Academic literature on the topic 'Hard superalloys'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hard superalloys":
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Kursuncu, Bilal, Halil Caliskan, Sevki Yilmaz Guven, and Peter Panjan. "Wear Behavior of Multilayer Nanocomposite TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN Coated Carbide Cutting Tool during Face Milling of Inconel 718 Superalloy." Journal of Nano Research 47 (May 2017): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.47.11.
Abstract:
The Inconel 718 superalloy is one of the most-used nickel based superalloys in the aerospace industry due to its superior mechanical properties, for instance, high thermal and chemical resistance, and high strength at elevated temperatures. However, the work hardening tendency, low thermal conductivity and high hardness of this superalloy cause early tool wear, leading to the material to be called as a hard-to-cut material. Therefore, deposition of a wear resistant hard coating on carbide cutting tools has a critical importance for longer tool life in milling operations of the Inconel 718 superalloy. In this study, carbide cutting tools were coated with multilayer nanocomposite TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN coating using the magnetron sputtering technique, and wear behavior of the coated tool was investigated during face milling of the Inconel 718 superalloy under dry conditions. Abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms were founded as main failure mechanisms. The nanocomposite TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN coated carbide cutting tool gave better wear resistance, and thus it provided 1.7 times longer tool life and a smoother surface (Ra<0.18 μm) on the Inconel 718 material than the uncoated one.
2
Pan, Lei, ZR Wu, Lei Fang, and YD Song. "Investigation of surface damage and roughness for nickel-based superalloy GH4169 under hard turning processing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 4 (November 16, 2019): 679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419885789.
Abstract:
Machined surface condition of nickel-based superalloys has an important influence on the functional performance of the components. Proper selection of cutting parameters could improve surface finish and increase service life of parts and components. This research work bases on an experimental and statistical study of turning GH4169 nickel-based superalloy with cemented carbide tool. Surface damages like feed marks, tips, and surface tearing were discussed. The second-order polynomial model was used to describe the surface roughness response. Variance analysis was selected to eliminate the insignificant variables in the roughness model. The response surface methodology was used to investigate the combined effect of cutting parameters on two different dimensions surface roughness parameters. The optimization of cutting parameters for minimum surface roughness was obtained using desirability function method. The results demonstrate that feed rate has the most significant effect on surface roughness. High cutting speed and low feed rate result in better surface quality, but too low feed rate exacerbates built-up edge phenomenon and deteriorates surface condition. Optimal cutting parameters leading to the minimum surface roughness were highlighted.
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Prasad, Ganesha, Raghavendra Kamath C., and Vijay G.S. "A review on conventional and nonconventional machining of Nickel-based Nimonic superalloy." Manufacturing Review 10 (2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2023009.
Abstract:
Superalloys have gained prominence in recent years in various sectors, namely, spacecraft, marine, power, defense, vehicular and others, due to their ability to withstand high temperatures of up to 980 °C without deformation. Nimonics are Nickel-based superalloys usually known to be hard-to-machine materials due to their high strength at high temperatures, higher hardness, low thermal conductivity, and tendency to react with tool material. All these factors increase the level of difficulties in the machining of Nimonic superalloys. Numerous studies have examined various facets of machining of Nimonic alloys. This article summarizes the observation from 152 research articles to offer a reasonable engineering overview of the study of Nimonic alloys. An overview of Nimonic superalloys and their applications is given first. Then, various conventional and non-conventional machining processes, problems associated with multiple machining processes and methods to rectify the issues concerning the machining process have been reported. Thus, this summary will certainly help industrialists and academic researchers for further research work in machining Nimonic alloys.
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Zahedi, Ali, and J. Akbari. "FEM Analysis of Single Grit Chip Formation in Creep-Feed Grinding of Inconel 718 Superalloy." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.128.
Abstract:
Recent advances in materials science have necessitated the development and understanding of manufacturing processes for safe and repeatable utilization. Grinding is shown to be a promising material removal process especially for brittle and hard to cut materials such as superalloys. Grinding has always been associated with analysis and modeling complications regarding its nature which has limited its extension and reliability of use. The first step in analysis of grinding is considering the action of a single abrasive grit on workpiece surface. In this work the action of a single CBN abrasive grit in creep-feed grinding process of Inconel 718 superalloy is modeled and analyzed using a 3D FEM software, DEFORM. Thermal and mechanical characteristics of the mutual interaction between grit and workpiece surface, and different chip formation phases are defined which can further be used to analyze the whole process.
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Díaz-Álvarez, José, Antonio Díaz-Álvarez, Henar Miguélez, and José Cantero. "Finishing Turning of Ni Superalloy Haynes 282." Metals 8, no. 10 (October 18, 2018): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8100843.
Abstract:
Nickel-based superalloys are widely used in the aeronautical industry, especially in components requiring excellent corrosion resistance, enhanced thermal fatigue properties, and thermal stability. Haynes 282 is a nickel-based superalloy that was developed to improve the low weldability, formability, and creep strength of other γ’-strengthened Ni superalloys. Despite the industrial interest in Haynes 282, there is a lack of research that is focused on this alloy. Moreover, it is difficult to find studies dealing with the machinability of Haynes 282. Although Haynes 282 is considered an alloy with improved formability when compared with other nickel alloys, its machining performance should be analyzed. High pressure and temperature localized in the cutting zone, the abrasion generated by the hard carbides included in the material, and the tendency toward adhesion during machining are phenomena that generate extreme thermomechanical loading on the tool during the cutting process. Excessive wear results in reduced tool life, leading to frequent tool change, low productivity, and a high consumption of energy; consequentially, there are increased costs. With regard to tool materials, cemented carbide tools are widely used in different applications, and carbide is a recommended cutting material for turning Haynes 282, for both finishing and roughing operations. This work focuses on the finishing turning of Haynes 282 using coated carbide tools with conventional coolant. Machining forces, surface roughness, tool wear, and tool life were quantified for different cutting speeds and feeds.
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Mukhtarov, Shamil, Artem Ganeev, Marsel Nagimov, Ruslan Shakhov, Vener Valitov, and Farid Utyashev. "Manufacturing of Axisymmetric Components out of Superalloys and Hard-to-Deform Steels by Roll Forming." Key Engineering Materials 746 (July 2017): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.746.69.
Abstract:
Heat-resistant alloys are the basic material of gas turbine engine (GTE) design. Fine-grained structure in these alloys can be formed by isothermal forging and then different axisymmetric GTE components as wheels, shafts, rings can be superplastic roll formed. Examples of the superplastic and isothermal deformation use for manufacturing components out of superalloys and steels for critical applications are given. The possibility of roll forming parts as rings with a diameter up to 800 mm and as flange - cone with a diameter up to 600 mm out of superalloys (Inconel 718, EK79, EP741NP), accordingly, on SRZHD-800 and modified PNC-600 mills were showed. The macrostructure investigations of the components after the roll forming showed that the homogeneous structure was formed. The microstructure at the flange portion was fine-grained and at membrane zone was coarse-grained. Cone part was roll formed at isothermal condition from pre-stamped chromium martensitic steel sheet. Manufacturing technology of roll forming was tested by computer and physical simulation. Service properties of components were obtained by subsequent heat treatment. The effectiveness of the technology associated with increased service properties of components and decreases the labor content by automated equipment.
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ALTIN, Abdullah. "Determination of Cutting Tool Performance Characteristics in Machining Nickel Based Super Alloys." International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences 1, no. 1 (July 20, 2023): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/icaens.1031.
Abstract:
Cutting tool materials often undergo severe mechanical stresses and thermal changes when machining nickel-based superalloys. The stresses and temperatures that arise when machining nickel-based superalloys greatly increase the blunting and wear rate of the cutting tool. As a result, tool life is adversely affected. It is seen from important studies that adhesion and abrasion wear mechanisms are more dominant in the processing of Inconel 718. The work material adheres to the cutting edge, forming a BUE. Depending on the cutting conditions, stable BUE is not always formed and this layer is sometimes repeatedly removed with the chips. Notching in the depth of cut, wear on the tool nose and coating layer is caused by the presence of hard particles in Inconel 718 and causes severe flank wear. Flank wear and notch are the main factors limiting tool life, and oxidation and diffusion occur as a result of high temperatures.
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Jean, Ming-Der, Shu-Yi Tu, and Jen-Ting Wang. "Analysis of Hard-Facing Appearance of Specific Powdered Superalloys for PTA-Coating Processes." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/10599490523904.
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Díaz-Álvarez, Antonio, José Díaz-Álvarez, José Luis Cantero, and Henar Miguélez. "Sustainable High-Speed Finishing Turning of Haynes 282 Using Carbide Tools in Dry Conditions." Metals 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090989.
Abstract:
Nickel-based superalloys exhibit an exceptional combination of corrosion resistance, enhanced mechanical properties at high temperatures, and thermal stability. The mechanical behavior of nickel-based superalloys depends on the grain size and the precipitation state after aging. Haynes 282 was developed in order to improve the creep behavior, formability, and strain-age cracking of the other commonly used nickel-based superalloys. Nevertheless, taking into account the interest of the industry in the machinability of Haynes 282 because of its great mechanical properties, which is not found in other superalloys like Inconel 718 or Waspaloy, more research on this alloy is necessary. Cutting tools suffer extreme thermomechanical loading because of the high pressure and temperature localized in the cutting zone. The consequence is material adhesion during machining and strong abrasion due to the hard carbides included in the material. The main recommendations for finishing turning in Haynes 282 include the use of carbide tools, low cutting speeds, low depth of pass, and the use of cutting fluids. However, because of the growing interest in sustainable processes and cost reduction, dry machining is considered to be one of the best techniques for material removal. During the machining of Haynes 282, at both the finishing and roughing turning, cemented carbide inserts are most commonly used and are recommended all over the industry. This paper deals with the machining of Haynes 282 by means of coated carbide tools cutting fluids (dry condition). Different cutting speeds and feeds were tested to quantify the cutting forces, quality of surface, wear progression, and end of tool life. Tool life values similar to those obtained with a lubricant under similar conditions in other studies have been obtained for the most favorable conditions in dry environments.
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Li, Yuebing, Yanming He, Chuanyang Lu, Wenjian Zheng, Jianguo Yang, Donghong Wang, Limei Wang, Yuan Sun, and Zengliang Gao. "Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Evaluation of a Laser-Induced Composite Coating on a Ni-Based Superalloy during Thermal Exposure." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 3, 2019): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091439.
Abstract:
A Ni–17Mo–7Cr-based superalloy was laser surface-modified to improve its tribological properties. Si particles were employed as coating materials. Si melted on the surface of the alloy during the process, triggering the formation of Mo6Ni6C carbides and Ni–Si intermetallics. A defect-free coating obtained was mostly made up of primary Mo6Ni6C and γ-Ni31Si12, as well as a eutectic structure of β1-Ni3Si and α-Ni-based solid solution (α-Ni (s.s)). The volume fraction of hard reinforcements (Mo6Ni6C, γ-Ni31Si12, and β1-Ni3Si) reached up to 85% in the coating. High-temperature microstructural stability of the coating was investigated by aging the coating at 1073 K for 240–480 h, to reveal its microstructural evolution. In addition, the mechanical performance of the coating was investigated. The nanoscale elastic modulus and hardness of Mo6Ni6C, γ-Ni31Si12, and α-Ni (s.s) were characterized using the nanoindentation tests. The nanoscratch tests were performed to measure the local wear resistance of the coating. Lastly, the Vickers hardness distribution across the cross-section of the coating before and after thermal exposure was compared. The work performed provides basic information understanding the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of laser-induced coatings on Ni-based superalloys.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hard superalloys":
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Karamched, Phani Shashanka. "Deformation studies near hard particles in a superalloy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e740592d-8d82-4c12-9bfe-99901d132b60.
Abstract:
Superalloys have performed well as blade and disc materials in turbine engines due to their exceptional elevated temperature strength, high resistance to creep, oxidation and corrosion as well as good fracture toughness. This study explores the use of a relatively new technique of strain measurement, high resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) to measure local deformation fields. The heart of the HR-EBSD technique lies in comparing regions in EBSD patterns from a strained region of a sample to those in a pattern from an unstrained region. This method was applied to study the elastic strain fields and geometrically necessary dislocation density (GND density) distribution near hard carbide particles in a nickel-based superalloy MAR-M-002. Significant thermal strains were initially induced by thermal treatment, which included a final cooling from the ageing temperature of 870°C. Elastic strains were consistent with a compressive radial strain and tensile hoop strain that was expected as the matrix contracts around the carbide. The mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient of the carbide particles compared to that of the matrix was sufficient to have induced localized plastic deformation in the matrix leading to a GND density of 3 x 1013 m–2 in regions around the carbide. These measured elastic strain and GND densities have been used to help develop a crystal plasticity finite element model in another research group and some comparisons under thermal loading have also been examined. Three-point bending was then used to impose strain levels within the range ±12% across the height of a bend bar sample. GND measurements were then made at both carbide-containing and carbide-free regions at different heights across the bar. The average GND density increases with the magnitude of the imposed strain (both in tension and compression), and is markedly higher near the carbide particles. The higher GND densities near the carbides (order of 1014 per m2) are generated by the large strain gradients produced around the plastically rigid inclusion during monotonic mechanical deformation with some minor contribution from the pre-existing residual deformation from thermal loading. A method was developed of combining the local EBSD measurements with FE modelling to set the average residual strains within the mapped region even when a good strain free reference point was unavailable. Cyclic loading was then performed under four point loading to impose strain levels of about ±8% across the height of bend bar samples. Similar measurements as in the case of monotonic deformation were made at several interruptions to fatigue loading. Observations from the cyclic loading such as slip features, carbide cracking, GND density accumulation have been explored around carbide particles, at regions away from them and near a grain boundary.
2
SIVO, ANTONIO. "On the Laser Powder Bed Fusion based processing route for hard to weld Nickel Superalloys." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2971609.
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Agode, Kofi Edoh. "Analyse et modélisation du comportement à l’usure des outils de coupe en carbure de tungstène pour différentes teneurs en cobalt lors de l’usinage de l’alliage de titane Ti-6Al-4V." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0141.
Abstract:
En raison de sa grande dureté et sa résistance à l'usure, le carbure de tungstène avec liant cobalt (WC-Co) est le matériau incontournable pour la fabrication des outils d’usinage, des outillages de découpe et de formage, ainsi que des pièces d'usure nécessitant une dureté importante et une grande précision. La modification de la microstructure du carbure de tungstène, et plus particulièrement sa teneur en cobalt suscite aujourd’hui le plus grand intérêt de la part des fabricants pour développer de nouvelles nuances plus performantes et ainsi gagner de nouveaux parts de marché. Cette thèse propose d’étudier l’effet de la teneur en cobalt des outils carbure sur les grandeurs mesurées et les mécanismes d’usure lors de l’usinage des superalliages durs à base de titane (Ti-6Al-4V). Le travail de recherche, à la fois expérimental et numérique, est consacré d’une part à la compréhension des mécanismes microscopiques d’endommagement conduisant à l’usure macroscopique du composite WC-Co, et d’autre part à l’influence de la teneur en cobalt sur le comportement du WC-Co en tenant compte du couplage mécanique-microstructure-endommagement. Sur la base d’une analyse expérimentale, l’identification des phénomènes physiques macroscopiques et microscopiques mis en jeu aux niveaux des interfaces de contact outil/copeau et outil/pièce a été conduite. A cet effet, des essais d’usinage ont été réalisés dans un premier temps sur le couple outil-matière WC-Co/Ti-6Al-4V avec différentes teneurs en cobalt pour les outils. Dans un deuxième temps, une caractérisation tribologique, du même couple outil-matière, a été menée afin d’évaluer l’influence de la teneur en cobalt et les conditions de contact (vitesse de glissement, effort appliqué) sur le coefficient de frottement et l’usure. Toutefois, l’inaccessibilité des zones de contact pendant l’usinage et les essais tribologiques n’ont pas permis une description complète des mécanismes d’usure observés qu’ils soient macroscopiques (collage, abrasion, déformation, ...), ou microscopique (fissuration, endommagement des phases WC, Co). La simulation numérique par éléments finis s’est avérée alors un outil complémentaire intéressant pour l’analyse de ces mécanismes d’usure. Notre stratégie de modélisation s’est intéressée à la réponse du WC-Co à l’échelle de la microstructure sous un chargement thermomécanique représentatif de l’usinage. Le modèle proposé tient compte du comportement des phases WC et Co séparément et celui des interfaces WC-WC et WC-Co. Cette stratégie a permis d’étudier et identifier les paramètres influant sur le comportement de la microstructure depuis la phase élastique jusqu’à l’initiation de l’endommagement. Un bon accord a été obtenu entre les résultats du comportement numérique à l’initiation de l’endommagement dans la microstructure et ceux des observations expérimentales en termes d’effets de la teneur en cobalt dans le carbure de tungstène et des conditions d’usinage appliquéesDue to their high hardness and wear resistance, cemented carbide (WC-Co) is the main material used to manufacture machining tools and forming tooling, as well as wear parts requiring high hardness and high precision. The modification of tungsten carbide microstructure, and more particularly its cobalt content, is currently attracting the greatest interest from manufacturers to develop new grades tools with high performance, and then expand new markets.This thesis aims to study the effect of the cobalt content of carbide tools on the measured values and wear mechanisms when machining hard superalloys such as the aeronautical titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V. Both experimental and numerical research work are devoted on one hand to the understanding of the microscopic damage mechanisms leading to the macroscopic wear of the WC-Co composite and on the other hand, to the influence of the cobalt content on the behavior of the WC-Co taking into account the mechanical-microstructure-damage coupling.On the basis of an experimental analysis, the identification of the macroscopic and microscopic physical phenomena involved at the tool/chip and tool/workpiece contact interfaces was conducted. Machining tests were firstly carried out on the tool-material couple WC-Co/Ti-6Al-4V with different cobalt contents for the tools (from 6 to 15%). In a second step, a tribological characterization of the same tool-material couple was carried out to evaluate the influence of the cobalt content and the contact conditions (sliding speed, applied force) on the friction coefficient and wear. However, the inaccessibility of the contact zones during machining and the tribological tests did not allow a complete description of the wear mechanisms observed, whether macroscopic mechanisms (adhesion, abrasion, deformation, ...), or microscopic mechanisms (cracking, damage of the WC and Co phases). The numerical simulation using finite elements (FE) proved to be a very interesting complementary tool for the analysis of these wear mechanisms.Our modeling strategy focused on the response of WC-Co at the microstructure scale for the thermomechanical loading close to that obtained by machining. The proposed model takes into account the behavior of the WC and Co phases separately and that of the interfaces WC-WC and WC-Co of the composite. This strategy allowed to study and identify parameters influencing the behavior of the microstructure from the elastic stage to the damage initiation. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the numerical behavior at the initiation of damage in the microstructure and those of the experimental observations in terms of the effects of the cobalt content in the tungsten carbide and of the applied machining conditions
Book chapters on the topic "Hard superalloys":
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Casteletti, L. C., A. Lombardi Neto, D. T. de Macedo, L. B. Cruvinel, and George Totten. "Stellite Superalloy Powder Deposition on 7075 Aluminum Alloy." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000303.
Abstract:
Several types of powders can be deposited on metal alloys for property improvement using thermal spray processes. Aircraft grade 7075 aluminum alloy possesses good mechanical properties but poor wear and corrosion resistance. Thermal spray coatings can improve the poor wear performance of 7075 so that it is suitable for use in severe conditions by depositing a hard, wear-resisting layer over the base material. This can be done by a simple production process while maintaining the base material properties. Among the available coatings, cobalt-base superalloys, such as Stellites, provides excellent protection against corrosion and wear. However, the treatment must not deteriorate the substrate hardness. In the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process, the short resident time of the powder in the flame results in a relatively small temperature increase, which in turn results in a lower substrate temperature during the coating deposition. In the present work, HVOF thermal spray process was used to coat 7075-T3 aluminum alloy samples with Stellite 6 superalloy. This treatment resulted in layers of high hardness and improved wear performance while keeping the base material properties unchanged.
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Hall, Christopher. "5. Making stuff and making things." In Materials: A Very Short Introduction, 83–101. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199672677.003.0005.
Abstract:
‘Making stuff and making things’ considers the step-by-step processes in the making of glass, silicon, nickel superalloys, strings and textiles, and plastics, and how they are then used in the manufacture of other goods. For pottery, ceramics, bricks, and tiles though, the making of the material and of the artefact are merged into a single act. The chemistry lies in the mineral reactions that transform soft matter into hard in the hot kiln. Material-as device, device-as-material, and material-as-object are also considered along with the valuable applications of osmium and caesium. What does the future of material science hold? Will motile biomaterials ever be realized?
Conference papers on the topic "Hard superalloys":
1
Ratay, Jason, and Hitomi Yamaguchi. "Characteristics of Diamond Abrasive Used in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing of Nickel-Based Superalloys." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8365.
Abstract:
Abstract Nickel-based superalloys have a wide range of high-temperature applications, such as turbine blades. The complex geometries of these applications and the specific properties of the materials raise difficulties in the surface finishing. Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) has proven effective in finishing the complex geometries. In MAF, the magnetic properties of the workpiece, tool, and abrasive play important roles in controlling finishing characteristics. This paper presents the effects of nickel coating on the abrasive behavior during finishing and resulting finishing characteristics of Ni-based superalloys. The Ni-coated diamond abrasive is more attracted to the magnet than the Ni-based superalloy surface. As a result, fewer Ni-coated diamond abrasive particles, which are stuck between the magnetic-particle brush and the target surface, participate in surface finishing. Because of this, coupled with the reduced sharpness of abrasive cutting edges due to the coating, Ni-coated diamond abrasive cannot effectively smooth the target surface in MAF. However, the Ni coating is worn off during finishing of the hard, rough, additively manufactured surface. Then, the diamond abrasive participates in finishing as uncoated diamond abrasive and facilitates the material removal, finishing the target surface.
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Branagan, D. J., M. C. Marshall, B. E. Meacham, L. F. Aprigliano, R. Bayles, E. J. Lemieux, T. Newbauer, et al. "Wear and Corrosion Resistant Amorphous / Nanostructured Steel Coatings For Replacement of Electrolytic Hard Chromium." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0733.
Abstract:
Abstract In severe corrosive or abrasive environments, steel is rarely used since the range of properties available, in existing steels, are insufficient, resulting in the prevalent usage of either corrosion resistant materials like nickel based superalloys or abrasion resistant materials like tungsten carbide based hardmetals. Recently, a host of carbide based alloys including WC-Co-Cr, NiCr-Cr3C2, WC-WB-Co etc. have been developed in an attempt to bridge the gap between providing both wear and corrosion protection. Data will be presented showing how a newly developed steel coating, SAM2X5, with an amorphous / nanocomposite structure can bridge the gap between conventional metallic alloys and ceramic hardmetal performance with excellent combinations of properties including corrosion resistance superior to nickel base superalloys in seawater / chloride environments and wear resistance approaching that of tungsten carbide. The unique combination of damage tolerance developed should be especially applicable for the replacement of electrolytic hard chromium coatings.
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Rajesh Jha, George Stavo Dulikravich, and Marcelo Jose Colaco. "Design and optimization of rare-earth free hard magnetic alloys and Nickel-based superalloys for high temperature applications." In 23rd ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ABCM Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/cob-2015-1284.
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Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Manikandan Natarajan, Loganayagan Shanmugam, Jothi Kiruthika, Mude Ramesh Naik, and Gowthami Kotapati. "Application of Taguchi Based ANFIS Approach in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Inconel 625 for Automobile Applications." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0148.
Abstract:
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Nickel-based superalloys are most commonly engaged in a numerous engineering use, including the making of food processing equipment, aerospace components, and chemical processing equipment. These materials are often regarded as difficult-to-machine materials in conventional machining approach due to their higher strength and thermal conductivity. Various methods for more effective machining of hard materials such as nickel-based superalloys have been developed. Wire electrical discharge machining is one of them. In this paper, an effect has been taken to develop an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for predicting WEDM performance in the future. To analyse the model’s variable input, the paper employs the Taguchi’s design and analysis techniques. The evolved ANFIS model aims to simulate the process’s various characteristics and predicted values. A comparison of the two was then made, and it was discovered that the predicted values are much closer to the actual outcomes. The investigation’s findings support the manufacturer’s decision-making process and demonstrate the process’s evolved capability.</div></div>
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Natarajan, Manikandan, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Gnana Sagaya Raj, V. Kumar, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, and Jothi Kiruthika. "Machinability Studies and the Evolution of Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Tools for Advanced Machining of Nickel Alloy for Aerospace Applications." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0065.
Abstract:
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Nickel-based superalloys are frequently adopted in various engineering applications, such as the production of food processing equipment, aerospace parts, and chemical processing equipment. Because of higher strength and thermal conductivity, they are often regarded as difficult-to-machine materials in certain processes. Various methods were evolved for machining the hard materials such as Nickel-based superalloys more effective. One of these is wire electrical discharge machining. In this paper, we will discuss the development of an artificial neural network model and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system that can be used to predict the future performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM). The paper uses the Taguchi and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) design techniques to analyze the model’s variable input. It aims to simulate the various characteristics of the process and its predicted values. A comparison of the two was then performed, and it was revealed that the prophesied values are close to the actual results. The findings of the investigation support the manufacturer’s decision-making process and demonstrate the evolved capability of the process.</div></div>
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Ogata, Takashi, and Takayuki Sakai. "Life Prediction Method of CC and DS Ni Base Superalloys Under High Temperature Biaxial Fatigue Loading." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59069.
Abstract:
Polycrystalline conventional casting (CC) and directionally solidified (DS) Ni base superalloys are widely used as gas turbine blade materials. It was reported that surface of a gas turbine blade is subjected to biaxial tensile-compressive fatigue loading during start-stop operation based on finite stress analysis results. It is necessary to establish life prediction method of these superalloys under biaxial fatigue loading for reliable operation. In this study, the in-plane biaxial fatigue tests with different phase of x and y directional strain cycles were conducted on both a CC and a DS Ni base superalloys (IN738LC and GTD111DS) at high temperatures. The strain ratio, φ was defined as a ratio between x and y directional strains at 1/4 cycle and was varied from 1 to −1. In φ = 1 and −1, cracks propagated in both x and y directions in the CC supealloy. On the other hand, the main cracks of the DS superalloy propagated only in the x direction indicating failure resistance in the solidified direction is weaker than that in the direction normal to the solidified direction. Although biaxial fatigue life of the CC superalloy was correlated with conventional Mises equivalent strain range, that of DS superalloy was not. New biaxial fatigue life criterion, equivalent normal strain range for the DS superalloy was derived from iso-fatigue life curve on a principal strain plane defined in this study. Fatigue life of the DS superalloy was correlated with the equivalent normal strain range. Fatigue life of the DS superalloy under equi-biaxial fatigue loading was significantly reduced by introducing compressive strain hold dwell. Life prediction under equi-biaxial fatigue loading with the compressive strain hold was successfully made by the nonlinear damage accumulation model indicating that the proposed method can apply to life prediction of gas turbine blades under biaxial fatigue loading.
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Tapphorn, R., H. Gabel, K. Hashimoto, and T. Crowe. "Kinetic Metallization of Interior Diameter Bores." In ITSC 2012, edited by R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, A. McDonald, and F. L. Toma. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2012p0311.
Abstract:
Abstract The Kinetic Metallization (KM) process allows the coating and dimensional restoration of interior diameter (ID) surfaces. It is a low temperature, low pressure, solid-state deposition process that is compliant with the recent MIL-STD-3021 cold spray materials deposition standard. The unique attribute of preheating powder particles to enhance ductility within the Kinetic Metallization process allows for high quality coating deposition onto the inner diameter of small-bore components using very short sonic nozzles. Inovati has developed a KM ID Spray Gun that can deposit a coating normal to the surface of the bore down to interior diameter sizes of 80-mm, with depth-to-diameter ratios exceeding 10-to-1. These ID deposition guns, when used with KM systems, can deposit the full range of coatings including structural aluminum alloys for rebuilding damaged forgings, superalloys for corrosion and/or oxidation protection, and hard-phase carbide coatings for wear resistance. This paper presents a case study for rebuilding of damaged 7075-Al forged landing gear outer cylinders requiring ID coating repairs of 0.020-0.030 inches in thickness. A separate study focuses on tungsten-carbide cobalt (WC-17Co) on steel liners and actuating cylinders for replacing hard chrome coatings and repairing worn cylinder bores.
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Li, Y. L., C. L. Ma, and H. Zhang. "Crystallographic Orientation Evolution in NbSS-Nb5Si3 Eutectic Alloys by EBSD Analyses." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95309.
Abstract:
The progresses in high temperature materials encourage the development of turbine engine in terms of thrust and efficiency. Ni-based superalloys, which are predominant in elevated temperature application, have limited potential to raise serving temperature. In-situ composites, such as Cr-Cr3Si, NiAl-Cr and Nb-Nb5Si3 eutectic alloys, consisting of a ductile metallic phase and a hard intermetallic phase, are attractive candidates to replace Ni-based superalloys. The microstructure and mechanical properties of these in-situ composites are widely investigated. However, little work is focused on crystallography of in-situ composites, except for preferred growth direction and crystallographic orientation relationship. In this paper, Nb-Si-Mo-based alloys were fabricated by non-consumable arc melting, and then were directionally solidified in an optical floating zone (OFZ) melting furnace. The crystallographic orientation evolutions in Nb-Nb5Si3 eutectic alloy are studied by electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses. First, the effect of solidification condition on crystallographic orientation is examined. The as-cast alloy displays cellular microstructure. The Nb phase shows different crystallographic orientations in different cells, while the Nb5Si3 phase shows similar crystallographic orientation in a number of cells. In directionally solidified alloys, when growth rate is 5mm/h without seed rod rotation, the grain sizes of Nb and Nb5Si3 are both several millimeter. As growth rate rises or seed rod rotates, the grain size of Nb decreases much more drastically than that of Nb5Si3. Thus, solidification condition is supposed to influence nucleation of the Nb phase rather than the Nb5Si3 phase. Second, the effect of annealing on crystallographic orientation is studied. The Nb5Si3 has three allotropic phases. The allotropic phase transformations occur through annealing, during which the Nb5Si3 grain size decreases.
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Li, Ji, Rongcan Zhou, Liying Tang, Bohan Wang, Shufang Hou, Jiang Li, Weiguo Liu, Hongyu Liu, and Xiaomin Li. "Effect of Aging Heat-Treatment on the Creep Behavior of Inconel 740H Used in 700 °C A-USC Power Plants." In AM-EPRI 2019, edited by J. Shingledecker and M. Takeyama. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2019p0448.
Abstract:
Abstract Inconel 740H is one of the most promising candidate Ni-base superalloys for the main steam pipe of 700 °C advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) coal-fired power plants. After processing and welding in manufacturing plant in solution-annealed state, large components was commonly suggested to have an extra aging treatment at 800 °C for 16 h, in order to obtain homogeneous γ′ precipitates. In this present work, creep tests and microstructure analyses were conducted on Inconel 740H pipe specimens under two different heat treatments to verify the necessity of aging process. Here we show that aging treatment has limited effect on the creep rupture life of Inconel 740H pipe. Both in grain interiors and along grain boundaries, crept specimens under two different heat treatments have the same precipitates. But the shape and distribution of γ′ in solution annealed sample is not as regular as the aged ones. Our results provide the underlying insight that aging treatment is not so necessary for the straight pipes if the on-site condition was hard to control. But for both groups of specimens, a small amount of h particles and some banded like M23C6 were emerged during creep, which would be harmful to mechanical properties for the long run.
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Pasupuleti, Thejasree, Manikandan Natarajan, V. Kumar, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Jothi Kiruthika, and R. Silambarasan. "Predictive Modelling and Process Parameter Prediction for Monel 400 Wire Electrical Discharge Machining for Rocket Frames." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0088.
Abstract:
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Due to their inherent properties and superior performance over titanium-based materials, nickel-based superalloys are widely utilized in the manufacturing industry. Monel 400 is among them. This nickel-copper alloy possesses exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Monel 400 is primarily utilized in the chemical industry, heat exchangers, and turbine component manufacturing. Due to the properties of Monel 400, it is deemed as hard to machine materials with the aid of conventional methods. For investigating the performance of this process, a three-level analysis was carried out. Pulse on duration and applied current at three levels are the independent parameters used for designing the experiments. In this present article, a single-response analysis technique is used which is known as Taguchi to investigate the impact of the various process parameters on the output variables. They focused on three response factors namely the rate of material removal, deviation in the dimension, and perpendicularity error. An efficient predictive model has been developed with the help of regression analysis. To enhance the performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) process, Taguchi based grey approach has been adopted. The findings of the study revealed that the proposed approach could assist to enhance the overall effectiveness of the process.</div></div>