Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hard machining

Academic literature on the topic 'Hard machining'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hard machining"

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Drlička, R., J. Žarnovský, R. Mikuš, I. Kováč, and M. Korenko. "Hard machining of agricultural machines parts." Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, Special Issue (December 13, 2013): S42—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2012-rae.

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For the renovation and/or improvement of the surface properties of machine elements, hard facing is often used. Hard structures obtained in layers or by heat treatment achieve a hardness of up to 68 hardness (HRC) or even more. The grinding of these surfaces demands the use of processing fluids and causes sometimes changes in the surface layers structure. Hard turning can replace grinding when certain requirements are fulfilled, particularly tough machining system. Hard deposits of two weld-on materials on a sample of steel grade S235JRG1 have been turned using cemented carbide inserts with a TiAlN coating of PVD type. The surface roughness measurements along with the observation of insert wear have been conducted to find proper machining parameters and conditions for this application. Cutting inserts manufacturer guidelines for special application could be insufficient or even not provided. Besides that, it is necessary in the experiments to take into account and examine the cutting ceramics and cubic boron nitride (CBN)/polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN).
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Ng, Eu-Gene, and David K. Aspinwall. "Modelling of hard part machining." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 127, no. 2 (September 2002): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00146-2.

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Nakayama, Kazuo, Minoru Arai, and Torahiko Kanda. "Machining Characteristics of Hard Materials." CIRP Annals 37, no. 1 (1988): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61592-3.

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ROTELLA, Giovanna, Domenico UMBRELLO, Oscar W. DILLON JR, and I. S. JAWAHIR. "3260 Evaluation of Process Performance for Sustainable Hard Machining." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2011.6 (2011): _3260–1_—_3260–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2011.6._3260-1_.

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NAMATAME, Yoshiyuki, and Masahiko YOSHINO. "C18 Machining properties of hard-brittle materials under high external hydrostatic pressure(Ultra-precision machining)." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2009.5 (2009): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2009.5.413.

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Takahashi, IKUMA. "A02 High performance machining center for hard metal machining application." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2008.7 (2008): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2008.7.21.

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Kroening, Oliver, Mathias Herzig, Hans Peter Schulze, Matthias Hackert-Oschätzchen, Ralf Kühn, Henning Zeidler, and Andreas Schubert. "Resource-Efficient Machining of Hard Metals." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 708–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.708.

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The main requirements of carbide metal working are higher precision and high quality surface which can be fulfilled by electrical discharge machining. This procedure is accompanied with formation of heat affected zones (white layers) during the discharge process negatively. Therefore, the essential post-processing reduces the efficiency of this process and shows the importance of process energy sources (PES) with ultra short discharge in favor of a clearly differentiated cutting volume. By means of simulations of crater geometry and channel expansion the influence of discharge rise time is defined as determining factor for the cut volume and formation of white layers. The technological section presents two different approaches of realizing ultra-short pulses.
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Kundrák, János, Athanasios Mamalis, and Viktor Molnár. "The efficiency of hard machining processes." Nanotechnology Perceptions 15, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4024/n05ku19a.ntp.15.02.

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Guseynov, R. V. "Tap machining of hard-processing materials." Science Almanac, no. 1 (2014): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17117/na.2014.01.185.

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Kundrák, János, Viktor Molnár, and Angelos P. Markopoulos. "JOINT MACHINING: HARD TURNING AND GRINDING." Cutting & Tools in Technological System, no. 90 (May 1, 2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-7405.2019.90.05.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hard machining"

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Churi, Nikhil. "Rotary ultrasonic machining of hard-to-machine materials." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2509.

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Knuefermann, Markus M. W. "Machining surfaces of optical quality by hard turning." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/131.

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The main aim of this work was the machining by hard turning of surfaces with optical surface quality. A numerical target had been set as a surface roughness Ra = 10nm. It has been shown that achieving roughness of that magnitude by hard turning is possible. Individual work pieces exhibited the desired surface properties for short lengths at a time, but it proved to be very difficult to achieve these surfaces consistently and over longer cuts. The factors influencing the surface roughness were identified as tool defects and machine vibration in addition to the standard cutting parameters and choice of cutting tool. A model of surface generation in hard turning has been developed and good correlation between simulated and experimentally determined surface roughnesses was achieved. By introducing a material partition equation which determines the proportional contribution of material removal mechanisms in the undeformed chip a comprehensive method for assessing the contributing factors in material removal was developed. While it has been shown that surfaces in hard turning are almost exclusively generated by chip removal and plastic deformation the developed model is versatile enough to include elastic deformation of the work piece. With the help of the model of surface generation in hard turning it has been possible to attribute magnitudes of the influencing factors with respect to the cutting parameters such as feed rate and tool corner radius, and the main disturbances - tool defects and machine vibration. From this conclusions were drawn on the requirements for machine tools and cutting tools, which will need to be realised to make ultra-precision hard turning of surfaces of optical quality a feasible manufacturing process.
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Rashid, Waleed Bin. "Surface defect machining : a new approach for hard turning." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2840.

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Hard turning is emerging as a key technology to substitute conventional grinding processes, mainly on account of lower equipment cost, short setup time, and a reduced number of process steps. This is, however, being impeded by a number of challenges required to be resolved, including attainable surface roughness, surface deteriorations, surface residual stresses and metallurgical transformations on the machined steel surface (white layer). In this thesis, a novel approach named Surface Defect Machining (SDM) is proposed as a viable solution to resolve a large number of these issues and to improve surface finish and surface integrity. SDM is defined as a process of machining, where a workpiece is first subjected to surface defects creation at a depth less than the uncut chip thickness; either through mechanical and/or thermal means; then followed by a normal machining operation so as to reduce the cutting resistance. A comprehensive understanding of SDM is established theoretically using finite element method (FEM). Also, an experimental study has been carried out for extensive understanding of the new technique. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental investigations has been achieved. The results show very interesting salient features of SDM, providing favourable machining outcomes. These include: reduced shear plane angle, reduced machining forces, lower residual stresses on the machined surface, reduced tool-chip interface contact length and increased chip flow velocity, as well as reductions in overall temperature in the cutting zone and changing the mechanism of chip morphology from jagged to discontinuous. However, the most prominent outcome is the improved attainable surface roughness. Furthermore, SDM shows the ability to exceed the critical feed rate and achieve an optical surface finish upto 30 nm. A scientific explanation of the improved surface roughness suggests that during SDM, a combination of both the cutting action and the rough polishing action help to improve the machined surface. Based on these findings, it is anticipated that a component machined using the SDM method should exhibit improved quality of the machined surface, which is expected to provide tremendous commercial advantages in the time to come.
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Zhang, JingYing. "Process Optimization for Machining of Hardened Steels." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7248.

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Finish machining of hardened steel is receiving increasing attention as an alternative to the grinding process, because it offers comparable part finish, lower production cost, shorter cycle time, fewer process steps, higher flexibility and the elimination of environmentally hazardous cutting fluids. In order to demonstrate its economic viability, it is of particular importance to enable critical hard turning processes to run in optimal conditions based on specified objectives and practical constraints. In this dissertation, a scientific and systematic methodology to design the optimal tool geometry and cutting conditions is developed. First, a systematic evolutionary algorithm is elaborated as its optimization block in the areas of: problem representation; selection scheme; genetic operators for integer, discrete and continuous design variables; constraint handling and population initialization. Secondly, models to predict process thermal, forces/stresses, tool wear and surface integrity are addressed. And then hard turning process planning and optimization are implemented and experimentally validated. Finally, an intelligent advisory system for hard turning technology by integrating experimental, numerical and analytical knowledge into one system with user friendly interface is presented. The work of this dissertation improves the state of the art in making tooling solution and process planning decisions for hard turning processes.
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Pretorius, Cornelius. "Machining of titanium alloys with ultra-hard cutting tool materials." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4385/.

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This research explores the relative merits of existing and novel ultra-hard tool materials for finish turning titanium alloys. Phase 1 of the experimental work comprised evaluating the machinability of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo when employing carbide tooling with respect to tool life, wear behaviour, workpiece surface integrity and cutting forces. The machinability of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo using PCBN tooling was evaluated in Phase 2 experiments. It was shown that even with the use of high pressure jet cooling, carbide and low content PCBN grade inserts were unsuitable for high-speed (~200 m/min) finish turning of titanium alloys. Phase 3 research evaluated the machinability of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo and Ti-6Al-4V when employing PCD tooling with respect to tool life, wear behaviour, workpiece surface integrity and cutting forces. Benchmark tests producing response surface models were developed using conventional low pressure fluid supply and were found to be suitable for the prediction of tool life, surface roughness and cutting force within the range of parameters studied. The PCD inserts significantly outperformed both carbide (by a factor > 24) and PCBN (by a factor > 12) tools in high-speed finish turning, although the performance varied depending on the PCD structure, edge geometry, period of engagement, undeformed chip thickness and jet fluid parameters.
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Evans, R. "Focused ion beam machining of hard materials for micro engineering applications." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4417.

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The Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling of single crystal diamond was investigated and the beam drift and mill yield were quantified. The effect of water assistance on the milling of diamond was found to double the yield. The surface morphology that spontaneously forms during milling was measured and the mechanisms behind its formation investigated. The effect of gallium implantation on the diamond crystal structure was measured by x-ray diffraction. Chemical vapour deposited polycrystalline diamond (PCD) has been machined into micro scale turning tools using a combination of laser processing and FIB machining. Laser processing was used to machine PCD into rounded tool blanks and then the FIB was used to produce sharp cutting edges. This combines the volume removal ability of the laser with the small volume but high precision ability of the FIB. Turning tools with cutting edges of 39µm and 13µm were produced and tested by machining micro channels into oxygen free high conductivity copper (OFHCC). The best surface quality achieved was 28nm Sq. This is compared to a Sq of 69nm for a commercial PCD tool tested under the same circumstances. The 28nm roughness compares well to other published work that has reported a Ra of 20nm when machining OFHCC with single crystal diamond tools produced by FIB machining. The time taken to FIB machine a turning tool from a lasered blank was approximately 6.5 hours. Improvements to the machining process and set up have been suggested that should reduce this to ~1 hour, making this a more cost effective process. PCD tools with sinusoidal cutting prongs were produced using FIB. The dimensions of the prongs were less than 10µm. The tools were tested in OFHCC and the prongs survived intact. Changes to the machining conditions are suggested for improved replication of the prongs into metal. Sapphire was FIB machined to produce nano and micro patterns on a curved surface. The sapphire is part of a micro injection mould for replication of polymer parts. The comparative economics of hot embossing and injection moulding have been studied. Injection moulding was found to be the more cost effective process for making polymer parts at commercial production levels.
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Aussaguel, Pierre. "A simplified finite element simulation for hard turning 52100 steel." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19609.

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Ramesh, Anand. "Prediction of process-induced microstructural changes and residual stresses in orthogonal hard machining." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18842.

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Kishawy, Hossam Eldeen A. "Chip formation and surface integrity in high speed machining of hardened steel /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/NQ42858.pdf.

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Smith, Stephen R. "An investigation into the effects of hard turning surface integrity on component service life." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17526.

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Books on the topic "Hard machining"

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Patel G. C., Manjunath, Ganesh R. Chate, Mahesh B. Parappagoudar, and Kapil Gupta. Machining of Hard Materials. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40102-3.

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Davim, J. Paulo, ed. Machining of Hard Materials. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-450-0.

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Davim, J. Paulo. Machining of Hard Materials. London: Springer-Verlag London, 2011.

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Dahotre, Narendra, and Sameehan Joshi. Machining of Bone and Hard Tissues. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39158-8.

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Davim, J. Paulo. Surface integrity in machining. New York: Springer, 2009.

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Huber, Alois. Arbeitsfolgenplanung mehrstufiger Prozesse in der Hartbearbeitung. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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Mickelson, Dale. Guide to hard milling and high speed machining. New York: Industrial Press, 2007.

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Ciałkowska, Bożena. Cięcie struną zbrojoną materiałów trudnoobrabialnych. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej, 2008.

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Galit͡skiĭ, V. N. Almazno-abrazivnyĭ instrument na metallicheskikh svi͡azkakh dli͡a obrabotki tverdogo splava i stali. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1986.

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Uzuni͡an, M. D. Vysokoproizvoditelʹnoe shlifovanie bezvolʹframovykh tverdykh splavov. Moskva: "Mashinostroenie", 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hard machining"

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Ulutan, Durul, and Tuğrul Özel. "Hard Machining." In Modern Manufacturing Processes, 309–21. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119120384.ch13.

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Tönshoff, Hans Kurt, and Berend Denkena. "Hard Machining, Process Design." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 201–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33257-9_10.

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Tönshoff, Hans Kurt, and Berend Denkena. "Hard Machining, Component Quality." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 221–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33257-9_11.

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Patel G. C., Manjunath, Ganesh R. Chate, Mahesh B. Parappagoudar, and Kapil Gupta. "Introduction to Hard Materials and Machining Methods." In Machining of Hard Materials, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40102-3_1.

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Patel G. C., Manjunath, Ganesh R. Chate, Mahesh B. Parappagoudar, and Kapil Gupta. "Studies on Machining of Hard Materials." In Machining of Hard Materials, 25–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40102-3_2.

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Patel G. C., Manjunath, Ganesh R. Chate, Mahesh B. Parappagoudar, and Kapil Gupta. "Experimentation, Modelling, and Analysis of Machining of Hard Material." In Machining of Hard Materials, 53–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40102-3_3.

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Patel G. C., Manjunath, Ganesh R. Chate, Mahesh B. Parappagoudar, and Kapil Gupta. "Intelligent Modelling of Hard Materials Machining." In Machining of Hard Materials, 73–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40102-3_4.

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Patel G. C., Manjunath, Ganesh R. Chate, Mahesh B. Parappagoudar, and Kapil Gupta. "Optimization of Machining of Hard Material." In Machining of Hard Materials, 103–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40102-3_5.

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Astakhov, Viktor P. "Machining of Hard Materials – Definitions and Industrial Applications." In Machining of Hard Materials, 1–32. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-450-0_1.

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López de Lacalle, L. Norberto, A. Lamikiz, J. Fernández de Larrinoa, and I. Azkona. "Advanced Cutting Tools." In Machining of Hard Materials, 33–86. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-450-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hard machining"

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Umbrello, D., S. Caruso, S. Di Renzo, A. D. Jayal, O. W. Dillon, and I. S. Jawahir. "Dry vs. Cryogenic Orthogonal Hard Machining: an Experimental Investigation." In THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING: ESAFORM 2011. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3589585.

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Umbrello, D., S. Caruso, S. Yang, F. Crea, O. W. Dillon, and I. S. Jawahir. "The Effect of Cryogenic Cooling on White Layer Formation in Hard Machining." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65208.

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Microstructural phase transformations, commonly named as the white layer on hard turned components, have in recent times become an interesting research topic in machining. Three main theories have been proposed to justify the mechanisms of white layer formation: (i) rapid heating and quenching; (ii) severe plastic deformation; (iii) surface reaction with the environment. Furthermore, coolant application also affects the surface microstructural alterations resulting from machining operations, which have a significant influence on product performance and life. The present work aims at understanding the effects of cryogenic coolant application on machined surface alterations during orthogonal machining of hardened AISI 52100 bearing steel. Experiments were performed under dry and cryogenic cooling conditions using cubic boron nitride (CBN) tool inserts with varying initial hardness and tool shape. Several experimental techniques were used in order to analyze the machined surface. In particular, optical and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) were used for characterizing the surface topography, whereas the microstructural phase composition analysis and chemical characterization have been performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The experimental results prove that the microstructural phase changes are partially reduced or can be totally avoided under certain cryogenic cooling conditions. Therefore, cryogenic cooling has the potential to be used for achieving enhanced surface integrity, thus contributing to improved product life and functional performance.
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Chou, Y. Kevin, and Hui Song. "Thermal Modeling for Finish Hard Turning Using a New Tool." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41765.

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This study develops an analytical thermal model for temperature predictions in finish hard turning by a new tool. Tool life in finish hard turning is limited by part surface quality, e.g., white layer formations (microstructural alterations). Thermal damage due to temperature rise at machined surfaces is the primary source of such surface degradation. Thus, a thermal model capable of machined surface temperature predictions will enable part surface damage assessment as well as thermal management strategy for process optimization. A mechanistic model that accounts for nonuniform uncut chip thickness across the cutting edge is employed to estimate three-component machining forces. Machining forces and cutting characteristics, i.e., shear angle and chip-tool contact, approximate the heat intensity and geometry of shear plane and rake face heat sources. Due to tool nose radius, the two heat sources are three dimensional in nature and are further discretized into small segments, each treated as an individual rectangular heat source. Individual small heat-source segments are then used to study temperature rise in machining, using modified moving oblique heat source (shear plane) and modified moving and stationary heat sources (rake face) developed by Komanduri and Hou [1,2]. Temperature rise due to all small heat-source segments is superimposed, with proper coordinate transformation, to obtain final temperature distributions due to overall heat sources. The thermal model can be applied to study machining parameter effects on machining temperatures. It is indicated that maximum machined-surface temperatures are adversely affected by increasing feed rate and cutting speed, but favorably by increasing depth of cut. Tool rake face temperatures increase with cutting speed and feed rate as well. However, rake face temperatures decrease with increased depth of cut at high feed rates, but, reversely at low feed. The model has also been tested to evaluate white layer formations in finish hard turning. Tool nose radius effects have been analyzed and the results show that the smaller the tool nose radius, the deeper the white layer under identical machining conditions. Experimental results show good agreement with analytical predictions.
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Buyukhatipoglu, Kivilcim, Ismail Lazoglu, Hubert Kratz, and Fritz Klocke. "Mechanics and Dynamics of Hard Turning Process." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61067.

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In precision machining, due to the recent developments on the cutting tools, machine tool structural rigidity and improved CNC controllers, hard turning is an emerging process as an alternative to some of the grinding processes by providing reductions in costs and cycle-times. In industrial environments, hard turning is established for geometry features of parts with low to medium requirements on part quality. Better and deeper understanding of cutting forces, stresses and temperature fields, temperature gradients created during the machining are very critical for achieving highest quality products and high productivity in feasible cycle times. In order to enlarge the capability profile of the hard turning process, this paper introduces to prediction models of mechanical and thermal loads during turning of 51CrV4 with hardness of 68 HRC by CBN tool. The shear flow stress, shear and friction angles are determined from the orthogonal cutting tests. Cutting force coefficients are determined from orthogonal to oblique transformations. Cutting forces and surface profiles are predicted and compared with experimental measurements.
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Sundaram, Murali M., Sreenidhi Cherku, and K. P. Rajurkar. "Micro Ultrasonic Machining Using Oil Based Abrasive Slurry." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72138.

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Advanced engineering materials posses excellent properties such as high wear resistance, and inertness to corrosion and chemical reactions. Since these materials are usually hard, brittle, chemically inert, and electrically nonconductive, they pose serious machinability challenges. Micro ultrasonic machining (Micro USM) is an emerging method for the micromachining of hard and brittle materials without any thermal damage. This paper presents the results of micro ultrasonic machining using oil based abrasive slurry. Details of the in-house built experimental setup used to conduct the experiments are explained. The influence of process parameters such as slurry medium, slurry concentration, and abrasive particle size on the performance of micro USM are reported. It was noticed that the evidence of three body material removal mechanism is predominant for micro USM using oil based slurry. In general, the material removal rate increases with the increase in the abrasive particle size for both aqueous abrasive slurry and oil based abrasive slurry. Further, material removal rate is consistently higher for experiments conducted with aqueous abrasive slurry medium. On the other hand, it is noticed that the oil based slurry medium provides better surface finish. It is also noticed that the smaller abrasive grains provide better surface finish for both aqueous, and oil based abrasive slurry mediums. Role of slurry concentration is ambiguous, as no clear trend of its effect of on process performance is evident in the available experimental results.
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Sudhir, Prathik Jain, Ravindra Holalu Venkatadas, and Ugrasen Gonchikar. "Machining Characteristics Estimation in WEDM Process While Machining Titanium Grade-2 Material Using ANN." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23347.

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Abstract Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) provides an effective solution for machining hard materials with intricate shapes. WEDM is a specialized thermal machining process is capable to accurately machining parts of hard materials with complex shapes. However, selection of process parameters for obtaining higher machining efficiency or accuracy in wire EDM is still not fully solved, even with the most up-to-date CNC WED machine. The study presents the machining of Titanium grade 2 material using L’16 Orthogonal Array (OA). The process parameters considered for the present work are pulse on time, pulse off time, current, bed speed, voltage and flush rate. Among these process parameters voltage and flush rate were kept constant and the other four parameters were varied for the machining. Molybdenum wire of 0.18mm is used as the electrode material. Titanium is used in engine applications such as rotors, compressor blades, hydraulic system components and nacelles. Its application can also be found in critical jet engine rotating and airframes components in aircraft industries. Firstly optimization of the process parameters was done to know the effect of most influencing parameters on machining characteristics viz., Surface Roughness (SR) and Electrode Wear (EW). Then the simpler functional relationship plots were established between the parameters to know the possible information about the SR and EW. This simpler method of analysis does not provide the information on the status of the material and electrode. Hence more sophisticated method of analysis was used viz., Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the estimation of the experimental values. SR and EW parameters prediction was carried out successfully for 50%, 60% and 70% of the training set for titanium material using ANN. Among the selected percentage data, at 70% training set showed remarkable similarities with the measured value then at 50% and 60%.
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7

Biradar, Shantisagar, Geeta Lathkar, and S. K. Basu. "Surface Finish in Hard Machining by PVD-Coated End-Mills Using Solid Lubricant." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72456.

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The paper deals with machining of High C–High Cr die steel with Ti N, TiAlN Coated end mill cutter, using solid lubricant and obtaining a generalised relationship of surface roughness dependent on input parameters, based on response surface methodology. The hardness ratio of the tool and the workpiece, as one of the important parameters, having significant influence under near-dry machining condition, was studied under minimum quantity of oil using solid-lubricant (MOS2) mixed with base oil SAE-20 in different proportion.
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Zetková, I., and M. Zetek. "Using cermet inserts in HSC technology when machining hard-to-machine tool steel." In CONTACT AND SURFACE 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/secm150081.

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9

Cui, Ying, Jian Hua Chen, Li Peng Sun, and Yue Wang. "Study on electroplating technology of diamond tools for machining hard and brittle materials." In Eighth International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technology (AOMATT2016), edited by Wenhan Jiang, Li Yang, Oltmann Riemer, Shengyi Li, and Yongjian Wan. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2246281.

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10

Qin, Feng, Y. Kevin Chou, Dustin Nolen, and Raymond G. Thompson. "Diamond Coatings for Machining: Coating Thickness Effects." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84358.

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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown diamond films have found applications as a hard coating for cutting tools. Even though the use of conventional diamond coatings seems to be accepted in the cutting tool industry, selections of proper coating thickness for different machining operations have not been often studied. Coating thickness affects the characteristics of diamond coated cutting tools in different perspectives that may mutually impact the tool performance in machining in a complex way. In this study, coating thickness effects on the deposition residual stresses, particularly around a cutting edge, and on coating failure modes were numerically investigated. On the other hand, coating thickness effects on tool surface smoothness and cutting edge radii were experimentally investigated. In addition, machining Al matrix composites using diamond coated tools with varied coating thicknesses was conducted to evaluate the effects on cutting forces, part surface finish and tool wear. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Increasing coating thickness will increase the residual stresses at the coating-substrate interface. (2) On the other hand, increasing coating thickness will generally increase the resistance of coating cracking and delamination. (3) Thicker coatings will result in larger edge radii; however, the extent of the effect on cutting forces also depends upon the machining condition. (4) For the thickness range tested, the life of diamond coated tools increases with the coating thickness because of delay of delaminations.
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