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Journal articles on the topic 'Hard tissue reconstruction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Tosiriwatanapong, Terawat, and Weerachai Singhatanadgit. "Zirconia-Based Biomaterials for Hard Tissue Reconstruction." Bone and Tissue Regeneration Insights 9 (January 1, 2018): 1179061X1876788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179061x18767886.

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Implantable biomaterials are increasingly important in the practice of modern medicine, including fixative, replacement, and regeneration therapies, for reconstruction of hard tissues in patients with pathologic osseous and dental conditions. A number of newly developed advanced biomaterials have been introduced as promising candidates for tissue reconstruction. Among these, zirconia-based biomaterials have gained attention as a biomaterial for hard tissue reconstruction due to superior mechanical properties and good chemical and biological compatibilities. This review summarizes the types of zirconia, advantages of zirconia-based biomaterials for hard tissue reconstruction including bone and dental tissues, responses of tissue and cells to zirconia, and surface modifications for enhanced bioactivity of zirconia. Current and future applications of zirconia-based biomaterials for bone and dental reconstruction, ie, medical implanted devices, dental prostheses, and biocompatible osteogenic scaffolds, are also discussed.

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Lautenschlager, Stephan. "DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION OF SOFT-TISSUE STRUCTURES IN FOSSILS." Paleontological Society Papers 22 (September 2016): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/scs.2017.10.

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AbstractIn the last two decades, advances in computational imaging techniques and digital visualization have created novel avenues for the study of fossil organisms. As a result, paleontology has undergone a shift from the pure study of physically preserved bones and teeth, and other hard tissues, to using virtual computer models to study specimens in greater detail, restore incomplete specimens, and perform biomechanical analyses. The rapidly increasing application of these techniques has further paved the way for the digital reconstruction of soft-tissue structures, which are rarely preserved or otherwise available in the fossil record. In this contribution, different types of digital soft-tissue reconstructions are introduced and reviewed. Provided examples include methodological approaches for the reconstruction of musculature, endocranial components (e.g., brain, inner ear, and neurovascular structures), and other soft tissues (e.g., whole-body and life reconstructions). Digital techniques provide versatile tools for the reconstruction of soft tissues, but given the nature of fossil specimens, some limitations and uncertainties remain. Nevertheless, digital reconstructions can provide new information, in particular if interpreted in a phylogenetically grounded framework. Combined with other digital analytical techniques (e.g., finite element analysis [FEA], multibody dynamics analysis [MDA], and computational fluid dynamics [CFD]), soft-tissue reconstructions can be used to elucidate the paleobiology of extinct organisms and to test competing evolutionary hypotheses.

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Harris, Christopher M., and Robert Laughlin. "Reconstruction of Hard and Soft Tissue Maxillofacial Defects." Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, no. 1 (March 2013): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cxom.2012.12.004.

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Kim, Roderick Y., Momofiyin Sokoya, Fayette C. Williams, Tom Shokri, and Yadranko Ducic. "Role of Free Tissue Transfer in Facial Trauma." Facial Plastic Surgery 35, no. 06 (November 29, 2019): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700880.

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AbstractFor large composite traumatic defects of the head and neck, free tissue transfer presents a reconstructive allowing for the reconstitution of both form and function. Furthermore, the ability to provide bulk, soft, and hard tissue, as well as immediate dental rehabilitation, makes free tissue transfer an efficient and attractive option for head and neck reconstruction. Herein, we discuss the utility of free tissue transfer in facial trauma, its problems, complications, and controversies.

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Badhey, Arvind K., and Mohemmed N. Khan. "Palatomaxillary Reconstruction: Fibula or Scapula." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 34, no. 02 (May 2020): 086–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709431.

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AbstractPalatomaxillary reconstruction presents a unique challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. The maxillofacial skeleton preserves critical aerodigestive functions—it provides a stable hard palate to support mastication and separate the nasal and oral cavities, and buttress support to provide adequate midface contour. Free tissue transfer has become a routine part of the reconstructive ladder in managing palatomaxillary defects. While there is a wide variety of options for bony reconstruction within the head and neck, the fibula and the scapula, and their variations, have become two of the most commonly used options for midface reconstruction. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both in specific regard to reconstruction of the palatomaxillary area.

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Tanaka, Shinzo, Manabu Minoyama, and Masahiro Tanabe. "Reconstruction of the Arytenoid with Hard Tissue after Partial Laryngectomy." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 95, no. 3 (2002): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.95.281.

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Marx, Robert E. "Principles of hard and soft tissue reconstruction of the jaws." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 49, no. 8 (August 1991): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90553-x.

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Jung, S. Heredero, G. Sánchez Aniceto, I. Zubillaga Rodríguez, R. Gutiérrez Diaz, and I. I. García Recuero. "Posttraumatic Frontal Bone Osteomyelitis." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 2, no. 2 (May 2009): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1202594.

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We present the clinical case of a patient with open bilateral frontal sinus fractures who developed a frontal osteomyelitis. A review of the problem and management ascending to the different alternatives for central anterior skull base defects and fronto-orbital reconstruction is also presented. After extensive radical debridement of the necrotic bone, final reconstruction of the skull base was performed by using a rectus abdominis free flap. A custom-made hard tissue replacement implant was used for the fronto-orbital reconstruction. Extensive debridement is required for the treatment of frontal osteomyelitis. An appropriate isolation of the skull base from the upper aerodigestive system must be obtained to prevent continuous infectious complications. Free flaps are especially useful for skull base reconstruction when traditional methods are not available or have failed because of the lack of available tissue for vascularized reconstruction. Custom-made alloplastic implants are a good reconstructive option for large fronto-orbital defects once the infection is gone and vascularized tissue has been transferred.

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Wang, Li Ping, Jiang Hui Dong, Long Wang, Hong Jian Liao, and Rong Lin Liang. "Study on Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Individualized Maxillofacial Soft and Hard Tissue." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 2137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.2137.

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The three-dimensional modeling of the maxillofacial soft and hard tissue has a great significance for the study of facial growth and development, diagnosis and treatment of facial deformity, postoperative face prediction and treatment evaluation. The key technology of the maxillofacial soft and hard tissue reconstruction is described.

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Yoshihara, Kumiko, Yasuhiro Yoshida, Noriyuki Nagaoka, Daisuke Fukegawa, Satoshi Hayakawa, Atsushi Mine, Mariko Nakamura, et al. "Nano-controlled molecular interaction at adhesive interfaces for hard tissue reconstruction." Acta Biomaterialia 6, no. 9 (September 2010): 3573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.03.024.

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Dias, Paulo Eduardo Miamoto, Thiago Leite Beaini, and Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff Melani. "Evaluation of osifix software with craniofacial anthropometric purposes." Journal of Research in Dentistry 1, no. 4 (December 14, 2013): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v1e42013351-367.

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Forensic Facial Reconstruction is a branch of Forensic Anthropology that attempts to approximate the appearance of an unknown individual through soft tissue reconstruction, after anthropological craniofacial analysis is carried out. The reconstruction publicized in the media aims at a recognition, which can trigger formal human identification. Knowing the anthropometric relationships between hard and soft tissues is useful to increase the accuracy of reconstructions. It was sought to evaluate the performance of the software OsiriX as a tool for anthropometric analysis of both hard and soft tissues. In cone beam CBCT scans of eight individuals, seven linear distances, determined by 14 anatomical landmarks on hard and soft tissues were measured. Intra-observer and inter-observer variation were evaluated by two criteria: reproducibility of landmark location on skull surface and reproducibility of measurement values in millimeters. For intra-observer evaluation, the sample was measured twice within an interval of two weeks. To assess inter-observer variation three independent operators performed measurements once. For reproducibility of anatomical landmarks, the metadata containing the distance in millimeters from each point to the origin of the x, y and z axis were obtained from the software. Means and standard deviations for the set of linear measurements and coordinates of the points were analyzed, and the difference between the standard deviations was used to classify reproducibility. For intra and inter-observer variations, most of the landmarks were located with less than 0.5mm of difference between measurements. For the corresponding measurements, made between these landmarks, most were repeated with less than 1.5 mm of difference for both intra and inter-observer variation. In practical terms, the differences detected did not hamper the use of the software as a tool for anthropometric studies. The use of OsiriX is an alternative for anthropological study of craniofacial hard and soft tissues from CBCT.

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Hegedűs, Csaba, Emese Flóra-Nagy, Renáta Martos, Alexander Juhász, Ildikó Fülöp, Sándor Pomaházi, István Péter Nagy, Zoltán Tóth, Ildikó Márton, and Gusztáv Keszthelyi. "3D reconstruction based on hard tissue microtome cross-section pictures in dentistry." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 63, no. 2 (October 2000): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2607(00)00059-6.

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Wallner, Jürgen, Marcus Rieder, Michael Schwaiger, Bernhard Remschmidt, Wolfgang Zemann, and Mauro Pau. "Donor Site Morbidity and Quality of Life after Microvascular Head and Neck Reconstruction with a Chimeric, Thoracodorsal, Perforator-Scapular Flap Based on the Angular Artery (TDAP-Scap-aa Flap)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 4876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164876.

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Extensive defects in the head and neck area often require the use of advanced free flap reconstruction techniques. In this study, the thoracodorsal perforator-scapular free flap technique based on the angular artery (TDAP-Scap-aa flap) was postoperatively evaluated regarding the quality of life and the donor site morbidity using the standardized SF-36 and DASH questionnaires (short form health 36 and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand scores). Over a five-year period (2016–2020), 20 selected cases (n = 20) requiring both soft and hard tissue reconstruction were assessed. On average, the harvested microvascular free flaps consisted of 7.8 ± 2.1 cm hard tissue and 86 ± 49.8 cm2 soft tissue components. At the donor site (subscapular region), only a mild morbidity was observed (DASH score: 21.74 ± 7.3 points). When comparing the patients’ postoperative quality of life to the established values of the healthy German norm population, the observed SF-36 values were within the upper third (>66%) of these established norm values in almost all quality-of-life subcategories. The mild donor site morbidity and the observed quality of life indicate only a small postoperative impairment when using the TDAP-Scap-aa free flap for the reconstruction of extensive maxillofacial defects.

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Moncal, Kazim K., Hemanth Gudapati, Kevin P. Godzik, Dong N. Heo, Youngnam Kang, Elias Rizk, Dino J. Ravnic, et al. "Tissue Engineering: Intra‐Operative Bioprinting of Hard, Soft, and Hard/Soft Composite Tissues for Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction (Adv. Funct. Mater. 29/2021)." Advanced Functional Materials 31, no. 29 (July 2021): 2170212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202170212.

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Zrnc, Tomislav A., Josip Tomic, Peter V. Tomazic, Hamid Hassanzadeh, Matthias Feichtinger, Wolfgang Zemann, Philipp Metzler, and Mauro Pau. "Complex Mandibular Reconstruction for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma—The Ongoing Challenge in Reconstruction and Rehabilitation." Cancers 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113198.

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Large head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors affecting the mandible require a versatile reconstruction to maintain form, function, and quality of life. Large defect reconstruction of soft and hard tissue in the head and neck necessitates, at best, one vascular system including various tissues by large dimensions. The subscapular flap system seems to meet these standards. A retrospective study was conducted focusing on clinical data, including an analysis of the quality of life with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaires, (QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N43). A total of 154 patients (122 males, 32 females; age range: 31–71 years, mean: 54.5 years) treated at our department from 1983 through to 2019 were included. Of the subscapular system free flaps (SFFs), 147 were based on the angular artery branch of the thoracodorsal pedicle (95.45%), and the remaining seven cases (4.55%) were lateral scapular border flaps. Mean mandible defect length was 7.3 cm. The mean skin paddle dimension was 86.8 cm2. The most common recipient artery was the thyroid superior artery (79.22%). Major postoperative complications occurred in 13 patients (8.44%). This study confirms that SFFs offer excellent soft and hard tissue quality, component independence, a large arc of rotation length, and a large gauge of pedicle, making them the gold standard for the reconstruction of large composite defects of mandibular HNSCC tumors.

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Pearsall, Allan D., Robert Spears, and Kimberly Sarubbi. "The interfacial behavior of hard tissue replacement as revealed by SEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 854–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100161837.

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INTRODUCTION:Hard Tissue Replacement (HTR) has been postulated to be an effective implant material for bone reconstruction and maintenance. HTR consists of a polymethylmethacrylate core coated with polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate and has been demonstrated in light microscopic studies to attach directly to bone. The present study was performed to add to the available information by investigating the interfacial bonding of this polymer using scanning electron microscopy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, a midline scalp incision was made to expose the calvaria and the periosteum reflected. Trephine defects were prepared by excising a 1 x 2-mm section of bone and the HTR polymer (24 mesh) inserted. The skin and periosteum were reapproximated and the incision closed. Pursuant to vascular perfusion with a mixture of aldehydes, the implants and surrounding tissue were extirpated in situ after 7-, 14-, 28-, and 56-day observation periods. Tissues were then washed in buffer, dehydrated, fractured in liquid nitrogen and dried in Freon. The samples were viewed in a JEOL JSM35CF SEM with x-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDXA).

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Vrbova, Radka, Pavel Bradna, Martin Bartos, Lucie Himmlova, and Tomas Horazdovsky. "THE CURRENT VIEW ON THE USE OF RECONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN DENTISTRY." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 8 (June 30, 2017): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.8.0027.

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The hardest tissue in the human body is the enamel which covers the anatomical crowns of teeth. It must be resistant to mechanical stress and the chemical attack of many substances from food, drinks and products of the metabolism of bacteria present in the oral cavity. These low pH substances dissolve the mineral components of enamel, cause tooth demineralization, and lead to decay or erosion damage with the irreversible loss of dental hard tissues and the necessity of their reconstruction. The range of dental materials intended for dental tissue reconstruction is extensive. Dental amalgam can be mechanically applied into the strongly stressed lateral segments of teeth. The use of amalgam is, however, in decline, with the possible health risks attributed to it, coupled with the need to extensively prepare tooth tissue promoting a shift towards using aesthetically and biologically favourable dental ceramic and polymeric materials instead. Current developments also concentrate on these materials to reinforce this, with polymeric composite materials based on methacrylates with varying amounts of inorganic fillers at the forefront. These materials are distinguished by their good mechanical and aesthetic properties and wear resistance. However, polymerization shrinkage and a strong hydrophobic nature does not allow for their direct bonding to hard dental tissues. Risks associated with the release of residual free monomers from the structure to the environment, which may cause health complications, mainly allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, have been monitored recently. Further development in the field of composite materials aims to reduce or completely eliminate these negatives.

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Wisselink, Hendrik Joost, Gert Jan Pelgrim, Mieneke Rook, Maarten van den Berge, Kees Slump, Yeshu Nagaraj, Peter van Ooijen, Matthijs Oudkerk, and Rozemarijn Vliegenthart. "Potential for dose reduction in CT emphysema densitometry with post-scan noise reduction: a phantom study." British Journal of Radiology 93, no. 1105 (January 2020): 20181019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20181019.

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Objective: The aim of this phantom study was to investigate the effect of scan parameters and noise suppression techniques on the minimum radiation dose for acceptable image quality for CT emphysema densitometry. Methods: The COPDGene phantom was scanned on a third generation dual-source CT system with 16 scan setups (CTDIvol 0.035–10.680 mGy). Images were reconstructed at 1.0/0.7 mm slice thickness/increment, with three kernels (one soft, two hard), filtered backprojection and three grades of third-generation iterative reconstruction (IR). Additionally, deep learning-based noise suppression software was applied. Main outcomes: overlap in area of the normalized histograms of CT density for the emphysema insert and lung material, and the radiation dose required for a maximum of 4.3% overlap (defined as acceptable image quality). Results: In total, 384 scan reconstructions were analyzed. Decreasing radiation dose resulted in an exponential increase of the overlap in normalized histograms of CT density. The overlap was 11–91% for the lowest dose setting (CTDIvol 0.035mGy). The soft kernel reconstruction showed less histogram overlap than hard filter kernels. IR and noise suppression also reduced overlap. Using intermediate grade IR plus noise suppression software allowed for 85% radiation dose reduction while maintaining acceptable image quality. Conclusion: CT density histogram overlap can quantify the degree of discernibility of emphysema and healthy lung tissue. Noise suppression software, IR, and soft reconstruction kernels substantially decrease the dose required for acceptable image quality. Advances in knowledge: Noise suppression software, IR, and soft reconstruction kernels allow radiation dose reduction by 85% while still allowing differentiation between emphysema and normal lung tissue.

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Gandhi, Harjeet Singh. "Patient-appropriate and patient-specific quantification: Application of biomedical sciences and engineering principles for the amelioration of outcomes following reconstruction of osteochondrotomy of the sternum to access the mediastinum." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 22 (May 27, 2022): 86–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v22i.9229.

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It is a fact that the morphology, physiology, and load-bearing activities of two patients are never identical. The normal allometric variations in regional anatomy, primary disease processes, and co-morbid pathologies demand individual treatment planning and selection of implants for surgical repair, reconstruction, and replacement leading to patient-specific and patient-appropriate interventions. It requires quantification of hard and soft tissues of human anatomy directly or indirectly from image data and other evaluation techniques, which can be combined with reconstruction implant to form a composite structure for pre-operative evaluation. Finite element modeling and analysis are routine engineering methods to assess the safety and endurance of the physical structures, which can also be applied for the numerical evaluation of fracture reconstruction. The present study delves into the fundamentals of various imaging techniques and techniques for the acquisition of hard and soft tissue densities to extract material properties and introduces the practice of finite element methods for higher analysis and their intended surgical application.

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Pikos, Michael. "Implant Reconstruction in the Esthetic Zone: Synergy of Hard and Soft Tissue Augmentation." Implant Dentistry 11, no. 4 (December 2002): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008505-200211040-00036.

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Yoshida, Yasuhiro, Takumi Okihara, Mariko Nakamura, and Takuya Matsumoto. "Phosphorylated Pullulan Bioadhesive for Regeneration and Reconstruction of Bone and Tooth." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.516.

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A biodegradable material that bonds to hard tissues such as bones and teeth is urgently needed for medical and dental applications. However, such materials are not available in today’s clinical practice of orthopedics and dentistry. Therefore, we synthesized biodegradable phosphorylated pullulan to develop a biomaterial that combines primary properties such as high biocompatibility, good bonding potential to hard tissue, high strength, biodegradability, and osteoconductivity. The pharmacopoeial polysaccharide pullulan was chemically functionalized with dihydrogen phosphate groups. Phosphorylated pullulan was formed network by adding calcium ion, making the composite less soluble in water. Adhesive force measurement revealed that adhesiveness of the pastes before setting can be controlled through optimization of additives. In addition, histological evaluation revealed that phosphorylated pullulan-based composite possesses high biocompatibility. These results indicate that phosphorylated pullulan can be used as a key material for regeneration and reconstruction of bone and tooth.

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Kim, Young-Kyun. "Regenerative medicine for the reconstruction of hard tissue defects in oral and maxillofacial surgery." Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 38, no. 2 (2012): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2012.38.2.69.

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Pikos, Michael A. "M625: Esthetic Zone Reconstruction: Synergy of Hard and Soft Tissue Grafting With Interactive CT." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 66, no. 8 (August 2008): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2008.05.271.

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Pikos, Michael A. "M613: Esthetic Zone Reconstruction: Synergy of Hard and Soft Tissue Grafting With Interactive CT." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 67, no. 9 (September 2009): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.05.185.

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Pikos, Michael A. "Esthetic zone reconstruction: Synergy of hard and soft tissue augmentation for optimal implant placement." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 62 (August 2004): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2004.05.098.

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Pikos, Michael A. "Esthetic Zone Reconstruction: Synergy of Hard and Soft Tissue Grafting for Optimal Implant Placement." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 63, no. 8 (August 2005): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2005.05.132.

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Pikos, Michael. "Aesthetic zone reconstruction: synergy of hard and soft tissue augmentation for optimal implant placement." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 61, no. 8 (August 2003): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(03)00440-3.

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Pool, Christopher, Tom Shokri, Aurora Vincent, Weitao Wang, Sameep Kadakia, and Yadranko Ducic. "Prosthetic Reconstruction of the Maxilla and Palate." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 34, no. 02 (May 2020): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709143.

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AbstractMaxillary defects commonly present following surgical resection of oncologic processes. The use of rotational and free flaps has largely replaced the use of prosthetic options for hard palate and maxillary reconstruction, but prostheses remain a useful tool. Prosthetic devices may be invaluable in patients considered poor candidates for surgical reconstruction secondary to poor vascularity, need for postoperative radiation, or medical comorbidities that place them at high risk for healing following reconstruction. Obturators may also be considered over soft tissue options if oncologic surveillance via direct visualization of the surgical site is warranted.

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Brauner, Edoardo, Federico Laudoni, Giulia Amelina, Marco Cantore, Matteo Armida, Andrea Bellizzi, Nicola Pranno, Francesca De Angelis, Valentino Valentini, and Stefano Di Carlo. "Dental Management of Maxillofacial Ballistic Trauma." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2022): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060934.

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Maxillofacial ballistic trauma represents a devastating functional and aesthetic trauma. The extensive damage to soft and hard tissue is unpredictable, and because of the diversity and the complexity of these traumas, a systematic algorithm is essential. This study attempts to define the best management of maxillofacial ballistic injuries and to describe a standardized, surgical and prosthetic rehabilitation protocol from the first emergency stage up until the complete aesthetic and functional rehabilitation. In low-velocity ballistic injuries (bullet speed <600 m/s), the wound is usually less severe and not-fatal, and the management should be based on early and definitive surgery associated with reconstruction, followed by oral rehabilitation. High-velocity ballistic injuries (bullet speed >600 m/s) are associated with an extensive hard and soft tissue disruption, and the management should be based on a three-stage reconstructive algorithm: debridement and fixation, reconstruction, and final revision. Rehabilitating a patient with ballistic trauma is a multi-step challenging treatment procedure that requires a long time and a multidisciplinary team to ensure successful results. The prosthodontic treatment outcome is one of the most important parameters by which a patient measures the restoration of aesthetic, functional, and psychological deficits. This study is a retrospective review: twenty-two patients diagnosed with outcomes of ballistic traumas were identified from the department database, and eleven patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled.

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Knitschke, Michael, Christina Bäcker, Daniel Schmermund, Sebastian Böttger, Philipp Streckbein, Hans-Peter Howaldt, and Sameh Attia. "Impact of Planning Method (Conventional versus Virtual) on Time to Therapy Initiation and Resection Margins: A Retrospective Analysis of 104 Immediate Jaw Reconstructions." Cancers 13, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123013.

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Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and patient-specific implants are currently increasing for immediate jaw reconstruction after ablative oncologic surgery. This technique contributes to more accurate and efficient preoperative planning and shorter operation time. The present retrospective, single-center study analyzes the influence of time delay caused by VSP vs. conventional (non-VSP) reconstruction planning on the soft and hard tissue resection margins for necessary oncologic safety. A total number of 104 cases of immediate jaw reconstruction with free fibula flap are included in the present study. The selected method of reconstruction (conventionally, non-VSP: n = 63; digitally, VSP: n = 41) are analyzed in detail. The study reveals a statistically significant (p = 0.008) prolonged time to therapy initiation with a median of 42 days when the VSP method compared with non-VSP (31.0 days) is used. VSP did not significantly affect bony or soft tissue resection margin status. Apart from this observation, no significant differences concerning local tumor recurrence, lymph node, and distant metastases rates are found according to the reconstruction method, and affect soft or bone tissue resection margins. Thus, we conclude that VSP for immediate jaw reconstruction is safe for oncological purposes.

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Bolotin, M. V., V. A. Sobolevsky, I. V. Orlova, I. M. Gelfand, and H. Chen. "The use of a “chimeric” autotissue complex from the subscapularis vascular basin for maxillary reconstruction after malignant tumors resection." Head and Neck Tumors (HNT) 11, no. 3 (November 12, 2021): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2222-1468-2021-11-3-18-29.

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The objective of this work – to evaluate the results of reconstructive interventions using free revascularized tissue complexes of the scapular region in patients after maxillary resection for malignant tumors. Materials and methods. Between 2014–2020 the post-resection maxillary defects were replaced with free blood-sup plied flaps of the scapular region in 19 patients. In Group 1 (n = 10), the defect was eliminated after total maxillectomy with preservation of the eyeball using a “chimeric” tissue complex, parts of which were positioned in several planes. In Group 2 (n = 9), total and subtotal defects of the hard palate and alveolar process were replaced using a free flap with the inclusion of the scapula angle, which was placed horizontally. The functional and aesthetic results of the reconstructions, the degree of morphological correspondence of the reconstructed structures, as well as the incidence of postoperative complications were assessed. Results. In Group 1 total necrosis of the flap was noted in 2 cases (20 %), in 1 (10 %) case – necrosis of the skin fragment). In Group 2 graft necrosis was observed in 1 (11 %) patient. Satisfactory and excellent aesthetic and functional results were achieved in 6 (60 %) patients in Group 1 and 8 (89 %) patients in Group 2. Conclusion. The scapular flap has a number of advantages for microsurgical reconstruction, including the presence of a long vascular pedicle with large vessels, inclusion of different tissues, possibility of harvesting a “chimeric” version (with significant mobility of parts), low rate of vascular lesions in the area, and most importantly, morphologically close location of bone tissue of the scapula to the maxilla, which ensures successful application of this flap for maxillary repair in patients with advanced cancer of the upper jaw.

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Abedi, Niloufar, Zahra Sadat Sajadi-Javan, Monireh Kouhi, Legha Ansari, Abbasali Khademi, and Seeram Ramakrishna. "Antioxidant Materials in Oral and Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration: A Narrative Review of the Literature." Antioxidants 12, no. 3 (February 27, 2023): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030594.

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Oral and maxillofacial tissue defects caused by trauma, tumor reactions, congenital anomalies, ischemic diseases, infectious diseases, surgical resection, and odontogenic cysts present a formidable challenge for reconstruction. Tissue regeneration using functional biomaterials and cell therapy strategies has raised great concerns in the treatment of damaged tissue during the past few decades. However, during biomaterials implantation and cell transplantation, the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) may hinder tissue repair as it commonly causes severe tissue injuries leading to the cell damage. These products exist in form of oxidant molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide ions, hydroxyl radicals, and nitrogen oxide. These days, many scientists have focused on the application of ROS-scavenging components in the body during the tissue regeneration process. One of these scavenging components is antioxidants, which are beneficial materials for the treatment of damaged tissues and keeping tissues safe against free radicals. Antioxidants are divided into natural and synthetic sources. In the current review article, different antioxidant sources and their mechanism of action are discussed. The applications of antioxidants in the regeneration of oral and maxillofacial tissues, including hard tissues of cranial, alveolar bone, dental tissue, oral soft tissue (dental pulp, periodontal soft tissue), facial nerve, and cartilage tissues, are also highlighted in the following parts.

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Baltacıoğlu, Esra, Fatih Mehmet Korkmaz, Nilsun Bağış, Güven Aydın, Pınar Yuva, Yavuz Tolga Korkmaz, and Bora Bağış. "Combined Soft and Hard Tissue Peri-Implant Plastic Surgery Techniques to Enhance Implant Rehabilitation: A Case Report." Open Dentistry Journal 8, no. 1 (November 28, 2014): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601408010207.

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This case report presents an implant-aided prosthetic treatment in which peri-implant plastic surgery techniques were applied in combination to satisfactorily attain functional aesthetic expectations. Peri-implant plastic surgery enables the successful reconstruction and restoration of the balance between soft and hard tissues and allows the option of implant-aided fixed prosthetic rehabilitation.

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Kyutoku, Shigeo, Hiroyuki Tsuji, Toshiya Inoue, Katsuhiro Kawakami, Fu Han, and Yutaka Ogawa. "Experience with the Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap with Vascularized Hard Tissue for Immediate Orbitofacial Reconstruction." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 103, no. 2 (February 1999): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199902000-00006.

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Sunaguchi, Naoki, Tetsuya Yuasa, and Masami Ando. "Iterative reconstruction algorithm for analyzer-based phase-contrast computed tomography of hard and soft tissue." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 14 (September 30, 2013): 143702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4824075.

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Doll, James K., Peter Barndt, and Gerald Grant. "The Dentoalveolar Prosthesis: A Novel Approach in the Reconstruction of Hard and Soft Tissue Deficiencies." Journal of Prosthodontics 27, no. 6 (May 17, 2017): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12557.

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Dorj, Biligzaya, Jong-Eun Won, Joong-Hyun Kim, Seong-Jun Choi, Ueon Sang Shin, and Hae-Won Kim. "Robocasting nanocomposite scaffolds of poly(caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite incorporating modified carbon nanotubes for hard tissue reconstruction." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 101A, no. 6 (November 27, 2012): 1670–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34470.

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Stadlinger, Bernd, Silvio Valdec, Lorenz Wacht, Harald Essig, and Sebastian Winklhofer. "3D-cinematic rendering for dental and maxillofacial imaging." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 49, no. 1 (January 2020): 20190249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190249.

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Objectives: Aim of this technical note is to show the applicability of cinematic rendering (CR) for a photorealistic 3-dimensional (3D) visualization of maxillofacial structures. The focus is on maxillofacial hard tissue pathologies. Methods: High density maxillofacial pathologies were selected in which CR is applicable. Data from both, CT and cone beam CT (CBCT) were postprocessed using a prototype CR software. Results: CR 3D postprocessing of CT and CBCT imaging data is applicable on high density structures and pathologies such as bones, teeth, and tissue calcifications. Image reconstruction allows for a detailed visualization of surface structures, their plasticity, and 3D configuration. Conclusions: CR allows for the generation of photorealistic 3D reconstructions of high density structures and pathologies. Potential applications for maxillofacial bone and tooth imaging are given and examples for CT and CBCT images are displayed.

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Wang, Qing-qing, Siqing Wang, Tian Zhao, Yan Li, Jie Yang, Yumei Liu, He Zhang, Leiying Miao, and Weibin Sun. "Biomimetic oligopeptide formed enamel-like tissue and dentin tubule occlusion via mineralization for dentin hypersensitivity treatment." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 19 (January 2021): 228080002110053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22808000211005384.

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Objective: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common oral disease with approximately 41.9% prevalence. Reconstruction of dental hard tissues is the preferred treatment for relieving DH. Here, we applied biomineralization method using oligopeptide simulating cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) to regenerate hard tissues on demineralized dentin. Methods: The self-assembly and biomineralization property of the oligopeptide were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), circular dichroism spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Oligopeptide’s binding capacity to demineralized dentin was evaluated by SEM and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Remineralization was characterized using SEM, ATR-FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation. Oligopeptide’s biocompatibility was evaluated using periodontal ligament cells. Results: Oligopeptides self-assembled into nano-matrix and templated mineral precursor formation within 24 h. Moreover, oligopeptide nano-matrix bound firmly on demineralized dentin and resisted water rinsing. Then, bound nano-matrix served as a template to initiate nucleation and transformation of hydroxyapatite on demineralized dentin. After 96 h, oligopeptide nano-matrix regenerated an enamel-like tissue layer with a thickness of 15.35 μm, and regenerated crystals occluded dentin tubules with a depth of 31.27 μm. Furthermore, the oligopeptide nano-matrix had good biocompatibility when co-cultured with periodontal ligament cells. Conclusions: This biomimetic oligopeptide simulating CEMP1 effectively induced remineralization and reconstructed hard tissues on demineralized dentin, providing a potential biomaterial for DH treatment.

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Tabit, CJ, G. Slack, B. Andrews, H. Kawamoto, and J. Bradley. "147: BENEFICIAL ROMBERG RECONSTRUCTION DESPITE POORER FAT GRAFT TAKE AND MULTIPLE SOFT AND HARD TISSUE PROCEDURES." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 127 (May 2011): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000396834.44750.d7.

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Kim, Dong Hwan, Bo Young Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Jin Hur, and Chung-Hwan Baek. "Rabbit palatum-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells tri-lineage differentiation on 2D substrates and 3D printed constructs." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 17, no. 3 (July 2019): 228080001983452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800019834520.

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Hard palate, developed by embryo neural crest stem cells, is a tissue with strong regenerative abilities. It is considered an abundant source of progenitor cells, forming various mesenchymal tissues. Rabbits are more suitable models than murine animals for regenerative preclinical study of the head and neck, owing to their larger size. However, there are no reports of the existence or characteristics of neural crest stem cells in the hard palate of rabbits. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the presence of nestin-, Sox2-, and p75-positive neural crest stem cells obtained from the hard palate of rabbits and the properties of these cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CD29, CD44, and CD81 were positive; and CD11b, CD34, and CD90 were negative on the ex vivo expanded palatal progenitor cells. Finally, we differentiated them into cells of mesenchymal lineages (bone, cartilage, and fat) in vitro, and in three-dimensional fabricated polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone–tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. Taken together, our data showed the existence of rabbit palatum-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells, and successful fabrication of progenitor cell-loaded biodegradable scaffold using three-dimensional printing. This study will open avenues for new tissue engineering strategies for cell therapy using three-dimensional printing with scaffolds for reconstruction of head and neck defects.

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Giffin, Emily B. "Paleoneurology: Reconstructing the Nervous Systems of Dinosaurs." Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009540.

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The most tangible clues to the existence and lifestyle of extinct vertebrates are the fossilized bones preserved in sedimentary rocks. During the past two hundred years, scientists have excavated, prepared and reassembled the often fragmentary remains of dinosaurs, enabling them to reconstruct the size, proportions and general anatomy of these Mesozoic reptiles. However, the information available from the bones is not restricted to details of the hard tissues themselves. Bone is a living tissue that interacts with the soft tissues of the body and retains evidence of this interaction after death. As a result, paleontologists are able to use preserved bones and other hard tissues to predict traits of physiological processes and of soft tissues. Prime examples of this approach have been the attempts to predict the thermal regime of dinosaurs. Histological structure of bone has been shown to vary with thermal regime in living vertebrates (Ricqles, 1976; Reid, 1987), and the preserved fine-structure of fossilized dinosaur bone has allowed direct comparison with the bone of living vertebrates. Other examples of reconstruction of lifestyle and soft tissues from bony remains include use of the muscle scars on dinosaur bone to predict size and orientation of muscles (Gatesy, 1990), and of dentition and jaw geometry to predict dietary regime (Weishampel and Norman, 1989).

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Mangano, Francesco Guido, Piero Zecca, Fabrizia Luongo, Giovanna Iezzi, and Carlo Mangano. "Single-Tooth Morse Taper Connection Implant Placed in Grafted Site of the Anterior Maxilla: Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/183872.

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The aim of this study was to achieve aesthetically pleasing soft tissue contours in a severely compromised tooth in the anterior region of the maxilla. For a right-maxillary central incisor with localized advanced chronic periodontitis a tooth extraction followed by reconstructive procedures and delayed implant placement was proposed and accepted by the patient. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique was employed, with a biphasic calcium-phosphate (BCP) block graft placed in the extraction socket in conjunction with granules of the same material and a resorbable barrier membrane. After 6 months of healing, an implant was installed. The acrylic provisional restoration remained in situ for 3 months and then was substituted with the definitive crown. This ridge reconstruction technique enabled preserving both hard and soft tissues and counteracting vertical and horizontal bone resorption after tooth extraction and allowed for an ideal three-dimensional implant placement. Localized severe alveolar bone resorption of the anterior maxilla associated with chronic periodontal disease can be successfully treated by means of ridge reconstruction with GBR and delayed implant insertion; the placement of an early-loaded, Morse taper connection implant in the grafted site was effective to create an excellent clinical aesthetic result and to maintain it along time.

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Mitronin, A., D. Ostanina, A. Ruzina, and O. Khvorostenko. "Aesthetic rehabilitation of posterior teeth with direct composite restorations (a case report)." Endodontics Today 19, no. 3 (October 16, 2021): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36377/1683-2981-2021-19-3-188-189.

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Aesthetic composite restoration is the most common method for dental hard tissue defects reconstruction. Despite the active development and use of ceramic restorations for dental rehabilitation, the introduction of new nanotechnological filling materials has opened up fundamentally new possibilities in restorative dentistry. This article represents a clinical case of direct composite restoration in teeth 25, 26 and 27 using new nanoceramic materials.

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Lanz, Otto I. "Free Tissue Transfer of the Rectus Abdominis Myoperitoneal Flap for Oral Reconstruction in a Dog." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 18, no. 4 (December 2001): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875640101800402.

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A five-month-old intact/male Boxer dog was presented 5-days following bite wound trauma to the maxillary region resulting in an oronasal fistula extending from the maxillary canine teeth to the soft palate. Multiple surgical procedures using local, buccal mucosal flaps failed to repair the oronasal fistula. Free tissue transfer of the rectus abdominis myoperitoneal flap using microvascular surgical techniques was successful in providing soft tissue reconstruction of the hard palate area. Complications of these surgical techniques included muscle contraction and subsequent muzzle distortion. Small, refractory oronasal fistulae at the perimeter of the myoperitoneal flap were repaired by primary wound closure.

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Jensen, Bjørn Christian Skov, and Kim Knudsen. "Sound speed uncertainty in acousto-electric tomography." Inverse Problems 37, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 125011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6420/ac37f8.

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Abstract The goal in acousto-electric tomography is to reconstruct an image of the unknown electric conductivity inside an object from boundary measurements of electrostatic currents and voltages collected while the object is penetrated by propagating ultrasound waves. This problem is a coupled-physics inverse problem. Accurate knowledge of the propagating ultrasound wave is usually assumed and required, but in practice tracking the propagating wave is hard due to inexact knowledge of the interior acoustic properties of the object. In this work, we model uncertainty in the sound speed of the acoustic wave, and formulate a suitable reconstruction method for the interior power density and conductivity. We also establish theoretical error bounds, and show that the suggested approach can be understood as a regularization strategy for the inverse problem. Finally, we numerically simulate the sound speed variations from a numerical breast tissue model, and computationally explore the effect of using an inaccurate sound speed on the error in reconstructions. Our results show that with reasonable uncertainty in the sound speed reliable reconstruction is still possible.

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Belleggia, Fabrizio. "Hard and soft tissue augmentation of vertical ridge defects with the “hard top double membrane technique”: introduction of a new technique and a case report." AIMS Bioengineering 9, no. 1 (2022): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2022003.

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<abstract> <p>Vertical ridge defects (VRD) of the jaws often require both bone and keratinized mucosa (KM) reconstruction. A new staged procedure is proposed to restore both hard and soft tissues in the VRD through a case report. A patient required the lower right second premolar and first molar rehabilitation. The first surgery aimed to restore the bone architecture through the use of a titanium reinforced dense-PTFE (TR-dPTFE) membrane, positioned and stabilized on top of tenting screws. This membrane didn't cover the whole defect, it just created an hard top that avoided the collapse of a collagen membrane that was placed over it. This resorbable membrane was stabilized with tacks and covered the whole defect, protecting a mixture of autogenous bone and porcine xenograft both lingually and buccally. The second surgery was performed after a 5 month healing time either to remove the tenting screws and the TR-dPTFE membrane, and to augment KM with a gingival graft harvested from the palate. Both regenerated hard and soft tissues were left to mature for 7 months before the third surgery. In this last stage implants insertion and healing abutments application were carried out in a straightforward way, since bone and KM had been previously restored. Two bone samples, harvested for histologic evaluation, stated a great amount of new bone formation. This new approach allowed inserting implants in matured and stable regenerated bone and augmented KM, avoiding the hard and soft tissue loss around implant neck that can affect the VRD treatments during healing.</p> </abstract>

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Soltaninia, Omid, Arsalan Ebrahimifard, and Keihan Soleimani. "Reconstruction of Scalp Basal Cell Carcinoma UsingPinwheel Flap: A Case Report." Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 14, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2022.18.

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Ideal reconstruction of the scalp should ensure adequate coverage and protection of the underlying areas of the reconstruction site, include an adequate volume of soft and hard tissue, and contour the reconstruction of the area to accelerate wound healing, acceptable beauty, and proper function and reduce complications after the operation. This study aimed to present our experience regarding basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the scalp and show the reconstructive option for BCC cancer in the scalp. A 69-year-old man was admitted due to the recurrence of the lesions in the forehead and scalp area, and he underwent surgery again one year ago. On initial examination, a lesion sized 5 cm× 5cm with an indistinct margin was visible in the frontal region. The lesion had bleeding, itching, and purulent discharge. Computed tomography scan results indicated skull bone resorption, and pathologic report showed active ulcer BCC with infiltrative growth pattern widely disseminated in deep portion. Tumor size was 4.5 cm × 4.3 cm × 1.5 cm and was negative for lymphovascular invasion. The patient was organized for wide local excision of the lesion. Following the tumor resection, the remaining oval defect was reconstructed using the pinwheel flap under general anesthesia in the operating room. It seems that the pinwheel flap design is an effective approach for the reconstruction of extensive lesions of the scalp.

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Yitschaky, Oded, Meir Redlich, Yossi Abed, Marina Faerman, Nardy Casap, and Nurith Hiller. "Comparison of common hard tissue cephalometric measurements between computed tomography 3D reconstruction and conventional 2D cephalometric images." Angle Orthodontist 81, no. 1 (January 2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/031710-157.1.

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Smeets, Maximiliaan, Evert Matthys, Pieter-Jan Verhelst, and Constantinus Politis. "Bridging mandibular bony defect with patient-specific reconstruction plates without hard tissue component of the vascularised grafts." Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases 4, no. 3 (September 2018): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omsc.2018.04.005.

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