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Journal articles on the topic 'Hard machining'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Hard machining.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Drlička, R., J. Žarnovský, R. Mikuš, I. Kováč, and M. Korenko. "Hard machining of agricultural machines parts." Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, Special Issue (December 13, 2013): S42—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2012-rae.

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For the renovation and/or improvement of the surface properties of machine elements, hard facing is often used. Hard structures obtained in layers or by heat treatment achieve a hardness of up to 68 hardness (HRC) or even more. The grinding of these surfaces demands the use of processing fluids and causes sometimes changes in the surface layers structure. Hard turning can replace grinding when certain requirements are fulfilled, particularly tough machining system. Hard deposits of two weld-on materials on a sample of steel grade S235JRG1 have been turned using cemented carbide inserts with a TiAlN coating of PVD type. The surface roughness measurements along with the observation of insert wear have been conducted to find proper machining parameters and conditions for this application. Cutting inserts manufacturer guidelines for special application could be insufficient or even not provided. Besides that, it is necessary in the experiments to take into account and examine the cutting ceramics and cubic boron nitride (CBN)/polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN).

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2

Ng, Eu-Gene, and David K. Aspinwall. "Modelling of hard part machining." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 127, no. 2 (September 2002): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00146-2.

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3

Nakayama, Kazuo, Minoru Arai, and Torahiko Kanda. "Machining Characteristics of Hard Materials." CIRP Annals 37, no. 1 (1988): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61592-3.

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4

ROTELLA, Giovanna, Domenico UMBRELLO, Oscar W. DILLON JR, and I. S. JAWAHIR. "3260 Evaluation of Process Performance for Sustainable Hard Machining." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2011.6 (2011): _3260–1_—_3260–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2011.6._3260-1_.

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5

NAMATAME, Yoshiyuki, and Masahiko YOSHINO. "C18 Machining properties of hard-brittle materials under high external hydrostatic pressure(Ultra-precision machining)." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2009.5 (2009): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2009.5.413.

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6

Takahashi, IKUMA. "A02 High performance machining center for hard metal machining application." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2008.7 (2008): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2008.7.21.

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7

Kroening, Oliver, Mathias Herzig, Hans Peter Schulze, Matthias Hackert-Oschätzchen, Ralf Kühn, Henning Zeidler, and Andreas Schubert. "Resource-Efficient Machining of Hard Metals." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 708–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.708.

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The main requirements of carbide metal working are higher precision and high quality surface which can be fulfilled by electrical discharge machining. This procedure is accompanied with formation of heat affected zones (white layers) during the discharge process negatively. Therefore, the essential post-processing reduces the efficiency of this process and shows the importance of process energy sources (PES) with ultra short discharge in favor of a clearly differentiated cutting volume. By means of simulations of crater geometry and channel expansion the influence of discharge rise time is defined as determining factor for the cut volume and formation of white layers. The technological section presents two different approaches of realizing ultra-short pulses.

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8

Kundrák, János, Athanasios Mamalis, and Viktor Molnár. "The efficiency of hard machining processes." Nanotechnology Perceptions 15, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4024/n05ku19a.ntp.15.02.

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9

Guseynov, R. V. "Tap machining of hard-processing materials." Science Almanac, no. 1 (2014): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17117/na.2014.01.185.

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10

Kundrák, János, Viktor Molnár, and Angelos P. Markopoulos. "JOINT MACHINING: HARD TURNING AND GRINDING." Cutting & Tools in Technological System, no. 90 (May 1, 2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-7405.2019.90.05.

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11

Siddons, D. P., E. D. Johnson, and H. Guckel. "Precision machining using hard X-rays." Synchrotron Radiation News 7, no. 2 (March 1994): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08940889408261259.

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12

Vrabeľ, Marek, Miroslav Paľo, Mária Semanová, Ildikó Maňková, and Jozef Trebuňa. "Tool Condition Monitoring when Hard Machining." Acta Mechanica Slovaca 24, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21496/ams.2020.019.

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13

Gopalsamy, Bala Murugan, Biswanath Mondal, Sukamal Ghosh, Kristian Arntz, and Fritz Klocke. "Investigations on hard machining of Impax Hi Hard tool steel." International Journal of Material Forming 2, no. 3 (February 24, 2009): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-009-0400-5.

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14

Singh, Dilbag, and P. Venkateswara Rao. "B12 Selection of Optimal Machining Parameters in Hard Turning with Graphite as Solid Lubricant(Advanced machining technology)." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2009.5 (2009): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2009.5.325.

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15

Cotargă, Elena Adina, Marcel Sabin Popa, Stefan Sattel, Dan Preja, Ovidiu Virgil Vereș, and Claudiu Ioan Jugrestan. "Ultrasonic Assisted Machining for Hard-to-Cut Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.345.

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This study presents new machining types of advanced materials. Super alloys, ceramics and fiber reinforced plastics started being used on a large scale in the last period, this making necessary the development of new machines and machining processes. This paper describes different methods of ultrasonic machining and makes a comparison between them. By ultrasonic machining can be understood a process that involves axial vibrations with a high frequency and low amplitude, for improving the machining conditions like chip flute removal, tool wear and temperature reducing. In this paper, are presented three different ultrasonic machining methods. In the first one, the cutting process is made by abrasive slurry inserted between the tool and the workpiece, in the second one is made by a rotating diamond-brazed tool and in the last one is made by a special drill. This paper aims to study the current status in this field in order to make a research program through collaboration between the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca and the tool company Gühring KG by which to develop ultrasonic drilling.

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16

Kundrák, János, Gyula Varga, Istvan Deszpoth, and Viktor Molnar. "Some Aspects of the Hard Machining of Bore Holes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 309 (February 2013): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.309.126.

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The machining of hardened surfaces can be done even fulfilling the ever stricter accuracy and quality prescriptions, besides the economic efficiency. Decisively, hard machining is highlightedly important in finish processes because the components must meet increased functional demands. Therefore the number and/or the hardness of the hard surfaces on the components is continuously increasing. In practice the demand for such components is high since they are more wear resistant and their tool life may be higher. Today there are several possibilities for finish machining of components having hard surfaces. We have done experiments for hard machining of inner cylindrical surfaces. The examined procedures were as follows: grinding, hard turning, combined machining. The first two procedures (hard turning, grinding) have got different procedure-specific advantages and disadvantages. Combining these two procedures, using-up the advantages of them, the efficiency of the production can be increased. This paper outlines these procedures of hard machining, their applicability, the increase of their efficiency, and the possibilities provided by the combination of the procedures.

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17

Zhu, Hong Yu, and Ying Li. "Study on Macro-Morphology of Hard Whirling Chips." Key Engineering Materials 499 (January 2012): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.499.312.

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The technology of hard whirling is a kind of advanced manufacturing technology which integrates high efficiency, high precision and energy saving as a whole and attracts wide attention in machining field around home and abroad. Through studying on experiment of hard whirling machining on rolling bearing steel which has average hardness at 63.5HRC, this article focuses on different understanding of saw-tooth chips, illustrates the essential difference between macro- morphology and micro-morphology of saw-tooth chips, analyzes macro- morphology of saw-tooth chips with their corresponding machining parameters and finally raises a new solution to implement online monitoring on hard whirling machining.

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18

Лосев, Е., E. Losev, В. Попов, V. Popov, Д. Лобанов, D. Lobanov, П. Архипов, P. Arkhipov, А. Янюшкин, and A. Yanyushkin. "Surface quality of tungstenfree hard alloys after diamond machining." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17318.

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The quality parameters of TN-20 hard alloy after the diamond machining are determined. The technology of combined electro-diamond grinding, which allows resolving the problems of equipment modernization and definition of optimal machining conditions of tungstenfree hard alloys, is developed. The methods of metallographic and spectral analysis, which determined the reasons of low quality of surfaces of tungstenfree hard alloys after abrasive machining, are used. Based on the analysis of the research results, the combined electro-diamond grinding technology for improving the machining performance of parts from tungstenfree hard alloys, is recommended.

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19

Brunete, Alberto, Ernesto Gambao, Jukka Koskinen, Tapio Heikkilä, Knut Berg Kaldestad, Ilya Tyapin, Geir Hovland, et al. "Hard material small-batch industrial machining robot." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 54 (December 2018): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2017.11.004.

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20

Madl, Jan. "Surface Properties in Precise and Hard Machining." Manufacturing Technology 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2012/a/1213-2489/mt/12/2/158.

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21

Cep, Robert, Adam Janasek, Jana Petru, Lenka Cepova, Andrej Czan, and Jan Valicek. "Hard Machinable Machining of Cobalt-based Superalloy." Manufacturing Technology 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/mt/13/2/142.

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22

Derflinger, V., H. Brändle, and H. Zimmermann. "New hard/lubricant coating for dry machining." Surface and Coatings Technology 113, no. 3 (March 1999): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(99)00004-3.

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23

Wang, Z. Y., and K. P. Rajurkar. "Cryogenic machining of hard-to-cut materials." Wear 239, no. 2 (April 2000): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(99)00361-0.

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24

Teplova, T. B. "Producing nanorelief in machining hard brittle surfaces." Russian Engineering Research 29, no. 8 (August 2009): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x09080243.

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25

Makarov, V. F., D. I. Tokarev, and V. R. Tyktamishev. "High speed broaching of hard machining materials." International Journal of Material Forming 1, S1 (April 2008): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-008-0276-9.

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26

Koshimizu, S., and I. Iansaki. "Hybrid machining of hard and brittle materials." Journal of Mechanical Working Technology 17 (August 1988): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3804(88)90035-6.

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27

Molnár, Viktor. "TRIBOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY OF HARD MACHINED SURFACES." Cutting & Tools in Technological System, no. 94 (June 16, 2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-7405.2021.94.06.

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In machining automotive industrial parts by hard machining procedures, the topographic characteristics of high accuracy surfaces have high importance. In this paper 2D and 3D surface roughness features of gear bores machined by hard turning and grinding are demonstrated. The 3D roughness parameters, which are considered as more exact than the 2D parameters, were compared to the 2D ones, which are used more widely in industrial practice. The analyzed machining procedure versions were ranked based on the topographic parameters determining the tribological (wear and oil-retention capability) characteristics of the different surfaces.

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28

MAMAHESWARRAO, P. U., D. RANGARAJU, K. N. S. SUMAN, and B. RAVISANKAR. "Machining force comparison for surface defect hard turning and conventional hard turning of AISI 52100 steel." INCAS BULLETIN 13, no. 3 (September 4, 2021): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2021.13.3.17.

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In this article, a recently developed method called surface defect machining (SDM) for hard turning has been adopted and termed surface defect hard turning (SDHT). The main purpose of the present study was to explore the impact of cutting parameters like cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, and tool geometry parameters such as nose radius and negative rake angle of the machining force during surface defect hard turning (SDHT) of AISI 52100 steel in dry condition with Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tool; and results were compared with conventional hard turning (CHT). Experimentation is devised and executed as per Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Results reported that an average machining force was decreased by 22% for surface defect hard turning (SDHT) compared to conventional hard turning (CHT).

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29

Ullah, AMM Sharif. "Machining Forces Due to Turning of Bimetallic Objects Made of Aluminum, Titanium, Cast Iron, and Mild/Stainless Steel." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 2, no. 4 (October 11, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp2040068.

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This article elucidates the characteristics of machining forces (an important phenomenon by which machining is studied) using three sets of bimetallic specimens made of aluminum–titanium, aluminum–cast iron, and stainless steel–mild steel. The cutting, feed, and thrust forces were recorded for different cutting conditions (i.e., different cutting speeds, feeds, and cutting directions). Possibility distributions were used to quantify the uncertainty associated with machining forces, which were helpful in identifying the optimal machining direction. In synopsis, it was found that while machining the steel-based bimetallic specimens, keeping a low feed and high cutting speed is the better option, and the machining operation can be performed in both the hard-to-soft and soft-to-hard material directions, but machining in the soft-to-hard material direction is the better option. On the other hand, very soft materials should not be used in fabricating a bimetallic part because it creates machining problems. Cutting power was estimated using the cutting and feed force signals. Manufacturers who support sustainable product development (including design, manufacturing, and assembly) can benefit from the outcomes of this study because parts/products made of dissimilar materials (or multi-material objects) are better than their mono-material counterparts in terms of sustainability (cost, weight, and CO2 footprint).

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30

Madl, Jan. "Precision Machining and Optimisation of Cutting Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.100.

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Precision hard machining is a topic of high interest at present. Surface integrity requirements increase. Precision machining may substitute some abrasive operations with some advantages of precision machining over the abrasive machining. But, the availability of hard machining over abrasive machining can also lead to economic advantages. Manufacturing processes, machine tools, cutting tools, tool changes, cutting conditions, etc., are nowadays usually determined intuitively, very often non-professionally, without careful analysis and economic calculation. The determination of cutting conditions is very important aspect of the total optimisation of manufacturing processes. Hard machining is possible to realise by different cutting materials, especially by cubic boron nitride, ceramics and some types of sintered carbides.

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31

Piska, Miroslav. "Hard Nano-Crystalline Coatings for Cutting Tools." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.185.

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Modern trends in metal cutting, high speed/feed machining, dry cutting and hard cutting set more demanding characteristics for cutting tool materials. The exposed parts of the cutting edges must be protected against the severe loading conditions and wear. The most significant coatings methods for cutting tools are PVD and CVD/MTCVD today. The choice of the right substrate or the right protective coating in the specific machining operation can have serious impact on machining productivity and economy. In many cases the deposition of the cutting tool with a hard coating increases considerably its cutting performance and tool life. The coating protects the tool against abrasion, adhesion, diffusion, formation of comb cracks and other wear phenomena.

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32

Zhou, Huilin, Jianfu Zhang, Dingwen Yu, Pingfa Feng, Zhijun Wu, and Wanchong Cai. "Advances in rotary ultrasonic machining system for hard and brittle materials." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 12 (December 2019): 168781401989592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019895929.

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Rotary ultrasonic machining has been widely used for machining of hard and brittle materials due to the advantages of low cutting force, high machining accuracy, and high surface integrity. Focusing on the development of specialized rotary ultrasonic machining systems, this article summarizes the advances in the functional components and key technologies of rotary ultrasonic machining systems for hard and brittle materials, including the ultrasonic generator, power transfer structure, transducer, ultrasonic horn, and cutting tool. Developments on the automatic frequency tracking method, the establishment of an electrical compensation model for power transfer, the energy conversion characteristics of piezoelectric materials and giant magnetostrictive materials, and the design methods for the ultrasonic horn and cutting tool were elaborated. The principle of magnetostrictive energy conversion, output amplitude characteristics of a giant magnetostrictive transducer, and high-power giant magnetostrictive rotary ultrasonic machining systems were also presented. Future research and developments of rotary ultrasonic machining systems regarding the ultrasonic generator, amplitude stability, energy conversion efficiency, vibration mode, and system integration were finally discussed.

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33

Yoshino, Masahiko, Takayuki Aoki, and Takahiro Shirakashi. "Scratching Test of Hard-Brittle Materials Under High Hydrostatic Pressure." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1347035.

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This paper proposes machining under high hydrostatic pressure as a new damage-free machining method for hard-brittle materials. Experiments for this study utilized a specially designed scratching test device, and the pin-on-disc scratching tests were conducted with three (3) hard-brittle materials (i.e., silicon, glass, and quartz) under pressure of 400 MPa and zero MPa. Traces of scratches on these specimens were examined with microscopes to evaluate the effects of hydrostatic pressure on machining defects. The results of the experiments show that hydrostatic pressure is efficient in minimizing machining defects and optimizing the productivity of the hard-brittle materials used in these experiments. Based on these findings, the paper concludes that the origin of a machining crack must exist in the subsurface of the workmaterial.

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34

Kundrák, János, K. Gyáni, and I. Deszpoth. "The effect of the borehole diameter on the machining times in hard machining." Manufacturing Technology 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2012/a/1213-2489/mt/12/2/144.

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35

YOSHINO, Masahiko, Naoki YOSHIKAWA, and Kazuaki UCHIDA. "416 High pressure machining device for damage free machining of hard brittle materials." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2008.8 (2008): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2008.8.0_133.

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36

Gopalsamy, Bala Murugan, Biswanath Mondal, and Sukamal Ghosh. "Optimisation of machining parameters for hard machining: grey relational theory approach and ANOVA." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 45, no. 11-12 (April 28, 2009): 1068–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-009-2054-3.

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37

Xu, Chao Liang, Xiao Hua Tang, and Tian Yu Xia. "The Surface Quality Experimental Analysis of Rotary Ultrasonic Machining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 419 (October 2013): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.419.348.

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Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is widely used for machining virous kinds of hard-brittle materials. This article aims to study ultrasonic machining surface quality of zirconia ceramic, low-carbonsteel boltwith self-developed rotary ultrasonic machine. The surface roughness could be detected and observed by Taylor Hobson surface roughness instrument and Keyence microscope.The experimental resultsshow that the surface quality achieved by rotary ultrasonic machining is better than bytraditional mechanical machining. Rotary ultrasonic machininghas advantages for machining hard-brittle materials.

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38

GRZESIK, Wit, Berend DENKENA, Krzysztof ZAK, Thilo GROVE, and Benjamin BERGMANN. "0601 Energy Balance in Precision Hard Machining with Worn CBN Cutting Tools." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2015.8 (2015): _0601–1_—_0601–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2015.8._0601-1_.

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39

Adesta, Erry Yulian Triblas, and Muataz H. F. Al Hazza. "Machining Time Simulation in High Speed Hard Turning." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1102.

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High speed hard turning is an advanced manufacturing technology that reduces the machining time because of two reasons; reducing the manufacturing steps and increasing the cutting speed. This new approach needs an economical justification; one of the main economical factors is the machining time. The machining time was breaking down into three main parts; productive time, non productive time, and preparation time. By using matlab Simulink, a new program was developed for machining time allowing the manufacturer to find rapidly the values of cutting time parameters and gives the management the opportunity to modify the processing parameters to achieve the optimum time by using the optimum cutting parameters. Table 1: Nomenclature d Depth of cut M T total machining time pmv t Total movement time D Work piece diameter h t handling time pch t Total Tool changing time f Feed rate tc t tool changing time pre t Total preparing time z e Engagement distance on Z-axis ch t Tool changing time per piece, prg t Programming time x e Degagement distance on X-axis am t Machine allowance time su t Set up time k Number of passes ao t Operator allowance time sum t Machine set up L Tool life a t Allowance time sut t Tool set up l Work piece length o t Tool movement at the rapid speed suw t Work piece set up N Spindle speed oA t From zero point to cutting point TH Tool hardness tool n No. of tool posts in the turret p t Total productive time o X tidy of the O t point o1 p Initial position of the turret. o Z = abciss of the O t point w Work piece weigh o2 p Position of the used tool c V Cutting speed c w Width of cutting speed r Rotation speed of the turret f V Feeding speed tool n no. of tool in the turret c t Cutting time o V Rapid speed speed r : Turret rotation speed

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40

Stachurski, Z., and H. Słupik. "Hobbing as finishing machining of the hard teeth." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 64, no. 1-3 (February 1997): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(96)02586-1.

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41

Vomacka, Peter, and Hartmut Walburger. "Residual Stresses due to Hard-Machining - Industrial Experiences." Materials Science Forum 347-349 (May 2000): 592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.347-349.592.

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42

Sutanto, Hadi, and Jan Madl. "Residual stress development in hard machining - a review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (October 1, 2018): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/420/1/012031.

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43

Jahan, M. P., M. M. Anwar, Y. S. Wong, and M. Rahman. "Nanofinishing of hard materials using micro-electrodischarge machining." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 223, no. 9 (June 2, 2009): 1127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem1470.

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Micro-electrodischarge machining (micro-EDM) has been found to be an effective method of machining all types of conductive material, regardless of hardness. The process is being widely used in the production of tools and dies using hard and difficult-to-cut materials, where the surface quality of the product is of prime importance. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of achieving fine surface finish in the micro-EDM of hard tungsten carbide (WC) and tool steel (SKH-51). Three different approaches: sinking, milling, and powder mixed dielectric (PMD) micro-EDM were applied in order to obtain a fine surface finish. The surface characteristics of machined WC and SKH-51 were studied and compared based on the surface topography achieved, the average surface roughness ( Ra), and the peak-to-valley roughness ( Rmax) of the machined surface. It has been found that the topography and finish of the machined surface greatly depend on the discharge energy during machining. The surface generated using micro-EDM milling is found to be smoother and defect-free compared with those generated by die-sinking. At the same discharge energy, SKH-51 tool steel provides lower Ra and Rmax when compared with WC. Finally, graphite PMD has been applied in the micro-EDM of SKH-51, as it provides comparatively lower Ra and Rmax. It has been found that both the Ra and Rmax were significantly reduced and crater distribution became more uniform when graphite nanopowder mixed dielectric was applied. Among the approaches, PMD milling micro-EDM has been found to provide a relatively improved surface finish during machining SKH-51.

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44

Ivanov, V. V., and K. A. Tolkachev. "Selecting a hard alloy for machining gray iron." Russian Engineering Research 30, no. 5 (May 2010): 510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x10050175.

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45

Kundrák, János, and Gyula Varga. "Possibility of Reducing Environmental Load in Hard Machining." Key Engineering Materials 496 (December 2011): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.496.205.

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Abstract. The development of metal machining processes and procedures has been characterized by aiming at accuracy and economy for decades. The applied coolants and lubricants helped this process; however, they are polluting the environment. For today that is a social demand and technical possibility that environmental aspects should predominate better in production engineering. In the frame of this article, through the application of dry hard turning we shall spotlight on its economy and efficiency. We shall prove that, keeping the same accuracy and economic efficiency, it is possible to choose a machining process by which the environmental load can be reduced compared to the most frequently applied grinding.

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HAYASHI, Zenei, Kazuhiro MIYAGAWA, and Shin'ichiro HIRA. "Polishing for Hard Materials using Magnetic Barrel Machining." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2018 (2018): YC2018–044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2018.yc2018-044.

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ROTELLA, Giovanna, Domenico UMBRELLO, Oscar W. DILLON Jr., and I. S. JAWAHIR. "Evaluation of Process Performance for Sustainable Hard Machining." Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing 6, no. 6 (2012): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jamdsm.6.989.

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Uhlmann, Eckart, and Sebastian Richarz. "Twisted deep hole drilling tools for hard machining." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 24 (October 2016): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2016.09.013.

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Kuruc, Marcel, and Jozef Peterka. "Rotary Ultrasonic Machining of Poly-Crystalline Cubic Boron Nitride." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 22, no. 341 (December 1, 2014): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2014-0015.

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Abstract Poly-crystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) is one of the hardest material. Generally, so hard materials could not be machined by conventional machining methods. Therefore, for this purpose, advanced machining methods have been designed. Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is included among them. RUM is based on abrasive removing mechanism of ultrasonic vibrating diamond particles, which are bonded on active part of rotating tool. It is suitable especially for machining hard and brittle materials (such as glass and ceramics). This contribution investigates this advanced machining method during machining of PCBN.

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Feng, Hui Ying, and Xiao Jing Li. "Development of Super-Hard Cutter Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.3.

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Super-hard tool material is a main research point of mechanical engineering because of excellent performance. The development of technology for high-speed cutting process could enhance the machining quality and surface precision. It is a difficulty thing to get higher finished surface for traditional machining process. However, the super-hard cutter material could enhance the finished performance of tool material. For example, the wearing resistance, high stability of PCD (polycrystalline diamond) and PCBN (poly cubic boron nitride) can get more information for obtaining higher finished surface quality. The author introduces super-hard cutters materials (PCD and PCBN) development, and discusses several material properties. The features of materials used in different cutting fields are discussed.

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