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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Birch, Gabriel C., Michael R. Descour, and Tomasz S. Tkaczyk. "Hyperspectral Shack–Hartmann test." Applied Optics 49, no. 28 (September 27, 2010): 5399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.49.005399.

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2

Voitsekhovich, V. V. "Hartmann test in atmospheric research." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 13, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.13.001749.

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3

Malacara-Hernández, Daniel, and Daniel Malacara-Doblado. "What is a Hartmann test?" Applied Optics 54, no. 9 (March 13, 2015): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.54.002296.

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4

Díaz-Uribe, Rufino, Fermín Granados-Agustín, and Alejandro Cornejo-Rodríguez. "Classical Hartmann test with scanning." Optics Express 17, no. 16 (August 3, 2009): 13959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.17.013959.

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5

Mejia-Barbosa, Yobani. "Hartmann test of small F/# convex mirrors." Optics Communications 263, no. 1 (July 2006): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.01.015.

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6

Mejía, Yobani, and Janneth C. Galeano. "Corneal Topographer Based on the Hartmann Test." Optometry and Vision Science 86, no. 4 (April 2009): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e3181989589.

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7

Avendaño-Alejo, Maximino, Dulce González-Utrera, Naser Qureshi, Luis Castañeda, and César Ordóñez-Romero. "Null Ronchi-Hartmann test for a lens." Optics Express 18, no. 20 (September 22, 2010): 21131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.021131.

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8

Salas-Peimbert, Didia Patricia, Daniel Malacara-Doblado, Victor Manuel Durán-Ramírez, Gerardo Trujillo-Schiaffino, and Daniel Malacara-Hernández. "Wave-front retrieval from Hartmann test data." Applied Optics 44, no. 20 (July 10, 2005): 4228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.44.004228.

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9

Schwider, J. "Fizeau-type Multi-Pass Shack-Hartmann-Test." Optics Express 16, no. 1 (2008): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.000362.

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10

Su, Peng, Robert E. Parks, Lirong Wang, Roger P. Angel, and James H. Burge. "Software configurable optical test system: a computerized reverse Hartmann test." Applied Optics 49, no. 23 (August 5, 2010): 4404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.49.004404.

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11

Castellini, C., F. Francini, and B. Tiribilli. "Hartmann test modification for measuring ophthalmic progressive lenses." Applied Optics 33, no. 19 (July 1, 1994): 4120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.33.004120.

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12

Cheng, Xu, Nikole L. Himebaugh, Pete S. Kollbaum, Larry N. Thibos, and Arthur Bradley. "Test–Retest Reliability of Clinical Shack-Hartmann Measurements." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.03-0265.

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13

Salas-Peimbert, Didia Patricia, Gerardo Trujillo-Schiaffino, Jorge Alberto González-Silva, Saúl Almazán-Cuellar, and Daniel Malacara-Doblado. "Simple Hartmann test data interpretation for ophthalmic lenses." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 4 (April 2006): 043102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2188352.

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14

McCann, Stewart J. H. "Nightmare Frequency and Sex-Role Differences: A Test of Hartmann's Hypothesis." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 3_suppl (December 1989): 1208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.3f.1208.

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Hartmann (1984) states quite clearly that nightmare sufferers have “thin boundaries” with regard to sex-role and that one should expect more androgynous persons would experience more frequent frightening dreams. This aspect of Hartmann's nightmare theory was tested with data from 144 undergraduates who responded to the Bern Sex-role Inventory and an item which tapped the percent of their dreams deemed to be frightening and often accompanied by feelings of oppression and helplessness. No difference was found in the incidence of nightmares for those categorized as adopting androgynous sex-roles compared to those having more traditional sex-roles for the entire sample or for men and women separately. In addition, neither masculinity nor femininity related to the tendency to have nightmares for either sex.
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15

McCann, Stewart J. H. "Nightmare Frequency and Sex-Role Differences: A Test of Hartmann's Hypothesis." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 3-2 (December 1989): 1208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125890693-225.

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Hartmann (1984) states quite clearly that nightmare sufferers have “thin boundaries” with regard to sex-role and that one should expect more androgynous persons would experience more frequent frightening dreams. This aspect of Hartmann's nightmare theory was tested with data from 144 undergraduates who responded to the Bern Sex-role Inventory and an item which tapped the percent of their dreams deemed to be frightening and often accompanied by feelings of oppression and helplessness. No difference was found in the incidence of nightmares for those categorized as adopting androgynous sex-roles compared to those having more traditional sex-roles for the entire sample or for men and women separately. In addition, neither masculinity nor femininity related to the tendency to have nightmares for either sex.
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16

Schwider, J., and G. Leuchs. "Multi-pass Shack-Hartmann planeness test: monitoring thermal stress." Optics Express 18, no. 8 (April 1, 2010): 8094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.008094.

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17

Primot, Jérôme, and Nicolas Guérineau. "Extended Hartmann test based on the pseudoguiding property of a Hartmann mask completed by a phase chessboard." Applied Optics 39, no. 31 (November 1, 2000): 5715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.39.005715.

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18

Yang, Ho-Soon, Yun-Woo Lee, Jae-Bong Song, and In-Won Lee. "Null Hartmann test for the fabrication of large aspheric surfaces." Optics Express 13, no. 6 (2005): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.13.001839.

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19

Zhao, Zhu, Mei Hui, Zheng-Zheng Xia, and Yue-Jin Zhao. "Centroids analysis for circle of confusion in reverse Hartmann test." Chinese Physics B 26, no. 5 (May 2017): 050204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/26/5/050204.

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20

Soloviev, Oleg, and Gleb Vdovin. "Hartmann-Shack test with random masks for modal wavefront reconstruction." Optics Express 13, no. 23 (2005): 9570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.13.009570.

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21

KOHNO, Tsuguo, and Shoichi TANAKA. "Figure Measurement of Concave Mirror by Fiber-Grating Hartmann Test." Optical Review 1, no. 1 (November 1994): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-994-0118-z.

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22

ZHANG Jin-ping, 张金平, 张学军 ZHANG Xue-jun, 张忠玉 ZHANG Zhong-yu, and 郑立功 ZHENG Li-gong. "Test of rotationally symmetric aspheric surface using Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor." Optics and Precision Engineering 20, no. 3 (2012): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20122003.0492.

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23

Wang, Shanshan, Yinlong Hou, Dawei Li, and Qiudong Zhu. "3D shape measurement of convex aspheric surface using reverse Hartmann test." Optics Communications 464 (June 2020): 125552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2020.125552.

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24

Voitsekhovich, Valerii V., and Salvador Bará. "Efficiency of optimum Kolmogorov estimators for different atmospheric statistics: Hartmann test." Optics Communications 165, no. 4-6 (July 1999): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(99)00224-2.

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25

Dibaee, B., A. Jafari, M. Amniat-Talab, J. Khalilzadeh, and R. Shomali. "Hartmann test with minimum apertures for retrieving the atmospheric primary aberrations." Journal of Modern Optics 67, no. 8 (May 3, 2020): 760–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2020.1771447.

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26

Robledo-Sánchez, Carlos, Gilberto Camacho-Basilio, Alberto Jaramillo-Núñez, and David Gale. "Aberration extraction in the Hartmann test by use of spatial filters." Applied Optics 38, no. 16 (June 1, 1999): 3483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.38.003483.

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27

Zou, Weiyao, and Zhenchao Zhang. "Generalized wave-front reconstruction algorithm applied in a Shack–Hartmann test." Applied Optics 39, no. 2 (January 10, 2000): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.39.000250.

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28

Zhao, Zhu, Mei Hui, and Ming Liu, Liquan Dong, Lingqin Kong, Yuejin Zhao. "Centroids computation and point spread function analysis for reverse Hartmann test." Optics Communications 387 (March 2017): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.11.063.

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29

Huerta-Carranza, Oliver, Rufino Díaz-Uribe, and Maximino Avendaño-Alejo. "Exact equations to measure highly aberrated wavefronts with the Hartmann test." Optics Express 28, no. 21 (October 1, 2020): 30928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.405363.

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30

Liu, Dan, Huijie Huang, Bingqiang Ren, Aijun Zeng, Lihua Huang, and Xiangzhao Wang. "Encircled energy measurement for focusing lens based on scanning Hartmann test." Optik 118, no. 8 (August 2007): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2006.04.014.

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31

Téllez-Quiñones, Alejandro, Daniel Malacara-Doblado, Jorge García-Márquez, and D. Asael Gutiérrez-Hernández. "Equations to estimate the wavefront surface in the Hartmann test for lenses: comparison between two wavefront estimations when the Hartmann screen is close to the test lens." Optical Engineering 55, no. 3 (March 14, 2016): 034103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.55.3.034103.

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32

Su, Peng, Manal A. H. Khreishi, Tianquan Su, Run Huang, Margaret Z. Dominguez, Alejandro Maldonado, Guillaume Butel, Yuhao Wang, Robert E. Parks, and James H. Burge. "Aspheric and freeform surfaces metrology with software configurable optical test system: a computerized reverse Hartmann test." Optical Engineering 53, no. 3 (December 2, 2013): 031305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.53.3.031305.

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33

Mejía-Barbosa, Yobani, and Daniel Malacara-Hernández. "Object surface for applying a modified Hartmann test to measure corneal topography." Applied Optics 40, no. 31 (November 1, 2001): 5778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.40.005778.

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34

Wang, Daodang, Sen Zhang, Rengmao Wu, Chih Yu Huang, Hsiang-Nan Cheng, and Rongguang Liang. "Computer-aided high-accuracy testing of reflective surface with reverse Hartmann test." Optics Express 24, no. 17 (August 16, 2016): 19671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.019671.

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35

Hou, Yinlong, Lin Li, Shanshan Wang, Xiaohe Luo, and Qiudong Zhu. "Validation of reverse Hartmann test for mirror shape measurement of parabolic trough concentrator." Review of Scientific Instruments 88, no. 8 (August 2017): 083113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4999449.

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36

Zhao, Zhu, Mei Hui, Zhengzheng Xia, Liquan Dong, Ming Liu, Xiaohua Liu, Lingqin Kong, and Yuejin Zhao. "Angles-centroids fitting calibration and the centroid algorithm applied to reverse Hartmann test." Review of Scientific Instruments 88, no. 2 (February 2017): 023111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4975589.

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37

Mikhaylov, Andrey, Stefan Reich, Margarita Zakharova, Vitor Vlnieska, Roman Laptev, Anton Plech, and Danays Kunka. "Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensors based on 2D refractive lens arrays and super-resolution multi-contrast X-ray imaging." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 3 (April 22, 2020): 788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520002830.

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Different approaches of 2D lens arrays as Shack–Hartmann sensors for hard X-rays are compared. For the first time, a combination of Shack–Hartmann sensors for hard X-rays (SHSX) with a super-resolution imaging approach to perform multi-contrast imaging is demonstrated. A diamond lens is employed as a well known test object. The interleaving approach has great potential to overcome the 2D lens array limitation given by the two-photon polymerization lithography. Finally, the radiation damage induced by continuous exposure of an SHSX prototype with a white beam was studied showing a good performance of several hours. The shape modification and influence in the final image quality are presented.
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38

Wang, Daodang, Zhidong Gong, Ping Xu, Chao Wang, Rongguang Liang, Ming Kong, and Jun Zhao. "Accurate calibration of geometrical error in reflective surface testing based on reverse Hartmann test." Optics Express 26, no. 7 (March 20, 2018): 8113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.008113.

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39

Malacara-Hernandez, Daniel. "Testing and centering of lenses by means of a Hartmann test with four holes." Optical Engineering 31, no. 7 (1992): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.58835.

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40

Lyutikov, Maxim. "Hartmann Flow with Braginsky Viscosity: A Test Problem for Plasma in the Intracluster Medium." Astrophysical Journal 673, no. 2 (January 9, 2008): L115—L117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/526769.

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41

Li, Xinji, Mei Hui, Zhu Zhao, Ming Liu, Liquan Dong, Lingqin Kong, and Yuejin Zhao. "Differential computation method used to calibrate the angle-centroid relationship in coaxial reverse Hartmann test." Review of Scientific Instruments 89, no. 5 (May 2018): 053104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5021313.

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42

Hložková, Jana, Peter Scheer, Ivana Uhríková, Pavel Suchý, Tomáš Parák, and Ota Hlinomaz. "Comparison of various methods of ischaemic cardioprotection on vitality of rat heart grafts." Acta Veterinaria Brno 86, no. 2 (2017): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201786020199.

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The aim of the study was to compare 4 modes of ischaemic cardioprotection using continuous prograde autologous blood perfusion of the coronary artery in two hypothermic modes (group A, B) or conventional protection by cooled Hartmann solution (group C) or cooled saline (group D) without perfusion of the graft. Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups (A–D). In groups A (22–25 °C) and B (4–8 °C), blood perfusion rate was 10 ml/h and the graft was placed in a water bath. Groups C, D were initially rinsed with cold (4–8 °C) Hartmann solution (C) and cold saline solution (D), next the graft was placed in a water bath of cold (4–8 °C) Hartmann solution (C) or saline solution (D). The observed time was 30 min after the implemented perfusion (A, B) or initial rinsing (C, D). At 30 min, hearts of all the groups were perfused for 10 min with prograde-autologous arterialized blood at room temperature. At perfusion minute 10, blood was collected for biochemical analysis (sample 1). Sample 2 involved blood from a portable syringe infusion pumps (in parallel with sample 1). Pairwise test differences between samples 1 and 2 were significant in all the groups as regards creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase values, sampling 1 values being always higher, while cardiac troponin I concentrations were non-significant in the same comparison. The heart rate during the final perfusion was identical in all the groups. Our study has demonstrated that all observed cardioprotection modes are useful for experimental heart grafting.
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43

BURR, ULRICH, LEOPOLD BARLEON, PAUL JOCHMANN, and ARKADY TSINOBER. "Magnetohydrodynamic convection in a vertical slot with horizontal magnetic field." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 475 (January 25, 2003): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002002811.

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This article presents an experimental study of magnetohydrodynamic convection in a tall vertical slot under the influence of a horizontal magnetic field. The test fluid is an eutectic sodium potassium Na22K78 alloy with a small Prandtl number of Pr ≈ 0:02. The experimental setup covers Rayleigh numbers in the range 103 [lsim ] Ra [lsim ] 8×104 and Hartmann numbers 0 < M < 1600. The effect of the magnetic field on the convective heat transport is determined not only by damping as expected from Joule dissipation but also, for magnetic fields not too strong, the convective heat transfer may be considerably enhanced compared to ordinary hydrodynamic (OHD) flow. Estimates of the isotropy properties of the flow by a four-element temperature probe demonstrate that the increase in convective heat transport accompanies the formation of strong local anisotropy of the turbulent eddies in the sense of an alignment of the main direction of vorticity with the magnetic field. The reduced three-dimensional nonlinearities in non-isotropic flow favour the formation of largescale vortex structures compared to OHD flow, which are more effective for convective heat transport. Along with the formation of quasi-two-dimensional vortex structures, temperature fluctuations may be considerably enhanced in a magnetic field that is not too strong. However, above Hartmann numbers M [gsim ] 400 the formerly strongly time-dependent flow suddenly becomes stationary with an extended region of high convective heat transport at stationary flow. Finally, for very high Hartmann numbers the convective motion is strongly suppressed and the heat transport is reduced to a state close to pure heat conduction.
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44

Voitsekhovich, Valerii, Leonardo Sanchez, Valeri Orlov, and Salvador Cuevas. "Efficiency of the Hartmann test with different subpupil forms for the measurement of turbulence-induced phase distortions." Applied Optics 40, no. 9 (March 20, 2001): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.40.001299.

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45

Havlík, Jan, and Vratislav Fabián. "VERIFICATION OF CLINICAL ACCURACY OF AUTOMATED NON-INVASIVE SPHYGMOMANOMETERS: IS IT APPROPRIATE TO USE BLOOD PRESSURE SIMULATORS?" Lékař a technika - Clinician and Technology 50, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ctj.2020.1.01.

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Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in developed countries. Blood measurement is an integral part of the diagnosis of these diseases. With the development of oscillometric blood pressure monitors, the question of regular monitoring of their clinical accuracy (overall error) has arisen. This paper deals with the overall accuracy of two commercial tonometers (Hartmann Digital HG 160 comfort and HuBDIC HBP–1520), using two calibrated blood pressure simulators (Fluke BP Pump 2 and Fluke ProSim). Using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, significant differences between the simulators have been proved for all measurements – both for SBP and DBP measurements and both for Hartmann Digital HG 160 and HuBDIC HBP–1520 tonometers (p < 0.001). Therefore, without the precise knowledge of the relationship between the blood pressure monitor and the simulator used, it is not appropriate to use simulators to determine the overall error. On the other hand, the tested devices had a very good repeatability of the measurements at all presets, with both simulators. From this point of view, it is suitable to use simulators to determine the stability of measurement by a given tonometer rather than its clinical accuracy.
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46

Malacara Hernández, Daniel. "Analysis of the externally introduced spherical aberration when testing an assembled image forming optical system with Hartmann test." Optical Engineering 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 013602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2431350.

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47

Moosbach, E., and H. Hartkamp. "Influence of carrier gas pressure on permeation rates of the ?Hartmann & Braun CGP?-NO2-test gas generator." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 347, no. 12 (1993): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00324236.

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48

Abecassis, Úrsula, Davies de Lima Monteiro, Luciana Salles, Carlos de Moraes Cruz, and Pablo Agra Belmonte. "Impact of CMOS Pixel and Electronic Circuitry in the Performance of a Hartmann-Shack Wavefront Sensor." Sensors 18, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 3282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103282.

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This work presents a numerical simulation of a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor (WFS) that assesses the impact of integrated electronic circuitry on the sensor performance, by evaluating a full detection chain encompassing wavefront sampling, photodetection, electronic circuitry and wavefront reconstruction. This platform links dedicated C algorithms for WFS to a SPICE circuit simulator for integrated electronics. The complete codes can be easily replaced in order to represent different detection or reconstruction methods, while the circuit simulator employs reliable models of either off-the-shelf circuit components or custom integrated circuit modules. The most relevant role of this platform is to enable the evaluation of the applicability and constraints of the focal plane of a given wavefront sensor prior to the actual fabrication of the detector chip. In this paper, we will present the simulation results for a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor with an orthogonal array of quad-cells (QC) integrated along with active-pixel (active-pixel sensor (APS)) circuitry and analog-to-digital converters (ADC) on a “complementary metal oxide semiconductor” (CMOS) process and deploying a modal wavefront reconstructor. This extended simulation capability for wavefront sensors enables the test and verification of different photosensitive and circuitry topologies for position-sensitive detectors combined with the simulation of sampling microlenses and reconstruction algorithms, with the goal of enhancing the accuracy in the prediction of the wavefront-sensor performance before a detector CMOS chip is actually fabricated.
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49

Zhang, H., M. Charmchi, D. Veilleux, and M. Faghri. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Melting in the Presence of a Magnetic Field: Simulation of Low-Gravity Environment." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 4 (December 12, 2006): 568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2709961.

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In this paper, numerical and experimental studies are presented on melting behavior of a pure metal in the presence of a static magnetic field. When a transverse magnetic field is present and the working fluid is electrically conductive, the fluid motion in the magnetic field results in a force field (Lorentz forces) that will dampen the convective flows. Buoyancy driven flows are the focus of this study to simulate low-gravity conditions. Hartmann (Ha) number, a dimensionless parameter proportional to the strength of the magnetic field, dominates the convection flow suppression. The effects of the magnetic strength on melting rate and on the profile of the solid/melt interface are studied. The experiments are conducted with pure gallium as phase change material inside a rectangular test cell. The solid thickness at its side center position is measured by an ultrasound device and the solid/melt interface profile is captured via reflection florescent-light photography. Temperature measurements and volume expansion/contraction tracking are used to provide further details and to verify the numerical results. Magnetically induced low-gravity environments were extensively studied numerically, where the details of the flow field were obtained. The experimental and numerical results compare very well especially, at larger Hartmann numbers. The results showed that a magnetic filed could be used to simulate key melting characteristics found in actual low-gravity environments. However, under strong magnetic field, numerical simulations revealed a different three-dimensional flow structure in the melt region compared to the actual low-gravity flow fields where the flow circulations are smoothly curved.
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50

Afzali, Babak, and Hassan Karimi. "Numerical investigation on thermo-acoustic effects and flow characteristics in semi-conical Hartmann–Sprenger resonance tube." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 14 (September 28, 2016): 2706–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016670419.

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Hartmann–Sprenger tube is a device in which an underexpanded jet enters a closed end tube that is placed in a specific distance from the nozzle. In specific conditions, a standing shock is built in front of the tube, which oscillates based on the tube resonance frequency and creates oscillatory flows with periodic shock motions along the tube. In these conditions, intensive temperature rise could be observed near the tube end wall. Considering these thermal effects, the device could be used as a combustion starter in the space propulsion systems. The present study focuses on flow analysis in various phases of the oscillatory process in a semi-conical PTFE resonance tube by the aim of numerical simulation results. An experimental test is also performed for validation purposes. The T–S diagram is plotted to describe the thermal effects in detail during the oscillatory processes. Various modes of shock contact with flow front are described. In order to follow up the shock traveling process, the diagrams of changes related to major flow properties inside the tube are used. Generation of small turbulences at the moments of combination of compression waves and beginning of flow entrance is also detected. According to the results, traveling of shock waves through the trapped gas was found to be the major mechanism for heat generation inside the tube. The thermal effects are also compared in the conical and cylindrical tubes. The flow analysis will lead to increase in insight for shock motion and heat generation mechanism in a semi-conical Hartmann–Sprenger tube.
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