Journal articles: 'Hatcheries'

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Murray, Carolyn E., Csaba Varga, Rachel Ouckama, and Michele T. Guerin. "Temporal Study of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Fluff Samples from Ontario Poultry Hatcheries between 2009 and 2018." Pathogens 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010009.

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The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, temporal trends, seasonal patterns, and temporal clustering of Salmonella enterica isolated from fluff samples from poultry hatcheries in Ontario between 2009 and 2018. A scan statistic was used to identify clusters of common serovars and those of human health concern. A multi-level logistic regression model was used to identify factors (poultry commodity, year, season) associated with S. enterica presence. The period prevalence of S. enterica was 7.5% in broiler hatcheries, 1.6% in layer hatcheries, 7.6% in turkey hatcheries, 29.7% in waterfowl hatcheries, and 13.8% in game-bird hatcheries. An overall increasing trend in S. enterica prevalence was identified in waterfowl and game-bird hatcheries, while a decreasing trend was identified in broiler and turkey hatcheries. Overall, the most common S. enterica serovars were Kentucky, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, and Senftenberg. Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis was the most common serovar in waterfowl hatcheries. Temporal clusters were identified for all poultry commodities. Seasonal effects varied by commodity, with the highest odds of S. enterica occurring in the summer and fall. Our study offers information on the prevalence and temporality of S. enterica serovars that might guide prevention and control programs at the hatchery level.

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Shang, Ke, Bai Wei, Se-Yeoun Cha, Jun-Feng Zhang, Jong-Yeol Park, Yea-Jin Lee, Hyung-Kwan Jang, and Min Kang. "The Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica in Hatcheries and Dissemination in an Integrated Broiler Chicken Operation in Korea." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010154.

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Positive identification rates of Salmonella enterica in hatcheries and upstream breeder farms were 16.4% (36/220) and 3.0% (6/200), respectively. Among the Salmonella serovars identified in the hatcheries, S. enterica ser. Albany (17/36, 47.2%) was the most prevalent, followed by the serovars S. enterica ser. Montevideo (11/36, 30.6%) and S. enterica ser. Senftenberg (5/36, 13.9%), which were also predominant. Thirty-six isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial tested, of which 52.8% (n = 19) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Thirty-three isolates (enrofloxacin, MIC ≥ 0.25) showed point mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. One isolate, S. enterica ser. Virchow, carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene from the breeder farm was ceftiofur resistant. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that 52.0% S. enterica ser. Montevideo and 29.6% S. enterica ser. Albany isolates sourced from the downstream of hatcheries along the broiler chicken supply chain carried the same PFGE types as those of the hatcheries. Thus, the hatcheries showed a high prevalence of Salmonella isolates with high antimicrobial resistance and no susceptible isolate. The AMR isolates from hatcheries originating from breeder farms could disseminate to the final retail market along the broiler chicken supply chain. The emergence of AMR Salmonella in hatcheries may be due to the horizontal spread of resistant isolates. Therefore, Salmonella control in hatcheries, particularly its horizontal transmission, is important.

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Shang, Ke, Bai Wei, Se-Yeoun Cha, Jun-Feng Zhang, Jong-Yeol Park, Yea-Jin Lee, Hyung-Kwan Jang, and Min Kang. "The Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica in Hatcheries and Dissemination in an Integrated Broiler Chicken Operation in Korea." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010154.

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Positive identification rates of Salmonella enterica in hatcheries and upstream breeder farms were 16.4% (36/220) and 3.0% (6/200), respectively. Among the Salmonella serovars identified in the hatcheries, S. enterica ser. Albany (17/36, 47.2%) was the most prevalent, followed by the serovars S. enterica ser. Montevideo (11/36, 30.6%) and S. enterica ser. Senftenberg (5/36, 13.9%), which were also predominant. Thirty-six isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial tested, of which 52.8% (n = 19) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Thirty-three isolates (enrofloxacin, MIC ≥ 0.25) showed point mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. One isolate, S. enterica ser. Virchow, carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene from the breeder farm was ceftiofur resistant. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that 52.0% S. enterica ser. Montevideo and 29.6% S. enterica ser. Albany isolates sourced from the downstream of hatcheries along the broiler chicken supply chain carried the same PFGE types as those of the hatcheries. Thus, the hatcheries showed a high prevalence of Salmonella isolates with high antimicrobial resistance and no susceptible isolate. The AMR isolates from hatcheries originating from breeder farms could disseminate to the final retail market along the broiler chicken supply chain. The emergence of AMR Salmonella in hatcheries may be due to the horizontal spread of resistant isolates. Therefore, Salmonella control in hatcheries, particularly its horizontal transmission, is important.

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Mou, MA, R. Khatun, and MA Farukh. "Water Quality Assessment of Some Selected Hatcheries at Shambhuganj Mymensingh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 11, no. 1-2 (October 1, 2019): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v11i1-2.43390.

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The study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals content of water in some selected hatcheries at Shambhuganj, Mymensingh. The water samples were collected from seven selected hatcheries during March to April 2019 to examine temperature, EC, TDS, DO, BOD, pH, ammonia, NO3 -, PO4 2- and heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni). The values of temperature, pH, DO, BOD, EC, TDS and ammonia were 28.5 °C, 7.9 to 8.4, 6.8 to 7.8 mg L-1, 0.1 to 0.9 mg L-1, 231.5 to 307.2 μS cm-1, 146 to 200 mg L-1 and 0.04 to o.06 mg L-1, respectively in the studied hatcheries. The NO3 - and PO4 2- content ranged from 0.48 to 0.68 mg L-1 and 0.45 to 0.63 mg L-1, respectively. Among the heavy metals, Pb was found in 5 hatcheries but the values were within the permissible limit. Other heavy metals (Cr, Cd and Ni) were not found in the studied hatcheries. The fish production of the selected hatcheries ranged from 4 to 9 metric ton. The study results revealed that all of the investigated parameters were within the permissible limit and water quality of selected hatcheries was suitable for fish culture. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 235-240 2018

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Carr, Jonathan W., and Frederick G. Whoriskey. "The escape of juvenile farmed Atlantic salmon from hatcheries into freshwater streams in New Brunswick, Canada." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 7 (January 1, 2006): 1263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.03.020.

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Abstract The escape of juvenile Atlantic salmon from freshwater hatcheries supplying the salmon farming industry may lead to interactions between wild and farmed fish. The scale of this problem, however, has not been examined in detail. We monitored temporal trends in the abundance of escaped juvenile farmed salmon in the Magaguadavic River and Chamcook Stream for several years. In addition, in 2004 we assessed more than 90% of the commercial hatcheries producing salmon smolts located next to freshwater streams in New Brunswick. Escaped juvenile fish were recorded in 75% of the streams electrofished close to hatcheries. Numbers varied by site and year. However, escaped juvenile salmon were found every year at sites near hatcheries in the Magaguadavic River and Chamcook Stream. In the Magaguadavic River, juvenile escapees outnumbered wild salmon parr in most years. These results highlight the need for implementation of a containment strategy for freshwater hatcheries to reduce escapes.

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Kotsyuk, D. V. "Artificial reproduction of pacific salmons in the Amur River basin: history, current state, prospects." Izvestiya TINRO 200, no. 3 (October 3, 2020): 530–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-530-550.

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Experience of pacific salmon artificial reproduction is discussed. Generalized data on juveniles (mostly fall chum salmon) release from hatcheries in the Amur River basin are presented. Information about the fish eggs origin (collection points) and transportation to incubation is provided. Some local features of salmon hatcheries are noted. Thus, the hatcheries in the middle Amur (Teplovsky and Bijansky) used previously the eggs collected in local tributaries of the Amur but recently, in conditions of low abundance of spawners, they transfer the eggs for incubation from fish farms located in the lower Amur. On the contrary, the hatcheries in the lower Amur (Udinsky, Gursky, and Anyuisky) collected the eggs in many dispersed sites in the beginning of their exploitation, but later, when local herds of artificial origin had appeared, they collected the eggs from producers coming to the hatcheries. This experience of eggs collection in dispersed temporary sites could be useful for periods of low stocks of pacific salmons in the Amur basin. The last such period started in 2017, so the fishery officials, as the Amur branch of Glavrybvod, can use this approach. Large transfers of chum eggs within the basin and from other rivers of the Okhotsk Sea and Japan Sea basins, presumably could affect genetic diversity, population structure and gene pool of this species. First results on evaluation efficiency of salmon hatcheries are discussed on the data of otolith marking started in 2015. Negative dependence of chum salmon catch on release of their juveniles is found: increasing of the juveniles output does not provide higher catches. Besides, the number of producers returned to hatcheries does not depend on the number of juveniles released from these hatcheries in the past, but corresponds with general dynamics of salmon stocks in the entire Amur basin. We believe that returns of chum salmon of wild and artificial origin have similar changes caused by same factors influencing on fish in the river and marine periods of their life.

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Khatun, Nafisa, Mostt Tajnova Islam, Nishat Sultana, Sonya Mrong, and Md Azizul Huq. "Present status of carp hatchery and breeding operations in Bangladesh: A review." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 4, no. 2 (August 27, 2017): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v4i2.33724.

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Carps are the main species for the aquaculture system in Bangladesh, and the production of these species completely depends on timely and adequate supply of quality seeds. In hatcheries, since middle of nineties, stock deterioration was reported because of poor brood stock management and inbreeding depression and still though both public and private hatcheries and nurseries are producing fish seeds, but there has been a growing concern over the availability of good quality seeds for sustainable fish production. For that reason, the production of quality carp spawns and fingerlings are essential for desired production of fish in Bangladesh. We reviewed the present status of carp hatcheries along with ongoing practices of breeding in different carp hatcheries for sustainable production strategies in this region.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(2): 123-129, August 2017

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Zhang, Z., R. J. Beamish, and B. E. Riddell. "Differences in otolith microstructure between hatchery-reared and wild Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-035.

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Otolith microstructure exhibited some characteristic differences between hatchery-reared and wild chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Cowichan River. Daily growth increments that formed in the otoliths of the hatchery-reared chinook salmon after exogenous feeding were more regular in width and contrast than those in the otoliths of wild chinook salmon. In addition, otoliths from hatchery-reared individuals frequently produced a check when the fish were released from the hatchery. Eighty-nine percent of a sample of 67 chinook smolts that had been coded-wire tagged in hatcheries and later captured in the Strait of Georgia were correctly identified as originating from hatcheries based on otolith microstructure. These tagged fish originated from at least 17 different hatcheries, indicating that the method could be used to identify chinook salmon originating from other hatcheries.

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Kusumawati, Daniar, Zafran Jamaris, and Titiek Aslianti. "PERTUMBUHAN IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) ANTARA BENIH HATCHERY SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DAN GENERASI KEDUA (G-2) TERSELEKSI." BERITA BIOLOGI 17, no. 1 (July 13, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v17i1.2937.

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Currently, there is a national concern regarding to the decrease of milkfish production from ponds in North Java due to a low quality of milkfish seed produced by small scale hatcheries in Bali, which is the main producer of milkfish seed. The quality of seed is strongly related to the quality of eggs (fertility), while quality of eggs produced depends on the management of brood stocks carried out by the hatcheries. Growth rate and growth hormone profiles are some of the biological aspects that could be used as a basis/benchmark to evaluate quality level of milkfish seed reared in ponds. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate growth rate and growth hormone profile performance between selected G-2 seed and small scale hatcheries seed as control population the growth rate. Research on grow-out of milkfish seed was conducted at the IMRAD ponds facility in Pejarakan, using milkfish seed produced by small scale hatcheries as well as selected second-generation (G-2) seed, each with the density of 5000 seed/pond (1 pond=0.5 ha). The seeds were fed with dry pellet and reared for 5 – 6 months. The results showed that the seed produced with standard operational procedure (SOP) by small scale hatcheries were having longer (F hit. = 13.68 > F tabel 1%) and heavier body washt (F hit. = 18.98 > F tabel 1%) better than selected G-2 seed and small scale hatcheries seed without SOP with high growth hormone concentration (F hit. = 4.95 > F tabel 5%).

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Waples, Robin S. "Dispelling Some Myths about Hatcheries." Fisheries 24, no. 2 (February 1999): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1999)024<0012:dsmah>2.0.co;2.

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Brannon, Ernest L., Donald F. Amend, Matthew A. Cronin, James E. Lannan, Scott LaPatra, William J. McNeil, Richard E. Noble, et al. "The Controversy about Salmon Hatcheries." Fisheries 29, no. 9 (September 2004): 12–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2004)29[12:tcash]2.0.co;2.

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Myers, R. A. "ECOLOGY: Hatcheries and Endangered Salmon." Science 303, no. 5666 (March 26, 2004): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1095410.

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Juarez, Lorenzo M., Allan H. Luxem, and David B. Rouse. "Sampling Shrimp Populations in Hatcheries." Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27, no. 2 (April 3, 2007): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1996.tb00273.x.

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BASAK, DOLA, FATEMA JAHAN, K. M. ABDUL HALIM, MD NAWSHAD ALI, and MD ALI REZA FARUK. "Biosecurity practices in hatcheries of high value fishes." Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries 34, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52168/bjf.2022.34.2.

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The present study was conducted to know the status of biosecurity from some commercial fish hatcheries producing high value fish seeds including gulsha (Mystus cavasius), shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) and koi (Anabas testudineus) in Mymensingh and Jessore districts. Data was collected from 90 hatcheries of each district through questionnaire interview. Biosecurity status of hatcheries was evaluated through some previously set criteria including infrastructure, restriction on entry of visitors, use of foot bath, protective clothing, hatchery hygiene, disinfection and sanitation, record keeping, hatchery personnel’s academic qualification and training. Severe lacking on some biosecurity measures were observed such as use of foot bath, restriction on visitors, record keeping system, pest control management, proper disinfection of equipment, and feed inspection. No hatchery owners were found to use any protective clothing and vaccination. Some biosecurity measures were found quite satisfactory such as good hygiene (86%), cleaning of hatchery units (100%), water quality (78%), stocking of disease free broods (77.50%) and internal quarantine procedure (80%). Hatchery owners reported some diseases in brood fishes which included gill and fin rot, abdominal distension, ulcerative hemorrhagic lesion and whitish appurtenance. Overall the biosecurity status in hatcheries was not that satisfactory. It is thus important to improve biosecurity status in fish hatcheries through updated training of hatchery personnel.

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Okorafor, Obianuju Nkiruka, Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu, Emmanuel Onyeka Nwafor, George Nnamdi Anosa, and Rita Ijeoma Udegbunam. "Multidrug-resistant enterobacteria colonize commercial day-old broiler chicks in Nigeria." March-2019 12, no. 3 (March 2019): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.418-423.

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Aim: This study was conducted to isolate generic enterobacteria from day-old broiler chicks in Nigeria, determine the antibacterial resistance profile, and assess multidrug resistance. Materials and Methods: The birds were sourced from five purposively-selected hatcheries (identified as A, B, C, D and E) in Southwest Nigeria. Non-duplicate cloacal swabs were collected from a total of 75 (15 birds per hatchery) randomly selected apparently healthy birds. Sampling was done in three batches of five chicks per batch at 2-week interval. Isolation of enterobacteria was done using MacConkey agar. The resistance of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method. Results: Of 15 processed samples of birds from each hatchery, all samples from hatcheries B, D, and E, 10 (66.7%) and 14 (93.3%) samples from hatcheries A and C, respectively, yielded pure cultures of Escherichia coli. Klebsiella was also isolated from 1 (7.1%) of the 14 and 2 (13.2%) of the 15 growth-positive samples from hatcheries C and D, respectively. The range of resistance among E. coli isolates was tetracycline (86.7-100%), ampicillin (80-100%), gentamicin (60-85.7%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (46.7-92.9%), enrofloxacin (40-100%), ciprofloxacin (26.7-86.7%), streptomycin (10-80%), cefotaxime (26.7-73.3%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (13.3-60%), and ceftazidime (6.7-40%). Klebsiella and all E. coli isolate from chicks of hatcheries B, C, and E, 80 and 93.3% of those from chicks of hatcheries A and D, respectively, exhibited resistance to three or more classes of antibacterial agents. Conclusion: Commercial day-old broiler chicks in Nigeria are colonized by multidrug-resistant coliforms (E. coli and Klebsiella) and are potential reservoirs and disseminators of these organisms.

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KHAN, ANISA S., KARLA GEORGES, SAED RAHAMAN, WOUBIT ABEBE, and ABIODUN A. ADESIYUN. "Occurrence, Risk Factors, Serotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Strains Isolated from Imported Fertile Hatching Eggs, Hatcheries, and Broiler Farms in Trinidad and Tobago." Journal of Food Protection 85, no. 2 (October 27, 2021): 266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-21-236.

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ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the occurrence, risk factors, and characteristics of Salmonella isolates recovered from imported fertile broiler hatching eggs, hatcheries, and broiler farms in Trinidad and Tobago. Standard methods were used to isolate and characterize Salmonella isolates from two broiler hatcheries and 27 broiler farms in the country. The frequency of isolation of Salmonella was 0.0% for imported fertile hatching eggs (0 of 45 pools of 10 eggs each, i.e., 450 eggs), 7.6% for hatcheries (12 of 158 samples), and 2.8% for broiler farms (24 of 866 samples) (P = 0.006). Stillborn chicks at hatcheries had the highest prevalence of Salmonella (7 of 28 samples, 28.0%), whereas on broiler farms the cloacal swabs had the highest prevalence of Salmonella (15 of 675 samples, 2.2%). None of the 15 farm management and production practices investigated were significantly associated (P > 0.05) with the isolation of Salmonella. The predominant Salmonella serotypes were Kentucky (83.3%) and Infantis (62.5%) among hatchery and farm isolates, respectively. The disk diffusion method revealed frequencies of antimicrobial resistance (i.e., resistance to one or more agents) of 44.0% (11 of 25 isolates) and 87.5% (35 of 40 isolates) at hatcheries and broiler farms, respectively (P = 0.0002). Antimicrobial resistance among hatchery isolates was highest (28.0%) to doxycycline and kanamycin and was very high (>65%) among farm isolates to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, and doxycycline. Multidrug resistance (MDR; i.e., resistance to antimicrobial agents from three or more classes) was exhibited by 4.0 and 85.7% of Salmonella isolates recovered from several environmental and animal sources at the hatcheries and farms, respectively (P < 0.0001). The high level of antimicrobial resistance and the presence of MDR among Salmonella isolates from broiler farms highlight the therapeutic implications and the potential for MDR strains to enter the food chain. HIGHLIGHTS

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Meador, James P. "Do chemically contaminated river estuaries in Puget Sound (Washington, USA) affect the survival rate of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 1 (January 2014): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0130.

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This study examined the rate of survival for hatchery-reared, ocean-type juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to the adult life stage in relation to contamination status for estuaries where they temporarily reside. The hypothesis tested here is that juvenile Chinook from Puget Sound (Washington, USA) area hatcheries exhibit differential survival as categorized by the state of contamination in their respective natal estuaries. Data were examined from 20 hatcheries that released fish to 14 local estuaries in the Greater Puget Sound area over 37 years (1972–2008). A parallel analysis was also conducted for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) outmigrating from many of the same hatcheries. For all years combined, juvenile Chinook transiting contaminated estuaries exhibited an overall rate of survival that was 45% lower than that for Chinook moving through uncontaminated estuaries, which was confirmed when tested year by year. The results for coho originating from the same hatcheries and sharing a similar marine distribution indicated no substantial differences among estuaries. These observations have important implications for wild juvenile Chinook that spend more time in the estuary compared with hatchery-reared fish.

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Stekolshchikova, M. Yu. "Spatial distribution and interannual variability of catches for pink salmon of artificial origin in the waters of eastern coast of Sakhalin Island in modern times." Izvestiya TINRO 201, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 484–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2021-201-484-504.

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Mixed herds of pink salmon including the fish of both artificial and natural origin are exploited by fishery in many areas of Sakhalin Island. To separate the fish of different origin, large-scale tagging of the juveniles otoliths is conducted at salmon hatcheries since 2008. The hatcheries contribution to pink salmon catches in certain areas of East Sakhalin (from the Langeri River to Cape Crillon) is assessed for 2011–2017 on the base of previously published and new data on occurrence of the fish with marked otoliths. The specimens were sampled from commercial catches of 5–13 fixed nets and from research catches in 5–9 rivers throughout entire spawning season. In total, 40,992 otoliths of pink salmon were collected. The otoliths were prepared for microstructure analysis using standard methods of processing. All marked otoliths had the tags of hatcheries located on the eastern coast of Sakhalin. The fish of artificial origin were caught in all examined sites between Cape Soymonov and Cape Crillon every year, but in some years their distribution was wider, up to the northern limit of the investigated area (Langeri River). The fish of artificial origin migrated to all rivers within this area. The total annual landing of the pink salmon marked at artificial hatcheries in the East Sakhalin waters was estimated as 300–10600 t, by years. The rest of the fish of artificial origin (0.4–2.3 . 106 ind.) entered to the rivers and mostly reached the spawning grounds. Long-term dynamics of landing was compared for the pink salmon of artificial and natural origin and their independence was concluded. Distribution of pink salmon originated from certain artificial hatcheries by sites of catch was rather constant that allowed to extrapolate the results for marked fish to all released pink salmon. The highest contribution of pink salmon of artificial origin was noted for catches in the Aniva Bay (23.9 %, on average), it was lower for catches at the southeastern coast of Sakhalin (13.2 %), and more lower for catches in the Patience Bay (7.6 %). Total number of pink adults of artificial origin caught on a particular stretch of coast did not depend directly on the number of pink juveniles released from a local hatchery, but was determined mainly by number of fish migrated there from other hatcheries. The landing of pink salmon originated from artificial hatcheries directly in the rivers where these hatcheries were located and at their mouths was < 10 % of the total catch of pink salmon of artificial origin. Schemes of quantitative distribution of pink salmon with marked otoliths in the waters of East Sakhalin are presented.

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RAHMAN, MD SAZEDUR, HASSAN MAHMUD RIAD, MD SAYEM MAHMUD, MST KANIZ FATEMA, and MD SHAHJAHAN. "Farmers’ perception on quality of fish feed, brood stock and fingerling produced in commercial fish farms of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries 32, no. 1 (July 4, 2020): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52168/bjf.2020.32.16.

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In Bangladesh, aquaculture has expanded, diversified, intensified and technologicallyadvanced due to the decline in fish production from the open water natural sources. Quality seedsare prime requirements for aquaculture production. Quality of seeds depends on the quality ofbroods used for spawning. Breeding performance depends on the quality of feeds and feedingmanagement during brood stock rearing. The present study focused on the evaluation of qualityof feed used in the fish farms, the performance of brood stock and fingerlings of selected carp,catfish and perch farmed in Bangladesh through a survey. On the basis of top fish productiondistricts, we divided the whole country into four hubs, such as Mymensingh, Jashore, Cumillaand Rajshahi. Data were collected from 300 individual respondents of commercial fish farms, 75from each hub. It has been found that most of the farm owners (91%) used commercial feedinstead of homemade feed, though a considerable number of respondents replied that quality ofhomemade feed was better than commercial feed. Although most of the farm owners collect fryfrom private/own hatcheries (69%), a considerable number of grow out farms owners replied thatthe fry of government hatcheries/brood bank, river and BFRI were better than private hatcheriesin terms of growth performance, disease resistance and survivability. Therefore, for sustainableaquaculture, farm owners should be careful for the selection of feed, brood and fingerling.

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Sembiring, Sari Budi Moria, Gigih Setia Wibawa, Ketut Mahardika, Zeny Widiastuti, and Haryanti Haryanti. "PREVALENSI INFEKSI VIRAL NERVOUS NECROSIS (VNN) DAN IRIDOVIRUS PADA HATCHERI DAN BUDIDAYA IKAN LAUT." Media Akuakultur 13, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ma.13.2.2018.83-90.

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Piscine nodavirus sebagai penyebab penyakit VNN (Viral Nervous Necrosis) dan iridovirus merupakan jenis virus yang dikenal menjadi penyebab utama kematian ikan laut yang dibudidayakan. Virus ini mampu menginfeksi ikan dari ukuran benih sampai ukuran konsumsi dan dalam waktu dua minggu, kematian mencapai 80% sampai 100%. Pada pembenihan larva dan benih ikan dalam skala rumah tangga ataupun hatcheri lengkap di sepanjang pantai di wilayah Bali Utara sering mengalami infeksi VNN dan iridovirus Namun, informasi terjadinya infeksi belum didata dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh data dan informasi mengenai peta infeksi atau serangan virus pada pembudidaya/pembenihan ikan sepanjang tahun 2017 di Bali Utara. Sampling dilakukan pada bulan Februari, Mei, Agustus, dan Oktober. Di samping melakukan sampling, juga dilakukan input data dari hasil analisis sampel di laboratorium bioteknologi yang diperoleh dari pemilik hatcheri/pembudidaya ikan. Analisis VNN menggunakan metode IQPlus sedangkan analisis iridovirus dengan metode PCR konvensional dengan primer spesifik. Parameter yang diamati adalah prevalensi VNN dan iridovirus dari setiap hatcheri dan keramba jaring apung. Sebagai data penunjang pengukuran parameter kualitas air berupa suhu, salinitas, amoniak, dan nitrit yang dilakukan pada saat pengambilan sampel benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat infeksi VNN di hatcheri Bali utara terjadi di bulan September sebesar 33,3% dan iridovirus pada bulan Agustus mencapai 18,61%. Sedangkan tingkat prevalensi VNN tertinggi di KJA terjadi pada bulan Oktober mencapai 83,4% dan puncak infeksi iridovirus terjadi di bulan Februari dengan nilai prevalensi sebesar 50,0%.VNN and iridovirus are viral diseases causing the highest mortality in mariculture. These viruses are able to infect eggs, larvae, juveniles and even marketable size fish. They can cause 80% to 100% mortality in just two weeks. Larvae or fingerlings in small or big scale hatcheries in Northern Bali were frequently infected by VNN or Iridovirus. Unfortunately, information about the local disease outbreaks was not well documented. The aim of this research was to collect data and information about the infection of these viruses in hatcheries and floating net cage mariculture in Northern Bali during 2017. Sampling was conducted in February, May, August, and October, 2017. In addition to the primary data from the field activities, disease infection secondary dataset from the fish farmers who analyzed their infected fish in our laboratory were also used. The identification of VNN infection was performed following IQPlus method while Iridovirus was tested using the conventional PCR method with specific primers. The parameters observed were the VNN and Iridovirus prevalence in each hatchery and floating net cage. Water quality parameters were measured in situ such as temperature, salinity, ammonia, and nitrite. The results showed that infection of VNN in hatcheries at Northern Bali, the highest infection was found in September as high as 33.3% and Iridovirus in August at 18.61%. While in Floating Net Cage the highest infection for VNN was found in October with value of 83.4% and Iridovirus was found in February with value of 50.0%.

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Valdebenito, Iván I., Patricia C. Gallegos, and Brian R. Effer. "Gamete quality in fish: evaluation parameters and determining factors." Zygote 23, no. 2 (November 15, 2013): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199413000506.

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SummaryThe quality of fish gametes, both male and female, are determined by several factors (age, management, feeding, chemical and physical factors, water quality, etc.) that have an impact on the survivability of embryos, larvae and/or fry in the short or long term. One of the most important factors is gamete ageing, especially for those species that are unable to spawn naturally in hatcheries. The chemical and physical factors in hatcheries and the nutrition that they provide can significantly alter harvest quality, especially from females; as a rule, males are more tolerant of stress conditions produced by inadequate feeding, management and/or poor water conditions. The stress produced on broodstock by inadequate conditions in hatcheries can produce adverse effects on gamete quality, survival rates, and the embryonic eggs after hatching.

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McMullin, Paul F. "Hygiene and Microbiological Control in Hatcheries." Avian Biology Research 2, no. 1-2 (April 2009): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815509x431885.

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Raloff, Janet. "Salmon Hatcheries Can Deplete Wild Stocks." Science News 159, no. 22 (June 2, 2001): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3981712.

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SAMBERG, Y., and M. MEROZ. "Application of disinfectants in poultry hatcheries." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 14, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.14.2.849.

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Pitt, William C., and Michael R. Conover. "Predation at Intermountain West Fish Hatcheries." Journal of Wildlife Management 60, no. 3 (July 1996): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802080.

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Oostlander, P. C., J. van Houcke, R. H. Wijffels, and M. J. Barbosa. "Microalgae production cost in aquaculture hatcheries." Aquaculture 525 (August 2020): 735310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735310.

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Rönnbäck, P., M. Troell, T. Zetterström, and D. E. Babu. "Mangrove dependence and socio-economic concerns in shrimp hatcheries of Andhra Pradesh, India." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 4 (December 2003): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000365.

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There are many environmental and socio-economic concerns about the shrimp aquaculture industry. This study, based on interviews, direct observations and literature reviews, shows that the Indian hatchery industry is heavily dependent upon the continuous support of natural resources and ecosystem services generated by marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. The mangrove ecosystem support area (‘ecological footprint’) needed to supply the hatcheries with Penaeus monodon shrimp broodstock, and the aquaculture grow-out ponds with postlarvae, exemplify the dependence on external ecosystems. Each hectare of mangrove in the Godavari River delta generated an annual fisheries catch of 0.8–1.5 P. monodon spawners (gravid females), valued at US$ 92–184. The entire Godavari mangrove delta had a partial gross economic value of US$ 3.0–6.0 million per year for the provision of shrimp spawners alone. The average hatchery, producing 75 million postlarvae annually, had an ecological footprint of 534 ha mangrove for the life-support input of shrimp spawners. The ecological footprint of intensive shrimp ponds was up to 11 times the pond area for postlarval input alone. The shrimp ponds in the State of Andhra Pradesh needed 35 000–138 000 ha of mangroves to satisfy the spawner requirement to hatcheries, and this implied a need to appropriate mangroves in other regions. Hatcheries were prepared to pay up to US$ 2000 for a single shrimp spawner, which also illustrated that the mangrove support areas regionally available were too small. Other concerns about the industry are the net loss of employment if hatcheries replace wild postlarvae collection, the extensive use of groundwater creating direct resource-use conflicts, by-catch problems in broodstock fisheries, and pollution by effluents. The risk of hatcheries introducing, amplifying and propagating disease affecting both cultured organisms and wild biota is another concern that can, and should, be addressed.

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Hart, Catherine E., Alan A. Zavala-Norzagaray, Odin Benítez-Luna, Luis Javier Plata-Rosas, F. Alberto Abreu-Grobois, and Cesar P. Ley-Quiñonez. "Effects of incubation technique on proxies for olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) neonate fitness." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 4 (2016): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003072.

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Sea turtles and their nests face multiple threats on nesting beaches. Techniques have been developed to mitigate threats, these include relocating nests to fenced-off hatcheries or polystyrene boxes. The alteration of the nest’s natural environment may have direct effects on hatchling phenotype and locomotor performance. To test the effects of these two incubation conditions on proxies for hatchling fitness, we analysed locomotor performance (time to crawl 3 m and righting response) and phenotypic measures (weight and carapace length and width) of olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) hatchlings. We found that mean temperature was higher in hatcheries (30.5°C) than in polystyrene boxes (29.9°C) and that hatchlings incubated in polystyrene boxes had smaller straight carapace length (39.2 mm ± 2.0) and were significantly slower in crawl speed (CS) (0.0107 m s−1 ± 0.005) than those from hatcheries (SCL = 40.7 mm ± 1.3; CS = 0.018 m s−1 ± 0.005).

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Sau, Fatimah, Ma'mun Sarma, and Wini Trilaksani. "Penerapan Cara Pembenihan Ikan yang Baik dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja UMKM Pembenihan Udang di Kabupaten Barru, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan." MANAJEMEN IKM: Jurnal Manajemen Pengembangan Industri Kecil Menengah 12, no. 1 (September 6, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/mikm.12.1.15-24.

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Shrimp is one of the leading commodity of fishery sector in Indonesia because the number of export increasing the foreign exchange for this country. In globalization era, business has fierce competition, so that the quality is a keyword to succeed. Therefore, shrimp hatcheries must be certified. The objectives are to: (1) study the related Good Hatchery Practices (GHP) regulation, (2) Analyze the relationship of application of GHP on shrimp hatchery performances, (3) measure the performance of shrimp hatcheries, (4) identify the Gap of the application of GHP. Content analysis, multiple regression analysis and important-performance analysis (IPA) was used to process the data. Result of content analysis showed that there were no regulation contain the obligation that every farmer must be certified in order to control the seed shrimp quality. Result of multiple regression analysis revealed that the application of GHP had positive impact on shrimp hatchery performances and the most influence factors were food safety and environment. Important-performance analysis showed that the best performance was the availability of adequate production equipment. Average production after applied the GHP principles showed that production increased by 19%. Level of concordance between expectation and performance on hatcheries to meet customer satisfaction and consistency of GHP implementation showed a negative gap value by -1.118, overall performance on hatcheries have not meet customer satisfaction and inconsistent implementing GHP principles

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Lima, Ana Patrícia Souza de, Suzianny Maria Bezerra Cabral da Silva, Karine Kelly Cavalcanti Oliveira, Rodrigo Maggioni, and Maria Raquel Moura Coimbra. "Genetics of two marine shrimp hatcheries of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in Pernambuco, Brazil." Ciência Rural 40, no. 2 (January 22, 2010): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782010005000008.

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The shrimp industry has grown significantly over the past 10 years in Brazil, especially the farmed production of the exotic Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. In 2004, this industry was marked by a productivity crisis, which stirred interest towards genetic improvement of shrimp stocks. Shrimp breeders importation was banned in Brazil by a govern Normative Instruction in 1997, as a sanitary precaution. Since then, broodstock replacement in hatcheries has been based on domestic stocks, raising concerns on the decline of genetic diversity and if the existing diversity would allow effective genetic improvement programs. In the present research, genetic parameters such as number of alleles, effective allele number, expected and observed heterozygosities, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation index and deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium have estimated of two important commercial hatcheries in Northeast Brazil, genotyping 5 microsatellite loci. Effective allele number (3 to 10.5) and average observed and expected heterozygosities (0.480 and 0.680) were consistent with those reported for cultured and wild Penaeid populations. However, F IS positive values (0.381 for hatchery A and 0.249 for hatchery B) reflected a significant heterozygous deficiency within hatcheries (P<0.01). Nevertheless, we concluded that even after ten years of limited genetic input, it has been possible to maintain a high level of genetic variability, possibly due to the wide diverse origin of the founder broodstocks and the constant breeders exchange among hatcheries.

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Kurgansky, G. N. "Сurrent state of artificial reproduction of chum salmon in Primorye Region." Izvestiya TINRO 201, no. 3 (October 6, 2021): 686–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2021-201-686-701.

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Results of 4 salmon hatcheries operation in Primorye Region are overviewed. Dynamics of chum salmon producers return to the rivers is presented for 4 last years. Recent tendency of shifting the peak of return from middle October to late September — early October is noted both for the rivers flowing into Peter the Great Bay (Barabashevka) and for the rivers of central Primorye (Verbnaya and Milogradovka). High percentage of producers aged 2+ was observed in the hatchery rivers in some years (32.9 % in the Barabashevka in 2019, 31.0 % in the Verbnaya in 2020, 37.8 % in the Bezymyanny in 2020). Interannual fluctuations in the number of producers return are possibly caused by malfunctions of hatcheries. A problem of water supply to the hatcheries is considered. Expediency of temperature control at hatcheries is shown. Data on release of chum salmon juveniles in the last decade are presented for each hatchery: the number of juveniles released, the average weight of juveniles, and the timing of release. Total release to the Barabashevka River was 119.29 . 106 juveniles, to the Ryazanovka — 114.24 . 106 juveniles, to the Poyma — 49.43 . 106 juveniles, to the Narva — 6.02 . 106 juveniles, to the Brusya — 3.11 . 106 juveniles, to the Verbnaya — 69.66 . 106 juveniles, to the Milogradovka — 1.00 . 106 juveniles, to the Lidovka — 1.71 . 106 juveniles, to the Bezymyanny — 69.45 . 106 juveniles, and 2.00 . 106 juveniles each to the Kievka and Margaritovka Rivers.

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Islam, MS, MS Rahman, MM Haque, and S. Sharmin. "Economic study on production and marketing of shrimp and prawn seed in Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2012): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11037.

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Shrimp farming and related activities contribute significantly to the national economy of Bangladesh. Successful shrimp culture depends mainly on the availability of healthy and quality shrimp seeds. The present study was designed to analyze the production and marketing system of shrimp seed in Bangladesh. A total sample of 80 stakeholders comprising each of 20 operators of bagda and golda hatcheries, and each of 20 shrimp seed traders and faria (bapari) were selected purposively. Data and information mainly on shrimp seed production and marketing were collected for 2009-2010 from Coxs Bazar and Jessore districts depending upon the concentration of hatcheries established for shrimp seed production. In most cases tabular method of analysis and flow diagram were used. The average sizes of bagda and golda hatcheries were 2.6 and 2.9 acres and the corresponding productions were 430 and 250 million PL per year in Coxs Bazar and Jessore districts respectively. Per hatchery per year total costs, gross returns and net returns were Tk 50.2 and 19.6 million; Tk 90 and 56.3 million; and Tk 39.6 and 36.7 million in Coxs Bazar, and Jessore districts respectively. Shrimp seed production is capital intensive and it is risky business. Although shrimp seed production cost is very high but the farm could earn higher profit by ensuring better culture and management. Marketing channel and distribution system of shrimp seed were identified in the present study. Shrimp seed passed from hatcheries to shrimp farmers followed by sequence of intermediaries. Hatcheries directly sell about 80% shrimp seed to aratdar and rest 20% to shrimp seed traders but in case of shifting shrimp seed by cargo plane almost all are sold to aratdar in sale centre. The aratdar is a commission agent who has a fixed establishment and helps the traders (beparies) to sell their products and usually charges a fixed commission of Tk 25-30 per 1000 PL sales revenue. However, less number of intermediaries was involved in shrimp seed marketing. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11037 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 247256, 2011

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Sambyal, D. S., K. K. Baxi, and R. C. Katcoh. "A Study of the Mycoflora of Hatcheries." Mycoses 24, no. 5 (April 24, 2009): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1981.tb01873.x.

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Corey, Philip D., and Marshall J. English. "Optimization of feeding schedules in salmon hatcheries." SIMULATION 44, no. 2 (February 1985): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003754978504400204.

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LITTLE, D., M. SKLADANY, and R. RODE. "Small-scale hatcheries in north-east Thailand." Aquaculture Research 18, no. 1 (January 1987): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1987.tb00122.x.

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Papandroulakis, Nikos, Papaioannou Dimitris, and Divanach Pascal. "An automated feeding system for intensive hatcheries." Aquacultural Engineering 26, no. 1 (March 2002): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8609(01)00091-7.

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37

Cobcroft, Jennifer M., and Stephen C. Battaglene. "Skeletal malformations in Australian marine finfish hatcheries." Aquaculture 396-399 (June 2013): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.02.027.

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Hasan, Mahmud, Md Mofizur Rahman, Anwar Hossain, and Md Golam Rabbane. "Sperm And Egg Quality In Catla And Rui Between Spawning Seasons In Bangladesh." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 40, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v40i2.46021.

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Sperm and egg quality of catla Catla catla and rui Labeo rohita were investigated in Brahmaputra and Sarker Hatchery, Mymensingh, Bangladesh over two spawning seasons as early (March to May) and peak (June to August ). In both hatcheries, catla and rui produced nearly 90% motile sperms as well as higher sperm concentration (catla: Brahmaputra hatchery. 2533.33 ± 119.65 million mL-1 and Sarker hatchery, 2658.89 ± 76.55 million mL-1; rui: Brahmaputra hatchery, 2856.67 ± 67.57 million mL-1 and Sarker hatchery, 2811.67 ± 51.90 million mL'1), seminal pH (catla: Brahmaputra hatchery, 7.41 ± 0.06 and Sarker hatchery, 7.41 ± 0.06; rui: Brahmaputra hatchery, 7.39 ± 0.05 and Sarker hatchery, 7.35 ± 0.05) and fertilizability in catla were 88% and In rui 92% in both hatcheries in the peak season. The occurrence of opaque eggs in catla and rui was 12% and 8% in both hatcheries in the peak season, respectively. The present study points to the fact that the quality of fish sperm and egg depends on seasons Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 231-241, December 2014

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39

Ryding, Kristen E., and John R. Skalski. "Multivariate regression relationships between ocean conditions and early marine survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 2374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-177.

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Washington State hatcheries have released coded wire tagged coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) since the early 1970s and have recorded data on the number and ages of adult returns. From these data, we isolated marine survival from release to age 2 using a multinomial model incorporating the multivariate structure of the age-at-return data. Only hatcheries on or near the coast were used in the analysis in order to isolate marine effects. Using models to explore linear and curvilinear relationships, early marine survival was regressed against environmental covariates of sea surface temperature (SST), coastal upwelling, and the date of spring transitions. With hatcheries serving as replicates, curvilinear relationships were found between survival and both June SST and the date of spring transition. Maximum survival occurred for a June SST of 13.45°C and for a spring transition date around April 2. The regression results support the idea of optimal environmental conditions for coho salmon survival and may help fisheries managers better understand the dynamics of early marine survival of salmonids.

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Islam, Md Samadul, Abdulla Al Asif, Baadruzzoha Sarker, Abdus Satter, Meraz Ahmed, Mizanur Rahman, Md Abu Zafar, and SM Rahmatullah. "Fry production and its marketing system of North-West fisheries extension project at Parbatipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 3, no. 3 (November 28, 2017): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v3i3.34527.

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In order to understand the present status of hatcheries, questionnaire interview and participatory rural appraisal tools were used in North-west Fisheries Extension Project (NFEP), Parbatipur during the period from July to December 2015. There are two hatcheries in NFEP, Parbatipur- a carp hatchery and a prawn hatchery. The production of spawn was around 611 kg in the year 2015. According to the target hatchery manager collected brood fish from rivers and other sources which he maintained in their brood stock ponds with proper management. The hatchery manager maintained proper age and weight of broods for spawning and followed the guideline of hatchery operation so that the quality of spawn and fry were good. It was found that the hatcheries produced fish seed of a variety of species such as Indian major carps, carpio, sarpunti, silver carp, grass carp, magur, shing as well as freshwater prawn. The hatchery production activities took place starting from February and continued up to September. The quantity of fish seed produce varied from 25 to 75 kg per hatching cycle depending on size and facilities of hatcheries. The price of fry in NFEP was being fixed by the hatchery manager. However, the price variation was seen due to seasonal variation, species and demand. The average price of fish seed was highest in monsoon and lowest in winter. A number of middlemen were involved in the fry marketing channel of NFEP at Parbatipur. They were responsible for increasing the price of fry at each stage of marketing channel.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2017, 3(3): 368-378

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Kline, Jr., Thomas C., and T. Mark Willette. "Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) early marine feeding patterns based on 15N/14N and 13C/12C in Prince William Sound, Alaska." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 1626–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-126.

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Nitrogen and carbon mass and stable isotope composition among cohorts of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) released from Prince William Sound, Alaska, hatcheries in 1994 varied widely, suggesting a range in early marine feeding patterns. Analyses consisted of whole-body stable carbon and nitrogen mass and stable isotope composition of selected release-date cohorts that had been identified by implanted coded wire tags (CWT). Nitrogen isotopic and mass shifts suggested that the initial protein pool within individual fish was replaced at different rates among cohorts. There was a notable difference in carbon source dependency among hatcheries. Salmon from the hatchery closest to the Gulf of Alaska had a 13C-depleted carbon signature consistent with Gulf carbon, whereas salmon from the other hatcheries had Sound signatures. Differences in early marine feeding histories among 1994 hatchery-release-date cohorts reconstructed from the stable isotope composition of fry bore no relationship to marine survival pattern. Varied survival rates of 1994 Prince William Sound hatchery salmon were more likely related to the fry size at time of release, the observed differences in growth rate among release cohorts, and predation refuge effects of pen-rearing.

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A., Habib K., Al-Mukhtar E. A., and Al-Shammari R. H. "Characterization of Saprolegnia spp. isolates from infected eggs, fry and adults of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. based on molecular data in Al-Manahel and Al-Wahda fish hatcheries, in middle of Iraq." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2014.8.1.313.

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The aim of this study was to identify Saprolegnia spp. isolated from inffected common carp Cyprinus carpio L. eggs and fry in two fish hatcheries (Al-Manahel and Al-Wahda) in the middle part of Iraq, during the period from March-June 2009. It was evident from molecular diagnosis (PCR Technique) that isolates of the genus Saprolegnia, shared one feature (production of secondary zoospores with long hooked hairs). These isolates were divided into four groups based on the findings of molecular diagnostics PCR. Isolates of Saprolegnia spp. were characterized genetically and physiologically. The majority (25 from45) of the isolates in both hatcheries were almost genetically identical as assessed by RAPD-PCR. The remaining isolates belonged to three different groups.

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Sturman, Nicholas, Kwanreun Lawanwong, Nuttapol Kitdee, and Devchand Chodhry. "Vietnam: Shell Nuclei, Pearl Hatcheries, and Pearl Farming." Gems & Gemology 56, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 402–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/gems.56.3.402.

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Rehman, Saima, Adnan Hussain Gora, Irshad Ahmad, and Sheikh Irfan Rasool. "Stress in Aquaculture Hatcheries: Source, Impact and Mitigation." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 10 (October 20, 2017): 3030–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.357.

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Autore, David E., William W. Shaw, and William J. Matter. "The Educational and Recreational Potential of Fish Hatcheries." Fisheries 12, no. 5 (September 1987): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1987)012<0014:tearpo>2.0.co;2.

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MULLER, JD, CR WILKS, JD HUMPHREY, and P. GRANT. "Surveillance for aquabirnavirus in fish hatcheries in Victoria." Australian Veterinary Journal 78, no. 7 (July 2000): 493–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb11871.x.

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Craven, S. E., N. A. Cox, N. J. Stern, and J. M. Mauldin. "Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in Commercial Broiler Hatcheries." Avian Diseases 45, no. 4 (October 2001): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1592887.

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Prado, Susana, Jesús L. Romalde, and Juan L. Barja. "Review of probiotics for use in bivalve hatcheries." Veterinary Microbiology 145, no. 3-4 (October 2010): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.021.

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Karunasagar, Indrani, M. M. Shivu, S. K. Girisha, G. Krohne, and Iddya Karunasagar. "Biocontrol of pathogens in shrimp hatcheries using bacteriophages." Aquaculture 268, no. 1-4 (August 2007): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.049.

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Oh, M. J., S. J. Jung, S. I. Kitamura, H. Y. Kim, and S. Y. Kang. "Viral diseases of olive flounder in Korean hatcheries." Journal of Ocean University of China 5, no. 1 (January 2006): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02919372.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hatcheries'

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