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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Harm reduction

Academic literature on the topic 'Harm reduction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Harm reduction"

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Hubbard, John R. "Harm Reduction." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 60, no. 6 (June 15, 1999): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v60n0612c.

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McNeill, Ann. "Harm reduction." BMJ 328, no. 7444 (April 8, 2004): 885–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7444.885.

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Chapman, S. "Harm reduction." Tobacco Control 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.12.4.341.

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Normand, Jacques, Jih-Heng Li, Nicholas Thomson, and Don Des Jarlais. "Harm reduction." Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 21, no. 4 (December 2013): S10—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2013.09.022.

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Bok, Marcia, and Julio Morales. "Harm Reduction." Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention & Education for Adolescents & Children 3, no. 3 (February 4, 2000): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j129v03n03_06.

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Schreiber, Rachel. "Harm Reduction." Radical History Review 2024, no. 149 (May 1, 2024): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-11027457.

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Oh, Jay J. "Revisiting Harm Reduction Strategy: Is Harm Reduction Harmful?" Ethics & Medics 48, no. 10 (2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/em2023481017.

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Harm reduction strategies aim at protecting those with substance use disorders from using in dangerous situations. This is done by providing safe injection sites with clean needles, as well as other controlled situations that prevent the spread of disease and decrease the likelihood of overdose. Some argue that this encourages dangerous behavior when the best approach would be to encourage abstinence. However, advocates say that harm reduction strategies give the best opportunity for counseling and offer hope for recovery. This article explores both arguments.

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Wormer, Katherine Van. "Harm Induction vs. Harm Reduction." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 29, no. 1-2 (September 1, 1999): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v29n01_03.

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Pierce, John. "Harm reduction or harm maintenance?" Nicotine & Tobacco Research 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1462220021000032834.

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Giovino, Gary A. "TOBACCO HARM REDUCTION INVOLVES MORE THAN CIGARETTE HARM REDUCTION." American Journal of Public Health 94, no. 8 (August 2004): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.8.1294.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Harm reduction"

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Brooks, Billy. "Harm Reduction Panel." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3182.

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Ponton, Rhys. "Evidence based harm reduction." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438656.

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Review of the literature demonstrated that knowledge surrounding the process of illicit drug injection preparation is limited. A better understanding of the details of injection preparation methods could inform study of the risks and complications, as well as the development of harm reduction advice. This project had two main objectives: To characterise the injection preparation process in detail, then to attempt to quantify the risks posed by these injections through laboratory investigations. The project had specific focus on the use of the acids by injectors to increase the solubility of insoluble illicit drugs. To study injection preparation, a novel interview was designed to record the methods that a cohort of injectors used to prepare their injections of heroin and 'crack' cocaine. The interview incorporated two separate sections: firstly a semi-structured questionnaire, then observation of participants preparing an inert 'fake drug' for injection using their usual preparation procedure for real drug. The injector interviews documented the use of acids by injectors in detail. The injection preparation demonstration enabled a complete characterisation of the preparation procedures for heroin, crack and speedball injections and enabled the development of a standardised method by which injections using real drug samples could be reproduced in the laboratory. Prepared injections were subjected to a number of assays to evaluate their properties. These assays allowed a comparison with pharmaceutically prepared injections (pharmacopoeia standards) to provide some quantification of risk. Investigations were conducted into the drug content, the microflora, the particulate content and the physical characteristics of the injections. Electrospray mass spectrometry was used to identify the components within illicit heroin samples. This methodology has never before been used to examine illicit drug samples. The project developed microbiological investigation techniques that enabled the isolation and identification of micro-organisms within drug injection solutions. Particulate content of injection solutions was found to be high, and the use of rudimentary illicit filters was shown to add to this. The use of filters made specifically for illicit drug users could significantly reduce this content. Overall, no significant risks were identified and this supports current harm reduction advice which was not based on any published research.

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Chen, Jia-shin. "Assembling harm reduction policy in Taiwan." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390036.

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Beem, Amanda. "Governing cannabis highs and harms: Australia's neoliberal harm minimisation illicit drugs framework." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203745/1/Amanda_Beem_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis applies Bacchi's (2009; 2016) policy analysis framework, to Australian illicit drug policy texts (1985–2017) to interrogate exercises of power in illicit drug policy. Findings reveal the dominance of legal and health/well-being discourses which produce the body as a site of self-governance ('responsibilisation'), while epidemiological narratives narrow the cannabis 'problem' and omit why cannabis is used for recreation. Failure to resolve the historical influence of morality associated with public health rationalities and their intersection with law and order has meant that harm minimisation, which empowers citizens through the governance of self, is constrained by sovereign power.

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Phillips, Kristina T. "Applying the Relapse Model to Harm Reduction: The Development and Evaluation of the Harm Reduction Self-Efficacy Questionnaire." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1131342662.

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Pack, Robert P. "Empowering Appalachia: Preventing HIV through Harm Reduction." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1334.

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Hathaway, Andrew D. "Harm reduction, human rights, and Canada's cannabis controversy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ66270.pdf.

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Lee, Heather Sophia. "Participant generated outcomes of two harm reduction programs." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3223642.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3737. Adviser: William T. Trent. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-152) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

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Hagemeier, Nicholas E., and Karilynn Dowling. "Community Pharmacists and Harm Reduction: Evidence and Opportunities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5421.

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Harm reduction is a concept that has gained momentum as it relates to prevention of negative consequences of drug use. Some harm reduction approaches, such as naloxone provision, have garnered significant support, whereas others, such as providing access to clean syringes, are the exception as opposed the rule. Evidence suggests there is significant variation in harm reduction behaviors among providers, including community pharmacists. Community pharmacies are one of the most accessible points for healthcare; approximately 90% of U.S. residents live within five miles of a pharmacy. Therefore, pharmacies have a great opportunity to promote and engage their communities in harm reduction approaches. This session will examine evidence-based harm reduction approaches that can be employed in community pharmacies. The presenters will use their syringe dispensing research conducted across three states to describe the current harm reduction climate in community pharmacies. During this interactive session, participants will discuss scenarios in which they are encouraged to evaluate their own attitudes and beliefs toward non-Rx syringe sales, naloxone dispensing and other harm reduction strategies while taking a look at the impact of state level policies on these approaches. The session will be targeted to practicing pharmacists, coalition leaders and harm reduction stakeholders.

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Dearing, Julie. "Reducing alcohol-related harm through utilizing a harm prevention curriculum at the University of Central Oklahoma /." Read online, 2008. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/DearingJ2008.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Harm reduction"

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Foy, Seán. Solution Focused Harm Reduction. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72335-8.

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Petersen, Trudi. Steroids: Harm reduction booklet. Church Village: Mid Glamorgan C.D.A.T., 1993.

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József, Csorba. Harm programs: Reduction in Hungary. Budapest: HCLU, 2003.

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A, Inciardi James, and Harrison Lana D, eds. Harm reduction: National and international perspectives. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc, 2000.

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Great Britain. Cabinet Office. Prime Minister's Strategy Unit. Alcohol harm reduction strategy for England. London: Strategy Unit, 2004.

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Tim, Rhodes, and Dagmar Hedrich. Harm reduction: Evidence, impacts, and challenges. Edited by European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2010.

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A, Inciardi James, and Harrison Lana D, eds. Harm reduction: National and international perspectives. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, Inc., 1999.

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1947-, O'Hare P. A., ed. The Reduction of drug-related harm. London: Routledge, 1992.

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E, Larimer Mary, American Psychological Association, and Governors State University. Communication Services, eds. Harm reduction with high school students. [Washington, DC]: American Psychological Association, 2006.

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Stout, Dee-Dee. Coming to harm reduction kicking & screaming: Looking for harm reduction in a 12-step world. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Harm reduction"

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Harm Reduction." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 1262–63. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_558.

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Lloyd, Linda S. "Harm Reduction." In Encyclopedia of Women’s Health, 550–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_184.

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Orbell, Sheina, Havah Schneider, Sabrina Esbitt, Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, Erica Shreck, Abigail Batchelder, et al. "Harm Reduction." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 895–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_647.

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Tompkins, Michael A. "Harm Reduction." In Clinician's Guide to Severe Hoarding, 49–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1432-6_3.

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Rinehart, Deborah. "Harm Reduction." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 988–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_647.

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Laverack, Glenn. "Harm Reduction." In A–Z of Health Promotion, 75–76. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-35049-7_26.

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Malka, Deborah. "Harm Reduction." In Medicinal Cannabis, 299–304. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003098201-41.

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Malka, Deborah. "Harm Reduction." In Medicinal Cannabis, 299–304. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003098201-41.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Harm Reduction." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 1716–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_558.

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Rausa, Bettina. "Harm Reduction." In Mental Health Practitioner's Guide to HIV/AIDS, 227–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5283-6_42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Harm reduction"

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Mbugua, Njeri, Elizabeth Ann Bukusi, Asunta Wagura, and Elizabeth Ngugi. "P3.170 Women, harm reduction and hiv." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.405.

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Shelby, Renee, Shalaleh Rismani, Kathryn Henne, AJung Moon, Negar Rostamzadeh, Paul Nicholas, N'Mah Yilla-Akbari, et al. "Sociotechnical Harms of Algorithmic Systems: Scoping a Taxonomy for Harm Reduction." In AIES '23: AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3600211.3604673.

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Piquette, Noella, Kathy Haight, and Olu Awosoga. "HARM MINIMIZATION: A TOBACCO REDUCTION FOR YOUTH PROGRAM." In 15th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2022.0623.

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Müller-Maar, O., and A. Schroers. "Harm Reduction – Weiterentwicklung des ‚Frankfurter Weges‘ der Drogenpolitik." In Deutscher Suchtkongress 2022. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755961.

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"CHEMSEX PRACTITIONERS, PEER-LED INTERVENTIONS, AND HARM REDUCTION." In 8th World Congress of the World Association of Dual Disorders (WADD) and the 26th Congress of the Spanish Society of Dual Disorders SEPD. SEPD/WADD, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbookdualdisorders-p-386.

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Shelby, Renee, Shalaleh Rismani, and Negar Rostamzadeh. "Generative AI in Creative Practice: ML-Artist Folk Theories of T2I Use, Harm, and Harm-Reduction." In CHI '24: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642461.

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Wenzel, Kimi, and Geoff Kaufman. "Designing for Harm Reduction: Communication Repair for Multicultural Users' Voice Interactions." In CHI '24: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642900.

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Poole, HW, C. Einon, S. Emery, and S. Link. "P190 Harm reduction in treating smokers: real world data from secondary care." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2022, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 23 to 25 November 2022, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2022-btsabstracts.324.

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Papangelis, Konstantinos, Alan Chamberlain, and Hai-Ning Liang. "Co-Design for Harm Reduction Systems with Online Communities of Bodybuilding Steroid Users." In 2016 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cts.2016.0026.

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Kannan, R. Kamala, G. M. Pradeep, K. Naran Raj, V. Naveenkumar, D. Ramesh Aravinth, and G. Ravindranath Reddy. "Influences of habitat on agriculture spatial assessment and economic evaluation for harm reduction." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIER OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0137840.

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Reports on the topic "Harm reduction"

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Buresh, Christopher, and Sarah Ziegenhorn. The Opioid Epidemic in Iowa and Harm Reduction Strategies. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Public Policy Center, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/rep.001114.

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Cawley, John, and Davide Dragone. Harm Reduction: When Does It Improve Health, and When Does it Backfire? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30926.

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Lane, Roger, Larry Lewis, and Himayu Shiotani. Opportunities to Improve Military Policies and Practices to Reduce Civilian Harm From Explosive Weapons in Urban Conflict. UNIDIR, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/caap/19/pacav/11.

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This research paper seeks to contribute to further thinking and dialogue among States and their militaries that conduct operations in urbanized environments on what more can be done to reduce civilian harm by proposing practical measures in the form of options for consideration. UNIDIR seeks to enhance knowledge on ways to reduce risks and mitigate harm to civilians from the effects of explosive weapons in urbanized environments. This research frames the issue of explosive weapons in the broader context of protection of civilians in urban conflict and focuses on multilateral operations. The research takes a comprehensive approach to civilian protection from a ‘risk reduction’ perspective—that is, seeking to understand where the risks and uncertainties lie in the entire ‘civilian protection life cycle’, recognizing that civilian harm is the cumulative effect of numerous risks and decisions made from formulating mandates, planning, execution, assessment and response to lessons learned and institutional learning. Particular focus is placed on the targeting and weaponeering processes.

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Wan, Wilfred, and Nivedita Raju. Escalation Risks at the Space–Nuclear Nexus. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/fzdw6296.

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Space systems are essential for nuclear and non-nuclear missions for China, Russia and the United States, with the space domain central in their national security strategies. Amid the strategic competition and rivalry between the three states, their threat perceptions exhibit unprecedented levels of worst-case scenario thinking, signalling a preparedness to respond with force in case of attacks or incidents involving space systems. Escalation risks in outer space, even possibly extending to the use of nuclear weapons, thus appear to be growing, especially as the deterrent role of such weapons is expanding to account for more capabilities with strategic effect. While different variables will impact escalation dynamics at the intersection of outer space, nuclear weapons and related systems (the ‘space–nuclear nexus’), some factors clearly contribute to the risk of escalation. These include strategic ambiguity and unclear red lines on what actions could result in potential nuclear retaliation. These fuzzy red lines are further blurred by the many uncertainties in space operations, such as congestion of orbits, considerations of potential civilian harm, the role of commercial actors in space, and the integration of artificial intelligence into space systems. Additional space–nuclear-related risk reduction measures are therefore vital. This paper proposes measures at the multilateral, bilateral and unilateral levels for China, Russia and the USA to consider.

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Kaitlin, Ball. New Technologies for Combatting Sexual Violence in Conflict and Non-conflict Settings. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.136.

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There are a significant number of new technologies aimed at combatting sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)—primarily in the form of “emergency mobile apps”, but they are generally geographically and culturally limited, and under-studied. There are fewer applications of new technologies addressing conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV), as regards prevention, monitoring, and early warning systems. Well established issues related to the under-reporting of SGBV also impact the accuracy of digital monitoring tools used in both conflict and non-conflict contexts. The use of digital tools to combat SGBV also raises novel challenges related to new technologies, such as bias and data protection concerns. This report reviews evidence of the deployment of new technologies to address sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) both in and outside of conflict settings, and the potential for applications from non-conflict settings to apply to CRSV. Although certain literature is beginning to address the specific limitations of new technologies (e.g. usability in urban environments, cultural and linguistic appropriateness, and other accessibility questions), the limited nature of the literature assessing these new technologies and—more importantly—the design of these new technologies, means that the needs of disabled individuals, LGBTQIA+, and even men and boys, are often not centred or addressed in the design and critique of these new technologies. The review found that the studies assessing new technologies designed for and deployed in non-conflict settings identify many of the same issues affecting societal understanding of SGBV generally (under-reporting, for example), as well as new issues specific to the digital turn, such as serious and evolving privacy and data protection concerns. As regards the application of new technologies to CRSV specifically, both the applications and literature assessing them are nascent. Nevertheless, scholars are seeking to define frameworks aimed at harm reduction for the proliferation of new technologies in the humanitarian field specific to CRSV.

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Kaawa-Mafigiri, David, Megan Schmidt-Sane, and Tabitha Hrynick. Key Considerations for RCCE in the 2022 Ebola Outbreak Response in Greater Kampala, Uganda. Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.037.

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On 20 September 2022, an outbreak of the Sudan strain of Ebola Virus Disease – SVD – was announced as the first laboratory-confirmed patient was identified in a village in Mubende District in central Uganda. Uganda’s Ministry of Health (MoH) activated the National Task Force and developed and deployed a National Response Plan, which includes the activation of District Task Forces. The target areas include the epicentre (Mubende and Kassanda districts) and surrounding areas, as well as Masaka, Jinja and Kampala cities. This is of great concern, as Kampala is the capital city with a high population and linkages to neighbouring districts and international locations (via Entebbe Airport). It is also a serious matter given that there has been no outbreak of Ebola before in the city. This brief details how Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) activities and approaches can be adapted to reach people living in Greater Kampala to increase adoption of preventive behaviours and practices, early recognition of symptoms, care seeking and case reporting. The intended audiences include the National Task Force and District Task Forces in Kampala, Mukono, and Wakiso Districts, and other city-level RCCE practitioners and responders. The insights in this brief were collected from emergent on-the-ground observations from the current outbreak by embedded researchers, consultations with stakeholders, and a rapid review of relevant published and grey literature. This brief, requested by UNICEF Uganda, draws from the authors’ experience conducting social science research on Ebola preparedness and response in Uganda. It was written by David Kaawa-Mafigiri (Makerere University), Megan Schmidt-Sane (Institute of Development Studies (IDS)), and Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), with contributions from the MoH, UNICEF, the Center for Health, Human Rights and Development (CEHURD), the Uganda Harm Reduction Network (UHRN), Population Council and CLEAR Global/Translators without Borders. It includes some material from a SSHAP brief developed by Anthrologica and the London School of Economics. It was reviewed by the Uganda MoH, University of Waterloo, Anthrologica, IDS and the RCCE Collective Service. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.

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Halevy, Orna, Sandra Velleman, and Shlomo Yahav. Early post-hatch thermal stress effects on broiler muscle development and performance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597933.bard.

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In broilers, the immediate post-hatch handling period exposes chicks to cold or hot thermal stress, with potentially harmful consequences to product quantity and quality that could threaten poultry meat marketability as a healthy, low-fat food. This lower performance includes adverse effects on muscle growth and damage to muscle structure (e.g., less protein and more fat deposition). A leading candidate for mediating the effects of thermal stress on muscle growth and development is a unique group of skeletal muscle cells known as adult myoblasts (satellite cells). Satellite cells are multipotential stem cells that can be stimulated to follow other developmental pathways, especially adipogenesis in lieu of muscle formation. They are most active during the first week of age in broilers and have been shown to be sensitive to environmental conditions and nutritional status. The hypothesis of the present study was that immediate post-hatch thermal stress would harm broiler growth and performance. In particular, growth characteristics and gene expression of muscle progenitor cells (i.e., satellite cells) will be affected, leading to increased fat deposition, resulting in long-term changes in muscle structure and a reduction in meat yield. The in vitro studies on cultured satellite cells derived from different muscle, have demonstrated that, anaerobic pectoralis major satellite cells are more predisposed to adipogenic conversion and more sensitive during myogenic proliferation and differentiation than aerobic biceps femoris cells when challenged to both hot and cold thermal stress. These results corroborated the in vivo studies, establishing that chronic heat exposure of broiler chicks at their first two week of life leads to impaired myogenicity of the satellite cells, and increased fat deposition in the muscle. Moreover, chronic exposure of chicks to inaccurate temperature, in particular to heat vs. cold, during their early posthatch periods has long-term effects of BW, absolute muscle growth and muscle morphology and meat quality. The latter is manifested by higher lipid and collagen deposition and may lead to the white striping occurrence. The results of this study emphasize the high sensitivity of muscle progenitor cells in the early posthatch period at a time when they are highly active and therefore the importance of rearing broiler chicks under accurate ambient temperatures. From an agricultural point of view, this research clearly demonstrates the immediate and long-term adverse effects on broiler muscling and fat formation due to chronic exposure to hot stress vs. cold temperatures at early age posthatch. These findings will aid in developing management strategies to improve broiler performance in Israel and the USA. BARD Report - Project4592 Page 2 of 29

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Dahm, Philipp, Michelle Brasure, Elizabeth Ester, Eric J. Linskens, Roderick MacDonald, Victoria A. Nelson, Charles Ryan, et al. Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer230.

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Objective. To update findings from previous Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)- and American Urological Association (AUA) funded reviews evaluating therapies for clinically localized prostate cancer (CLPC). Sources. Bibliographic databases (2013–January 2020); ClinicalTrials.gov; systematic reviews Methods. Controlled studies of CLPC treatments with duration ≥5 years for mortality and metastases and ≥1 year for quality of life and harms. One investigator rated risk of bias (RoB), extracted data, and assessed certainty of evidence; a second checked accuracy. We analyzed English-language studies with low or medium RoB. We incorporated findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified in the prior reviews if new RCTs provided information on the same intervention comparison. Results. We identified 67 eligible references; 17 were unique RCTs. Among clinically rather than prostate specific antigen (PSA) detected CLPC, Watchful Waiting (WW) may increase mortality and metastases versus Radical Prostatectomy (RP) at 20+ years. Urinary and erectile dysfunction were lower with WW versus RP. WW’s effect on mortality may vary by tumor risk and age but not by race, health status, comorbidities, or PSA. Active Monitoring (AM) probably results in little to no difference in mortality in PSA detected CLPC versus RP or external beam radiation (EBR) plus Androgen Deprivation (AD) regardless of tumor risk. Metastases were slightly higher with AM. Harms were greater with RP than AM and mixed between EBR plus AD versus AM. 3D-conformal EBR and AD plus low-dose-rate brachytherapy (BT) provided a small reduction in all-cause mortality versus three dimensional conformal EBR and AD but little to no difference on metastases. EBR plus AD versus EBR alone may result in a small reduction in mortality and metastases in higher risk disease but may increase sexual harms. EBR plus neoadjuvant AD versus EBR plus concurrent AD may result in little to no difference in mortality and genitourinary toxicity. Conventionally fractionated EBR versus ultrahypofractionated EBR may result in little to no difference in mortality and metastases and urinary and bowel toxicity. Active Surveillance may result in fewer harms than photodynamic therapy and laparoscopic RP may result in more harms than robotic-assisted RP. Little information exists on other treatments. No studies assessed provider or hospital factors of RP comparative effectiveness. Conclusions. RP reduces mortality versus WW in clinically detected CLPC but causes more harms. Effectiveness may be limited to younger men or to those with intermediate risk disease and requires many years to occur. AM results in little to no mortality difference versus RP or EBR plus AD. EBR plus AD reduces mortality versus EBR alone in higher risk CLPC but may worsen sexual function. Adding low-dose-rate BT to 3D-conformal EBR and AD may reduce mortality in higher risk CLPC. RCTs in PSA-detected and MRI staged CLPC are needed.

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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu, and Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.

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Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.

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Gromyko, Alexey. Comments on the Brussels Summit Communique, 14 June 2021. Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences (IERAS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/analytics32220211922.

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All in all, the document sadly contains few tangibles on NATO-Russia military risk reduction even on practical issues of obvious mutual interest. At the same time, it has incorporated a new dose of harsh rhetoric against Russia, which in some instances runs counter to the results of the Geneva summit. Some parts of the documents contradict each other. There is an impression that as far as Russia is concerned the task of the document was to strengthen even further its “hard talk” on Russia while keeping a minimal set of formal references about selective engagement. The Communique tilts further in the direction of raising stakes and showing no interest of NATO in playing its own or at least supportive role in military de-escalation in Europe. It seems that in this regard the Alliance’s intention is to wait and see what will happen next in Russia – US relations.

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