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1

Watson, Ange (Andrea). "Pā Harakeke as a research model of practice." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 32, no. 3 (November 2, 2020): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol32iss3id767.

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INTRODUCTION: This article will present a research study with seven Māori social workers (kaimahi) when exploring tukia (collision) of their personal, professional and cultural worlds.METHOD: Kaupapa Māori underpinned this research, and pūrākau was utilised to connect the research to Māori worldviews; however, the framework was guided by Pā Harakeke. Pā Harakeke is often used as a metaphor for whānau and a model for protection of children,whānau structure and well-being. Pā Harakeke underpinned the structure of the research and this article will unfurl how it framed the methods and methodology. The harakeke sits well in this research as the focus is on the well-being of kaimahi Māori—caring for the carers, helping the helpers and healing the healers.FINDINGS AND OUTCOMES: An outcome from the Tukia research was that kaimahi shared words of wisdom (Ngā Kupu Taonga) outlining what assisted them to navigate their way through personal–professional collisions. These include self-care, use of appropriate supervision, organisational and cultural support mechanisms and growing from experiences. It is the hope that these taonga may help other kaimahi who experience Tukia in their mahi. These Ngā Kupu Taonga are presented in a Mauri Ora o te Pā Harakeke framework.
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2

Elder, Hinemoa. "He pūāwaitanga harakeke, he rito whakakīnga whāruarua: Gaps are filled by the flowering harakeke." Australasian Psychiatry 27, no. 4 (July 22, 2019): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219859483.

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3

Duchemin, Benoît, and Mark P. Staiger. "Treatment of Harakeke fiber for biocomposites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 112, no. 5 (June 5, 2009): 2710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.29863.

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4

Kirkwood, Tauke. "Rāranga - the art of weaving." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 27, no. 4 (November 8, 2017): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol27iss4id436.

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Raranga Harakeke (weaving with flax) is a sensory modulation tool used by the ‘Pupukemoana’ team, a child and adolescent mental health team based at Waitemata District Health Board in Tamaki Makaurau. It is an effective tool that uses western sensory concepts to self-regulate and make emotional adjustments by implementing a Māori cultural perspective using flax weaving. Prior to this project there were no Māori cultural constructs/tools offered to Māori whānau by the Child Youth Family Mental Health Services based at Waitemata District Health Board. Raranga Harakeke provide a range of Māori values and concepts, practices and principles that can be drawn on to work effectively within whānau dynamics to assist in healing and well-being.
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5

Le, Tan Minh, and Kim Louise Pickering. "The potential of harakeke fibre as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites including modelling of long harakeke fibre composite strength." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 76 (September 2015): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.05.005.

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Mohd Ghazali, Aruan Efendy, and Kim L. Pickering. "The effect of fibre surface treatment and coupling agents to improve the performance of natural fibres in PLA composites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 41, no. 10 (October 7, 2021): 842–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0120.

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Abstract This paper describes work carried out to assess the effect of fibre treatments and coupling agent on the mechanical performance of PLA composites reinforced with 20 wt% fibre. The chemically-treated harakeke and hemp fibres used to produce fibre mats. Maleic anhydride (MA) grafted PLA (MA-g-PLA) was used as a coupling agent. Composites with fibre treated with silane and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and composites using MA-g-PLA were characterised by swelling testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the interfacial bonding for composites with fibres treated using silane and peroxide and composites coupled with MA-g-PLA noticeably improved supported by lower swelling indices, higher tensile strengths and lower tan δ compared to those composites with fibres treated using alkali only, with the highest tensile strength of about 11% higher obtained from composites treated with MA-g-PLA followed by silane and then peroxide. However, using silane, peroxide and MA-g-PLA as additional composite treatments increased significantly the composite failure strain by up 11, 19 and 30%, respectively for harakeke composites and by 13, 24 and 30%, respectively for hemp composites.
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7

Segetin, Michael, Krishnan Jayaraman, and Xun Xu. "Harakeke reinforcement of soil–cement building materials: Manufacturability and properties." Building and Environment 42, no. 8 (August 2007): 3066–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.07.033.

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8

Samanali, G. A. P., I. Paasi, B. J. Lowe, C. A. Smith, S. J. Fraser-Miller, and K. C. Gordon. "Understanding consolidants on harakeke fibres using Raman microscopy: Implications for conservation." Journal of Cultural Heritage 45 (September 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.03.005.

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9

Metge, Joan. "Weaving Cloaks and Whakataukī: A Memoir." Journal of the Polynesian Society 131, no. 1 (March 2022): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15286/jps.131.1.7-32.

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Beginning with holiday work in the ethnology workroom at Auckland War Memorial Museum, the author, a social anthropologist, traces the development of her lifelong interest and involvement in the Māori art of weaving harakeke ‘Māori flax’ (Phormium tenax). Special attention is given to the weaving of whatu ‘ceremonial cloaks’ and the weaving of words and metaphors in whakataukī ‘proverbs and sayings’, poetry and storytelling. In the process she shares treasured memories of learning, from and with Māori friends and mentors expert in these arts, and emphasises the continual interweaving of contemporary transformations with inherited traditions in response to changing times.
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10

Aruan Efendy, M. G., and K. L. Pickering. "Comparison of harakeke with hemp fibre as a potential reinforcement in composites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 67 (December 2014): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.08.023.

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11

Jayaraman, Krishnan, and Rex Halliwell. "Harakeke (phormium tenax) fibre–waste plastics blend composites processed by screwless extrusion." Composites Part B: Engineering 40, no. 7 (October 2009): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.04.010.

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12

Wehi, Priscilla M., and Bruce D. Clarkson. "Biological flora of New Zealand 10.Phormium tenax, harakeke, New Zealand flax." New Zealand Journal of Botany 45, no. 4 (December 2007): 521–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288250709509737.

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13

Lowe, Bronwyn J., Debra J. Carr, Rua E. McCallum, Tom Myers, Roka Ngarimu-Cameron, and Brian E. Niven. "Understanding the variability of vegetable fibres: a case study of harakeke (Phormium tenax)." Textile Research Journal 80, no. 20 (August 20, 2010): 2158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517510373635.

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14

Fitzmaurice-Brown, Luke. "Te Rito o Te Harakeke: Decolonising Child Protection Law in Aotearoa New Zealand." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 53, no. 4 (January 31, 2023): 507–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v53i4.8089.

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It is now firmly established that the overrepresentation of tamariki Māori within the Aotearoa New Zealand child protection system is largely a consequence of colonisation. However, at least as far as the Crown is concerned, the contention that decolonisation is a necessary step in reversing those trends remains a more controversial issue. Drawing on my doctoral research into this topic, this article argues that the child protection system must be decolonised, and that efforts towards reform which do not prioritise decolonisation are likely to perpetuate long-standing harms. The article has four goals. First, I examine why decolonisation provides the best framework through which to enact child protection system reform. Secondly, I identify three overarching themes within the current legal framework, but argue that the presence of these themes does not mean they are all given equal weight. Thirdly, I outline a theory of reform I have termed "kaupapa Māori legal theory", which seeks to enable legislative change based on tikanga Māori in a way which pays heed to the risks of doing so from a Māori perspective. Finally, I apply that theory to child protection law, identifying six tikanga principles which could provide the basis of a decolonised system: mana, rangatiratanga, wānanga, whānau, whakapapa and whanaungatanga.
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15

Eruera, Moana. "He kōrari, he kete, he kōrero." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 24, no. 3-4 (July 8, 2016): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol24iss3-4id103.

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Weaving together traditional Māori knowledge from the past with our current practice realities of the present as a guide for the provision of tangata whenua supervision for the future. Körari as it is known in Te Tai Tokerau, commonly called flax or harakeke, is an important natural resource our tūpuna used for a range of purposes. Kōrari contains healing qualities and one of its practical uses both traditionally and today is weaving, and in particular weaving kete. Kete are symbolic in our whakapapa stories about the pursuit and application of knowledge and the tikanga used for weaving contain important stories, principles and practices that can guide us in our mahi and our lives.
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16

Cruthers, Natasha M., Debra J. Carr, Raechel M. Laing, and Brian E. Niven. "Structural Differences among Fibers from Six Cultivars of Harakeke (Phormium tenax, New Zealand flax)." Textile Research Journal 76, no. 8 (August 2006): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517506065603.

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17

Newman, Roger H., Armin Thumm, E. C. Clauss, and M. J. L. Guen. "Improving Hygrothermal Performance in Epoxy-Biofibre Composites." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.287.

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Confocal microscopy and water diffusivity measurements were used to characterise the development of defects in biofibre-reinforced composite materials. Biofibres swelled more than the matrix when the specimen was immersed in water, but the associated distortion of the matrix rarely caused defects. The biofibres shrank faster than the matrix when the specimen was dried in air, causing debonding at the fibre-matrix interfaces and microcracks within the fibres. We started with coarse technical fibres from the leaves of harakeke (Phormium tenax), treated a portion with 1% NaOH, and pulped a portion at 170 °C. Water diffusivities for the corresponding composites increased over the first 3 wet-dry cycles, particularly for the composite made with untreated fibre, but were too small to be of concern for the composite made from pulped fibre.
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18

Johnston, Peter R., and Duckchul Park. "New species of Marthamyces and Ramomarthamyces gen. nov. from New Zealand and the Cook Islands." Mycotaxon 134, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 489–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/134.489.

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A leaf-spotting fungus common on Phormium tenax in New Zealand is described here as Marthamyces harakeke sp. nov. The phylogenetic analysis prepared for the description of this new species showed Marthamyces to be polyphyletic. To resolve this, three Marthamyces species from Australia and New Zealand, M. barbatus, M. dracophylli, and M. gilvus, are recombined in the new genus Ramomarthamyces. Morphologically the Ramomarthamyces species differ from Marthamyces in having paraphyses distinctly branched, rather than propoloid. A fungus common on recently fallen leaves of Metrosideros spp. in New Zealand has been previously referred to as Marthamyces emarginatus, but is recognised here as a new species, Marthamyces metrosideri. In addition, two new Marthamyces species, M. maccormackii on Metrosideros collina, and M. renga on Metrosideros collina, Vaccinium cereum, and Weinmannia samoensis, are described from the Cook Islands, and a new Ramomarthamyces species, R. tuku on Juncus sp., is described from New Zealand. Finally, Naemacyclus culmigenus is recombined in Marthamyces .
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19

Siddiqui, Humair A., Kim L. Pickering, and Michael R. Mucalo. "Study of biomorphic calcium deficient hydroxyapatite fibres derived from a natural Harakeke (Phormium tenax) leaf fibre template." Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 16, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 016015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/abbc64.

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20

Ehau-Taumaunu, H., S. D. G. Marshall, C. M. Ferguson, M. Mark-Shadbolt, R. M. MacDiarmid, and M. O'Callaghan. "A sweet potato story the likelihood of porina feeding on kumara." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5932.

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The caterpillar stage of the endemic Wiseana spp complex commonly known as porina are foliage feeders Research indicates that porina will feed on harakeke (Phormium tenax) red tussock (Chionochloa rubra) and hard tussock (Festuca novae zealandiae) In 1952 Miller reported that porina were abundant in kumara plantations and caused damage to the plants The accuracy of this observation is uncertain due to taxonomic changes and the ambiguous nature of Millers identification Feeding bioassays were undertaken to determine if porina caterpillars would feed on the leaves stems or tuber of the Owairaka kumara plant (Ipomoea batatas) using white clover foliage (Trifolium repens) as a control Over a 6week Porina provided with tuber had a weight increase of >01 g within the first two weeks which was a 122 gain (compared to clover) The leaves and stems supported less weight gain over the two week period (92 and 85 compared to clover respectively) These results suggest that porina can feed on kumara plants but further field testing will be required to support this claim
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21

Beg, M. D. H., K. L. Pickering, and C. Gauss. "The effects of alkaline digestion, bleaching and ultrasonication treatment of fibre on 3D printed harakeke fibre reinforced polylactic acid composites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 166 (March 2023): 107384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107384.

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22

Scheele, Sue. "Safeguarding seeds and Maori intellectual property through partnership." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2015.4628.

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The Nagoya Protocol is a recent binding international instrument that articulates the need to recognise the rights of indigenous peoples regarding their biological resources and cultural knowledge and strengthens the mechanisms to do so. New Zealand has not signed this protocol because of the overriding importance of the Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand’s domestic affairs, and the need to ensure that government options are not limited concerning the development of domestic policy on access to biological resources. In particular, policy makers and legislators are waiting for the government response to a 2011 Waitangi Tribunal report (Ko Aotearoa Tēnei) on a far-reaching and complex claim (WAI 262) concerning the place of Māori traditional knowledge, culture and identity in contemporary New Zealand law and government policies and practice. Especially pertinent to this paper is the report’s section on Māori rights relating to biological and genetic resources. In accordance with the recommendation within Ko Aotearoa Tēnei, the principle of partnership, built on the explicit Treaty premise of Crown and Māori as formal equals, is presented here as the overarching framework and mechanism by which government agencies and Māori can work together to safeguard such resources. Core concepts and values are elucidated that underpin the Māori relationship to indigenous flora and fauna and are integral to the protection of cultural knowledge of seeds and plants. Examples are given of plant species regarded as taonga (treasures) and how they are conserved, and a case study is presented of institutional stewardship of harakeke (New Zealand flax) weaving varieties. Seed bank facilities are also evaluated regarding their incorporation of Māori values and rights under the Treaty of Waitangi.
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23

Pickering, K. L., and M. G. Aruan Efendy. "Preparation and mechanical properties of novel bio-composite made of dynamically sheet formed discontinuous harakeke and hemp fibre mat reinforced PLA composites for structural applications." Industrial Crops and Products 84 (June 2016): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.02.005.

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24

Akindoyo, John O., Kim Pickering, Mohammad Dalour Beg, and Michael Mucalo. "Combined digestion and bleaching of New Zealand flax /harakeke fibre and its effects on the mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(lactic) acid matrix composites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 164 (January 2023): 107326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107326.

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25

Pohatu, Pia, and Tui Aroha Warmenhoven. "Set the Overgrowth Alight and the New Shoots Will Spring Forth: New Directions in Community Based Research." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 3, no. 2 (August 2007): 108–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/117718010700300208.

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Kia tupu whakaritorito te tupu o te harakeke Set the overgrown bush alight and the new flax shoots will spring up A literal translation of this proverb illustrates the task of custodianship exercised by traditional weavers thus ensuring the sustainability of fax, arguably the most precious plant to the early Māori. One of the conditions required to ensure both continuity and quality of the resource is that the overgrowth be set alight. The practice of burning and clearing to assist new life is imperative to the durability of the plant and quality of the fibre. Metaphorically, the saying means clear off the old and bad that the new and good may grow vigorously. Proverbially, the process can also symbolize the regeneration, renewal, and development of the line of human descent and of the kin based corporate structures (Walker, 1996) of whānau, hapū and iwi. For Māori, the fax plant supplies medicine but more importantly, the woven product provided material for basic needs of shelter, clothing, hunting and gathering equipment, lashings and cord. Art forms such as decorated tukutuku interior design panels and whariki large woven mats of intricate design. Prized traditional cloaks are created from muka – a soft fibre produced from scraping the leaves of fax. The flax bush represents our continuity as a people sustained by episodes of renewal, upheaval and transformation (Walker, 1996). The introduction of fire generates two important processes: reduction of the inhibiting overgrowth poor quality for weaving and; nourishment of the plant enabling regeneration and development of new shoots. Setting alight the exterior of the bush is likened to the purging of Eurocentrism and its pervading ideologies and systems that mainly serve to keep indigenous peoples from flourishing. The fire is indigenous research, the overgrowth is patriarchal post colonial systems, nutrients in the ash are the resilient enriching knowledge customs and practices of indigenous peoples and the new shoots represent the coalition of newly developed and practiced western models that are harmonious with indigenous paradigms, knowledge and practices. The following discourse outlines priorities, challenges, new directions and notions of excellence through the narrative of two insider community researchers.
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Sweeney, Deborah. "Gender and Conversational Tactics in the Contendings of Horus and Seth." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 88, no. 1 (December 2002): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751330208800110.

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This article analyses the correlation of conversational tactics and gender in The Contendings of Horus and Seth, focusing on the linguistic behaviour of the goddesses Isis and Neith, and the gods Pre-Harakhte, Seth, and Osiris. During the litigation over the kingship of Egypt, certain male deities, such as Seth and Pre-Harakhte, attempt to achieve their aims by threats and outbursts of rage, tactics seldom adopted by the goddesses in this particular text. Isis, by contrast, tends to assume a vulnerable position in relation to her interlocutors and to persuade them to cooperate with her by offering them attractive rewards. However, the issues of speech and power are subtle and complex, and a simple binary division based on gender cannot do justice to them. This text also represents goddesses acting assertively and forthrightly, such as Neith in her correspondence with the Ennead. Similarly, few male gods are shown emulating Seth's boorish behaviour, from which the whole divine assembly suffers.
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27

Hardies, Kris, and Diane Breesch. "Getting Women on Board: Some Reflections on Research on Board Gender Diversity." International Journal of Accounting 55, no. 01 (March 2020): 2050003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1094406020500031.

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Al-Shaer and Harakehn (2020) and Lopatta et al. (2020) study different aspects of the relationship between board gender diversity and corporate outcomes, respectively executive compensation and non-financial performance. In this discussion, we offer a broad overview of the main results of both studies, provide some points of discussion in relationship to these specific studies, and elaborate on a number of additional points that link the current studies to the broader literature on board gender diversity and gender research in accounting more generally. We conclude with some suggestions for future research.
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28

Kosmas, T. S., and J. D. Vergados. "The influence of the nuclear surface diffuseness on the transition charge densities." HNPS Proceedings 3 (December 5, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2377.

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Proton partial occupancies of the nuclear surface orbits are used in a modified shell model approach to study isoscalar dipole transition charge densities and form factors for self-conjugate nuclei. The energy-weighted sum-rules of Harakeh-Dieperink for both the transition form factor and transition charge density are modified so as fractional occupation probabilities of the states may be used. The partial occupancies of the surface n/j-levels are determined by fitting to the experimental inelastic scattering data and compared with those found previously in the study of nuclear ground state properties
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29

Carter, Philip D. "The Ongoing Training of a Psychodramatist." Ata: Journal of Psychotherapy Aotearoa New Zealand 19, no. 1 (September 18, 2015): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9791/ajpanz.2015.03.

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This paper is structured as a narrative so that the reader may not just have an understanding of the content but also an experience of it. The value of naivety, alertness, and readiness is highlighted. I describe core experiences that have shaped my identity and functioning as a psychodramatist. The narrative is one expression of what it is to have the ancestral bounty of both Māori and European lineages. It is a unique expression. There is no claim that any other person has to be like this. Whakarāpopotonga I tuhia paki waitarahia tēnei kia āta mau pai ai te ngako o te kaupapa i tua atu i te whai wheako whaiarohanga mai i te tuhinga. E whakatairangahia ana te matapoporo o te harakore te koi me te hikaka. Ka whakaahuatia atu ngā wheako whakatau nei i taku tuakiri me tēnei tūmomo mahi āku. Ko te pakiwaitara tētahi whakaatanga whiwhi whakapapa karangarua; Māori Pākehā. He whakapuakinga takitahi. Ehara tēnei i te whakapae me pēnei anō hoki ētahi atu tāngata.
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30

B. M. Esedov, N.N.Eldarova, N.E.Vahabov, B. M. Esedov, N. N. Eldarova, N. E. Vahabov. "SPOR VE DEVİANT DAVRANIŞ." Ambiance in Life International Scientific Journal in Medicine of Southern Caucasus 13, no. 08 (December 2, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/alisjmsc1308202119.

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Sapma (aykırı) davranış – her şeyden önce toplumdan uzaklaşma teşebbüsü, günlük hayati sorunlardan ve dertlerden kaçış, güvensizlik ve belirli dengeleyici formlardan geçerek gerilim halini aşmaktır. Fakat sapma davranış her zaman olumsuz özellik taşımaz. O şahsı yenilğiyi özendirmeyle, ileriye haraket etmeğe engel olucak tutuculuğu aşmak teşebbüsü ile ilişkili ola bilir. Sapma davranışı bilimsel, spor ve teknik sanatın çeşitli şekillerinden sayabiliriz. Deviant davranışın ne olduğunu tesbit etmek için önce mutlaka “toplumsal normlar” kavramını tanımlamak gerekir. Toplumsal normlar: yazılı emr, talep, dilek ve beklenilen uygun davranış (toplumca kabul gören) şeklidir. Belirli ideal örnek (model) normlar, insanların kesin durumlarda konuşmalı, düşünmeli, duymalı ve yapmalı olduğunu belirtiyor. Onlar boyutlarına göre farklılık taşıyor. Birinci tür: bu normlar yalnız küçük grublarda (genc grubları, dost grubları, aile, işçi grubları, spor takımlarında) oluşur ve mevcut olur. Onlar “grub alışkanlıkları” olarak adlanır. Örnek olarak 1927-1932 yıllarında ünlü Hotornskiy denemelerini gerçekleştiren Amerikan toplum bilimcisi E. Mayo normlar keşfetmiştir. Bu normlar yenilerle ilişkide üretim-askeri ekipler ve üstler için kabul edilmiştir: “Yakınlarınla” resmi davranmamak, Müdürlüğe, grub üyelerine zarar dokunduracak her hangi bir şey söylememek, Müdürlükle “yakınlarınla” olduğu gibi sık-sık görüşmemek, Kendi arkadaşlarından daha fazla ürün hazırlamamak. İkinci tür: bu normlar büyük grublarda veya bütün toplumda oluşur ve mevcut olur. Onlar “genel kurallar” adlanır. Bunlar adet, gelenek, töreler, kanunlar, teşrifatlar ve davranış tarzıdır. Her hangi toplumsal grubun kendine özgü davranış tarzı, gelenekleri ve teşrifatları bulunur. Sosyetik etik davranışlar ve genclere özgü davranış biçimleri bulunur. Ulusal çapta gelenek ve töreler bulunur. Bütün sosyal normları, onları sert uygulamaya konma bakımından çeşitleye biliriz. Bu normlardan birinin ihlali yumşak cezayı (kınama, dışlama, kötü niyetli eleştiri) gerektirir. Diger normların ihlali sert yaptırımlar (hapis cezası, hatta ölüm cezası) gerektirir. Belirli normlara uymama derecesi tüm toplumlarda ve tüm grublarda mevcuttur. Saray etiketleri, diplomatik konuşma ve nikah törenlerinin ihlali sıkıntılı durum oluşturur ve insanı zor durumda bırakır. Ancak bunlar sert yaptırımlar gerektirmez.
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Bortignon, P. F. "A Review of: “Giant Resonances: Fundamental High-Frequency Modes of Nuclear Excitation, by M. N. Harakeh and A. van der Woude. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 200 1”." Nuclear Physics News 13, no. 3 (January 2003): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10506890308232705.

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Kula, Sedat. "Assesment of public policies regarding the Turkish juvenile justice system and inferences for functional systemTürk çocuk ceza adalet sistemi kamu politikalarının değerlendirilmesi ve işlevsel bir sisteme ilişkin çıkarımlar." International Journal of Human Sciences 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v12i2.3371.

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<p>Turkish juvenile justice system constitutes special and important place in justice system due to its focal point to the juvenile and juvenile rights. As it is in the world, the main purpose of the juvenile justice system in Turkey is not only to handle the judicial process, but also to get the juveniles out of the system at lower costs as possible and to make them continue their lives without having any problems. Besides the policies and implications carried out in the juvenile justice system in the name of struggling with juvenile delinquency, this study emphasizes the importance of crime prevention strategies out of the juvenile justice system. Within this frame, it is emphasized the necessity of all related institutions working together in a harmony after analyzing the Turkish juvenile justice system. Another important point that this study tries to emphasize is that policies in the scope of the juvenile justice system were not created based on the idea of preventing crime committing again, rather based on punishment, compensation, and public protection. Therefore, it is recommended to review the policies and to emphasize the necessity of functional and integrated juvenile justice system.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Odak noktasında çocuk ve çocuk haklarının olması sebebiyle Türk Çocuk Adalet Sistemi (TÇAS), adalet sisteminin çok özel ve önemli bir alanını oluşturmaktadır. Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de çocuk ceza adalet sisteminin temel amacı sadece çocuğun içinde bulunduğu adli durumla ilgili adil bir işlem tesis etmek değil aynı zamanda çocuğun bu zorlayıcı süreçten en az zararla çıkmasını sağlamak ve yetişkin bir birey olarak olabildiğince sorunsuz hayatlarına devam etmelerini sağlamaktır. Çocuk suçluluğu ile daha etkin mücadele edilmesi noktasında ceza adalet sistemi içerisindeki politika ve uygulamaların yanı sıra bu sistemin dışında ki suç önleme stratejilerinin de mutlaka ele alınması gerektiğinden haraketle bu çalışmada Türk çocuk ceza adalet sistemi üzerinde kapsamlı bir analiz yapılarak Türk çocuk adalet sisteminde yer alan tüm kurum ve kuruluşların uyum ve eşgüdümlü şekilde çalışması gerektiği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Üzerinde durulan diğer önemli bir husus ta çocuk ceza adalet sistemi içerisinde üretilen politikaların suçun tekrarının önlenmesine yönelik esaslı bir düşünce tarzından ziyade genelde cezalandırma, geleneksel caydırıcılık, etkisiz hale getirme, iyileştirme, kamunun korunması ve zararın tazmini temeline dayanmakta olduğu tezinden hareketle bu konudaki politikaların gözden geçirilerek işlevsel ve bütüncül bir sistemin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktır.</p>
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Shepitko, T. V., and G. I. Nak. "SYSTEM ENGINEERING APPROACH TO OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY OF A RAILWAY." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-1-3.

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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The authors justify the use of system engineering approach to evaluation and tasks of improvement of railway line operational reliability. Particular emphasis is placed on interdependence of infrastructure capacity and overall operational readiness of the system «railway» in terms of compliance with criteria adopted in the theory of reliability. An own interpretation of the concept of «operational safety» and factors of maintenance of track in working order is given, as well as regularity in local situations, preventive and remedial actions are suggested. Keywords: railway, infrastructure, operational reliability, track maintenance, transit capacity, system engineering, reliability theory. REFERENCES 1.System engineering of construction: Encyclopedic Dictionary [Sistemotehnika stroitel’stva: Enciklopedicheskij slovar’].Ed.by A. A.Gusakov.Moscow, Novoe tysjacheletie publ., 1999, 432 p. 2.Gusakov, A. A.System engineering of construction [Sistemotehnika stroitel’stva].Moscow, Stroyizdat publ., 1993, 366 p. 3.Zavadskas, E-K.K.System engineering assessment of technological solutions of building production [Sistemotehnicheskaja ocenka tehnologicheskih reshenij stroitel’nogo proizvodstva].Leningrad, Stroyizdat publ., 1991, 256 p. 4.Shepitko, T.V., Morozov, D. V.Using network modeling to determine reliability of decisions.«Science Week 2002» [Ispol’zovanie setevogo modelirovanija dlja opredelenija nadezhnosti prinimaemyh reshenij. «Nedelja nauki 2002»].Moscow, MIIT publ., 2002. 5.Shepitko, T.V., Morozov, D. V.On system engineering nature of reliability problem of organizational and technological solution [O sistemotehnicheskom haraktere problemy nadezhnosti organizacionno-tehnologicheskogo reshenija].Traffic safety: proceedings of the fourth scientific and practical conference.Moscow, MIIT publ., 2003, pp.III-33. 6.Berg, A. I.Cybernetics and reliability [Kibernetika i nadezhnost’].Moscow, Znanie publ., 1964, 96 p. 7.Reliability of technical systems: Reference book [Nadezhnost’ tehnicheskih sistem: Spravochnik].Yu.K.Belyaev, V. A.Bogatyrev, V. V.Bolotin, et al; ed.by I. A.Ushakov.Moscow, Radio i svjaz’ publ., 1985, 608 p. 8.Benson, D., Whitehead, G.Transport and distribution [Transport i dostavka gruzov: Transl. from English].Moscow, Transport publ., 1990, 279 p. 9.Newell, M.Project Management [Upravlenie proektami. Transl. from English].Moscow, Kudic-Obraz, 2006, 416 p. 10.Littlefield, T.K., Randolph, P. H.An Answer to Sasieni’s Question on Pert Times.Management Science, Vol.33, No.10, 1987, pp.1357-1359. 11.Chertvertnova, V. V.System analysis of operational reliability of extended transport objects [Sistemnyj analiz ekspluatacionnoj nadezhnosti protjazhennyh transportnyh ob’ektov].Vestnik Tambovskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta, 2007, Iss.2, pp.419-424. 12.GOST 32192-2013.Reliability in railway engineering.Basic concepts.Terms and definitions [GOST 32192-2013. Nadezhnost’ v zheleznodorozhnoj tehnike. Osnovnye ponjatija. Terminy i opredelenija]. 13.GOST 27.004-85.Reliability in engineering: technological systems, terms and definitions [GOST 27.004-85. Nadezhnost’ v tehnike: sistemy tehnologicheskie, terminy i opredelenija]. 14.GOST 27.003-90.Reliability in engineering.Composition and common rules on reliability requirements [GOST 27.003-90. Nadezhnost’ v tehnike. Sostav i obshhie pravila zadanija trebovanij po nadezhnosti]. 15.GOST 27.310-95.Reliability in engineering.Analysis of types, effects and criticality of failures.Main provisions [GOST 27.310-95. Nadezhnost’ v tehnike. Analiz vidov, posledstvij i kritichnosti otkazov. Osnovnye polozhenija]. 16.GOST 27.402-95.Reliability in engineering.Test plans to monitor the mean service hours to failure [GOST 27.402-95. Nadezhnost’ v tehnike. Plany ispytanij dlja kontrolja srednej narabotki do otkaza (na otkaz)]. 17.Spiridonov, E.S., Shepitko, T. V.Railway construction management - methods, principles, efficiency: textbook [Upravlenie zheleznodorozhnym stroitel’stvom - metody, principy, effektivnost’: Uchebnik].Moscow, TMC for education on railway transport, 2008, 597 p. 18.Kubrak, A. A.Operational reliability of passenger stations.World of Transport and Transportation, Vol.12, 2014, Iss.4, pp.60-65.
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Дьячковский, Федор Николаевич, Надежда Ивановна Данилова, and Алена Робертовна Тазранова. "MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATION IN YAKUT AND ALTAI IN COMPARISON TO BURYAT (ILLUSTRATED BY ANIMAL BODY PARTS VOCABULARY)." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 3(37) (December 30, 2022): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2022-3-31-41.

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Целью исследования являлся анализ аффиксального способа словообразования якутского, алтайского языков на материале лексики частей тела животных. Для сопоставления и выявления общего и отличительного в аффиксальном словообразовании в анализируемых языках привлекался бурятский материал. Материалом анализа послужили данные словарей разной типологии и сравнительно-исторических исследований в целом по алтайским, а также по тюркским и монгольским языкам. Сопоставительный анализ выполнен на основе сравнительно-исторических исследований по тюркским языкам, опорой послужила «Сравнительно-историческая грамматика тюркских языков. Лексика» (2001). Использованы описательный, сравнительный, сравнительно-исторический методы исследования, метод сплошной выборки, а также приемы словообразовательного анализа и синтеза, систематизации, классификации. Проведенный аффиксальный способ словообразования дал возможность выявить общее и отличительное в словообразовательной системе тюркских и монгольских языков, относящихся к разным классификационным группам алтайской семьи языков, находящихся в контактной зоне сибирского ареала. Установлено, что аффиксальный способ словообразования в сравниваемых языках является продуктивным для пополнения лексикона частей тела животных, некоторые из якутских аффиксов являются заимствованиями из монгольских языков и представляют общее достояние якутского и бурятского языков. В результате изучения собранного материала авторы приходят к выводу о необходимости сравнительного исследования вторичных номинаций лексики частей тела животных в якутском, алтайском и бурятском языках: выявление древнейших продуктивных словообразовательных способов способствует установлению внутренних форм производных слов и выявлению первичных корневых морфем, что представляет собой первостепенную задачу сравнительно-исторического исследования якутского языка. Antonov N. K. Materialy po istoricheskoj leksike jakutskogo jazyka [Materials on the historical vocabulary of the Yakut language]. Jakutsk: Jakutskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1971. 174 p. (in Russian). Almadakova N. D. Grammaticheskaja kategorija zaloga v altajskom jazyke [Grammatical category of the pledge in the Altai language]. Gorno-Altajsk, 2005. 118 p. (in Russian). Betlingk O. N. O jazyke jakutov [About the Yakut language] // Per. s nem. V. I. Rassadina. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1990. 644 p. (in Russian). Budazhanova L. B. K probleme slozhnosostavnyh slov v burjatskom jazyke (na materiale buddijskoj leksiki) [On the problem of compound words in the Buryat language (based on the material of Buddhist vocabulary)] // Vestnik Burjatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta: Jazyk. Literatura. Kul'tura. 2018. Vyp. 2. P. 3–9. (in Russian). GSAJa – Grammatika sovremennogo altajskogo jazyka. Morfologija [Grammar of the modern Altai language. Morphology]. Gorno-Altajsk, 2017. 576 p. (in Russian). GBJa – Grammatika burjatskogo jazyka. Fonetika i morfologija [Grammar of the Buryat language. Phonetics and morphology]. M.: Izd-vo Vostochnoj literatury, 1962. 340 p. (in Russian). GSJaLJa – Grammatika sovremennogo jakutskogo literaturnogo jazyka. Fonetika i morfologija [Grammar of the modern Yakut literary language. Phonetics and morphology]. M.: Nauka, 1982. 496 p. (in Russian). Dondukov U.-Zh. Sh. Slovoobrazovanie mongol'skih jazykov [Word formation of the Mongolian languages]. Ulan-Udje, 1993. 230 p. (in Russian). Dybo A. V. Semanticheskaja rekonstrukcija v altajskoj jetimologii. Somaticheskie terminy (plechevoj sustav) [Semantic reconstruction in Altaic etymology. Somatic terms (shoulder joint)]. M., 1996. 386 p. Dyrheeva G. A., Haranutova D. Sh., Bardamova E. A. Parnye slova i parnoe slovoobrazovanie v burjatskom jazyke [Paired words and paired word formation in the Buryat language]. Ulan-Udje: Izd-vo Burjatskogo gosuniversiteta, 2014. 208 p. (in Russian). Ivanov S. A. Leksicheskie osobennosti govorov jakutskogo jazyka [Lexical features of the dialects of the Yakut language]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2017. 392 p. (in Russian). Ivanov S. A. Obrazovanie dialektnoj sistemy jakutskogo jazyka [Formation of the dialect system of the Yakut language]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2021. 256 p. (in Russian). Ivanova I. B. Affiksal'noe imennoe slovoobrazovanie v sovremennom jakutskom jazyke (na materiale otglagol'nyh imen sushhestvitel'nyh) [Affixal nominal word formation in the modern Yakut language (based on the material of verbal nouns)]. Avtoref…kand. diss. Jakutsk, 2011. 22 p. (in Russian). Kaluzhinskij Ct. Jetimologicheskie issledovanija po jakutskomu jazyku. Dvuslozhnye osnovy [Etymological research on the Yakut language. Two – syllable basics]. (II) // Rocznik orientalistyczny. 1978. T. XL. Z. 1. P. 71–82. (in Russian). Kolesnikova A. V. K harakteristike chastej tela cheloveka v tunguso-man'chzhurskih jazykah [On the characterization of human body parts in the Tungusic-Manchu languages] // Ocherki sravnitel'noj leksikologii altajskih jazykov. – Leningrad: Nauka, 1972. P. 257–336. (in Russian). Kolesnikova A. V. Affiksal'noe glagoloobrazovanie v altajskom jazyke v sopostavlenii s drevnetjurkskim jazykom [Affixal verb formation in the Altai language in comparison with the ancient Turkic language]. Avtoref… na soiskanie diss. dokt. filol. n. Novosibirsk, 2004. (in Russian). Musaev K. M. Leksikologija tjurkskih jazykov [Lexicology of the Turkic languages]. M.: Nauka, 1984. 226 p. (in Russian). Okoneshnikov E. I. Lingvisticheskie aspekty terminologii jakutskogo jazyka [Linguistic aspects of the terminology of the Yakut language]. Avtoref. dokt…diss. Jakutsk, 2005. 52 p. (in Russian) Orlovskaja M. N. Imena sushhestvitel'nye i prilagatel'nye v sovremennom mongol'skom jazyke [Nouns and adjectives in modern Mongolian]. M.: Izd-vo Vostochnoj literatury, 1961. 114 p. (in Russian). Rassadin V. I. Ocherki po morfologii i slovoobrazovaniju mongol'skih jazykov [Essays on the morphology and word formation of the Mongolian languages]. Jelista, 2008. 232 p. (in Russian). SIGTJa 1988 – Sravnitel'no-istoricheskaja grammatika tjurkskih jazykov: Morfologija [Comparative historical Grammar of the Turkic languages: Morphology]. M.: «Nauka», 1988. 560 p. (in Russian). SIGTJa 2001 – Sravnitel'no-istoricheskaja grammatika tjurkskih jazykov: Leksika [Comparative historical Grammar of the Turkic languages: Vocabulary]. M.: «Nauka», 2001. 822 p. (in Russian). Tarakanova I. M. Slovoobrazovanie imen sushhestvitel'nyh v hakasskom jazyke (v sopostavitel'nom aspekte) [Word formation of nouns in the Khakass language (in a comparative aspect)]. Abakan: Hakasskoe knizh. izd-vo, 2008. 174 p. (in Russian). Tybykova A. T. Orfografija i punktuacija altajskogo jazyka [Spelling and punctuation of the Altai language]. Gorno-Altajsk, 1981. (in Russian). Haranutova D. Sh. Burjatskoe slovoobrazovanie: strukturno-semanticheskaja organizacija [Buryat word formation: structural and semantic organization]. Ulan-Udje: Izd-vo Burjatskogo gosuniversiteta, 2012. 269 p. (in Russian). Chajchina E. V. Leksiko-semanticheskoe vzaimootnoshenie komponentov parnyh slov v altajskom jazyke [Lexicosemantic relationship of the components of paired words in the Altai language] // Jazyki korennyh narodov Sibiri. Novosibirsk, 2004. Pp. 115–120. (in Russian). Shagdarov L. D., Shagdarova D. L. Slozhnoe slovo v burjatskom jazyke [A complex word in the Buryat language]. Ulan-Udje: Izd-vo Burjatskogo gosuniversiteta, 2015. 265 p. (in Russian). Shherbak A. M. O haraktere leksicheskih vzaimosvjazej tjurkskih, mongol'skih i tunguso-man'chzhurskih jazykov [On the nature of lexical interrelations of the Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic-Manchu languages] // Voprosy jazykoznanija, 1966, № 3. (in Russian). Shherbak A. M. Ocherki po sravnitel'noj morfologii tjurkskih jazykov (Imja) [Essays on the comparative morphology of the Turkic languages (Name)]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1977. 182 p. (in Russian). Cincius V. I. Zadachi sravnitel'noj leksikologii altajskih jazykov [Tasks of comparative lexicology of the Altai languages] // Ocherki sravnitel'noj leksikologii altajskih jazykov. Leningrad: Nauka, 1972. Pp. 3–14. (in Russian). Kaluzinsky St. Mongolische Elemente in der Jakutischen Sprache. Warszawa, 1961. www.buryat-lang.ru – Russko-burjatskij slovar'.
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Wu, Heng, Wenyu Yuan, Xiaowen Yuan, and Laifei Cheng. "Atmosphere-free Pyrolysis of Harakeke Fiber: A new Chamber-induced Activation Methodology for Porous Carbon Electrodes in Supercapacitors." Energy Storage Materials, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2022.05.046.

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Arlander, Annette. "“Revisiting the Rusty Ring – Ecofeminism Today?”." PARtake: The Journal of Performance as Research 3, no. 1 (April 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33011/partake.v3i1.473.

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This video essay is based on a revisit to the rusty ring on the cliffs of Harakka Island where the video work Year of the Ox – Walking in Circles and Day and Night of the Ox were performed during the year 2009 as part of a series of performances for camera called Animal Years (2002-2014). It focuses especially on the confrontation between the nesting seagulls and the human performer. Looking at the renewed interest in ecofeminism today, as well as Marie-Anne Casselot’s comparison of new materialism and ecofeminism, it returns to Val Plumwood’s thoughts on decolonizing our relationship to nature. The text is a transcript of the voice-over text, the spoken and recorded text added to the video https://vimeo.com/375148286
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Arlander, Annette. "Revisiting the Aspen Tree." Screenworks 13, no. 1 (January 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.37186/swrks/13.1/2.

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This video is the last one in a series of revisits to the sites of Animal Years, a series of twelve year-long performances for camera video recorded on Harakka Island in 2002-2014. During the four-year Academy of Finland funded research project How to Do Things with Performance (2016-2020) one of my tasks has been to return to that series in order to explore how the material could be re-activated today. My strategy has been to revisit the sites, repeat parts of the performance, record a contemporary image of the same view and then insert the old multi-channel installation into that image in miniature. This method of revisiting, recreating and reflecting might be of use for other artists as well.
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Tekaharoa Potts, Romana. "Manu Tū Rangatira." Te Kaharoa 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/tekaharoa.v13i3.249.

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From this awesome world of being a Tangata Whenua and being enlightened in all aspects of Te Ao maarama from my Whaea, and many Rangatira I connected with I set forth on my journey into the world of light and discovered our Manu Rangatira. The kōrero being passed down to me flawless as the Kūkupa Harakore, about our Manu being the first to lay their foundation upon the whenua including their tikanga. Being created by Tāne before the ira tangata, they are our tuākana, our elders. My tūpuna had so much manaakitanga for our manu that they followed in their footsteps, the many tikanga of the bush and land and also seasonal cycles for food gathering and natural survival. Aotearoa was a land of Manu whenua. Many could fly, but as there were no real predators around, many chose to walk through the great forests of Tāne. As I filled my kete with all these treasures from meeting many great Pouako along my journey of life, I wove the wānanga of these Manu with the way they moved and walked as Rangatira on our whenua, thus creating.....
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Ломова, Н. А., В. В. Чаговец, Е. Л. Долгополова, А. В. Новоселова, У. Л. Петрова, Р. Г. Шмаков, and В. Е. Франкевич. "Izmenenie aminokislotnogo profilya v sisteme «mat'–plod» pri COVID-19." Вестник Российского государственного медицинского университета, no. 2022(3) (May 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/vrgmu.2022.025.

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Abstract:
Virus SARS-CoV-2 okazyvaet znachitel'noe vliyanie na organizm cheloveka, i aktualen vopros o haraktere etogo vozdejstviya na molekulyarnom urovne. COVID-19 ne tol'ko okazyvaet vliyanie na mat' v period beremennosti, no i povyshaet risk oslozhnenij v rannem neonatal'nom periode i mozhet imet' otdalennye posledstviya dlya zdorov'ya novorozhdennogo. Cel'yu issledovaniya bylo opredelit' vliyanie COVID-19 na aminokislotnyj sostav venoznoj krovi beremennyh, amnioticheskoj zhidkosti i plazmy pupovinnoj krovi dlya razrabotki diagnosticheskoj paneli, a takzhe provesti analiz vozmozhnyh posledstvij dlya sostoyaniya novorozhdennogo. Osnovnuyu gruppu sostavili 29 pacientok c podtverzhdennym diagnozom COVID-19; kontrol'nuyu gruppu — 17 somaticheski zdorovyh zhenshchin. Na pervom etape raboty byl proveden analiz aminokislotnogo profilya. Obnaruzhennye razlichiya v soderzhanii aminokislot v razlichnyh biologicheskih zhidkostyah pozvolili razrabotat' modeli logisticheskoj regressii. Po dannym matematicheskogo analiza zadejstvovannosti metabolicheskih putej markerov-aminokislot v venoznoj i pupovinnoj plazme krovi materej i novorozhdennyh v gruppe s COVID-19 obnaruzheno statisticheski znachimoe izmenenie biosinteza i putej metabolizma ryada aminokislot, zadejstvovannyh v realizacii vospalitel'noj reakcii, izmenenij energeticheskogo metabolizma, narushenij regulyacii ekspressii i transkripcii belkovyh molekul i pr. Eti rezul'taty mogut byt' ispol'zovany dlya vybora napravleniya dal'nejshih issledovanij vozmozhnyh posledstvij dlya zdorov'ya novorozhdennyh ot materej, perenesshih COVID-19, i opredeleniya trebovanij k lecheniyu i medicinskoj pomoshchi beremennym zhenshchinam i novorozhdennym posle postanovki diagnoza COVID-19.
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40

Junttila, Santeri. "Lähtökielen sanansisäisten soinnittomien klusiilien edustus kantasuomen balttilaislainoissa: Osa II. Edustus kohdekielen pitkän tavuaineksen jäljessä." Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 2019, no. 97 (May 2, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.33340/susa.76433.

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Abstract:
In this article I intend to prove that the word-internal Baltic tenuis consonants k, t and p after a long syllable appear as the single stops k, t and p in old Baltic loanwords in Proto-Finnic in all regular instances, to confirm that all Finnic geminate stops after a long syllable have arisen after the end of the contacts between Baltic and Proto-Finnic. I will critically assess the Baltic loan etymologies which contain geminate stops kk, tt and pp after a long syllable, at which point most of such etymologies will be rejected, and either the long syllable or the geminate stop in the Baltic loanwords kaikki, laukko and peikko in Finnish, malk and kurt in Estonian, will be shown to be secondary. Vowel contraction, like in kaikki, will be claimed as a frequent source of Finnic -ai-. In the possible Baltic loanwords haukkua, paukkua, ronkkua, harakka and peippo, the geminate stop will be explained as onomatopoeic. The two historically geminated Baltic borrowings, South Estonian kaugas and ärk ́, originate from more recent local contacts with Old Latgalian. I will give more credible etymological explanations for 29 Finnic words, once claimed to be of Baltic origin. 18 of these explanations are already known, but I will specify the etymologies given to Finnish aitta, seitti, vaikku and Estonian kärpima, and support the origins of Finnish kartta, riitta and South Estonian kirges with new arguments. I will suggest new etymologies for 11 words: Finnish haitta, karppa, kurpponen, liettää, porkkana, Karelian nautti, Estonian karp, paat, Livonian keŗk, South Estonian käo|kirǵ and virṕ. I will also present several cases, where words of different origin with similarities in both form and meaning have an influence on each other’s phonological and/or semantic development.
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