Journal articles: 'Hard opt out'

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Fan, Ruiping, and Mingxu Wang. "Family-Based Consent and Motivation for Cadaveric Organ Donation in China: An Ethical Exploration1." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 44, no. 5 (September 16, 2019): 534–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhz022.

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Abstract This essay indicates that Confucian family-based ethics is by no means a stumbling block to organ donation in China. We contend that China should not change to an opt-out consent system in order to enhance donation because a “hard” opt-out system is unethical, and a “soft” opt-out system is unhelpful. We argue that the recently-introduced familist model of motivation for organ donation in mainland China can provide a proper incentive for donation. This model, and the family priority right that this model supports, is ethically justifiable in terms of Confucian family-based ethics.

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Goldhaber, Dan, Cyrus Grout, and Kristian L. Holden. "Why make it hard for teachers to cross state borders?" Phi Delta Kappan 98, no. 5 (January 23, 2017): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721717690367.

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Barriers to mobility, particularly those imposed by state-level licensure procedures have received growing attention in the media and in reform discussions. Much of this attention is driven by shortages of teachers in some regions and subject areas and the fact that barriers to mobility make it more difficult for states to address such shortages by drawing on whatever surplus of labor may exist out of state. But there are reasons to expect that lowering barriers to mobility would be beneficial to the teacher labor market even in the absence of shortages. To the extent that teachers value locational flexibility, lowering barriers to mobility could make the teaching profession more desirable to prospective entrants and reduce attrition among experienced teachers who may opt out of the profession following a move to a new state. The authors describe how licensure procedures and pension systems impose costs on teachers who cross state borders, discuss the evidence on whether teachers are responding to these disincentives to mobility, and consider possible reforms that would lower barriers to teacher mobility.

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de la Flor, Carolina, Esmaeil Porsa, and Ank E. Nijhawan. "Opt-out HIV and Hepatitis C Testing at the Dallas County Jail: Uptake, Prevalence, and Demographic Characteristics of Testers." Public Health Reports 132, no. 6 (October 18, 2017): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917732755.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are common in the criminal justice system. We offered opt-out HIV/HCV testing at the Dallas County Jail during intake from June 2015 to November 2016, after which testing was integrated into routine phlebotomy processes. The uptake of testing increased from 12.9% (118/915) in June 2015 to 80.5% (269/334) in January 2016. HIV was confirmed in 1.0% (30/3155) of inmates; 6 were new diagnoses and all were linked to care. HCV antibody positivity was found in 16.4% (500/4042) of inmates. Sixty percent (155/258) of HCV-positive inmates born between 1945 and 1965 (ie, baby boomers) were non-Hispanic black, whereas 56.2% (136/242) born after 1965 were non-Hispanic white. Testing only baby boomers would have missed approximately half of HCV infections, predominantly among young, non-Hispanic white people. Future efforts should expand HIV and HCV testing in jails, as it is feasible, acceptable, and increases prevention and engagement in care for a high-prevalence, hard-to-reach population.

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Chimwamurombe, Percy M., Charlie C. Luchen, and Paidamoyo N. Mataranyika. "Redefining Global Food Security: Do we really have a Global Food Crisis?" Agriculture and Food Sciences Research 7, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.512.2020.71.105.112.

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With the Climate change effects becoming more and more undoubted in the world populations, the reality of food production trends taking a negative curve is clear. This bring up the questions of whether the farmers will be able to produce food for the sustenance of the world population or not? The rate of developing food shortage coping mechanisms in this regard is slower that the ravaging negative climate change effects of drought and floods on farm performance. This commentary has the aim of requesting a fresh discussion around the fundamentals of what is food, what is a food security and what is nutritional security? It is possible that the humanity has a perception that needs refocusing. This is a perception that some people may choose out of non-food safety issues not to eat certain foods while other however healthily eat such food. It therefore becomes hard to technically accept that food is in short supply for those the opt not to eat that which is edible.

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OMOTADE, AWODUN ADEBISI, and J. O. BABALOLA. "Pedagogical repertoire of a model language Teacher." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, no. 5 (May 31, 2015): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss5.362.

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This paper examines the expected traits of a language teacher especially in a multilingual society. The peculiar linguistic attributes are scrupulously considered as each letter of the word TEACHER is used to bring out the required linguistic pedagogical culture. The common occurrence of students’ mass failure in English language as witnessed in the various competitive examinations and the rapid decline in the quality of teachers in charge of the subject in schools bring to the fore the concern for its pedagogical appraisal especially in the area of teachers’ preparation for the sensitive job. The work is expository as some common factors were brought out and used to treat the expected teachers’ behavior in language teaching activities. The writer’s exposure and experience in the job supply the root for all the issues raised in the work. Based on the considered factors, it is recommended that the personnel that handle the training of teachers in the higher institution must be exposed to the real practical aspect of the work. Through this, well trained, brilliant, interested and committed individuals will be discovered on the field to take care of students who opt for teaching career in the colleges of education and in the faculty of education in the universities. When the stream is progressive and hard work is rewarded, teachers will be dedicated to work and be related to stand up as models to the students.

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Fabry, Adam. "Neoliberalism, crisis and authoritarian–ethnicist reaction: The ascendancy of the Orbán regime." Competition & Change 23, no. 2 (November 21, 2018): 165–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024529418813834.

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This paper analyses the seemingly contradictory fusion between authoritarianism and neoliberalism in Hungary under the Orbán regime. Since coming into power in 2010 on a popular backlash against austerity, the hard-right Fidesz–KDNP government, led by Viktor Orbán, has carried out a root-and-branch transformation of Hungarian society. While officially proposing a break with neoliberalism at home and abroad, the paper argues that the Orbán regime has rather deepened it, producing a specific variety of ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’, which skilfully combines some of the central tenets of neoliberalism (maintenance of a balanced budget, introduction of a flat tax system and the pursuit of regressive social policies) with ‘ethnicist–populist’ measures that seek to co-opt, coerce or manufacture consensus among subaltern groups in society against alleged ‘enemies’ of the Hungarian nation. While Orbán’s ‘illiberal’ politics have been strongly criticized by neoliberal institutions, such as the IMF and the EU, they have taken little concrete action against the Hungarian government. We argue that the reason for this is pragmatic: the Orbán regime has not only been a model for neoliberal austerity in Europe since the 2008 crisis, but also its authoritarian and xenophobic policies are not that different from other EU states.

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Burns, Lucy Mae San Pablo. "“Splendid Dancing”: Filipino “Exceptionalism” in Taxi Dancehalls." Dance Research Journal 40, no. 2 (2008): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014976770000036x.

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In the 1920s and early 1930s, Filipino men patronized the popular American social institution of the taxi dancehalls, comprising nearly one quarter of the taxi dancehall patrons in major cities such as Detroit and Los Angeles (see Cressey 1932). Taxi dancehalls were at the height of their popularity during this period, often serving as a key site of sociality amongst and between immigrants. Women were employed as dancers for hire, and men, predominantly immigrants, were their principal patrons. Filipinos, workers and students alike, came dressed in McIntosh suits, eager to spend their hard-earned wages on taxi dancers. Here, Filipino men made rare social contact with women—taxi dancers who were largely white, occasionally Mexican, and very rarely Filipina (see Meckel 1995 for a detailed study of taxi dancers). Filipinos would purchase their dance tickets, choose their favorite girl within a group of taxi dancers, and move to the music of a live band. For ten cents per dance number, slow or fast, Filipino men could choose to dance with the same dancer until their tickets ran out or opt for the pleasures of another. Like a taxi ride, each dance came with a ticketed price and the expectation of a tip, either in the form of a drink, a sandwich, or perhaps even a marriage proposal.

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Broodryk, Theo. "The South African Class Action Mechanism: Comparing the Opt-In Regime to the Opt-Out Regime." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (May 20, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a4506.

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In Mukaddam v Pioneer Food (Pty) Ltd 2013 2 SA 254 (SCA), Nugent JA stated that, once the class is confined to claimants who choose positively to advance their claims and are required to come forward for that purpose, he can see no reason why they are not capable of doing so in their own names through joinder – they do not need a representative to do so on their behalf. The members who choose to opt in to the class action will thus be identifiable. If that is the case then, according Nugent JA, joinder may be the appropriate procedural device. A problem evidenced by this approach is accordingly that, by suggesting that joinder is the appropriate procedural device where all the claimants are identifiable, rather than a class action, the court essentially attacked the viability of the opt-in regime of class action litigation. The preferential treatment afforded by our courts to the opt-out class action regime is further reinforced by the finding of Nugent JA that the opt-in class action regime can be utilised only in exceptional circumstances. As exceptional circumstances had not been proved, he found that a class action was not the most appropriate way to pursue the claims. He accordingly suggested that joinder was a viable option to pursue the claims. The opt-in class action regime requires individual class members to take positive steps to participate in the class action. In other words, class members are required to come forward and opt into the class action, failing which they will not be bound by or benefit from the outcome of the litigation. Support for the opt-in regime is essentially premised on the belief that individuals who are unaware of the litigation should not be bound by its outcome. The opt-out class action regime, on the other hand, automatically binds members of the class to the class action and the outcome of the litigation unless the individual class members take steps to opt out of the class action. Support for the opt-out regime is essentially based on the view that the opting-in requirement could undermine one of the primary purposes of class action litigation, which is to facilitate access to justice. The Constitutional Court in Mukaddam v Pioneer Foods (Pty) Ltd 2013 5 SA 89 (CC) held that Nugent JA was wrong to find that an applicant in an opt-in class action is required to show exceptional circumstances. However, the court did not provide reasons for its disagreement. The issue relating to exceptional circumstances in opt-in class actions was dealt with in two sentences. The Constitutional Court also failed to deal with the nature and status of the opt-in class action compared with opt-out class actions in South African law. The note will accordingly consider when, if at all, it is appropriate to use the opt-in class action regime compared to the opt-out class action regime.

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Bergner, Jason, Marcus R. Brooks, and Binod Guragai. "Examining the Decision to Opt In versus Opt Out of Section 107 of the JOBS Act of 2012: Determinants and Consequences." Accounting and Finance Research 8, no. 2 (March 30, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v8n2p108.

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The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (hereafter, JOBS Act) creates a new category of firms, referred to as “Emerging Growth Companies” (hereafter, EGCs). Section 107 of the JOBS Act, titled “Opt-In Right for EGCs,” gives EGCs the choice to take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an EGC can choose to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. Using a logistic regression approach with hand-collected data, we examine the underlying firm characteristics associated with EGCs’ choice of opting in or out of the accounting standards exemption, as provided by Section 107 of the JOBS Act. Using additional ordinary least square regression analyses, we further examine whether the choice of opting in or out is associated with earnings management and financial statement restatement behavior. Our results suggest that EGC firms designated as “smaller reporting companies” are more likely to choose to delay the adoption of a new or revised accounting standard (i.e., opt in). Our findings also show that EGCs that employ Big 4 auditors are more likely to opt out. We further find that EGCs that choose to opt out are less likely to engage in earnings management behavior, proxied by the absolute value of abnormal accruals, and are less likely to restate their financial statements. Taken together, our findings suggest that EGCs that choose to opt out of Section 107 produce higher quality financial statements.

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Cantrell, Tobias K. "The ‘opt-out’ approach to deceased organ donation in England: A misconceived policy which may precipitate moral harm." Clinical Ethics 14, no. 2 (June 2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477750919851052.

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In an effort to solve the shortage of transplantable organs, there have been several proposals to introduce an opt-out approach to deceased organ donation in England (also termed ‘deemed’, or ‘presumed’ consent). In seeking to enact the so-called ‘opt-out proposal’ via an amendment to the Human Tissue Act 2004, The Organ Donation (Deemed Consent) Bill 2017–19 represents the most recent attempt at such legal reform. Despite popular calls to the contrary, I argue in this paper that it would be premature for England, or, indeed, any country, to adopt an opt-out approach at this time. Not only is the available evidence inconclusive on whether introduction of the opt-out proposal would increase the supply of transplantable organs (a common misconception), but there is also a chance that doing so might bring about an otherwise avoidable moral harm through an unjustified interference with individual autonomy. I maintain that the resources required to change the law to such effect would be better expended on alternative, provenly efficacious and less contentious mechanisms for increasing the supply of transplantable organs, such as: improving communication with the family of the deceased, developing infrastructure, raising public awareness and enhancing staff training, attitudes and understanding towards organ donation.

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Jamrozik, Euzebiusz, Toby Handfield, and Michael J. Selgelid. "Victims, vectors and villains: are those who opt out of vaccination morally responsible for the deaths of others?" Journal of Medical Ethics 42, no. 12 (October 3, 2016): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2015-103327.

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Mass vaccination has been a successful public health strategy for many contagious diseases. The immunity of the vaccinated also protects others who cannot be safely or effectively vaccinated—including infants and the immunosuppressed. When vaccination rates fall, diseases like measles can rapidly resurge in a population. Those who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons are at the highest risk of severe disease and death. They thus may bear the burden of others' freedom to opt out of vaccination. It is often asked whether it is legitimate for states to adopt and enforce mandatory universal vaccination. Yet this neglects a related question: are those who opt out, where it is permitted, morally responsible when others are harmed or die as a result of their decision? In this article, we argue that individuals who opt out of vaccination are morally responsible for resultant harms to others. Using measles as our main example, we demonstrate the ways in which opting out of vaccination can result in a significant risk of harm and death to others, especially infants and the immunosuppressed. We argue that imposing these risks without good justification is blameworthy and examine ways of reaching a coherent understanding of individual moral responsibility for harms in the context of the collective action required for disease transmission. Finally, we consider several objections to this view, provide counterarguments and suggest morally permissible alternatives to mandatory universal vaccination including controlled infection, self-imposed social isolation and financial penalties for refusal to vaccinate.

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Morselli, Valentina. "The political psychology of Israeli prime ministers: when hard-liners opt for peace." Israel Affairs 23, no. 1 (November 28, 2016): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2016.1244387.

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Martins, Bruno Oliveira. "The political psychology of Israeli Prime Ministers: when hard-liners opt for peace." Global Affairs 1, no. 1 (January 2015): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2015.973315.

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Peers, Steve. "In a World of Their Own? Justice and Home Affairs Opt-Outs and the Treaty of Lisbon." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 10 (2008): 383–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000001373.

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After Each New Treaty amendment, it comes time to hand out the ‘Major Awards’ for the worst-drafted new Treaty provisions. For the Treaty of Lisbon, there is a clear winner: the provisions concerning the opt-outs of the UK, Ireland and Denmark from the EU’s Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) policies. These already-complex provisions have been made further complex in order to address, on the one hand, the demands of these Member States for further flexibility as regards JHA policies, and on the other hand, to clarify the position if these Member States wish to opt out of further developments regarding rules into which they have already opted.

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Hanna, Josiah P., Guni Sharon, Stephen D. Boyles, and Peter Stone. "Selecting Compliant Agents for Opt-in Micro-Tolling." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301565.

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This paper examines the impact of tolls on social welfare in the context of a transportation network in which only a portion of the agents are subject to tolls. More specifically, this paper addresses the question: which subset of agents provides the most system benefit if they are compliant with an approximate marginal cost tolling scheme? Since previous work suggests this problem is NP-hard, we examine a heuristic approach. Our experimental results on three real-world traffic scenarios suggest that evaluating the marginal impact of a given agent serves as a particularly strong heuristic for selecting an agent to be compliant. Results from using this heuristic for selecting 7.6% of the agents to be compliant achieved an increase of up to 10.9% in social welfare over not tolling at all. The presented heuristic approach and conclusions can help practitioners target specific agents to participate in an opt-in tolling scheme.

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Bublak, Robert. "Tinnitus und chronische Schmerzen gehen oft Hand in Hand." HNO Nachrichten 51, no. 2 (April 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00060-021-7550-6.

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Bublak, Robert. "Tinnitus und chronische Schmerzen gehen oft Hand in Hand." MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 163, no. 6 (April 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15006-021-9745-6.

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NAKAMURA, Shigeo, Shigeyuki SASAKI, and Shigeo OHASHI. "P-OPT-02 Increase of Temperature of a Light Source (Laser Diode) in a Hard Disk Drive(Optical Storage/Optical Devices for Storage,Technical Program of Poster Session)." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2009 (2009): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2009.433.

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Boeck, Theresa, Stefano D’Amico, Elisabeth Zechner, Henry Jaeger, and Regine Schoenlechner. "Nutritional properties of various oat and naked oat cultivars." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 69, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/boku-2018-0018.

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SummaryTwo oat (Avena sativaL.) and ten naked oat (Avena nudaL.) cultivars grown on an experimental farm in two consecutive years were analyzed for their content of β-glucan, ash, fat, protein and Osborne protein fractions. Concentration of the antioxidant substances avenanthramides, tocopherols, tocotrienols and total phenolic compounds was analyzed. The antioxidant capacity of the oat cultivars was studied by ABTS•+-scavenging assay and FRAP assay. Cultivar Vazec and conservation cultivar Klimt showed high contents of fat, avenanthramides and total phenolic compounds, as well as a high antioxidant capacity. Klimt also had a high total protein content, and the highest proportion of avenanthramide 2c, which has the highest antioxidant activity of the analyzed avenanthramides. On the other hand, Klimt was also relatively low in β-glucan and tocopherols and tocotrienols. The two cultivars of husked oat, Effektiv and Max, have high yields and low prolamin contents, but showed poor results in all analyzed antioxidant parameters. Comparison of the two cultivation periods showed large differences in many of the analyzed parameters. The hot, dry climate of 2015 had negative influences on the nutritional quality of the oat, especially concerning the antioxidant properties. No cultivar could be identified that was robust against these climatic influences.

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Capper, R., T. J. Stewart, and J. P. Magennis. "An unusual presentation of oat cell carcinoma." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 107, no. 6 (June 1993): 559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100123709.

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A case is reported of oat cell carcinoma of the lung presenting with unusual sites of metastasis to the orofacial region. Distant metastases are common in oat cell carcinoma but a literature review did not reveal any reports of metastases either to the hard palate or to medial canthus of the eye.

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Aspinwall, Mark. "Odd man out: rethinking British policy on European monetary integration." Review of International Studies 29, no. 3 (June 26, 2003): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210503003413.

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This article examines British preferences on European monetary integration. It challenges dominant theories of preference formation, suggesting an alternative explanation focusing on governmental majority. Empirical evidence is presented on both UK economic behaviour and the views of domestic economic interests, as well as government majority. The article also analyses first and second-hand accounts of the main players involved in three cases: the decision not to join the Exchange Rate Mechanism in 1979, the decision to join the ERM in 1990, and the decision to opt out of stage 3 of Economic and Monetary Union.

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Pakpahan, Andy Victor, and Doni Doni. "IMPLEMENTASI METODE FORWARD CHAINING UNTUK MENDIAGNOSIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TANAMAN (OPT) KOPI." Simetris: Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Elektro dan Ilmu Komputer 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/simet.v10i1.2800.

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Organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT) adalah semua organisme yang dapat menyebabkan dan menimbulkan kerusakan fisik, gangguan fisiologi dan biokimia, atau kompetisi hara terhadap tanaman budidaya. Penanggulangan dan pengendalian terhadap OPT harus dilakukan secara cepat dan tepat agar tidak menimbulkan permasalahan lain yang bersifat ekologi, sosial maupun ekonomi. Salah satu tanaman budidaya yang sering diserang oleh OPT adalah tanaman kopi. Tanaman kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan dan strategis di Jawa Barat yang mempunyai peran cukup penting dalam perekonomian masyarakat Jawa Barat. Edukasi pengendalian OPT di Jawa Barat belum berjalan secara merata dikarenakan letak geografis antar perkebunan sangat jauh satu sama lain. Hal ini berdampak terhadap minimnya pemahaman para petani terhadap pengendalian OPT dan buruknya kualitas kopi yang dihasilkan oleh para petani. Penulis bermaksud akan membuatkan aplikasi sistem pakar berbasis web untuk menjembatani dan mengakomodasi bentuk edukasi yang dapat dilakukan kapan saja dan dimana saja tidak terbatas oleh letak geografis. Melalui aplikasi ini petani dapat mendiagnosis, mendapatkan informasi gejala serta cara pengendalian OPT Kopi yang terjadi. Untuk melakukan diagnosis, penulis menggunakan teknik Forward Chaining dalam melakukan penelusuran kemungkinan gejala-gejala yang ada sampai dengan menemukan rekomendasi OPT yang berkesesuaian dengan hasil penelusuran gejala yang ditelusuri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi yang dibangun dapat digunakan sebagai media konsultasi sekaligus memudahkan petani dalam menentukan cara pengendalian yang tepat terhadap serangan OPT Kopi yang terjadi tanpa harus berkonsultasi lebih lanjut dengan pihak atau dinas terkait.

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Sudheesh, Siji, Jamil Ahmad, and Girija S. Singh. "Hysteresis of Isotherms of Mixed Monolayers of N-Octadecyl-N′-phenylthiourea and Stearic Acid at Air/Water Interface." ISRN Physical Chemistry 2012 (December 19, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/835397.

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Surface pressure area isotherms of Langmuir monolayers formed by spreading mixed solutions of varying concentrations of N-octadecyl-N′-phenylthiourea (OPT) and octadecanoic acid or stearic acid (SA) over air-water interface are described. Examination of the hysteresis behavior and an analysis of the limiting area per molecule of the isotherms show that when the spread solution has an excess of OPT, the limiting surface area is consistent with a monolayer composed of equimolar amounts of the two components. This indicates that any excess thiourea, which on its own does not form a stable monolayer, is squeezed out and is not part of the monolayer. On the other hand, when the spreading mixture has an excess of SA over OPT, the isotherm indicates that the entire originally spread material is incorporated into the surface film. In this case, the values of area/molecule indicate that the monolayer is composed of SA : OPT complex with a ratio of 1 : 1 together with the excess SA remaining in the monolayer.

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Lester, Nicholas A. "That’s hard." International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 5, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.17013.les.

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Abstract Language learners are highly sensitive to statistical patterns in the input. When a target language provides the option to include or omit a grammatical form, learners have been shown to make decisions quite similar to native speakers. For example, learners opt to include or omit the complementizer that (as in I know (that) Steffi likes hot tea). This phenomenon has been explained in terms of a universal suite of cognitive mechanisms which support native and learner performance alike. Both learners and native speakers choose to include the complementizer when they are producing more complex or unexpected structures. The present study attempts to generalize these findings to another domain of “optional” grammatical markers, namely, relativizers (as in the hot tea (that) Steffi likes). I analyze all instances of optional relativizer use in a corpus of spontaneous learner speech produced by Spanish and German learners of English. Both of these languages have obligatory relativizers. A two-step generalized additive regression modeling technique (MuPDAR) that predicts learner choices based on native-speaker choices demonstrates that native speakers use greater shares of the relativizer in complex and disfluent environments, while learners show the exact opposite tendency: they prefer to drop the relativizer in complex and disfluent environments. These findings are discussed based on differences between complementizers and relativizers, and in terms of the limited universality of optional grammatical marking in learner speech.

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Sukel, Kayt. "Vacuum Wars." Mechanical Engineering 140, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2018-oct-3.

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American consumers have used some variation of the basic design of the first electric vaccum launched in 1907, to sweep their carpets and hardwood floors ever since. Waves of innovation periodically swept the industry. Mass production and plastics turned this once-luxury item into a household necessity. Companies introduced accessories to clean upholstery and hard-to-reach crevices. But, by and large, it was a staid industry whose players fought for business through marketing rather than engineering. But over the past few years, an eruption of technological innovations have turned the industry on its head. This article takes a deeper dive into those technology advances.

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Hou, Kirk K., Adrian Au, Amir H. Kashani, K. Bailey Freund, Srinivas R. Sadda, and David Sarraf. "Pseudoflow with OCT Angiography in Eyes with Hard Exudates and Macular Drusen." Translational Vision Science & Technology 8, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.8.3.50.

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Patten, Howard. "The political psychology of Israeli prime ministers: when hard-liners opt for peace. By Yael S. Aronoff." International Affairs 91, no. 4 (July 2015): 908–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12372.

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Bui, Xuan, Nhung Duong, and Trung Hoang. "GS-OPT: A new fast stochastic algorithm for solving the non-convex optimization problem." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v9.i2.pp183-192.

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<p>Non-convex optimization has an important role in machine learning. However, the theoretical understanding of non-convex optimization remained rather limited. Studying efficient algorithms for non-convex optimization has attracted a great deal of attention from many researchers around the world but these problems are usually NP-hard to solve. In this paper, we have proposed a new algorithm namely GS-OPT (General Stochastic OPTimization) which is effective for solving the non-convex problems. Our idea is to combine two stochastic bounds of the objective function where they are made by a commonly discrete probability distribution namely Bernoulli. We consider GS-OPT carefully on both the theoretical and experimental aspects. We also apply GS-OPT for solving the posterior inference problem in the latent Dirichlet allocation. Empirical results show that our approach is often more efficient than previous ones.</p>

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Schneider, Hartmut, Martin Ahrens, Michaela Strumpski, Claudia Rüger, Matthias Häfer, Gereon Hüttmann, Dirk Theisen-Kunde, Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt, and Rainer Haak. "An Intraoral OCT Probe to Enhanced Detection of Approximal Carious Lesions and Assessment of Restorations." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 3257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103257.

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Caries, the world’s most common chronic disease, remains a major cause of invasive restorative dental treatment. To take advantage of the diagnostic potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in contemporary dental prevention and treatment, an intraorally applicable spectral-domain OCT probe has been developed based on an OCT hand-held scanner equipped with a rigid 90°-optics endoscope. The probe was verified in vitro. In vivo, all tooth surfaces could be imaged with the OCT probe, except the vestibular surfaces of third molars and the proximal surface sections of molars within a "blind spot" at a distance greater than 2.5 mm from the tooth surface. Proximal surfaces of 64 posterior teeth of four volunteers were assessed by intraoral OCT, visual-tactile inspection, bitewing radiography and fiber-optic transillumination. The agreement in detecting healthy and carious surfaces varied greatly between OCT and established methods (18.2–94.7%), whereby the established methods could always be supplemented by OCT. Direct and indirect composite and ceramic restorations with inherent imperfections and failures of the tooth-restoration bond were imaged and qualitatively evaluated. The intraoral OCT probe proved to be a powerful technological approach for the non-invasive imaging of healthy and carious hard tooth tissues and gingiva as well as tooth-colored restorations.

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Sudewi, Sri, Ambo Ala, Baharuddin Baharuddin, and Muhammad Farid BDR. "Keragaman Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) pada Tanaman Padi Varietas Unggul Baru (VUB) dan Varietas Lokal pada Percobaan Semi Lapangan." Agrikultura 31, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v31i1.25046.

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Serangan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) pada tanaman padi apabila tidak ditangani dengan serius akan menurunkan produktivitas tanaman secara signifikan. Keragaman OPT yang menyerang tanaman padi varietas lokal dan varietas unggul baru (VUB) sangat penting untuk diketahui agar dapat dilakukan tindakan pengendalian yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai Februari 2018, di Teaching Farm Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. Metode yang digunakan pada percobaan semi lapangan ini dengan mengamati secara langsung jenis OPT yang menyerang rumpun tanaman padi, gejala serangan yang ditimbulkan serta menghitung persentase serangan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari, dimulai pada saat tanaman berumur ± 30 hari setelah tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa OPT yang menyerang VUB dan varietas lokal yaitu Locusta migratoria. L, Sesamia inferens, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis serta patogen penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB). Persentase serangan tertinggi terdapat pada VUB Inpari 16 dan Inpari 42 yang terserang HDB mencapai 50% sedangkan varietas lokal Kamba yang diamati memiliki reaksi ketahanan yang agak baik terhadap berbagai serangan OPT dengan persentase serangan ≤25%. Serangan Nilaparvata lugens hanya ditemukan pada varietas Inpari 16. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan referensi dan sumber informasi agar pengelolaan dan tehnik pengendalian dapat dilakukan secara tepat, cepat, efisien dan efektif.

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Brown, Alan S. "Hip New World." Mechanical Engineering 128, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2006-oct-2.

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This paper focuses on the development of modern metal-on-metal hips implants. Their large bearings mimic natural biomechanics and let patients remain active. Metal rubbing on metal creates nanoscale wear debris. The particles appear small enough for some cobalt and chrome to end up as ions. Both metals have the potential to cause cancer. Device manufacturers are scrambling after alloys that leave behind less debris. Some have also introduced ceramic hips. Ceramics are highly biocompatible and so hard and wear-resistant that they are likely to outlast metal. The ceramics used in hip implants are a triumph of materials science. The industry is moving toward zirconia-toughened alumina. It is stronger than conventional alumina and designers can slim down cup liners and use larger ceramic femoral bearings.

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DE WAART, PAUL J. I. M. "Israel's Settlement-Policy Stumbling-Block in the Middle East Peace Process." Leiden Journal of International Law 20, no. 4 (December 2007): 825–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156507004475.

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According to Israel's Guide to the Mideast Peace Process, charges regarding the illegality of Israeli settlements in the 1967 Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) have no foundation in international law. Peace efforts between Israel and Palestine will have no chance of success as long as Israel uses its prolonged military occupation to promote and protect its annexation-in-disguise of the West Bank and East Jerusalem. John Dugard has passed on this hard truth consistently as Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the OPT. The international community should take the same hard line towards the Guide as it has done towards the Hamas Charter. If it wants to establish a just and lasting peace in the Middle East, it should not allow Israel to bend the truth any more in respect of the legality of the Israeli settlements in the OPT as Hamas has done in respect of the illegality of Israel.

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Winters, Jeffrey. "A Firm Grip." Mechanical Engineering 131, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2009-oct-2.

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This article presents an overview of the Peg Restrained Intrinsic Muscle Evaluator (PRIME) device developed by a team of students at the Rice University to measure the strength of a hand affected by nerve or muscle damage. Members of the PRIME team started work on the device in the fall of 2008. Up to that time, doctors commonly used a manual muscle test to measure hand strength. In this test, a patient is asked to lift each finger while the doctor presses gently down on it. Such a measurement is crude at best and totally subjective. The research team realized that it was important for their new device to rotate freely in the x–y plane and translate freely along the z-axis. Because of this freedom of movement, when the patient pulls on the load cell, the sensor can swivel so that the full force vector is measured. This project won the Innovation Showcase competition, and the team members received $10,000 in seed money.

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Maloney, Rachel. "The Optovue iVue OCT System from Grafton Optical: The Possibilities of Hand-held OCT Devices in Ophthalmic Practice." Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine 35, no. 2 (June 2012): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453054.2012.690130.

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Feldchtein, F. I., G. V. Gelikonov, V. M. Gelikonov, R. R. Iksanov, R. V. Kuranov, A. M. Sergeev, N. D. Gladkova, M. N. Ourutina, J. A. Warren, and D. H. Reitze. "In vivo OCT imaging of hard and soft tissue of the oral cavity." Optics Express 3, no. 6 (September 14, 1998): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.3.000239.

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Liso, V., G. Specchia, V. Pavone, A. Riezzo, D. Santorsola, L. Tullio, and M. Magno. "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia hand-mirror cells with OKT 8 phenotype." Blut 53, no. 4 (October 1986): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00320891.

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Kronfli, Nadine, Camille Dussault, Sofia Bartlett, Dennaye Fuchs, Kelly Kaita, Kate Harland, Brandi Martin, Cindy Whitten-Nagle, and Joseph Cox. "Disparities in hepatitis C care across Canadian provincial prisons: Implications for hepatitis C micro-elimination." Canadian Liver Journal 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 292–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/canlivj-2020-0035.

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BACKGROUND: Delivery of hepatitis C virus (HCV) care to people in prison is essential to HCV elimination. We aimed to describe current HCV care practices across Canada’s adult provincial prisons. METHODS: One representative per provincial prison health care team (except Ontario) was invited to participate in a web-based survey from January to June 2020. The outcomes of interest were HCV screening and treatment, treatment restrictions, and harm reduction services. The government ministry responsible for health care was determined. Non-nominal data were aggregated by province and ministry; descriptive statistical analyses were used to report outcomes. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 59/65 (91%) prisons. On-demand, risk-based, opt-in, and opt-out screening are offered by 19 (32%), 10 (17%), 18 (31%), and 9 (15%) prisons, respectively; 3 prisons offer no HCV screening. Liver fibrosis assessments are rare (8 prisons access transient elastography, and 15 use aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio or Fibrosis-4); 20 (34%) prisons lack linkage to care programs. Only 32 (54%) prisons have ever initiated HCV treatment on site. Incarceration length and a fibrosis staging of ≥F2 are the most common eligibility restrictions for treatment. Opioid agonist therapy is available in 83% of prisons; needle and syringe programs are not available anywhere. Systematic screening and greater access to treatment and harm reduction services are more common where the Ministry of Health is responsible. CONCLUSIONS: Tremendous variability exists in HCV screening and care practices across Canada’s provincial prisons. To advance HCV care, adopting opt-out screening and removing eligibility restrictions may be important initial strategies.

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Fosin, Juraj, Davor Davidović, and Tonči Carić. "A GPU Implementation of Local Search Operators for Symmetric Travelling Salesman Problem." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 25, no. 3 (June 19, 2013): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v25i3.300.

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The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most studied combinatorial optimization problem which is significant in many practical applications in transportation problems. The TSP problem is NP-hard problem and requires large computation power to be solved by the exact algorithms. In the past few years, fast development of general-purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) has brought huge improvement in decreasing the applications’ execution time. In this paper, we implement 2-opt and 3-opt local search operators for solving the TSP on the GPU using CUDA. The novelty presented in this paper is a new parallel iterated local search approach with 2-opt and 3-opt operators for symmetric TSP, optimized for the execution on GPUs. With our implementation large TSP problems (up to 85,900 cities) can be solved using the GPU. We will show that our GPU implementation can be up to 20x faster without losing quality for all TSPlib problems as well as for our CRO TSP problem.

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Sahyoun, Christine C., Hrebesh M. Subhash, Deborah Peru, Roger P. Ellwood, and Mark C. Pierce. "An Experimental Review of Optical Coherence Tomography Systems for Noninvasive Assessment of Hard Dental Tissues." Caries Research 54, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000502375.

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive, high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging technique. To date, OCT has been demonstrated in several areas of dentistry, primarily using wavelengths around 1,300 nm, low numerical aperture (NA) imaging lenses, and detectors insensitive to the polarization of light. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of three commercially available OCT systems operating with alternative wavelengths, imaging lenses, and detectors for OCT imaging of dental enamel. Spectral-domain (SD) OCT systems with (i) 840 nm (Lumedica, OQ LabScope 1.0), (ii) 1,300 nm (Thorlabs, Tel320) center wavelengths, and (iii) a swept-source (SS) OCT system (Thorlabs OCS1300SS) centered at 1,325 nm with optional polarization-sensitive detection were used. Low NA (0.04) and high NA (0.15) imaging lenses were used with system (iii). Healthy in vivo and in vitrohuman enamel and eroded in vitro bovine enamel specimens were imaged. The Tel320 system achieved greater imaging depth than the OQ LabScope 1.0, on average imaging 2.6 times deeper into the tooth (n = 10). The low NA lens provided a larger field of view and depth of focus, while the high NA lens provided higher lateral resolution and greater contrast. Polarization-sensitive imaging eliminated birefringent banding artifacts that can appear in conventional OCT scans. In summary, this study illustrates the performance of three commercially available OCT systems, objective lenses, and imaging modes and how these can affect imaging depth, resolution, field of view, and contrast in enamel. Users investigating OCT for dental applications should consider these factors when selecting an OCT system for clinical or basic science studies.

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Dufour, Pascal A., Lala Ceklic, Hannan Abdillahi, Simon Schroder, Sandro De Dzanet, Ute Wolf-Schnurrbusch, and Jens Kowal. "Graph-Based Multi-Surface Segmentation of OCT Data Using Trained Hard and Soft Constraints." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 32, no. 3 (March 2013): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2012.2225152.

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Balogh, B., H. Piza-Katzer, and D. Kosak. "Bursitis calcarea - eine oft übersehene und fehldiagnostizierte Erkrankung an der Hand." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 135, no. 06 (March 18, 2008): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1039742.

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Lurie, Kristen L., Roland Angst, Eric J. Seibel, Joseph C. Liao, and Audrey K. Ellerbee Bowden. "Registration of free-hand OCT daughter endoscopy to 3D organ reconstruction." Biomedical Optics Express 7, no. 12 (November 8, 2016): 4995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.7.004995.

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Mühlnikel, Ingrid. "Aus erster Hand." kma - Klinik Management aktuell 16, no. 02 (February 2011): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1575891.

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Pedersen, Hilde R., Stuart J. Gilson, Alfredo Dubra, Inger Christine Munch, Michael Larsen, and Rigmor C. Baraas. "Multimodal imaging of small hard retinal drusen in young healthy adults." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 1 (October 19, 2017): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310719.

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BackgroundSmall hard macular drusen can be observed in the retina of adults as young as 18 years of age. Here, we seek to describe the in vivo topography and geometry of these drusen.MethodsRetinal images were acquired in young, healthy adults using colour fundus photography, spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT), reflectance flood-illuminated adaptive optic ophthalmoscopy (AO flood) and reflectance adaptive optic scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) in both confocal and non-confocal split-detection modalities. Small bright yellow hard drusen within a 10 degree radius from the foveal centre were characterised.ResultsSmall hard drusen were seen on colour photographs in 21 out of 97 participants and 26 drusen in 12 eyes in 11 participants were imaged using the full protocol. Drusen were easily identifiable in all modalities, except a few very small ones, which were not visible on SD-OCT. On AOSLO images, these drusen appeared as round, oval or lobular areas (up to three lobules) of diameter 22–61 µm where cone photoreceptor reflectivity and density was decreased (p=0.049). This was usually associated with discrete thickening of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) complex.ConclusionHigh lateral resolution imaging of small lobular hard retinal drusen suggests formation through the confluence of two or more smaller round lesions. The outline and size of these smaller lesions corresponds to 1–4 RPE cells. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to determine the ultimate fate of small hard drusen and their potential relation to age-related macular degeneration.

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Woods, Robert O. "Clears Glass." Mechanical Engineering 128, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2006-oct-4.

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This paper describes the progress made in lens making for telescopes. The use of rotating equipment was an important innovation in lens making, although it is possible to grind lenses entirely by hand. After grinding, the lens was polished, sometimes using the same lap that had been used to shape it. It required preparing the lap surface to remove roughness. In some cases, it was done by overlaying the surface of the lap with a specially prepared paper. Pitch was poured on the lens surface and, when it hardened, was removed, creating a tool exactly matching the curvature of the lens. When it became possible to make generalizations about the performance of telescopes, it became obvious that the spherical aberration due to the shape of simple lenses was a factor that limited optical quality. The vast majority of amateur-made telescopes are reflectors.

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Amran, Husna Farianti, and Dona Martilova. "FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI SIKLUS HAID PADA PENDERITA TUBERCULOSIS (TB) PARU DENGAN TERAPI OAT DI KOTA PEKANBARU." Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati 5, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jkm.v5i3.1367.

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Latar Belakang : Tuberkulosis Paru (TB Paru) adalah suatu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Di Indonesia kasus TB mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Setiap orang baik laki-laki maupun perempuan berisiko terkena TB. Penyakit TB paru dapat dicegah dan diobati. Pengobatan TB dengan menggunakan Obat Anti TB (OAT). Setiap penggunaan Obat Anti TB (OAT) menimbulkan efek samping, beberapa efek samping terjadi sesuai dengan tipe obat yang dikonsumsi. Efek samping yang paling sering adalah gangguan neorologi, ginjal, saluran cerna, masalah kulit dan alergi. Bahkan Pada beberapa perempuan penggunaan OAT dapat menyebabkan gangguan haid. Perempuan yang terinfeksi TB melaporkan perubahan pada masa haid.Tujuan : menganalisis Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi siklus haid pada wanita penderita TB Paru di Kota Pekanbaru. Adapun faktor tersebut meliputi Jenis OAT, Usia, jangka waktu penggunaan OAT, dan Status gizi.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan design korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh wanita penderita TB Paru yang mengkonsumsi OAT yang berjumlah 243 orang dan diambil sampel 53 orang dengan menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling dari 5 Puskesmas yang ada di kota Pekanbaru. Instrument penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisa dengan teknik analisa data univariat dengan menggambarkan masing-masing variable dan teknik analisa data bivariate dengan pendekatan uji korelasi Chi-Square (X2). Hasil Penelitian: terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lama penggunaan OAT dan siklus haid wanita penderita TB Paru dengan P value sebesar 0,023 (P<0,05), tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara Jenis OAT yang dikonumsi wanita TB Paru dengan siklus haid dengan P value sebesar 0,525 (P > 0,05). terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia reproduksi dan siklus haid wanita penderita TB Paru dengan P value sebesar 0,002 (P < 0,05). diketahui terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dan siklus haid wanita penderita TB paru dengan P value sebesar 0,031 (P < 0,05).Simpulan : penelitian ini faktor yang mempengaruhi siklus haid wanita TB paru dengan terapi OAT adalah lama penggunaan OAT, usia, dan status gizi. Kata kunci : Wanita TB paru, OAT, lama penggunaan OAT, jenis OAT, Usia, Status gizi

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Tonkin, Michael A., and Kerby C. Oberg. "The OMT Classification of Congenital Anomalies of the Hand and Upper Limb." Hand Surgery 20, no. 03 (September 21, 2015): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810415400055.

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The Oberg, Manske and Tonkin (OMT) Classification of congenital anomalies of the hand and upper limb uses dysmorphological terminology, placing conditions in one of three groups: Malformations, Deformations and Dysplasias. The main group, Malformations, is further subdivided according to whether the whole of the limb is affected or the hand plate alone, and whether the primary insult involves one of the three axes of limb development and patterning or is non-axial. The common surgical diagnoses, such as thumb duplication and thumb hypoplasia, are then placed within this framework. Recently the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand Scientific Committee for Congenital Conditions approved the OMT Classification as a timely and appropriate replacement of the previously accepted Swanson Classification. This review charts the development of and modifications to the OMT Classification and its current status.

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Khatun, MA, MA Islam, and S. Majumder. "Why some poor women in Bangladesh do not opt for micro-credit?" Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 11, no. 2 (August 10, 2014): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i2.19927.

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Despite many positive impacts of micro-credit, some studies found that micro-credits are not reaching the extreme poor. This study is designed to find out the major causes why rural women do not join micro-credit programme. The present study conducted case studies on ten dropped out members, three non-NGO/MFI members and five NGO/MFI officials. The important causes for dropout are high interest rate, poor management of loan money by clients, management of default cases by NGO/MFI officials, starting time of repayments of instalment, improper utilisation of loan money, husbands unacceptable interference, lack of training to utilise the money and difficulty in getting large amount of loan. On the other hand, worry of failure to repay the instalment, unwillingness to take loan and husbands opposition are the main reasons for non-membership of micro-credit programmes. Tough membership criteria set by the NGOs/MFIs restricts the access to micro-credit option for many of the poor families. Though some NGOs/MFIs have some programmes to support the ultra poor, the coverage is limited. One important hurdle to overcome is the psychological poverty. There are many poor people who are not motivated to get involved in the process despite many NGOs/MFIs are operating at their doorsteps. Appropriate actions are needed to increase the coverage of the micro-credit programme to fight against poverty. NGOs/MFIs should focus not only on the profit but also on the true achievement in poverty alleviation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i2.19927 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(2): 285-292, 2013

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Bramstedt, Katrina A. "Increasing Donation Opportunities for Vascularized Composite Allografts." Progress in Transplantation 26, no. 4 (August 20, 2016): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526924816664080.

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There are 40 vascularized composite allotransplant programs across 5 continents served by 31 organ procurement organizations (or equivalent). The organizations’ websites inform about organ and tissue donation. This research explored worldwide educational efforts on vascularized composite allograft (VCAG) donation via their corporate websites as well as options within donor registries and donor card systems to indicate a VCAG donation preference. Of these, 13 (41.9%) of 31 had VCAG content and 7 (22.6%) of 31 offered a mechanism for individuals to voice a preference about VCAG donation through an opt in donor registry or card or an opt out registry. In North America, the only donor registration/card system that facilitated VCAG donation is in Mexico. The resistance to consent for VACG donation is likely due to poor public education and the personal nature of face, hand, uterus, and penile allografts. Efforts to reduce this resistance can begin with the assistance of website content, registries, and donor cards.

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Koleva-Georgieva, Dessislava Nikolaeva. "Optical Coherence Tomography – Segmentation Performance and Retinal Thickness Measurement Errors." European Ophthalmic Review 06, no. 02 (2012): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2012.06.02.78.

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an indispensable tool in the assessment of macular pathology in clinical settings and an integral part of many clinical trials. However, as with any imaging technology, some limitations exist. In this review, the author describes and discusses the various causes that might compromise automated retinal thickness measurements. The segmentation software might perform less accurately in the presence of scan artefacts (e.g. ‘out-of-range’, mirror, blink and motion artefacts), a low signal:noise ratio, dense media opacities and specific retinal pathological features (e.g. pigment epithelial detachment, subretinal fluid, fibrotic tissue, hard exudates and full-thickness macular holes). The awareness of the clinician and the particular search for, and recognition of, measurement errors would improve the accuracy of OCT interpretation and should be an integral part of OCT scan analysis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hard opt out'

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