, particularly Maori women. Maori women have an alarmingly high incidence of cervical cancer, approximately three times higher than non-Maori women. Maori women experience one of the highest rates of cervical cancer in the world. Chapter one, two and three form the introductory section of the thesis, Section A. Chapter one provides an overview of cervical cancer incidence in the world, followed by a more detailed analysis of the occurrence of cervical cancer in New Zealand and a discussion of the aetiological factors of cervical cancer. Cervical screening is discussed in Chapter two. The ethnic differences in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer between Maori and non-Maori and possible reasons for these differences are studied in Chapter three. Section B consists of the original work undertaken. A pilot study (Chapter four) was conducted to trial the methods for the national study (Chapter five). The national study was a retrospective review of the cervical smear histories of Maori women first diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer over a recent two year period in order to investigate why Maori women have not had their disease detected by screening and treated at the intraepithelial stage. Maori women�s knowledge of and attitudes towards cervical screening were obtained in a survey in Ruatoria (Chapter six). Section C concludes with a chapter (Chapter seven) on the conclusions and recommendations based on the material reviewed and the work undertaken.

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Barber, Glenda M., and n/a. "Dietary intake and incidence of dietary related health conditions in a sample of Dunedin Maori women." University of Otago. Department of Human Nutrition, 1988. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070619.114420.

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Throughout the twentieth century, Maori life expectancy for both men and women has increased significantly. For most health conditions however, medical statistics show that the Maori mortality rate remains significantly higher than the rate for the NZ non-Maori population. The results of epidemiological studies show that some of these health conditions may be environmentally induced. There appears to be a high incidence of obesity in the Maori population which has been related to dietary intake, with an associated high incidence of diabetes, heart disease and hypertension. These conditions appear to be particularly prevalent among Maori women. It is thought that the Maori population are gentically susceptible to obesity; a trait which manifests itself when there is a plentiful food supply in the population. At present, there is very little information available about the dietary intake of the Maori population, or the effect of diet upon obesity and associated health disorders in this group. The aim of this survey was to obtain information about the dietary intake of a sample of Dunedin Maori women using the diet history method of assessment. Also to determine the incidence of obesity and other dietry related health conditions in this group. Chapter 2 reviews the change in food habits and health status of the Maori population over the last two centuries, as well as reviewing the different methods by which information for dietary surveys is obtained. After setting out the methods and findings of the survey, Chapter 5 discusses the results in light of information obtained from similar dietary studies of NZ women. The samples intake is compared to recommended nutrient allowances for NZ women and the incidence of dietary related health disorders is also discussed. Overall, Dunedin Maori women�s diet was not deficient in any of the recorded nutrients. Dunedin Maori women, in their middle years, exhibited substantially higher energy intakes than middle years non-Maori women in the 1977 National Dietary Survey. The level of Dunedin Maori women�s carbohydrate intake was the main contributing factor for this higher energy intake. Dunedin Maori women over 50 years of age exhibited substantially higher energy intakes than NZ women aged 50-54 years in the 1985 Timaru Health District Survey, with an overall higher consumption of carbohydrate, protein and fat. Over half of Dunedin Maori were classified as overweight or very overweight. Hypertension and diabetes were reported, and obesity was commonly found among women with these health conditions. Over half of Dunedin Maori women used cigarettes, the majority using between ten and thirty cigarettes per day. Dunedin Maori women are relatively isolated from the more densely populated areas of North Island Maori. As a result, the survey results cannot be interpreted as characteristic of NZ Maori women in general. The significance of these findings is rather the elucidation of a regional situation. Further studies of Maori women in both rural and urban areas of the North and South Island are necessary to determine if an overall pattern of high intake exists with a deleterious impact upon the health of Maori women.

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Sheerin, Ian G., and n/a. "Consequences of drug use and benefits of methadone maintenance therapy for Maori and non-Maori injecting drug users." University of Otago. Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070502.142602.

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The consequences of drug use and benefits of methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) were investigated in a random sample of Maori and non- Maori injecting drug users in Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand. Eighty- five injecting drug users (IDUs) who had been on MMT for a mean time of 57 months were interviewed and followed up over an average 18 month period. Markov models were used to model cohorts of IDUs, changes in their health states and the effects of MMT and anti-viral therapy on morbidity and mortality. The savings in life from reductions in drug overdoses were used as the main outcome measure in cost-effectiveness analysis. Cost-utility and cost-benefit analysis were also used to provide additional information on the costs and outcomes of treatment. Comparisons were made between: (a) MMT alone; (b) MMT provided with conventional combination therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV); and (c) MMT provided with anti-viral therapy with pegylated interferon. The monetary costs of drug use and benefits of MMT were similar for Maori and non-Maori. However, Markov modelling indicated that MMT is associated with greater savings in life for Maori than for non-Maori. Further, Maori IDUs identified the main personal costs of drug use as being loss of their children and loss of marriage or partners. Large reductions in use of opioids and benzodiazipines were reported at interview, compared with before starting MMT. The participants also reported large reductions in crime and stabilisation of their lifestyles. Improvements in the general health of IDUs om MMT were reported. However, 89% were positive for HCV infection, which was identified as the major physical health problem affecting IDUs in New Zealand. Few IDUs had received anti-viral therapy for HCV infections, despite having stabilised on MMT. This study investigated the benefits of providing anti-viral therapy for HCV to all patients meeting treatment criteria. The cost-effectiveness of MMT alone was estimated at $25,397 per life year saved (LYS) for non- Maori men and $25,035 for non-Maori women IDUs (costs and benefits discounted at 3%). The incremental effects of providing anti-viral therapy for HCV to all eligible patients were to save extra years of life, as well as to involve additional costs. The net effect was that anti-viral therapy could be provided, at a similar level of cost-effectiveness, to all patients who meet HCV treatment criteria. Cost-effectiveness could be improved if IDUs could be stabilised on MMT five years earlier at an average age of 26 instead of the current age of 31 years. The cost-effectiveness of treatment with pegylated interferon was similar to that for conventional combination therapy because there were incremental savings in life as well as increased treatment costs. Costs per LYS were estimated to be lower for Maori than for non-Maori, reflecting ethnic differences in mortality. Sensitivity analysis revealed that provision of MMT with anti-viral treatment remained cost-effective under varying assumptions of mortality, disease progression and compliance with treatment. the main problems that were not improved during MMT were continuing use of tobacco and cannabis, low participation in paid employment, only three participants had received specific treatment for their HCV infections. Cost-benefit analysis using a conservative approach showed a ratio of the benefits to the costs of MMT of 8:1. Benefits were demonstrated in terms of large reductions in crime. Benefit to cost ratios were similar for the different policy examined, as well as for both Maori and non-Maori IDUs.

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Eketone, Anaru D., and anaru eketone@stonebow otago ac nz. "Tapuwae: waka as a vehicle for community action." University of Otago. Department of Social Work and Community Development, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070501.134015.

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Waka have a special place in the heart of many Maaori. The waka that brought the ancestors of the Maaori to Aotearoa and Te Waipounamu are valued symbols of identity, both culturally and metaphorically. With the effects of colonisation the use of waka as a means of transport disappeared leaving it to re-emerge in the 20th century as a symbol of the revitalisation of Maaori society. Through the construction of waka-taua, ocean going waka and the emergence of waka-ama as a sport, Maaori have endeavoured to reclaim their association to the seas and waterways of New Zealand. This research is a case study of Tupuwae, a kaupapa Maaori injury prevention project using traditional Maaori concepts regarding waka and applying it to a contemporary context. Tapuwae have used this attachment of Maaori to different forms of waka to associate the message of not drinking and driving using purpose-built waka-ama in the southern part of Te Waipounamu. This research identifies some of the wider outcomes that come from a kaupapa Maaori project, but, more importantly it identifies some of the processes that are important in implementing such a project by Maaori living in Otago, outside their tribal boundaries. This research also raises questions about the theoretical underpinnings of kaupapa Maaori theory and argues that there are two threads to this approach, one from a critical theory informed approach and the other from a native theory approach. Key words:Waka, Community Action, Community Development, Kaupapa Maaori, Maaori Development, Maaori Advancement, Native Theory.

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Oxley, Vanessa, and n/a. "The impact of becoming or wanting to become smokefree for Maori." University of Otago. Te Tumu - School of Maori, Pacific and Indigenous Studies, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070502.151701.

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Since the introduction of tobacco into New Zealand, smoking and smoking related illnesses have become more prevalent in the Maori population than New Zealand's general population. The aim of the present research was to investigate smoking from a Maori perspective. It was hoped this information would provide a better understanding of how Maori can become smokefree. The present research also investigated a number of possible benefits that could be obtained by Maori through becoming smokefree. These benefits were analysed through Mason Durie's Whare Tapa Wha model, a Maori holistic health model. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with four Maori people, two of whom were current smokers and two who were ex-smokers. Common themes emerged from these interviews including the social aspect of smoking for Maori and the influence of the enviroment on smoking behaviour. Suggestions were given to illustrate how the social aspect of smoking and the cycle that subsequently develops can be broken. Using the Whare Tapa Wha model and the personal accounts given, the benefits of breaking such a cycle were discussed. Lastly, the importance of nurturing smokefree environments, especially Maori environments, was outlined. The notion of being positive about becoming smokefree and the need to celebrate giving up smoking were highlighted throughout this research.

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Koopu, Pauline Irihaere, and n/a. "Kia pakari mai nga niho : oral health outcomes, self-report oral health measures and oral health service utilisation among Maori and non-Maori." University of Otago. School of Dentistry, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070502.152634.

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Health is determined by the past as well as the present; the health status of indigenous peoples has been strongly influnced by the experience of colonisation and their subsequent efforts to participate as minorities in contemporary society while retaining their own ethnic and cultural identities. Colonial journays may have led to innovation and adaptation for Maori, but they have also created pain and suffering from which full recovery has yet to be felt (Durie, 2001). The oral health area can be described as having considerable and unacceptable disparities between Maori and non-Maori (Broughton 1995; Thomson, Ayers and Broughton 2003). Few reports have been conducted concerning Maori and patterns of oral health service utilisation, however a lower service utilisation among Maori than non-Maori has been noted (TPK 1996; Broughton and Koopu 1996). Overall, Maori oral health is largely unknown due to a paucity of appropriate research. This research aims to provide new information by describing Maori oral health outcomes over the life course, within a Kaupapa Maori Research (KMR) methodology. In general, the basic tenets presented for KMR are: (1) to prioritise Maori - from the margin to the centre; (2) to be Maori controlled - by Maori, for Maori; (3) to reject �victim-blame� theories; and (4) to be a step towards action and change in order to improve Maori oral health outcomes. The aims of this research are to: 1. Describe the occurrence of caris at ages 5, 15, 18 and 26 and periodontal disease at age 26 years for Maori. 2. Describe self-reported oral health, self-reported dental aesthetics and oral health service utilisation among Maori at ages 5, 15, 18 and 26. 3. Compare the above oral health characteristics between Maori and non-Maori . 4. Investigate the determinants of any differences in oral health outcomes between Māori and non-Maori using a KMR methodology. The investigation involves a secondary analysis of data from the Dunedin multidisciplinary Health and Development study (DMHDS). The existing data-set was statistically analysed using SPSS (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). Descriptive statistics were generated. The levels of statistical significance were set at P< 0.05. Chi-square tests were used to compare proportions and independent sample t-tests or ANOVA were used for comparing means. A summary of the Maori/non-Maori analysis shows that, for a cohort of New Zealanders followed over their life-course, the oral health features of caries prevalence, caries severity, and periodonal disease prevalence are higher among Maori compared to non-Maori. In particular, it appears that while Maori females did not always have the highest prevalence of dental caries, this group most often had a higher dmfs/DMFS for dental caries, compared to non-Maori. As adolescents and adults, self-reported results of oral health and dental appearance indicate that Maori males were more likely to report below average oral health and below average dental appearance, when compared to non-Maori. However, at age 26, non-Maori males made up the highest proportion of episodic users of oral health services. This study has a number of health implications: these relate specifically to the management of dental caries, the access to oral health services, and Maori oral health and the elimination of disparities. These are multi-levelled and have implications for health services across the continuum of care from child to adult services; they also have public health implications that involve preventive measures and the broader determinants of health; and involve KMR principles than can be applied to oral health interventions and dental health research in general. Dental diseases and oral health outcomes, such as dental anxiety and episodic use of services, are a common problem in a cohort of New Zealanders with results demonstrating ethnic disparities between Maori and on-Maori. As an area of dentistry that has had very little research in New Zealand, the findings of this study provide important information with which to help plan for population needs. The KMR approach prioritises Maori and specifically seeks to address Maori oral health needs and the elimination of disparities in oral health outcomes. While the issues that are raised may be seen as the more difficult to address, they are also more likely to achieve oral health gains for Maori and contribute to the elimination of disparities.

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Paenga, Maria Dawn Te Ahu. "Te Māoritanga wellbeing and identity : Kapa Haka as a vehicle for Māori health promotion : a dissertation submitted to Te Wānanga Aronui o Tamaki Makau Rau, AUT University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science (MHSc), 2008." Abstract Full dissertation, 2008.

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Dissertation (MHSc--Health Science) -- AUT University, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (xi, 132 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm.) in North Shore Campus Theses Collection (T 362.108999442 PAE)

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O'Connor, Tony. "Governing bodies : a Māori healing tradition in a bicultural state /." e-Thesis University of Auckland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2327.

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Robertson, Paul James, and n/a. "Korero te hikoi : Maori men talk the walk of addiction treatment." University of Otago. Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070430.100135.

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Narratives of 'being Maori in addiction' have developed in a context in which Maori have been constituted as both 'drunken savages' and 'traditionally' abstinent. Discourses of colonialism and ongoing marginalisation, not to mention resistance, have been most salient in Maori narratives, while those focused on 'cultural deficit' have been more prominent within hegemonic narratives. The goal of the current thesis was to increase understanding of the construction of being Maori in addiction' by: i) identifying key discursive resources used to constitute related subject positions; and ii) identifying the ways in which such resources were deployed to accomplish particular tasks. A review of influential texts identified several core discourses, which located Maori within 'traditions' of collectivity, spirituality and connection with the land. However, the ongoing impact of colonisation, including contemporary alienation from 'tradition', and construction of Maori as the inferior 'other' within hegemonic narratives were prominent. Discourses of addiction have characteristically been based on biological notions of 'disease' and 'disorder', however, psychosocial discourse has become prominent more recently. The '12 Steps' of Alcoholic Anonymous, which provided the primary resource for participants with regard to 'addiction', also includes explicit discourses of spirituality. The current thesis was implemented within a methodological framework, kaupapa Maori. In this context deconstructive discourse analysis was identied as the most appropriate means of analysing interview data gathered from 11 men attending a 'addiction treatment' programme. The results indicated that while 'tradition' was central to narratives of 'being Maori', dicources of alienation and loss were equally salient. In terms of 'addiction', discourses of genetic inheritance were most prominent, although psychosocially constituted 'underlying issues' were also clearly located as being important. Such 'issues' were linked to both general life experiences and 'being Maori'. 'Treatment' narratives revolved around transformative narratives of 'self'. As participants disconnected themselves from 'addiction' and 'underlying issues', they reconnected with their positive ;essential self', previously compromised by 'addiction'. Two main discourses were utilised in terms of the relationship between 'being Maori' and 'addiction'. The first, deployed in aetiological narratives, constituted an inevitable link between 'being Maori' and substance use. The second, more prominent in 'treatment' narratives, located substance use as antithetical to 'Maori culture'. While both Maori and 12 Step 'traditions' were highlighted in participants' narratives, the latter tended to be privileged. 'Being Maori' was identified as important, or at least relevant, however, the opportunity to engage with integrated indigenised narratives of 'addiction' appeared to be limited by several factors. Essentialist 'tradition', for example, tended to be uncritically privileged within discourses that failed to account for contemporary 'diverse Maori realities', ignoring the complexities of relations between and within Te Ao Maori and Te Ao Pakeha. Additionally, '12 Step' discourses of 'treatment' limited construction of more broadly focused narratives of 'recovery'. Overall, the results indicated a clear need for Maori 'addiction treatments' to avoid essentialist notions of 'tradition' and support integrated narratives of 'being Maori in addication', which reflect the varied needs, capacity and experiences of individuals and whanau.

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17

Clayton-Smith, Bevan, and n/a. "He ratonga hauora Maori me nga ratonga rarau rongoa o Aotearoa e tirohanga, he tataritanga i nga mohio o tenei wa, i nga tumanako me etahi huarahi atu = Maori health providers and pharmacy services in New Zealand : a survey and analysis of current awareness, expectations and options." University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070501.142338.

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This research aims to assess the existing relationship and characteristics between Maori health providers (MHPs) and pharmacy services in New Zealand and to provide future direction, pathways and strategies for collaboration, planning and improving health outcomes for Maori within the primary health care environment. The characteristics of the relationship were identified and discussed before exploring strategies to strengthen the relationship and to improve Māori health outcomes. The assessment and analysis of the characteristics required an exploration of MHPs current knowledge of pharmacy services, the expectations of MHPs of pharmacy services and the current knowledge of pharmacists of MHP services and Maori health. Themes identified that characterised the relationship were related to knowledge, health philosophies, interaction, service and capacity issues. Knowledge issues incorporated themes of group dynamics, historical context, participant knowledge, pharmacy participant knowledge, MHP participant knowledge, solutions/ outcome knowledge, consideration of Maori. Health philosophies related to themes of paradigms/worldviews, kaupapa Maori, capacity, culture and delivery of services, Treaty of Waitangi, knowledge of culture, communication and te reo, rongoa Maori, environmental culture, access, tino rangatiratanga. Interaction issues discussed the themes of collaboration and communication, extent of collaboration, contact with Maori, community relationships, cost, benefits and opportunities. The pharmacy environment, cost and health service delivery were identified as themes relating to service issues. Capacity issues included themes of mana, direct workforce development (education, employment, promotion), indirect workforce development (education, environment, relationship building, funding), and the Maori Pharmacists Association. This research attempted to follow kaupapa Maori qualitative research methodology, methods and the epistemology of kaupapa Maori throughout the research and design process. One to one semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from each group. The sample size was established based on the purposeful sampling strategy of maximum variation sampling (7 MHP participants, 8 pharmacy participants. Responses were directly related to differences in world-views and the historical context of the two health provider groups with respect to their roles in health. Variations within each group were related to knowledge, location and previous experience working with their counterparts. Recommendations were associated with themes/issues of environment, knowledge, communication, cultural awareness, collaboration, services and the increased awareness of the roles and responsibilities with respect to each health provider group. This dissertation also highlighted a number of key components that formed a collaborative, empowerment model of health created between organisations with different world-views, which can be adapted to a number of environments where there are different or opposing world-views within the overall same patient population. It is anticipated that the results and outcomes from this research will help develop Maori responsive pharmacy services based on health promotion and wellness to Maori locally, regionally, nationally and have a positive impact on Maori health in collaboration with MHPs. Areas of pharmaceutical care are highlighted which may encourage projects or initiatives in collaboration with MHPs to enhance health gains for Maori, while increasing professional practice roles and scope for pharmacy.

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18

Rochford, Tim, and tim rochford@otago ac nz. "Te korero wai : Maori and Pakeha views on water despoliation and health." University of Otago. Wellington School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070502.145537.

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Having reviewed an example of environmental degradation (the effect of gold mining related activities on the acquatic ecosystems in Te Tai Poutini) from varying Maori and Pakeha perspectives I have developed a framework to find combine these perspectives into a working analytical tool kit. The tool kit is intended to better define the problems to ensure that they take into account the widely differing views of Maori and Pakeha and is able to promote solutions that will be appropriate and safe for both Maori and Pakeha. I have sought to collect and present a comprehensive analysis of both perspectives. I have focussed more heavily however on the Maori paradigms as they are less well reported in the literature on environmental health and less influence on the way we seek to protect people from the negative effects of environmental degradation. This is despite the fact that as Maori are more likely to be exposed to environmental damage in that they are on average poorer and therefore have less choice about where they may live and are more likely to eat foods taken directly from the environment. I will also show that the damage to the Arahura is far more than physical and will show the concern of kaumatua and their psychological anguish they have felt over the damage to this most tapu river. For this reason I have chosen to present this thesis, in the form of a powhiri model. This model allows me to present different aspects of the problem from a Maori perspective including the views of kaumatua as well as recorded traditions. I have then followed these sections with a response from a Pakeha perspective. This includes reviewing the different underlying world, view as well as some attempt to review the damage in Pakeha terms by reviewing the literature and undertaking some tests to establish procedures for a more comprehensive testing of the enviroment that surrounds the Arahura. The thesis will conclude with a section summarising both strands of information and attempt to develop a framework for a health tool kit - he kete hauora. This kete will utilise Whare Tapa Wha as a way of placing the information in a context that can be presented in a reasonably coherent form. Finally I will make a number of recommendations that I called a place mat - he whariki. These recommendations are presented in a framework from Te Tiriti o Waitangi. This reflects the primacy of the Treaty when considering the ways in which Maori are to be protected by the Crown. These recommendations seek to respond to the principle barriers that are currently preventing local Maori from achieving a full sense of well being but, if implemented, these recommendations will ensure the protection of the health of all peoples of Te Tai Poutini.

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Hurley, Roanne, and n/a. "Whai ora (pursuing health): increasing physical activity for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes in Maori." University of Otago. School of Physical Education, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070504.111201.

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Although considered a substanially preventable disease, Type 2 diabetes is reaching epidemic status within the Maori population. This study sought to investigate factors that positively and negatively influenced levels of physical activity for Maori within Otepoti/Dunedin, and to discuss ideas and potential initiatives that could increase levels of physical activity and aid in the prevention of Type 2 diabetes. Eighteen Maori (9 males; 9 females) from this rohe (area) participated in a four hour focus group interview (groups of three) and were also invited to attend an evaluation hui. A Maori-centered research orientation was used throughout the research process. Individual transcripts from focus groups, debriefing discussion and content from the evaluation hui were inductively analysed to identify the main themes. The 'active' participants were physically active because of the benefits they attained for health and longevity, and to undertake task-oriented activity such as gathering kai. Barriers to physical activity (i.e., family, work), a contemporary societal shift towards inactivity, and negative personal attitudes and perceptions towards physical activity detrimentally affected levels of physical activity. Initiatives to increase levels of physical activity included community, educational and work-based initiatives. A key element of each proposed initiative was a 'by Maori for Maori' approach, with a focus on strengthening whānau and iwi networks, a comfortable environment and social support. While education was believed to be a key component for Type 2 diabetes prevention, an avoidance barrier and fatalistic attitudes could negatively affect any attempt to prevent Type 2 diabetes and increase levels of physical activity. The results indicated that to strengthen Maori identity, increase levels of physical activity and prevent Type 2 diabetes, positive changes (taking responsibility for health), cultural changes (a shift towards a stronger identity and belief in the taonga [treasure] of being Maori), societal changes ( a more positive view of Maori, better role models and education), and social economic changes (better access to exercise facilities, healthy food and education for those in the lower deprivation indices) were needed.

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20

Waldon, John Allan, and n/a. "Rapua te ora : a role for budget holding in the provision of public health services for Maori." University of Otago. Wellington School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2000. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070518.113509.

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Maori health development advanced with the Hui Taumata (1984) and with the emergence of by Maori for Maori health service delivery. Rapua te ora, by Maori for Maori health service delivery. Rapua te ora, by Maori for Maori health service delivery is an expression of tino rangatiratanga. The case study of budget holding presents a Maori analysis of contemporary health services delivery to meet the needs of Maori. Maori engage in research as dynamic participants who define their roles. Maori provide new analyses of health whilst adding to the diversity of views within health research, health services administration, and health services management. Nested case study method is used to prepare this thesis. Methods nested within the case study are a literature review; empowerment evaluation, information systems strategy, provider profile method, and structural analysis. Kaupapa Maori theory, which underpins the Maori centered research approach, is used to ensure the research objectives are relevant and meet needs of Maori. Budget holding is a mechanism for provider development, systematically linking national public health oblectives to local and regional needs. At different levels of development Maori providers, new to public health, require careful anf thoughtful administration, where necessary, thoughtful management. The benefits for administrating the provision of public health services for Maori are clear vertical accountability to the purchaser, clear local accountabilities, and provider development consistent with local Maori health needs. Conclusions drawn from this case study are that Maori provider development is a response to health reforms characterised by multiple transformations of health service funding. Provider development and meeting disparate accountabilities are important issues for sustainability and the development of Maori providers for public health, and are applicable to the wider community, both national and international.

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Jeffs, Lynda Caron, and n/a. "A culturally safe public health research framework." University of Otago. Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 1999. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070524.120343.

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The concept of cultural safety arose in Aotearoa me Te Waipounamu/New Zealand in the late 1980�s in response to the differential health experience and negative health outcomes of the first nation people of Aotearoa me Te Waipounamu/New Zealand, the New Zealand Maori. It was introduced and developed by Maori nurses initially, as they recognised the effect culture had on health and understood safety as a common nursing concept. The concept of cultural safety has developed into a disipline which is taught as part of all nursing and midwifery curricula in Aotearoa me Te Waipounamu/New Zealand. As cultural safety has developed the concept of culture has been extended to include people who differ from the nurse by reason of: age, migrant status, sexual preference, socioeconomic status, religious persuasion, gender, ethnicity, and in Aotearoa me Te Waipounamu/New Zealand, the Treaty of Waitangi status of the nurse and recipient/s of her/his care. Nationally and internationally, health experience and health outcomes are poorer for people of minority group status than for people who are part of the dominant group. Public-health research is therefore generally conducted on, or with, people with minority group status. Public-health researchers, by education, are members of the dominant culture and may be unaware that their own and their clients; responses may relate to one/other or both cultures being diminished do not always ensure the safety of their own culture or the culture being researched. This study�s objective was to develop a flexible, culturally safe public health research framework for researches to use when researching people who are culturally different from themselves. The study will argue that the use of such a framework will contribute significantly to improved health outcomes for people with minority status and will assist the movement towards emancipatory social change. The methods undertaken included: gaining permission from Irihapeti Ramsden, the architect of cultural safety to undertake the research, conducting a literature review, consideration of primary sources and their key concepts, consulting widely with people in the field of public health and cultural safety, self reflecting on the writers own personal and professional experience and finally designing the culturally safe public health research framework.

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22

Hudson, Maui. "He matatika Māori Maori and ethical review in health research : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Masters of Health Science, Auckland University of Technology, 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.

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23

Wenn, Janice. "Kaupapa hauora Māori : ngā whakaaro whakahirahira o ngā kaumātua : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Māori Studies at Te Pumanawa Hauora Research Centre for Māori Health and Development, Massey University, Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand." Massey University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/995.

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There is a requirement for all services within the New Zealand health system to be accredited with an established quality organisation and to demonstrate an ability to provide a measurable quality service to consumers. For Māori these requirements must make sense in Māori terms. This thesis is based on the view that, for Māori, the concept of health is more effectively expressed as hauora - optimal health and wellbeing for Māori. This thesis makes five contributions to Māori health and Māori health research. First, it identifies a responsive approach to engaging kaumātua effectively in the process of qualitative research. Second, it identifies a fundamental underlying conceptual framework – kaupapa hauora Māori as a means of understanding hauora – expressed in terms derived from kaumātua in Taranaki and Kahungunu. Third, it adapts this conceptual framework into an analytical research framework and then applies it to allow kaupapa hauora Māori (described in terms of worldview, values and ethics) to be identified from a range of data. Fourth, it critically analyses popular models of Māori health – Te Whare Tapa Whā, Te Wheke and Ngā Pou Mana. Finally, it proposes and details post-doctoral research that will translate kaupapa hauora Māori into a quality services framework/tool. “Kaupapa Hauora Māori” is a conceptual framework articulated by kaumātua, and has its origins in te ao Māori, from which the aronga or worldview is developed. The aronga is composed of the kaupapa or values and tikanga or ethics that provide kaumātua with the values base of hauora. These components have been identified by kaumātua and not only inform the concept of KHM but also inform the analytical research framework that is applied to the data. The values have been identified as a core set of values comprising whakapapa, wairua, whenua, whānau, tikanga te reo Māori, tinana, and hinengaro, and the associated tikanga is expressed as behaviour or ethics. These, together, influence the perception and understanding individuals have of their world and of hauora.

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24

McNeill, Hinematau. "Te hau ora o ngā kaumatua o Tuhoe a study of Tuhoe kaumatua mental wellness : a thesis submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.

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25

Gillies, Annemarie. "Kia taupunga te ngākau Māori : anchoring Māori health workforce potential : a thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Māori Studies, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/994.

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In New Zealand Māori are under-represented in the workforce across multiple sectors. This thesis explores this incongruity with regard to Māori health. A Māori perspective and philosophical foundation formed the basis of the methodological approach, utilising a case study research design to inform the study. This provided the opportunity to explore Māori health workforce development initiatives and their potential to contribute to improvements and gains in Māori health. It was important that this work take into account social and economic factors and their impact on health, as well as the varying political climates of market oriented reform and a fiscal policy focus, because it has not only challenged Māori health development but also provided opportunities for increased Māori involvement and participation in health and New Zealand society. Therefore the thesis, while focused on health takes cognisance of and, coincides with the capacity and capability building efforts that have been a feature of overall Māori development, progress and advancement. In the context of this thesis Māori health workers are seen as leaders within their whānau, hapū, iwi, and Māori communities. Consequently a potential workforce that is strong and powerful can lead to anticipated gains in Māori health alongside other Māori movements for advancement. The potential cannot be under-estimated. This thesis argues that there are critical success factors, specific determinants, influencing Māori health workforce potential, and that these success factors have wider application. Therefore, as this thesis suggests Māori workforce development, especially in relationship to the health workforce, is dependent on effective Māori leadership, the application of Māori values to workplace practices, levels of resourcing that are compatible with training and development, critical mass, and targeted policies and programmes.

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26

Schmaling, Constanze. "Modalpartikeln im Hausa: Gishirin Hausa." Universität Leipzig, 2001. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33597.

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This paper presents a syntactic analysis of the modal particles in Hausa. The research shows that modal particles may appear at all phrase and sentence borders but that they may not appear in initial position.

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27

Hauer, Judith [Verfasser]. "Geständnis und Absprache. / Judith Hauer." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1238357334/34.

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28

Haruna, Andrew. "The glottalic consonants of Hausa." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1990. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28965/.

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This thesis is concerned with the examination of the glottalic consonants of Hausa, a Chadic language spoken in northern Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Togo and Ghana. The glottalic consonants constitute a set of phonemes in the language whose historical and phonetic properties merit further investigation. The study is laid out in three parts. Part one (Chapters 1, 2 and 3) is the historical section. Here, a general overview of the Hausa language is given. Also discussed are several specific points made by pioneers of the genetic classification of Chadic within Afroasiatic and the reconstruction of glottalic consonants in both Chadic and Afroasiatic. The discussion here is not new but presents a summary of the literature. Hausa native words that have glottalic consonants are compared with possible cognates from other related Chadic languages from West, Central and East branches of Chadic and also from other Afroasiatic languages. Part two (Chapters 4 and 5) of the study concerns the investigation of phonation types in general. Chapter 4 gives a short account of the larynx, the mechanism of the vocal fold vibration and classification of phonation types. Chapter 5 is devoted to a review of instrumental techniques used in voice measurement. Part three (Chapter 6, the instrumental section) presents and discusses the results of a detailed electro- laryngographic analysis of the activity of the behaviour of the vocal folds in the production of the glottalic consonants and their non-glottalic counterparts as observed in the speech of educated native speakers of the language. The chapter begins with a review of the literature reporting early instrumental and non-instrumental studies of the segmental phonemes of the language. This is followed by a description of the techniques used to record, display and annotate both speech pressure and laryngographic waveforms. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the waveforms are presented. The most important parameter in the quantitative analysis is estimated open quotient (OQ) derived from the Lx waveforms measurements of Fundamental Frequency, duration and Voice Onset Time are also given. The chapter concludes by presenting the results of the experiment: 1 OQ increases in anticipation of plain voiceless consonants, and is relatively high at the consonantal release; 2 OQ decreases in anticipation of laryngealized consonants including the glottal stop (for most speakers) and less sharply for the ejectives; 3 OQ remains approximately at the speaker's modal value for the plain voiced consonants; 4 The laryngealized segments tend to lower pitch at the left of the consonant; and 5 They also tend to be longer than their plain counterparts.

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29

Munkaila, Muhammed M. "Indirect object constructions in Hausa." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1990. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29020/.

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This is a study of the semantics and morpho-syntax of indirect object constructions in Hausa. Hausa is a Chadic language belonging to the Afroasiatic phylum. The phenomena are investigated from both descriptive and theoretical perspectives. The theory within which this investigation is developed is the Government and Binding framework (Chomsky 1981) and subsequent works. The study looks at the two different indirect object constructions in Hausa, 'Internal' and 'External' indirect object constructions. The properties of indirect object constructions and that of the indirect object markers are examined. It is shown that the indirect object markers used in the External indirect object constructions are independent prepositions capable of assigning Case and Theta-role to their NP complements, whereas the indirect object markers used in the Internal indirect object constructions are considered to be part of the verb. In this latter case the verb and the indirect object marker together are involved in determining the ultimate Theta-role of the indirect object NP. Internal indirect object constructions are most interesting and in which I focus my investigation. The properties of constructions are then considered with respect to two major approaches recently proposed within the theory, the Syntactic Incorporation approach of Baker (1985a, 1988a) and the Lexical Incorporation approach of Di Sciullo and Williams (1987). In this thesis it will be argued that the evidence from Hausa data favour the Lexical Incorporation approach. The behaviour of both the indirect object and direct object NPs with respect to Wh-movement, NP-movement and word order facts are discussed. It is shown that in Hausa Internal indirect object constructions, the indirect object NP is freely allowed to undergo Wh-movement. In contrast, the indirect object NP cannot undergo Wh- movement in English Internal indirect object constructions and Chichewa dative applicative constructions. However, the indirect object NP in Hausa cannot undergo NP- movement. I will argue that the syntactic behaviour of the direct object end indirect object NPs is assumed to be derived through the notion Head and Feature Percolation Convention as proposed in Di Sciullo and Williams (1987) and Lieber (1980) respectively. With regard to the kind of Case parameters that the indirect object constructions employ to satisfy the Case Filter requirement, I argue that, contrary to the standard view, the direct object NP in Hausa Internal indirect object constructions is not assigned am (inherent) accusative Case. Instead, using evidence from the pronominal systems of the language, I argue that the direct object NP receives a default nominative Case. The study also presents a general overview of the morpho-syntactic behaviour and semantic interpretation associated with certain Hausa verbs when they occur before indirect object constructions. Based on semantic and syntactic evidence, it will be argued that the pre-datival suffix /-r/ used by certain verb grades is not related to the causative morpheme /-r/, contrary to both Parsons (1971/72) and Frajzyngier (1985). Finally, the study compares the syntactic behaviour of NP complements in indirect object constructions with similar NP complements in Hausa morphological causative constructions. It will be argued that both the Internal Indirect object markers and the causative affix /-r/ are lexically incorporated to the verb. However, the two affixes differ with respect to the kind of argument they introduce.

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30

Jang, Tae-Sang. "Balance and bi-partie structure in Hausea proverbs." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521191.

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There are two basic assumptions that initiated this study. The first is that Hausa proverbs, as is so often the case with many other African oral traditions, are highly abundant in poetic elements. The second is that these poetic elements can be identified and described in a systematic literary manner. The main thesis starts from a discussion of the notion of quantitative balance and bipartite structure. Hausa proverbs are normally bipartite in form and many aesthetic connotations arise from this. This will be the main thrust of Chapter 2. What follows this initial discussion is the analysis of proverbial syntax, which is the main task of Chapter 3. The particular concern addressed here is that quantitative balance is so basic a feature in Hausa proverbs that varied syntactic features are often intimately involved in enhancing it: the deleting, retaining, frontshifting, genitivising or inserting pressure upon a grammatical or lexical element can be connected to the issue of the quantitative balance. Not only does the bipartite structure produce the hypothesis of quantitative balance, but it also operates as a structural frame on which phonological balance and cohesion derived from inter-section phonological correspondence can be superimposed. As quantitative balance is often enhanced in terms of various syntactic devices, so is the phonological balance and cohesion. It is this that characterises Chapter 4. The remainder of the thesis, i.e. Chapter 5, takes up the discussion of syntactic balance due to syntactic parallelism whose realisation would also be impossible without the postulation of the notion of bipartite structure. However. this thesis addresses another issue: the definition of the proverb. It is a generally well-known fact that the proverb is the shortest form of verbal art, but the most difficult genre of oral literature to define. As a student of oral literature, I am also interested in this topic. Thus, Chapter 1 deals with the definition of the proverb through a new approach, i.e. contextual approach. Finally, I attach two appendices at the back of the thesis. Appendix 1 lists extra examples to provide more support for the arguments in the main discussion. Appendix 2 covers all the examples presented in both the main discussion and appendix 1, listing them alphabetically. Thus cross-reference may be an advantage that these two appendices can provide.

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31

Baumann, Schaul. "Die Deutsche Glaubensbewegung und ihr Gründer Jakob Wilhelm Hauer : (1881 - 1962) /." Marburg : Diagonal-Verl, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2612310&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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32

Angulu, Elizabeth Mama. "Componential analysis of Hausa verbs of motion : markedness and deixis /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1985. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10584869.

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33

Berger, Jean-Louis. "Louis Ducos du Hauron, 1837-1920, et les débuts de la photographie couleur de 1869 à 1879 /." Paris : J.-L. Berger, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35587914f.

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34

Green, Melanie Jane. "Focus and copular constructions in Hausa." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265837.

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This thesis examines the syntax of Focus constructions in Rausa within a Principles and ParameterslMinimalist framework. An analysis is presented to account for the properties of Focus-fronting constructions in Rausa as well as of 'copular' constructions which are also shown to have Focus properties. It is argued that the 'copula' found in both Focusfronting and 'copular' constructions in Rausa is not a verbal or inflectional element as argued by McConvell (1973) and Tuller (1986a) respectively, but instead the spellout of a functional category F(ocus) in the sense of Brody (1990). Chapter 1 presents an introduction to the main syntactic characteristics of Rausa, including word order, inflectional properties and case, and data surrounding Focus and related constructions. Chapter 2 presents a general introduction to the phenomenon of Focus, including typological and comparative discussion to show the various crosslinguistic syntactic manifestations of Focus. The theoretical framework is established and and pre-Minimalist literature surrounding Focus is reviewed. Chapter 3 presents the analysis, which argues for a Focus Phrase (FP) structure for Focus-fronting constructions in Rausa and discusses the advantages ofthis approach on the basis of empirical and theoretical considerations. In chapter 4 the analysis is extended to 'copular' constructions in Rausa; these apparently unrelated constructions are shown to have Focus properties and the FP analysis is argued to account for this fact in a straightforward and principled manner. Chapter 5 considers the FP analysis from a cross-linguistic perspective to see how it might account for Focus and copular constructions in a range of languages related to Rausa, and it is shown that although some languages present challenging cases for an FP analysis, there is considerable support for an approach of this nature.

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Munkaila, Mohammed M. "On Double Object Constructions in Hausa." Universität Leipzig, 2004. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33601.

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This paper examines the syntactic difference between double object NPs and indirect object NPs based on seven syntactic diagnostics. On the basis of semantic criteria the double object verbs are classified into two groups. The paper claims that the double object NPs behave both in markedly different manners from each other and from Hausa indirect object verbs.

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Ali, Saoude. "Le proverbe hausa : forme et sens." Paris, INALCO, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAL0009.

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Dans cette étude du proverbe hausa, basée sur deux corpus différemment notés, deux méthodes différentes mais complémentaires sont utilisées dans le but d'analyser l'énoncé proverbial comme un énoncé à forme et à sens non figé. Une première méthode linguistique a permis d'analyser la structure syntaxique, rhétorique et assertive de ces énoncés qu'on peut caractériser de conventionnels. Essayer de cerner le caractère linguistique du proverbe ne peut qu'améliorer son processus fonctionnel dans le discours. Une deuxième méthode socio-pragmatique a permis d'analyser le proverbe en situation d'énonciation dans un contexte naturel. Pour nous le proverbe hausa ne peut pas être dissocié du discours ayant engendré son émission. D'une part le discours permet de saisir le sens du proverbe et d'autre part, le proverbe quant à lui donne sens au discours en cherchant à le rendre plus compréhensible
Two different but additional methods are used in this study of Hausa proverb based on two differently noted corpuses. The purpose is to analyze the proverbial statement which not notion less form and sense. The first linguistics method allowed to analyze the syntactic, rhetoric and assertive structure of this statement which one can characterize of conventional. Indeed, to try to delimit the linguistics feature of the proverb can improve this functional process in the speech. The second socio-pragmatic approach allowed to analyze this conventional utterance in situation of statement in the natural context ; for as, the proverb cannot by dissociated from the speech having engendered its emission. On one hand the speech permits to seize the meaning of the proverb and on the other hand the proverb gives sense to the speech by trying to make it more comprehensive

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37

Buba, Malami. "Deixis (demonstratives and adverbials) in Hausa." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28900/.

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This thesis investigates deixis in Hausa. Specifically, it examines the deictic interpretation of Hausa demonstratives, adverbs and certain deictic particles within a systematic paradigm of referential interpretation. I show that the participant-based approach to Hausa deictic adverbials, first proposed by Jaggar and Buba (1994), can be extended to cover other (related) deictic elements. In that work, we demonstrated how the tripartite system of spatial, anaphoric and symbolic usage interacts with the speaker-proximal, speaker-distal and speaker/addressee-distal distinctions encoded by NAN- and CAN-adverbials. In this thesis, the same model is extended to explain the functional distribution of the related demonstratives WANNAN and WANCAN. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to the notion of deixis, covering its definition and various manifestations in the referential subsystems of demonstratives, adverbs (and personal pronouns). Chapter 2 addresses the speaker-proximal demonstrative and adverbial deictics (e.g. nan 'here' [near me the speaker], wannan + NP, NP-n/r- nan/nan 'this NP [near me the speaker]'). Chapter 3 is concerned with the basically addressee-proximal deictics (e.g. nan 'there [near you the addressee]', wannan / wannan + NP, NP-n/r-nan 'that NP [near you the addressee]'). In Chapter 4, I look at the speaker/addressee-distal forms (e.g. can 'there [distant from speaker and addressee]', wancan + NP, NP-n/r-can/can 'that NP [distant from speaker and addressee]'), and their remote-distal counterparts (e.g. can 'over there [remote from speaker and addressee]', wancan / wancan -i- NP, NP-n/r-can 'that NP [remote from speaker and addressee]'). The functional distribution of the pre-head and post-head demonstratives is described and explained in terms of the semantic-pragmatic notion of presuppositionality. The core claims are summarised in Chapter 5, where I briefly address the implications of the findings for the Hausa system of deixis, and for cross-linguistic deictic theory in general.

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Okkonen, J. (Jari). "Jättiläisen hautoja ja hirveitä kiviröykkiöitä — Pohjanmaan muinaisten kivirakennelmien arkeologiaa." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951427170X.

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Abstract The subject of this study is ancient stone structures found in Middle and Northern Ostrobothnia. Their shape, distribution, topography and relation to the ancient shorelines of different ages are the main themes of the research. The sites are classified into different categories according to those attributes. The function and the cultural context of the stone structures are also discussed in the study. The dating of the stone structures is based solely on shoreline chronology. A model is proposed for the of social organization of Stone Age and Early Metal Age hunter-gatherer societies in Ostrobothnia. Spatial data relating to the sites was gathered both from the field and archives. The data is discussed on two levels. The cairns, dwelling sites and Giants' Churches have been studied in the larger Ostrobothnian study area. Other stone structures i.e. dwelling depressions in stone field, pits with walls and pits in stone fields, were studied in two limited research areas in Middle and Northern Ostrobothnia. The research database contains location and attribute data from 444 cairn sites with altogether 1133 cairns. There is also data from 34 Giants' Churches and 1191 other archaeological remains. The relations between the sites and ancient shorelines were analysed with GIS applications and digital elevation models. The hypothesis is put forward that the first cairn building tradition originated in the study area by 3000-2500 cal BC. This Stone Age cairn tradition is related to the middle Neolithic "Giants? Church culture". This Cairn building tradition continued most likely without chronological gaps and gave rise to the Early Metal Age cairn tradition. The large number of cairns at the 2500 cal BC shoreline zone is clearly connected to its higher number of dwelling depressions. The explanation for the increasing number of dwelling depressions and dwelling planes of the period around 3000 and 2500 cal BC is the growth of population. Giants? Churches and cairns appear around the same time. These new features and changes in the archaeological record reflect developments which took place within the hunter-gatherer societies of Ostrobothnia. This development led to more complex social structures
Tiivistelmä Tutkimukseni aiheena ovat Keski- ja Pohjois-Pohjanmaan rannikon esihistorialliset kiinteiksi muinaisjäännöksiksi luokiteltavat kivirakennelmat. Kohteissa olevien rakennelmien muoto, sijoittuminen ympäristöön ja suhde eri muinaisrantapintoihin ovat työn keskeisiä teemoja. Kohteita ryhmitellään rakennelmien muodon, kombinaation ja topografisten piirteiden perusteella. Tarkastelussa ovat sekä rakennelmien käyttötarkoitus että kulttuurinen konteksti. Röykkiöiden ja kivirakennelmien ajoitusta hahmotellaan rannansiirtymiskronologialla. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa esitetään tulkinta tutkimusalueen kivikauden ja varhaismetallikauden yhteisöjen sosiaalisesta rakenteesta. Kohteiden paikkatiedot on koottu sekä maastokäynneillä että arkistolähteistä. Kerätyn aineiston tarkastelu tapahtuu kahdella tasolla. Röykkiöitä, asuinpaikkoja ja jätinkirkkoja tarkastellaan laajan osan Pohjanmaata kattavalla tutkimusalueella. Toinen taso on maantieteellisesti suppeampi, mutta aineistoltaan laajempi. Siinä tarkastellaan kaikkia kivirakennelmatyyppejä kahdella rajatulla tutkimusalueella Keski- ja Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla. Pohjanmaan tutkimusalueen aineisto koostuu 444:stä röykkiökohteesta, joissa on yhteensä 1133 röykkiötä. Tämän lisäksi tutkimusta varten kerättiin sijainti- ja ominaisuustiedot 34:stä jätinkirkosta ja 1191:stä muusta kiinteästä muinaisjäännöksestä. Aineiston topografisessa analyysissä tarkastellaan röykkiökohteiden sijaintikorkeutta ja sijoittumista eri muinaisrantavyöhykkeille. Kohteiden suhdetta toisiinsa ja muihin muinaisjäännöskohteisiin käsitellään lähimpään naapuruuteen perustuvassa analyysissä. Lisäksi kohteiden hierarkiaa selvitetään arvo-koko-analyysillä. Muinaisjäännöskohteiden tarkasteleminen suhteessa eri muinaisrantoihin toteutettiin GIS-paikkatietosovelluksen ja korjatun yleistetyn korkeusmallin avulla hahmottelemalla yhdeksän muinaista rantavyöhykettä. Oletuksena on, että vyöhykkeillä sijaitsevat kohteet ovat olleet merenrantasidonnaisia. Röykkiöiden rakentaminen Pohjanmaalla alkaa noin 3000-2500 eKr., ja traditio liittyy keskineoliittiseen "jättiläiskirkkokulttuuriin", kuten Aarne Europaeus vuonna 1925 kirjoittamassaan artikkelissa otaksui. Röykkiöiden määrän nousu kivikauden muinaisrantavyöhykkeillä näyttäisi liittyvän asumuspainanteiden, asuinpaikkapintojen ja jätinkirkkojen määrän nousuun. Kehityksen taustalla on rannikon metsästäjä-keräilijä-yhteisöjen sosiaalisten rakenteiden muutos. Kivikauden loppu ja varhaismetallikausi merkitsevät muutosta kohti yksinkertaisempia sosiaalisia rakenteita. Röykkiöiden rakentamisen perinne jatkui Pohjanmaalla kivikaudelta varhaismetallikaudelle, mutta rakentamisen takana ollut ideologia muuttui. Röykkiöiden määrä nousee yhdessä keittokuoppien määrän kanssa rautakauden alussa 500 eKr. tienoilla uudestaan. Mutta huippukausi jää lyhyeksi, sillä röykkiökohteiden ja muidenkin muinaisjäännösten määrät laskevat tämän jälkeen nopeasti ja lopullisesti

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39

Vlassopoulos, Irene [Verfasser]. "Der eheliche Hausrat im Familien- und Erbrecht. / Irene Vlassopoulos." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237969646/34.

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40

Berger, Jean-Louis. "Correspondance Alcide Ducos du Hauron Georges Tholin : la photographie des couleurs et l'imprimerie de 1881 à 1891 /." Paris : J.-L. Berger, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36683037z.

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Dumond, Maridat Cécile. "Recherches sur les monuments des eaux et la politique de l'eau dans le Hauran du Ier au VIIe siècles apr. J.-C." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR2014.

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L'époque comprise entre le 1er et le VIIe siècles apr. J.-C. représente une période de développement sans précédent pour le Hauran, qui se trouve alors parsemé d'un réseau de centres urbains et d'un très grand nombre de villages. La distribution de l'eau repose sur différentes catégories d'ouvrages selon son origine. Lorsqu'elle est locale, les aménagements consistent en des fontaines ou en des puits. En l'absence de ressource locale, l'eau est acheminée par des systèmes d'adduction fondés sur le captage de sources ou la dérivation de rivières temporaires. Dans le premier cas, où la ressource est pérenne, l'eau courante est délivrée dans des fontaines monumentales. En revanche, lorque l'eau acheminée est saisonnière, elle est collectée dans d'importants réservoirs à ciel ouvert (birak) ou couverts (citernes). Ces différentes catégories d'ouvrages sont généralement collectives, mais un certain nombre de citernes domestiques a été relevé. La relation spatiale parfois perceptible de certaines installations hydrauliques avec des monuments sacrés évoque également l'utilisation de l'eau à des fins religieuses. Les usages de l'eau dans la polyculture de subsistance sont généralement liés à la présence de réservoirs et de citernes disposés à la périphérie des localités. Enfin, l'existence d'établissements balnéaires témoigne de la diffusion de la conception romaine d'hygiène associée à l'otium dans les villes comme les campagnes du Hauran. L'examen des différentes catégories de monuments des eaux fait apparaître une nette différenciation du paysage monumental au sein des localités du Hauran. Les centres urbains possèdent d'importants réservoirs alimentés par dérivations de wadis et sont en outre pourvus de fontaines monumentales et de vastes édifices thermaux. Les bourgades possèdent parfois une source monumentalisée ou un établissement balnéaire. Enfin la majorité des villages se trouvent dépourvus de ces équipements à caractère urbain et ne dispose que de birak et de citernes
The time ranging between 1er and VIIe centuries A. D. represents a period of development without precedent in the Hauran, which is then strewn with a network of urban centers and a very great number of villages. The distribution of water rests on various categories of works according to its origin. When it is local, installations consist of fountains or wells. In the absence of local resource, water is conveyed by systems of adduction based on the collecting of sources or the derivation of temporary rivers. In the first case, where the resource is perennial, the running water is delivered in monumental fountains. On the other hand, when conveyed water is seasonal, it is collected in important tanks open (birak) or covered (cisterns). These various categories of works are generally collective, but a certain number of domestic cisterns was noted. The sometimes perceptible space relation between certain hydraulic installations and religious monuments also evokes the use of water in religion. The use of water in agriculture is generally related to the presence of tanks and cisterns laid out a periphery of the localities. Lastly, the existence of balneal establishments testifies to the diffusion of the Roman design of hygiene associated with otium in the cities like in the campaigns. The examination of the various categories of monuments of water reveals a clear differentiation of the monumental landscape within the localities of Hauran. The urban centers have important tanks supplied with derivations of wadis and moreover are equipped with monumental fountains and vast thermal buildings. The villages have sometimes a monumentalized source or a balneal establishement. Lastly, the majority of the villages are deprived of theses equipments and have only birak and cisterns

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Abdoulaye, Mahamane L. "The development of passive constructions in Hausa." Universität Leipzig, 1999. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32905.

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The majority of world’s languages do not have passive, and the function passive fulfills can be fulfilled by other morphosyntactic means. This situation seems to apply to the Chadic languages as well; even in Hausa, the passive construction seems to have a low functional load.

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Garba, Tijjani. "Taxation in some Hausa emirates, C. 1860-1939." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526111.

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The undertaking of this thesis, to explore the history of taxation in pre-colonial and colonial Hausaland, brings us face to face with the state systems of the two periods and the burdens (or benefits) which they imposed. The central theme of this study has been the interplay of the ideological, economic and political factors which determined taxation practices in our area. It is argued in this study that an understanding of the history of the fiscal and taxation practices of an area may throw as much light on its way of life and historical evolution as an account of its wars and conquests. The pre-colonial and the colonial tax systems have been compared and contrasted in the light of the ideological, historical and technological forces at work in the two periods. The main differences between precolonial and colonial taxation systems resulted mainly from the varying aims of the two state systems. In general, however, both pre-colonial and colonial rulers used taxation to achieve economic, social and political objectives. Both sets of rulers used taxation to impose political and economic control. The manner in which these policies were implemented and their aims achieved depended on the ideological and other orientations of the two systems. In both periods, taxes on agricultural produce constituted the mainstay of the state. In this regard, the emphasis laid on trade, as opposed to, agricultural taxes has been reduced. The burdens of taxation in the two periods have been measured, in a more or less speculative way, in the light of objective criteria and also taking account of what the people thought at the time. In the conclusion, we have made a brief review of the role of taxation in economic development.

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Ziegelmeyer, Georg. "Aspekte adverbialer Subordination im Hausa, Fulfulde und Kanuri /." Köln : Köppe, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017368884&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Muhammad-Oumar, Abdulrazzaq Ahmad. "Gidaje : the socio-cultural morphology of Hausa living spaces." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317656/.

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Hausa architecture is an important part of African indigenous architecture. In many respects its construction techniques, its wail decoration and its structural forms, have been recognised as unique. Most of the Hausa Architecture studied has been in the form of palaces, mosques and few houses of the affluent, merchants and administrators. However the bulk of the Hausa built environment is, and for long has been, composed of ordinary domestic houses that accommodate the citizens of its cities and hamlets. This work deals with Hausa architecture as found in the older parts a major Hausa urban centre; to wit the walled city of Kano. The Kano built environment is composed of several forms of architecture, but the main concern here is specifically with the Hausa domestic architecture in the walled city of Kano. The study is informed by the theoretical proposition that a correlation exists between the spatial organisation of domestic house and the social life of its inhabitants; consequently changes in one result in changes in the other and vice-versa. The study has four main objectives: to establish the basic characteristics of Hausa domestic architecture, i.e. its dominant spatial themes; to show how the resulting domestic environment is supportive of the Hausa-Islamic culture; to examine the cultural impact of colonialism on the concept of the dwelling unit and by extension, on the culture of the Hausa; and to broaden the data base of an indigenous knowledge system in the field of architecture. The principal findings of the work are: that Hausa domestic architecture as found in the walled city is conceptually of two broad types; that the design concept of these types is rooted in the Hausa socio-cultural paradigm; that the design concept is flexible enough to cater for the subcultural elements that are the hallmarks of any Hausa society; that the changes in the political, economic and social fabric of the Hausa society in its recent history have had very little effect on the spatial quality of Hausa domestic architecture.

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Yusuf, Mukhtar Abdulkadir. "Aspects of the morphosyntax of functional categories in Hausa." Thesis, University of Essex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280705.

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Barmou, Salifou. "La catégorie nominale en Hausa : comparaison avec le français." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030142.

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La categorie nominale est un domaine de la grammaire hausa qui jusqu'alors n'avait pas fait l'objet de synthese. C'est pourquoi cette etude a, a travers sept chapitres, aborde les points saillants inherents a l'etude du nom. Ainsi, apres avoir defini le nom en hausa et mis en exergue ses categories semantiques, l'etude a porte sur la morphologie ou le hausa met en oeuvre les principaux procedes morphologiques suivants : la derivation (suffixes, infixes, prefixes), l'apophonie, le scheme tonal (st), la reduplication, la composition, l'emprunt et les neologismes. Le genre (masculin et feminin) presente entre autres, une forme msculine correspondant a deux formes du feminin et des noms epicenes. L'etude du nomgre (singulier et pluriel) reste la partie la plus importante et la plus complexe de ce travail. La prediction de la forme pluriel du nom a partir de celle du nom singulier s'avere impossible. La synthese presente le syntagme nominal (sn) et la determination nominale ou plusieurs types de sn ont ete degages en fonction des differents nominaux determinants. La particule d'annexion (pan), -n -r, joue ici un role important : d'ou la structure : (sn1-pan) + sn2. La notion d'article a ete aussi largement abordee, tout comme l'analyse des phrases : d'ou les six fonctions syntaxiques suivantes qu'y joue le nom : sujet, objet, circonstant, attribut, apposition et predicat. Tous les points etudies en hausa ont, enfin, ete systematiquement compares avec les faits equivalents du francais. Cette etude montre que les deux langues presentent, en general, beaucoup de points de convergence. Les quelques points de divergence sont entre autres : l'emploi du st en hausa, la distinction entre le code oral et le code ecrit en francais. Le
The nominal category is the field of hausa grammar where no object of synthesis has been dealt with until now. It's the reason why this study has, towards seven chapiters, approached the prominent points inherent to the noun study. In this, after having defined the noun and its semantic categories, the morphology was approached where hausa uses the following main morphological processes : the derivation (suffixes, infixes, prefixes), apophony, tone pattern, redulpication, composition, loan words and neologisms. The gender (masculine, feminine) presents, for one thing, a masculine form corresponding to two feminine forms and the common gender of nouns. The study of the number is the most important and the most intricate part of this work. The prediction of a noun plural form from singular one is proved impossible. The syntax presents the nominal phrase (np) and the nominal determination where many kinds of np have been derived according to the different dependent nominals. The link element -n r plays an important fiddle : this involves the following structure : (np1-n -r) + np2. The notion of article and the analysis of sentences were widely approached. From this analysis, six syntactic nominal functions are retained : subject, object, attributive, apposition and predicate. All of the points studied in hausa have been finally compared systematically with french equivalents. This study shows that the two languages present, in general, many points of convergence. One can also underline some points of divergence like the use of tone pattern in

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Hauer, Dirk [Verfasser]. "Geldpolitik und Sachkapitalbildung. : Eine portfoliotheoretisch orientierte Analyse. / Dirk Hauer." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 1991. http://d-nb.info/1238224911/34.

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Ahmad, Said Babura. "Narrator as interpreter : stability and variation in Hausa tales /." Köln : R. Köppe, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37213730g.

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Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory. "Indigenous language usage in a digital library he hautoa kia ora tonu ai /." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2534.

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The research described in this thesis examines indigenous language usage in a digital library environment that has been accessed via the Internet. By examining discretionary use of the Māori Niupepa and Hawaiian Nūpepa digital libraries this research investigates how indigenous languages were used in these electronic environments in 2005. The results provide encouragement and optimism to people who are striving to retain, revitalise and develop the use of indigenous languages in information technologies. The Transaction Log Analysis (TLA) methods used in this research serve as an example of how web logs can be used to provide significant information about language usage in a bilingual online information system. Combining the TLA with user feedback has provided insights into how and why clients use indigenous languages in their information retrieval activities. These insights in turn, show good practice that is relevant not only to those working with indigenous languages, indigenous peoples or multilingual environments, but to all information technology designers who strive for universal usability. This thesis begins by describing the importance of using indigenous languages in electronic environments and suggests that digital libraries can provide an environment to support and encourage the use of such languages. TLA is explained in the context of this study and is then used to analyse aspects of te reo Māori usage in the Niupepa digital library environment in 2005. TLA also indicates that te reo Māori was used by international clients and this usage differed to te reo Māori usage by national (Aotearoa) clients. Findings further reveal that the default language setting of the Niupepa digital library had a considerable impact on te reo Māori usage. When the default language was set to te reo Māori not only were there more requests in te reo Māori but there was also a higher usage of te reo Māori in the information retrieval activities. TLA of the Hawaiian Nūpepa digital library indicated that the Hawaiian language was also used in a digital library. These results confirm that indigenous languages were used in digital library environments. Feedback from clients suggests reasons why indigenous languages were used in this environment. These reasons include the indigenous language content of the digital library, the indigenous language default language setting of the digital library and a stated desire by the clients to use the indigenous language. The key findings raise some interface design issues and support the claim that digital libraries can provide an environment to support the use of indigenous languages.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hauora'

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