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Journal articles on the topic 'Harvesting methods'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Perepravo, Nikolaj, Vladimir Zolotarev, Aleksej Ševcov, Jurij Ahlamov, Sergej Otroško, Nikolaj Šarikov, Vladimir Kosolapov, Andrzej Marczuk, and Jacek Caban. "Improvement of Harvesting Methods of Perennial Seed Grass." Agricultural Engineering 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2016-0074.

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Abstract In case of traditional harvesting methods the losses of perennial grass seeds may reach 45-50% of the biological yield in unfavourable weather conditions. The paper presents the results of comparative assessment efficiency of various methods of harvesting of perennial seed grass. It was found that the use of special devices and structures in combine harvesters allows increase of yield of technological mixture to the combine tank, degree of seed threshing to 93% and limit the losses of crop to 20-29%. Harvesting of seeds in non-waste technology with harvesting of the entire yield with later transport, drying, threshing and seeds cleaning in stationary devices results in reduction of losses by 5 to 10% but it leads to the increase of energy inputs by 24-25% in comparison to traditional with threshing method. Harvesting with a combing method of plant seeds on a trunk in „Невейки” technology results in the increase of the seeds harvesting to 86-98% of a biological yield.

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2

Siira-Pietikäinen, Anne, Janna Pietikäinen, Hannu Fritze, and Jari Haimi. "Short-term responses of soil decomposer communities to forest management: clear felling versus alternative forest harvesting methods." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-148.

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We studied the short-term responses of decomposers to different forest harvesting methods in a boreal spruce forest (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). We hypothesised that the less intensive the forest harvesting method is, the fewer changes occur in the decomposer community. The treatments, in addition to untreated controls, were (1) selection felling (30% of the stand volume removed), (2) retention felling (tree patches retained), (3) clear felling, (4) gap felling without and (5) with harrowing. Microbial community structure (phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) pattern) changed in the first year, microbial biomass and basal respiration decreased in the second year, and density of the enchytraeid worm Cognettia sphagnetorum (Vejd.) increased in the third year after the clear felling. The community of collembolans did not respond to forest harvestings. Although there were changes in the microbial community, the invertebrates at higher trophic levels did not parallelly respond to these changes. The selection felling had no influence on the decomposers, while the gap fellings induced an increase in the numbers of enchytraeids in harvested gaps. We conclude that the decomposers of the coniferous forest soils are well buffered against initial environmental changes resulting from forest harvesting, and also that the PLFA pattern is a sensitive indicator of changes in the microbial community induced by forest harvesting.

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3

SEKI, Masahiro, Naotaka HAYASHI, and Shoji MORIIZUMI. "Study on Chinese yam harvesting works 1. Many kinds of harvesting methods." Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research 29, no. 1 (1994): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.29.28.

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4

Byblyuk, N., O. Styranivsky, V. Korzhov, and V. Kudra. "Timber harvesting in the ukrainian carpathians: Ecological problems and methods to solve them." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 7 (July 26, 2010): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/111/2009-jfs.

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The paper contains results of comparative investigations of crawler and wheeled skidders regarding their effect on soil surface, undergrowth and rut formation during mountain timber harvesting. It was shown that the extent of erosion resulting from damage to the soil surface depends on the steepness and length of slopes during both construction of skidding tracks and skidding by tractors. Considering the current condition of development of timber harvesting machinery, the use of crawler machines is the main method for transportation of cargos in regions with difficult access.

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5

Kluender, Richard A., and Bryce J. Stokes. "Productivity and Costs of Three Harvesting Methods." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/18.4.168.

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Abstract Three stands were harvested by either clearcut, shelterwood, or single-tree selection methods. The single-tree selection method consisted of a light thinning in an even-aged stand as the initial basal area reduction cut required to convert the stand to uneven-aged structure. The contractor used two skidders (one grapple, one choker) and production chain saws to harvest all three tracts. Harvested sites were all similar in slope (10-15%), average dbh (12-14 in.), and preharvest number of stems by dbh. In the felling study, fell, walk, and limb-top time were all greater for the single-tree selection method. Time to process a tree was lowest for the clearcut, intermediate for shelterwood, and highest for single-tree selection method. For skidding, bunch building time was highest for the single-tree selection and lowest for the clearcut method. Average volume per cycle was consistently higher for the grapple skidder than the choker skidder; volume per cycle was lowest for the single-tree selection and highest for the clearcut method for both skidders. Time per cycle was consistently lower for the grapple skidder than the cable skidder. Time per cycle was lowest for the clearcut and highest for the single-tree selection method. Factors that affected felling productivity (in decreasing order) were: dbh of harvested stems, intertree distance, and method of harvest. Factors that affected skidding productivity (in decreasing order) were: skidder type, pull distance, average volume per cycle, and the method of harvest. Costs of felling and skidding were highest on the single-selection stand and lowest on the clearcut stand. Total percentage of stand area trafficked was lowest for the single tree stand. However, the total area disturbed to meet a wood procurement budget was lowest for the clearcut and highest for the single-tree method. South. J. Appl. For. 18(4): 168-174.

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6

BOUMAIZ, Marwa, M. EL GHAZI, S. MAZER, M. FATTAH, A. BOUAYAD, M. EL BEKKALI, and Y. BALBOUL. "Energy harvesting based WBANs: EH optimization methods." Procedia Computer Science 151 (2019): 1040–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.04.147.

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7

Pirwitz, Kristin, Liisa Rihko-Struckmann, and Kai Sundmacher. "Comparison of flocculation methods for harvesting Dunaliella." Bioresource Technology 196 (November 2015): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.032.

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8

Griffin, S. M., D. Alderson, and J. R. Farndon. "Comparison of harvesting methods for islet transplantation." British Journal of Surgery 73, no. 9 (September 1986): 712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800730913.

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9

Wang, Guofu, Wei Zhang, Xingliang Diao, Min Ji, Benhua Fei, and Hu Miao. "Analysis of Harvesting Methods of Moso Bamboo." Buildings 13, no. 2 (January 29, 2023): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020365.

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Bamboo is widely used as an excellent engineering material in construction and furniture. The harvesting equipment and the bamboo application process need to be integrated better. According to the application requirements of the original bamboo structure building, the mechanism and practical experience of bamboo harvesting were analyzed using field experiments in bamboo forests and the finite element method. The operation stability and the side-face planeness of the saw were the direct factors affecting bamboo cutting quality. Further, the indirect factors were the clamp saw effect on the cutting surface, the hollow structure and diaphragm of bamboo, the density and moisture, and the swarf pocket.

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10

Ghaffariyan, Mohammad Reza, and Eloïse Dupuis. "Analysing the Impact of Harvesting Methods on the Quantity of Harvesting Residues: An Australian Case Study." Forests 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091212.

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Many parameters can influence the weight of harvesting residues per hectare that remain on plantation sites after extracting sawlogs and pulpwoods. This study aimed at quantifying the impact of the cut-to-length and whole-tree harvesting methods on the weight of harvesting residues using 26 case studies in Australian plantations. A database was created using case studies conducted in different plantations, to measure the weight of harvesting residues per hectare and the components of harvesting residues. An analysis of variance was applied to test the impact made by the harvesting methods. The results confirmed that the cut-to-length harvesting method produced a larger weight of residues (104.0 tonnes of wet matter per hectare (tWM/ha) without additional biomass recovery and 64.7 tWM/ha with additional biomass recovery after sawlog/pulpwood extraction) than the whole-tree harvesting method (12.5 tWM/ha). The fraction test showed that stem wood formed the largest proportion of the harvesting residues in cut-to-length sites and needles were the largest component of the pine harvesting residues in sites cleared by the whole-tree harvesting method. The outcomes of this study could assist plantation managers to set proper strategies for harvesting residues management. Future research could study the impact of product type, silvicultural regime, stand quality, age, equipment, etc., on the weight of harvesting residues.

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11

Wang, Jinwu, Xiaobo Sun, Yanan Xu, Wenqi Zhou, Han Tang, and Qi Wang. "Timeliness Harvesting Loss of Rice in Cold Region under Different Mechanical Harvesting Methods." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 6345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116345.

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The yield loss during the process of harvesting is a great challenge in rice production. A suitable harvesting time and harvesting method can help to reduce the yield losses of rice, and decisions about the harvest date have important implications for labor management as well as for agricultural machinery scheduling. Nonetheless, the comprehensive composition of timeliness harvesting loss (THL) and its changing rules for different harvesting methods remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of harvest date and mechanical harvesting methods on grain dry matter timeliness loss (GDMTL) and mechanical timeliness losses (MTL) of rice in the cold region. To this end, the field experiment was conducted from 45 days after heading (45 DAH) to 59 days after heading (59 DAH), adopting a full-feeding and semi-feeding combine harvester (FCH and SCH) from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that harvest date had a significant effect on GDMTL and four kinds of MTL including header timeliness loss (HTL), cleaning timeliness loss (CTL), un-threshed timeliness loss (UTTL), and entrainment timeliness loss (ETL, only under FCH). With the prolonged harvest date, the HTL and CTL increased and the UTTL and ETL decreased, which ranged from 0.15–0.31%, 0.36–0.67%, 0.72–0.18%, and 0.69–0.31%, respectively for FCH. For SCH, the variation range of HTL, CTL, and UTTL was 0.41–0.59%, 0.66–0.98%, and 0.64–0.21%, respectively. The GDMTL increased first and then decreased, ranging from 2.84–0.87%. The mechanical harvesting methods had no significant effect on the GDMTL of rice, but the MTL could be large between FCH and SCH. In general, optimal harvest period was 52 DAH~53 DAH for both harvesting methods, which exhibited the highest yield and the lowest loss, i.e., 9269.3 kg/hm2 and 1.70%, respectively, and the mechanical operating mode on different harvest dates was recommended to minimize the mechanical loss. The optimal harvest date for rice in a cold region ensured both quality and quantity for mechanized harvesting, and provided a reference for the reasonable allocation of operating harvesters in the harvesting season.

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12

Ribeiro, J. E. M. M., and N. J. J. Combrink. "Amaranthus tricolor L. leaf yields affected by salinity, harvesting stage and harvesting methods." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 23, no. 1 (January 2006): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2006.10634726.

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13

Jarimi, Hasila, Richard Powell, and Saffa Riffat. "Review of sustainable methods for atmospheric water harvesting." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 15, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctz072.

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Abstract The scope of this paper is to review different types of sustainable water harvesting methods from the atmospheric fogs and dew. In this paper, we report upon the water collection performance of various fog collectors around the world. We also review technical aspects of fog collector feasibility studies and the efficiency improvements. Modern fog harvesting innovations are often bioinspired technology. Fog harvesting technology is obviously limited by global fog occurrence. In contrast, dew water harvester is available everywhere but requires a cooled condensing surface. In this review, the dew water collection systems is divided into three categories: i) dew water harvesting using radiative cooling surface, ii) solar-regenerated desiccant system and iii) active condensation technology. The key target in all these approaches is the development of an atmospheric water collector that can produce water regardless of the humidity level, geographical location, low in cost and can be made using local materials.

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14

Berezhenko, E. "ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR HARVESTING HAULM ROOT CROPS AND DESIGNS OF HARVEST MODULES." Innovative Solution in Modern Science 2, no. 38 (March 30, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/2414-634x.2(38)2020.4.

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Improving the technological efficiency of the machines for harvesting root crops by reducing the energy costs of the process of harvesting the main array of hills is an urgent task. The solution to this problem is possible through the development of new energy-saving methods of assembly of the main array of hills and improved designs of hock-harvesting modules. The article provides an analysis of the methods of harvesting hogs and working bodies of harvesting modules. On the basis of the analysis, an energy-saving method of assembling the main array of the ridge and a scheme of an improved jerking module are proposed.Key words: rotary cutter, auger, guide channel, dividing disk, laying of a twig, row spacing of root crops.

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15

Erskine, W., J. Diekmann, P. Jegatheeswaran, A. Salkini, M. C. Saxena, A. Ghanaim, and F. El Ashkar. "Evaluation of lentil harvest systems for different sowing methods and cultivars in Syria." Journal of Agricultural Science 117, no. 3 (December 1991): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600067071.

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SUMMARYHand harvesting is a major constraint to lentil production in North Africa and West Asia. This study, in north Syria, compared hand harvesting, cutting by mower (double-knife) and cutting with angled blades on two lentil cultivars differing in standing ability and using two sowing methods (broadcast and drilled) both with and without the use of a heavy bar for field levelling in the 1984/85 season. Seven treatments were selected for testing in five locations in the 1985/86 season; and in the 1986/87 and 1987/88 seasons, agronomic comparisons of mowing v. hand harvesting were conducted on five farmers' fields.Both machine methods of harvesting resulted in significant harvest losses compared with hand harvesting. The angled blades performed well on a ridged broadcast crop, but tended to mix soil with the harvested crop. The loss of straw associated with harvesting by mower was reduced by levelling the seedbed after sowing. The superiority in seed yield of cultivar 78S26002 over the local cultivar increased from 9% when hand harvested to 39% with mowing because of its lower likelihood of lodging. In the 1986/87 and 1987/88 seasons, the seed yield from a hand harvest was 1650 kg/ha compared with 1508 kg/ha following harvest by mower, representing a loss of 8·6% from mechanization. The corresponding straw loss was 16·6% of the mean from a hand harvest of 2140 kg straw/ha. However, the harvest losses from mechanical harvesting by mower were compensated for by the reduced labour costs compared with hand harvesting.

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16

Sağlam, Cihangir, and Türkan Aktaş. "Changing of viscosity and thermal properties of olive oil with different harvesting methods and waiting period." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180110130636.

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The aim of this paper is to determine how different harvesting methods of olives and the waiting period before the extraction of the extra virgin olive oil affect the viscosity and some thermal properties, namely thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity. Olive trees in the Aegean region of the western part of Turkey were harvested by using six different harvesting methods: by hand, harvesting by a beating pole on a synthetic fabric, harvesting by a beating pole on a platform, harvesting by machine on a synthetic fabric, harvesting by machine on a platform and direct collecting of dropped olives by hand. Olive oil samples were obtained in certain intervals between the harvesting and processing that was made by using a laboratory type system. The viscosity values of oil samples were measured by using a vibro-viscometer. The thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity of oil samples were measured simultaneously by using the KD2 Thermal properties analyzer. As a result, viscosity, thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity values changed related to the harvesting method and the waiting period after harvesting to obtain olive oil. While viscosity (dynamic) and thermal conductivity values increased with the increase of the waiting time, thermal resistivity values decreased. The lowest viscosity and thermal conductivity values and the highest resistivity values were found for oils that were obtained from olives harvested by hand.

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17

Lund, Muhammad Mithal, Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio, Shamsuddin Tunio, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi, and Inayatullah Rajpar. "Influence of Harvesting Methods and Timings on Yield and Quality of Selected Bread Wheat Varieties." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 39, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 882–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2004.20.

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An experiment was executed at experimental farm of Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam to quantify the losses in grain yield and quality of wheat in relation to time and method of harvesting. The experiment involved three bread wheat varieties (Kiran-95, Mehran-89 and TD-1) and two harvesting methods; conventional method using Sickle and mechanized method using Reaper. The harvesting times considered were: 5-days-before-maturity (DBM), 5-Days-after-maturity (DAM), 10 DAM, and 15 DAM. The data were recorded for grain yield, yield components (harvest index, seed index, etc.) and some grain quality traits (shriveled & broken grain losses). The results highlighted that, harvesting with reaper was most effective and economical in terms of losses to grain yield and quality over sickle (manual) method of harvesting. Compared to the other harvesting times tested in this study, the wheat crop harvested at proper physiological maturity (5 DAM) was found to be most effective and beneficial to maintain quality and obtain maximum grain yield. Generally, wheat crop harvested through conventional method using sickle showed more harvesting losses at different harvesting intervals. Among three wheat cultivars, the cultivar TD-1 harvested with sickle (manual method) at proper maturity, 5 DBM and 5, 10 and 15 DAM showed 5.55%, 6.54%, 7.09%, 8.06% and 9.45% harvesting losses; and 8.79%, 10.46%, 10.67%, 11.76% and 13.25% hauling losses, respectively. Contrarily, when same cultivar TD-1 was harvested through mechanized method using reaper, the respective treatment plots showed 5.35%, 6.09%, 6.21%, 7.07% and 8.49% harvesting losses, and 8.57%, 9.89%, 9.54%, 10.45% and 11.99% hauling losses to grain yield, respectively. This study suggests that wheat crop should be harvested with reaper at proper physiological maturity. Among the three bread wheat varieties included in the study, the variety Kiran-95 proved to be the most resistant to grain yield and quality losses.

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18

Han, Hee, Woodam Chung, Ji She, Nathaniel Anderson, and Lucas Wells. "Productivity and Costs of Two Beetle-Kill Salvage Harvesting Methods in Northern Colorado." Forests 9, no. 9 (September 15, 2018): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9090572.

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Two ground-based timber harvesting methods have been commonly used for beetle-kill salvage treatments after a bark beetle epidemic in northern Colorado. A “lop and scatter” method uses a mobilized stroke delimber to delimb and buck trees at the stump, leaving tree tops and limbs on the forest floor, while a whole-tree harvesting method brings the entire tree to the landing where it is delimbed and bucked, and thus produces logging residue piles at the landing as a byproduct. We conducted a detailed comparative time study of the two harvesting methods to develop productivity and cost models and compared the performance of the two methods under various site conditions. We applied the productivity and cost models to lodgepole pine forest stands totaling 3400 hectares of the Colorado State Forest State Park to estimate salvage harvesting costs for each forest stand and identify the least costly harvesting options. The results show that the estimated stump-to-truck timber production costs were $30.00 per oven dry ton (odt) for lop and scatter and $23.88 odt−1 for the whole-tree method in our study harvest unit. At the forest level, the estimated average stump-to-truck costs were $54.67 odt−1 and $56.95 odt−1 for lop and scatter and whole-tree harvesting, respectively. Skidding distance and downed trees affect the harvesting costs of both methods, but their influence appears to be more significant on the whole-tree method.

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19

Konovalov, A. P. "Comparison of harvesting methods: productivity and direct costs." Resources and Technology, no. 7 (2008): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j2.art.2008.1827.

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20

Mazloumzadeh, M., and M. Shamsi. "EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE DATE HARVESTING METHODS IN IRAN." Acta Horticulturae, no. 736 (March 2007): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.736.44.

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21

Moussa, A. I., and M. I. Mohamed. "A STUDY OF DIFFERENT HARVESTING METHODS FOR SUNFLOWER." Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 30, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 3271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2005.235730.

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22

Moussa, A. I. "MECHANICAL AND TRADITIONAL HARVESTING METHODS FOR WHEAT CROP." Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering 25, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 1094–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2008.110172.

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23

Chen, Ming, Kenneth P. Ghiggino, Albert W. H. Mau, Ezio Rizzardo, San H. Thang, and Gerard J. Wilson. "Synthesis of light harvesting polymers by RAFT methods." Chemical Communications, no. 19 (September 11, 2002): 2276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b206166j.

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24

Saglam, C., Y. T. Tuna, U. Gecgel, and E. S. Atar. "Effects of Olive Harvesting Methods on Oil Quality." APCBEE Procedia 8 (2014): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.03.050.

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25

Peterson, Jeffrey J. "FRESHWATER PRAWN HARVESTING: A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS." Journal of the World Mariculture Society 13, no. 1-4 (March 12, 2009): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1982.tb00017.x.

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26

Persson, Tryggve. "Stump harvesting for bioenergy – methods and environmental effects." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 3 (February 8, 2017): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2017.1289714.

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27

McLaughlin, Emma, Alex Portig, and Mark P. Johnson. "Can traditional harvesting methods for cockles be accommodated in a Special Area of Conservation?" ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 2 (January 19, 2007): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsl037.

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Abstract McLaughlin, E., Portig, A., and Johnson, M. P. 2007. Can traditional harvesting methods for cockles be accommodated in a Special Area of Conservation? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 309–317. The European Natura 2000 project attempts to balance conservation and exploitation by permitting activities that do not affect the conservation status of designated sites. Given the scale of Natura 2000, guidelines are needed to facilitate the drafting of simple site management plans. This need is particularly acute for traditional harvesting methods for which there is usually strong local opposition to the imposition of controls. These issues were examined in Strangford Lough, a special area of conservation where cockles have traditionally been harvested by hand-raking. Raking was found not to affect the ability of cockles to rebury. There were significant reductions in Zostera biomass when raking was carried out within eelgrass beds (a 90% reduction in biomass available to winter migrant birds from summer raking). Traditional harvesting methods could therefore be accepted in Strangford as long as Zostera beds are avoided. A relatively low intensity of harvesting activity in Strangford Lough probably reflects low cockle densities (average 91.8 m−2), with the most economically valuable individuals at some distance from points of access to the shore. An economically feasible management plan could sanction traditional harvesting and result in the implementation of more resource-intensive management only if increases in cockle stocks and market prices stimulate large increases in harvesting activity.

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28

Ghaffariyan, M. R., and M. Brown. "Selecting the efficient harvesting method using multiple-criteria analysis: A case study in south-west Western Australia." Journal of Forest Science 59, No. 12 (December 20, 2013): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/45/2013-jfs.

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Different factors can impact on the timber harvesting methods including stand characteristics, ground conditions, extraction distance, climate, silvicultural treatments and social interests. The multiple-criteria analysis is an effective methodology for helping foresters decide what system to apply depending on their operations specifications. Four harvesting methods were compared in Western Australian Eucalypt plantations including cut-to-length (CTL), in-field chipping using a delimbing and debarking flail integrated with the chipper (IFC-DDC), in-field chipping using a chipper with a separate flail machine for delimbing and debarking (IFC-F/C) and whole tree to roadside (WTR). The decision criterions consisted of total operating cost (from stand to mill gate), yield per ha, harvesting residues, fuel consumption and bark content of the chips. The Promethee method was used to evaluate the alternatives using Decision Lab software. Based on the results, the IFC-DCC was the best harvest method while WTR method was the worst harvesting alternative in the case study area. IFC-DCC method resulted in the lowest operating cost and the highest recovered yield per ha compared to the other harvesting methods.

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29

Thakur, Samriti, Devendra Prasad, and Amit Verma. "Energy Harvesting Methods in Wireless Sensor Network: A Review." International Journal of Computer Applications 165, no. 9 (May 17, 2017): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2017914000.

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30

Azamovna, Mirzayeva Mutabar, and Abdukarimova Dinara Nuritdinovna. "The methods of harvesting and storage of melons products." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11, no. 12 (2021): 888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.02754.3.

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31

Tashiro, Kunihisa, Gen-ya Hattori, and Hiroyuki Wakiwaka. "Magnetic flux concentration methods for magnetic energy harvesting module." EPJ Web of Conferences 40 (2013): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20134006011.

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32

Al-Gezawe, A. A. I., and K. I. W. Ahmed. "MECHANICAL HARVESTING OF CANOLA CROP UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTING METHODS." Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering 30, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 991–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2013.99572.

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33

Joshi, Kinjal V. "A Review on Apple Detection Methods for Harvesting Robot." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 12, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2017.12.2.07.

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34

Lv, Bo, Zhiniang Peng, and Shaohua Tang. "Precomputation Methods for UOV Signature on Energy-Harvesting Sensors." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 56924–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2873288.

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35

Shiffman, Melvin A. "Effect of Various Methods of Fat Harvesting and Reinjection." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 17, no. 2 (June 2000): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880680001700205.

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36

Koivula, Matti. "Alternative harvesting methods and boreal carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)." Forest Ecology and Management 167, no. 1-3 (August 2002): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00717-4.

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Rahman, Asif, Renil J. Anthony, Ashik Sathish, Ronald C. Sims, and Charles D. Miller. "Effects of wastewater microalgae harvesting methods on polyhydroxybutyrate production." Bioresource Technology 156 (March 2014): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.034.

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Parveen, Farhana, Basavaraja Sannakki, Mohanrao V. Mandke, and Habib M. Pathan. "Copper nanoparticles: Synthesis methods and its light harvesting performance." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 144 (January 2016): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.08.033.

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Masson, Ignacio, Nathan Stone, and Yong-Woo Lee. "Developing Methods for Harvesting Rosy Red Fathead Minnow Eggs." North American Journal of Aquaculture 68, no. 4 (October 2006): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/a05-079.1.

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Riba, Jordi-Roger, Manuel Moreno-Eguilaz, and Santiago Bogarra. "Energy Harvesting Methods for Transmission Lines: A Comprehensive Review." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 10699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122110699.

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Humanity faces important challenges concerning the optimal use, security, and availability of energy systems, particularly electrical power systems and transmission lines. In this context, data-driven predictive maintenance plans make it possible to increase the safety, stability, reliability, and availability of electrical power systems. In contrast, strategies such as dynamic line rating (DLR) make it possible to optimize the use of power lines. However, these approaches require developing monitoring plans based on acquiring electrical data in real-time using different types of wireless sensors placed in strategic locations. Due to the specific conditions of the transmission lines, e.g., high electric and magnetic fields, this a challenging problem, aggravated by the harsh outdoor environments where power lines are built. Such sensors must also incorporate an energy harvesting (EH) unit that supplies the necessary electronics. Therefore, the EH unit plays a key role, so when designing such electronic systems, care must be taken to select the most suitable EH technology, which is currently evolving rapidly. This work reviews and analyzes the state-of-the-art technology for EH focused on transmission lines, as it is an area with enormous potential for expansion. In addition to recent advances, it also discusses the research needs and challenges that need to be addressed. Despite the importance of this topic, there is still much to investigate, as this area is still in its infancy. Although EH systems for transmission lines are reviewed, many other applications could potentially benefit from introducing wireless sensors with EH capabilities, such as power transformers, distribution switches, or low- and medium-voltage power lines, among others.

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Jinpeng, Wang, Mei Song, Xiao Hongru, Zhao Ying, and Zhou Hongping. "Research on Mechanized Harvesting Methods of Lycium barbarum Fruit." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 17 (2018): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.148.

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Yeesparan, Suganthi, Mohd Zafri Bin Baharuddin, Norashidah Bt Md Din, and Mohamad Halil Haron. "A Review of Energy Harvesting Methods for Power Transmission Line Monitoring Sensors." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22348.

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Condition monitoring sensors have the responsibility of reducing occupational failures or unscheduled shutdowns especially in power transmission line systems. Existing sensors that are used for condition monitoring are mostly battery-dependent. Powering up these sensors in difficult to access areas where high voltage transmission line usually runs is a challenge because batteries usually have a limited life cycle. Power sources other than batteries such as harvesting from solar energy, magnetic energy, radio frequency energy either produces insufficient energy or not entirely available all the time. Electric Field Energy Harvesting (EFEH) overcomes many of these disadvantages and provides a quality and continuous power source to be used to power up devices especially the monitoring sensors that are used in transmission line monitoring. This paper presents key aspects and drawbacks of six types of energy harvesting methods and a review of existing energy harvesters. The concept of electric field and the usage of EFEH in power transmission line system are explained and a comparison between EFEH with typical energy harvesting methods is discussed. This paper finds that EFEH devices have potential to provide sufficient energy for low powered condition monitoring sensors. Moreover, several improved EFEH approaches are proposed, and future trends are discussed.

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Parenti, Alessandro, Paolo Spugnoli, Piernicola Masella, Lorenzo Guerrini, Stefano Benedettelli, and Stefano Di Blasi. "Comparison of grape harvesting and sorting methods on factors affecting the must quality." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 46, no. 1 (April 21, 2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2015.456.

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This study compared two harvesting techniques (manual and mechanical) and three grape sorting methods (no sorting, manual, and densimetric) in attempts to obtain high-quality must. The trials were carried out in 2009 and 2010 in Tuscany, Italy. The effectiveness of the harvest-sorting chain was assessed on two parameters. Substandard berries (SSB) is the percentage of berries, which do not meet quality standards that enter the winemaking process, and material other than grape (MOG) is a measure of the cleanliness of the berries entering the process. In the two years the trial was run the grape maturation level was widely different; in 2009 the vintage was more far mature than in 2010. With respect to SSB content and harvesting methods, in 2009 (more mature grapes) hand-picking reduced SSB content, while in 2010 there were no differences between the two harvesting methods. In both years, densimetric sorting reduced SSB content, while there were no significant differences between no sorting and manual sorting. In terms of MOG content, both harvesting and sorting results were inconsistent. In 2009, MOG was lower in mechanically harvested grapes; while in 2010 it was lower in hand-picked grapes. As for sorting methods, in 2009 there were no differences in MOG, while in 2010 mechanical sorting produced better results. Our results question whether the post-harvest sorting techniques used by many estates are effective; particularly as the question has received little attention and no previous research has compared methods. Secondly, our study contributes to the debate on the effects of harvesting technique on wine quality.

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Kishore, Ravi, and Shashank Priya. "A Review on Low-Grade Thermal Energy Harvesting: Materials, Methods and Devices." Materials 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081433.

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Combined rejected and naturally available heat constitute an enormous energy resource that remains mostly untapped. Thermal energy harvesting can provide a cost-effective and reliable way to convert available heat into mechanical motion or electricity. This extensive review analyzes the literature covering broad topical areas under solid-state low temperature thermal energy harvesting. These topics include thermoelectricity, pyroelectricity, thermomagneticity, and thermoelasticity. For each topical area, a detailed discussion is provided comprising of basic physics, working principle, performance characteristics, state-of-the-art materials, and current generation devices. Technical advancements reported in the literature are utilized to analyze the performance, identify the challenges, and provide guidance for material and mechanism selection. The review provides a detailed analysis of advantages and disadvantages of each energy harvesting mechanism, which will provide guidance towards designing a hybrid thermal energy harvester that can overcome various limitations of the individual mechanism.

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Soman, Harikrishnan, Anil Raj Kizha, Bethany Muñoz Delgado, Laura S. Kenefic, and Keith Kanoti. "Production economics: comparing hybrid tree-length with whole-tree harvesting methods." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93, no. 3 (January 25, 2020): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz065.

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Abstract Felled trees with tops and branches are transported to the landing with a grapple skidder in conventional ground-based whole-tree (WT) harvesting. This method has greater potential to damage advance regeneration than those in which trees are processed at-stump. Hybrid tree-length (Hyb TL) harvesting using an stroke-boom delimber for in-woods processing might be a feasible alternative, but little is known about the production economics of this method. An experimental strip-cutting study was conducted in central Maine, US in the winter of 2018 to: (1) evaluate and compare operational productivity and costs of ground-based Hyb TL and WT methods; (2) identify factors influencing productivity of at-stump and at-landing log processing; and (3) calculate best management practice (BMP) implementation costs in WT harvesting. Time-motion data were recorded for operational phases such as felling, extraction, processing, sorting and loading; machine rates were calculated to determine productivity and costs of operations. Total cost of Hyb TL (US $17.01 m−3) was lower than that of WT ($18.38 m−3). Processing cost was lower at-stump than at-landing ($2.66 and $2.73 m−3 for Hyb TL and WT, respectively). This is likely due to fewer logs handled per cycle at-landing (1.2 logs per turn) compared to the number handled per cycle at-stump (1.4 logs per turn). Sensitivity analysis showed that a 30-m increase in average in-woods distance travelled by the delimber would result in a 41 per cent increase in the processing cost. Cost of BMP implementation in WT was $2.25 m−3 or $59.2 per productive machine hour. Results suggest that it is feasible to apply Hyb TL method in an industrial harvesting operation, though distance of in-woods delimber movement influences processing costs. Insights from this study will help forest managers and loggers efficiently plan and execute harvesting operations.

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Czupy, I. "Energetic comparison of some stump-removing methods." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/progress.10.2014.3.

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Concerns about climate change and fossil fuel shortages are encouraging interest in stumps, as alternative energy sources. Stumps are an almost unused resource in the context of bio fuels. Stump harvesting signifies an intensification of forest management compared with conventional stem-only or above-ground biomass-only harvesting. There are many benefits of stump harvesting. These include: the production of wood fuel, fossil fuel substitution, and improved soil preparation.Removing tree trunks in Hungary has been going on according to the principle of stump extraction, which means stumps are removed by grabbing technology. Experiments have been carried out to reduce the extraction force. In the Great Hungarian Lowland, where large areas require the operation implementation, stump extraction is done by special, hydraulic driven baggers equipped with a special bucket. During operation of the equipment, we carried out measurements of the extraction force and the time requirement. The experiments are designed to carry out the measurements with different soils and different tree species. According to our proposal the suitable force and torque required to remove stumps can be significantly reduced if before the lifting the soil — root connection is loosened. One of the possible ways to implement this task is the use of vibration. Since relatively great vibration power and wide domain of frequency are necessary, therefore we prepared the loosening machinery elements of alternating-current hydraulics system. Based on constructions variants we created a tractor-mounted experimental alternating-current hydraulic stump-loosening machine. It was designed with the ability to produce horizontal vibration in order to loosen stumps.

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Robinson, Pamela L., Niels Maness, John Solie, and Byron Criner. "EFFECT OF HARVESTING METHOD AND DRYING TREATMENT ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SAGE." HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 756e—756. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.756e.

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Sage contains the antioxidant thujone, which can be used to preserve foods in place of synthetic antioxidants. This study was conducted to determine if different harvesting methods would affect greater retention of antioxidant activity (AOA) of sage. The harvesting methods evaluated included sickle harvest, hand harvest, and flail harvest. Harvested samples were air-dried (temperature range 15 to 49C) and oven-dried (continuous 49C). Leaf area analysis indicated that flail harvesting induced substantial chopping and size reduction of the harvested material. AOA of sample extracts was measured using a carotinoid bleaching process against a standard BHT solution. Our results show a definite difference in retention of AOA between the harvesting methods (sickle 65%, hand 55%, flail 50% of BHT). This difference between harvesting methods was the same over the two drying treatments, although oven drying resulted in a decrease in AOA for all harvesting methods. Supported by USDA grant 93-34150-8409 and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

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Lehtimäki, Jani, and Juha Nurmi. "Energy wood harvesting productivity of three harvesting methods in first thinning of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 8 (August 2011): 3383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.09.012.

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Dimitrijevich, S. D., T. Reese, R. W. Gracy, L. X. Oakford, and W. E. Howe. "A Transmission electron microscopic study of methods for harvesting epithelial cells from human corneal tissue." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100085174.

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A critical aspect of cell harvesting is the separation of cells from the extracellular matrix without damaging the cell attachment structures. Isolation of epithelial cells frequently involves the use of highly skillful microsurgical techniques, and precision instrumentation. The proteolytic detachment (trypsin), or sequestering of membrane bound calcium (EDTA) are also widely used. These two approaches are particularly difficult when isolating cells from the human eye tissue, often leading to poor attachment, slow growth, and heterogeneous cultures. Initiation of primary cultures by harvesting outgrowths from tissue explants is also unsatisfactory. Recently dispase and thermolysin, have been shown to be preferable for harvesting rabbit corneal epithelial cells and human keratinocytes respectively. We have compared these with the effects of trypsin and EDTA on the human corneal epithelium.

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Xing, Haiqian, Shaochun Ma, Ming Liu, Menglong Wang, Yi Wei, Jiwei Hu, Fenglei Wang, Haonan Xing, and Jing Bai. "Evaluation of Shake-and-Catch Methods on Harvesting of Tall Spindle Apples." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 4 (2020): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12612.

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HighlightsBoth frequency and amplitude were influencing factors in analyzing the fruit removal efficiency and fruit damage.This research focused on tall spindle ‘Fuji’ apple trees, which enriched the study of the variety and architecture resources of apple trees.The advice for shake-and-catch harvesting was based on the analysis of amplitude and frequency from the perspective of energy consumption.Abstract. Almost all fresh-market apples are picked manually, and these apples rank among the most labor-intensive fruit crops to produce. Due to declining labor supply and rising labor costs, fresh-market apple growers are seeking mechanical harvesting solutions. Shake-and-catch is a potential method that has been well studied. However, because of fruit damage, this method cannot be widely used for fresh-market apples. The primary goal of this study was to investigate how the physical properties of the fruit tree and the shaker parameters affect fruit removal efficiency and fruit damage in an effort to help growers find solutions to the above-mentioned issues. A test system was developed, and its performance was evaluated in certain shaking modes. Based on the experimental results, the physical properties of the tree (length and diameter of limb, length and diameter of twig, and apple weight) and the frequency and amplitude of the shaker influenced the effectiveness of fruit detachment. When the amplitude of the shaker was 14.3 mm and the frequency was less than 15 Hz, the length of the twig had the greatest effect on fruit harvesting. However, with increasing frequency and amplitude, the effect of tree properties on fruit harvesting declined, and amplitude had a more significant effect on fruit harvesting than frequency. Moreover, the fruit removal rate reached 91.43% when the amplitude was 14.3 mm and the frequency was 20 Hz. The results of this study contribute to the development of an effective mechanical harvester that is adapted to tall spindle apple trees. Keywords: Amplitude, Apple fresh market, Frequency, Physical properties, Shake-and-catch, Tall spindle.

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