Journal articles on the topic 'Hapu identity'
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Padula, William V., Robert D. Gibbons, Peter J. Pronovost, Donald Hedeker, Manish K. Mishra, Mary Beth F. Makic, John FP Bridges, et al. "Using clinical data to predict high-cost performance coding issues associated with pressure ulcers: a multilevel cohort model." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 24, e1 (August 18, 2016): e95-e102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw118.
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Objective: Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) have a mortality rate of 11.6%, are costly to treat, and result in Medicare reimbursement penalties. Medicare codes HAPUs according to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient-Safety Indicator 3 (PSI-03), but they are sometimes inappropriately coded. The objective is to use electronic health records to predict pressure ulcers and to identify coding issues leading to penalties. Materials and Methods: We evaluated all hospitalized patient electronic medical records at an academic medical center data repository between 2011 and 2014. These data contained patient encounter level demographic variables, diagnoses, prescription drugs, and provider orders. HAPUs were defined by PSI-03: stages III, IV, or unstageable pressure ulcers not present on admission as a secondary diagnosis, excluding cases of paralysis. Random forests reduced data dimensionality. Multilevel logistic regression of patient encounters evaluated associations between covariates and HAPU incidence. Results: The approach produced a sample population of 21 153 patients with 1549 PSI-03 cases. The greatest odds ratio (OR) of HAPU incidence was among patients diagnosed with spinal cord injury (ICD-9 907.2: OR = 14.3; P < .001), and 71% of spinal cord injuries were not properly coded for paralysis, leading to a PSI-03 flag. Other high ORs included bed confinement (ICD-9 V49.84: OR = 3.1, P < .001) and provider-ordered pre-albumin lab (OR = 2.5, P < .001). Discussion: This analysis identifies spinal cord injuries as high risk for HAPUs and as being often inappropriately coded without paralysis, leading to PSI-03 flags. The resulting statistical model can be tested to predict HAPUs during hospitalization. Conclusion: Inappropriate coding of conditions leads to poor hospital performance measures and Medicare reimbursement penalties.
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Stephenson, Janet. "Conflict in the Landscape: A Case Study of the Cultural Values Model." Public History Review 13 (June 10, 2006): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v13i0.267.
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In some senses, landscapes are our heritage. They are touchstones of identity, defining who we are as a nation, as iwi and hapu and as communities. However, landscapes have become a battlefield as they are subjected to rapid and widespread change. Reaction to these changes is being vocalised in the streets, the media, in courtrooms and at a variety of recent conferences in New Zealand. A fundamental cause of the conflict is that formal methods of attributing significance to landscape, particularly as codified in legislation, have not kept abreast of emerging recognition of its rich and complex meanings. Additionally, decision-making processes relating to new developments tend to rely on expert assessments, largely overlooking the distinctive cultural heritage that arises from the close interactions between people and their landscapes. To achieve better management of the multiple interests in landscape, it is necessary to move beyond 'silo' thinking and to be inclusive of values that currently fall outside of standardised assessment methods. Using the Cultural Values Model, this article suggests that conflict arises because of the lack of recognition of the range of values that may be implicit in any particular landscape. The model suggests that landscapes can be understood in an integrated way through consideration of forms, relationships and practices; the dynamic interactions between these; and the dimension of time. Aspects of landscape that are considered to be 'valuable' by experts or communities may arise from all or any of these components. Conflict in the landscape arises where certain components are ignored or given primacy over others. While conflict cannot be entirely avoided, the model offers a more integrated understanding of landscape values as a whole and thus the ability to anticipate where and why conflicts may arise.
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Garcia-Gonzales, Diane A., Seth B. C. Shonkoff, Jake Hays, and Michael Jerrett. "Hazardous Air Pollutants Associated with Upstream Oil and Natural Gas Development: A Critical Synthesis of Current Peer-Reviewed Literature." Annual Review of Public Health 40, no. 1 (April 2019): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043715.
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Increased energy demands and innovations in upstream oil and natural gas (ONG) extraction technologies have enabled the United States to become one of the world's leading producers of petroleum and natural gas hydrocarbons. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lists 187 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects. Several of these HAPs have been measured at elevated concentrations around ONG sites, but most have not been studied in the context of upstream development. In this review, we analyzed recent global peer-reviewed articles that investigated HAPs near ONG operations to ( a) identify HAPs associated with upstream ONG development, ( b) identify their specific sources in upstream processes, and ( c) examine the potential for adverse health outcomes from HAPs emitted during these phases of hydrocarbon development.
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Qu, Chunpu, Yuqing Zhang, Jinyuan Chen, Shuang Zhang, Jiajie Yu, Chengjun Yang, Xiuli Zhang, Zhi-Ru Xu, and Guan-Jun Liu. "A Weighted Mean Value Analysis to Identify Biological Pathway Activity Changes during Poplar Seed Germination." Forests 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2019): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080664.
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Poplar (Populus × xiaohei T. S. Hwang et Liang) is an excellent model plant, with a known genome sequence, for studying woody plant developmental processes, such as seed germination. Here, we report the transcriptional profiling of poplar seeds at five germination stages using RNA-Seq technology. We focused on identifying biological pathway activity changes during seed germination and transcription factors that play important roles in different stages. Among the 16 significantly changing clusters obtained using the STEM method, transcription was significantly enriched in five different clusters, 8, 21, 25, 27, and 35. The oxidative phosphorylation-related genes were only enriched in cluster 9, and expression patterns decreased in 6 and 24 HAI, while ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processes were only enriched in cluster 16, and expression patterns increased in 6 HAI. A weighted mean method analysis determined that most primary metabolism-associated categories, such as major carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, oxidative pentose phosphate, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and protein metabolism, were elevated between 6 and 48 h after imbibition (HAI). ATP synthesis and C1 metabolism had highly active expression patterns between 0.75 and 48 HAI. The photosynthesis category-associated genes that were identified appeared highly active at 144 HAI. The homogenization of transcription factors in each cluster revealed that the HAP2, C3H zinc finger family, and C2C2(Zn) GATA transcription factors were present in relatively high numbers in cluster 8, while HAP5, Zn-finger (CCHC), FHA, and E2F/DP transcription factor families, as well as SNF7, were present in high numbers in cluster 25. Thus, we identified a series of biological pathway activity changes that occur, and transcription factors that are active, during poplar seed germination. Moreover, this study provides an integrated view of transcriptional regulation that can reveal the molecular events occurring during seed germination.
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LEWIS, CHERYL, and BASTIAN BENTLAGE. "Clarifying the identity of the Japanese Habu-kurage, Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida)." Zootaxa 2030, no. 1 (March 9, 2009): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2030.1.5.
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Here we describe the new species Chironex yamaguchii (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. This highly venomous cubomedusa, commonly referred to as Habu-kurage in Japan, is the culprit for several fatalities in Japanese waters. The scientific name adopted for this species in the literature is Chiropsalmus quadrigatus, but our taxonomic investigations show that this represents a case of mistaken identity. In fact, Habu-kurage is a close relative of Chironex fleckeri, which is particularly interesting because the latter has a reputation for being the most venomous animal known. Differences in the shape of the pedalial canal bend, the number of tentacles, and bell size distinguish the two species. In addition to Japan, Chironex yamaguchii is widely distributed in the Philippines.
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Moonen, Mariëlle J. H., Silvia A. Synowsky, Willy A. M. van den Berg, Adrie H. Westphal, Albert J. R. Heck, Robert H. H. van den Heuvel, Marco W. Fraaije, and Willem J. H. van Berkel. "Hydroquinone Dioxygenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens ACB: a Novel Member of the Family of Nonheme-Iron(II)-Dependent Dioxygenases." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 15 (May 23, 2008): 5199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01945-07.
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ABSTRACT Hydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase (HQDO), an enzyme involved in the catabolism of 4-hydroxyacetophenone in Pseudomonas fluorescens ACB, was purified to apparent homogeneity. Ligandation with 4-hydroxybenzoate prevented the enzyme from irreversible inactivation. HQDO was activated by iron(II) ions and catalyzed the ring fission of a wide range of hydroquinones to the corresponding 4-hydroxymuconic semialdehydes. HQDO was inactivated by 2,2′-dipyridyl, o-phenanthroline, and hydrogen peroxide and inhibited by phenolic compounds. The inhibition with 4-hydroxybenzoate (K i = 14 μM) was competitive with hydroquinone. Online size-exclusion chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that HQDO is an α2β2 heterotetramer of 112.4 kDa, which is composed of an α-subunit of 17.8 kDa and a β-subunit of 38.3 kDa. Each β-subunit binds one molecule of 4-hydroxybenzoate and one iron(II) ion. N-terminal sequencing and peptide mapping and sequencing based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—two-stage time of flight analysis established that the HQDO subunits are encoded by neighboring open reading frames (hapC and hapD) of a gene cluster, implicated to be involved in 4-hydroxyacetophenone degradation. HQDO is a novel member of the family of nonheme-iron(II)-dependent dioxygenases. The enzyme shows insignificant sequence identity with known dioxygenases.
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Alam, Perwez, Garima Agarwal, Rahul Kumar, Aastha Mishra, Neeru Saini, Ghulam Mohammad, and M. A. Qadar Pasha. "Susceptibility to high-altitude pulmonary edema is associated with circulating miRNA levels under hypobaric hypoxia conditions." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 319, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): L360—L368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00168.2020.
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Hypobaric hypoxia poses stress to sojourners traveling to high-altitude. A cascade of physiological changes occurs to cope with or adapt to hypobaric hypoxia. However, an insufficient physiological response to the hypoxic condition resulting from imbalanced vascular homeostasis pathways results in high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). The present study aims to identify the implication of miRNAs associating with HAPE and adaptation. We analyzed the expression of 1,113 miRNAs in HAPE-patients (HAPE-p), HAPE-free controls (HAPE-f), and highland natives (HLs). Based on miRNA profiling and in silico analyses, miR-124-3p emerged relevantly. We observed a significant overexpression of miR-124-3p in HAPE-p. In silico analyses revealed a direct interaction of miR-124-3p with vascular homeostasis and hypoxia-associated genes NOS3 (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), Apelin, and ETS1 (V-Ets avian erythroblastosis virus E2 oncogene homolog 1). Moreover, the transcript and biolevel expression of these genes were significantly decreased in HAPE-p when compared with HAPE-f or HLs. Our in vitro analysis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrated a significant knockdown of these genes both at transcript and protein levels following miR-124-3p overexpression. Conclusively, our results showed that miR-124-3p might play a plausible role in HAPE pathophysiology by inhibiting the expression of NOS3, Apelin, and ETS1.
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Bonavia, Aurelio, Bruce D. Zelus, David E. Wentworth, Pierre J. Talbot, and Kathryn V. Holmes. "Identification of a Receptor-Binding Domain of the Spike Glycoprotein of Human Coronavirus HCoV-229E." Journal of Virology 77, no. 4 (February 15, 2003): 2530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.4.2530-2538.2003.
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ABSTRACT Human coronavirus HCoV-229E uses human aminopeptidase N (hAPN) as its receptor (C. L. Yeager et al., Nature 357:420-422, 1992). To identify the receptor-binding domain of the viral spike glycoprotein (S), we expressed soluble truncated histidine-tagged S glycoproteins by using baculovirus expression vectors. Truncated S proteins purified by nickel affinity chromatography were shown to be glycosylated and to react with polyclonal anti-HCoV-229E antibodies and monoclonal antibodies to the viral S protein. A truncated protein (S547) that contains the N-terminal 547 amino acids bound to 3T3 mouse cells that express hAPN but not to mouse 3T3 cells transfected with empty vector. Binding of S547 to hAPN was blocked by an anti-hAPN monoclonal antibody that inhibits binding of virus to hAPN and blocks virus infection of human cells and was also blocked by polyclonal anti-HCoV-229E antibody. S proteins that contain the N-terminal 268 or 417 amino acids did not bind to hAPN-3T3 cells. Antibody to the region from amino acid 417 to the C terminus of S blocked binding of S547 to hAPN-3T3 cells. Thus, the data suggest that the domain of the spike protein between amino acids 417 and 547 is required for the binding of HCoV-229E to its hAPN receptor.
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Gesang, Luobu, Lamu Gusang, Ciren Dawa, Gawa Gesang, and Kang Li. "Whole-Genome Sequencing Identifies the Egl Nine Homologue 3 (egln3/phd3) and Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Inhibitor Subunit 2 (PPP1R2P1) Associated with High-Altitude Polycythemia in Tibetans at High Altitude." Disease Markers 2019 (November 7, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5946461.
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Background. The hypoxic conditions at high altitudes are great threats to survival, causing pressure for adaptation. More and more high-altitude denizens are not adapted with the condition known as high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) that featured excessive erythrocytosis. As a high-altitude sickness, the etiology of HAPC is still unclear. Methods. In this study, we reported the whole-genome sequencing-based study of 10 native Tibetans with HAPC and 10 control subjects followed by genotyping of selected 21 variants from discovered single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in an independent cohort (232 cases and 266 controls). Results. We discovered the egl nine homologue 3 (egln3/phd3) (14q13.1, rs1346902, P=1.91×10−5) and PPP1R2P1 (Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Inhibitor Subunit 2) gene (6p21.32, rs521539, P=0.012). Our results indicated an unbiased framework to identify etiological mechanisms of HAPC and showed that egln3/phd3 and PPP1R2P1 may be associated with the susceptibility to HAPC. Egln3/phd3b is associated with hypoxia-inducible factor subunit α (HIFα). Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Inhibitor is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Conclusions. Our genome sequencing conducted in Tibetan HAPC patients identified egln3/phd3 and PPP1R2P1 associated with HAPC.
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Lindsay Barr, Tremane, and John Reid. "Centralized decentralization for tribal business development." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 8, no. 3 (August 5, 2014): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-10-2012-0054.
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Purpose – The purpose of this research was to identify and create a decentralized development system specific for the whanau (family) and hapu/runanga (sub-tribe) members of Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu. In New Zealand, a number of Maori tribes have negotiated compensation with the New Zealand Government for past injustices. These assets are typically centralized within iwi (tribal) corporate structures to protect and grow the asset base on behalf of tribal constituents. This centralization of assets has caused political tension within tribes. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides a case study of whanau/hapu-level businesses facilitated by the post-settlement iwi – Ngāi Tahu – to demonstrate how each level can work synergistically to encourage multi-level economic development in a way that matches cultural patterns and expectations. Participant action research theory and practice was utilized by researchers from Toitu Te Kainga (Regional Development Unit of Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu) between 2008 and 2012. This was informed by an Enterprise Facilitation person-centred perspective and a Kaupapa Māori philosophy of respect and empowerment of the participants needs. Findings – This paper argues that while a certain level of centralization is required, to ring-fence and protect tribal assets at an iwi (tribal) level, the benefits gained by that centralization can then be utilized to provide a springboard for decentralized economic development at the whanau (family) and hapu (sub-tribe) levels. Originality/value – This new indigenous development system is referred to as the symbiotic development model and is an original outcome of this research paper. The paper concludes that tribal economic development in the post-settlement era in New Zealand needs to combine aspects of both centralization and decentralization.
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Do, Eunsoo, Yong-Joon Cho, Donghyeun Kim, James W. Kronstad, and Won Hee Jung. "A Transcriptional Regulatory Map of Iron Homeostasis Reveals a New Control Circuit for Capsule Formation in Cryptococcus neoformans." Genetics 215, no. 4 (June 24, 2020): 1171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303270.
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Iron is essential for the growth of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans within the vertebrate host, and iron sensing contributes to the elaboration of key virulence factors, including the formation of the polysaccharide capsule. C. neoformans employs sophisticated iron acquisition and utilization systems governed by the transcription factors Cir1 and HapX. However, the details of the transcriptional regulatory networks that are governed by these transcription factors and connections to virulence remain to be defined. Here, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) to identify genes directly regulated by Cir1 and/or HapX in response to iron availability. Overall, 40 and 100 genes were directly regulated by Cir1, and 171 and 12 genes were directly regulated by HapX, under iron-limited and replete conditions, respectively. More specifically, we found that Cir1 directly controls the expression of genes required for iron acquisition and metabolism, and indirectly governs capsule formation by regulating specific protein kinases, a regulatory connection not previously revealed. HapX regulates the genes responsible for iron-dependent pathways, particularly under iron-depleted conditions. By analyzing target genes directly bound by Cir1 and HapX, we predicted the binding motifs for the transcription factors and verified that the purified proteins bind these motifs in vitro. Furthermore, several direct target genes were coordinately and reciprocally regulated by Cir1 and HapX, suggesting that these transcription factors play conserved roles in the response to iron availability. In addition, biochemical analyses revealed that Cir1 and HapX are iron-containing proteins, implying that the regulatory networks of Cir1 and HapX may be influenced by the incorporation of iron into these proteins. Taken together, our identification of the genome-wide transcriptional networks provides a detailed understanding of the iron-related regulatory landscape, establishes a new connection between Cir1 and kinases that regulate capsule, and underpins genetic and biochemical analyses that reveal iron-sensing mechanisms for Cir1 and HapX in C. neoformans.
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Baek, Kyung-Min, Min-Ji Kim, Young-Kyo Seo, Byung-Wook Kang, Jong-Ho Kim, and Sung-Ok Baek. "Spatiotemporal Variations and Health Implications of Hazardous Air Pollutants in Ulsan, a Multi-Industrial City in Korea." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050547.
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We measured a wide range of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) simultaneously at five sites over four seasons in 2009–2010 in Ulsan, the largest industrial city in Korea. Target analytes included volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbonyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, and heavy metals (HMs). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the occurrence and spatiotemporal distributions of HAPs, and to identify important HAPs based on health risk assessment. Industrial emissions affected ambient levels of VOCs and HMs, as demonstrated by spatial distribution analysis. However, concentrations of PAHs and phthalates were relatively uniform at all sites. VOCs and HMs exhibited little seasonal variation, while formaldehyde increased in the summer due to its secondary formation. PAHs exhibited notable seasonal variation; higher in cold seasons and lower in warm seasons. Cumulative cancer risks imposed by 35 HAPs were 4.7 × 10−4 and 1.7 × 10−4 in industrial and residential areas, respectively. The top five major cancer risk drivers appeared to be formaldehyde, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene, As, and Co. The sums of hazard quotients (HQ) derived by 47 HAPs were 10.0 (industrial) and 2.4 (residential). As the individual species, only two HAPs exceeded the HQ of 1, which are As (3.1) and Pb (2.1) in the industrial area. This study demonstrated the importance of a comprehensive monitoring and health risk assessment to prioritize potentially toxic pollutants in the ambient air of a large industrial city.
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Kim, Min-Ji, Kyung-Min Baek, Jong-Bae Heo, Jang-Pyo Cheong, and Sung-Ok Baek. "Concentrations, health risks, and sources of hazardous air pollutants in Seoul-Incheon, a megacity area in Korea." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 14, no. 6 (April 26, 2021): 873–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-00986-z.
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AbstractWe conducted ambient monitoring of various hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) for 2 years (2013-2015) in two adjacent Korean cities in a megacity area: Seoul and Incheon. Measured HAPs included volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals (HMs). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the spatiotemporal variations of HAPs, to prioritize HAPs based on health risks, to identify sources using a receptor-based model, and to estimate source-specific risks. Overall, the HAP levels in Incheon were higher than those in Seoul. The concentrations of combustion-origin HAPs, such as PAHs and some HMs, were significantly higher during the heating period than during the non-heating period. However, most VOCs exhibited an opposite trend. Benzo[a]pyrene showed the highest cancer risk in both cities, followed by formaldehyde, arsenic, and benzene; trichloroethylene was the only species that exceeded the hazard quotient of 1. Cumulative cancer risks were 2.0 × 10-4 in Seoul and 2.7 × 10-4 in Incheon. Major sources and their contributions to each HAP concentration were estimated by positive matrix factorization modeling. Based on source-specific risk assessments, we suggest that both cities should give high priority to the control of traffic pollution and the supply of cleaner fuels in non-residential sectors. Reducing carbonyl concentrations in Seoul and industrial emissions in Incheon is also necessary. Establishing new ambient standards for benzo[a]pyrene and formaldehyde is worth considering as a long-term measure. This study provides scientific information on the occurrence, health risks, and sources of various HAPs in large urban areas.
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Bernstein, Mary, and Marcie De la Cruz. ""What are You?": Explaining Identity as a Goal of the Multiracial Hapa Movement." Social Problems 56, no. 4 (November 2009): 722–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.2009.56.4.722.
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Kusnanto, Kusnanto, Iqlima Dwi Kurnia, and Dwi Indah Prasetia. "Implementation of Health Action Process Approach to Improve Dietary Adherence in Type 2 Diabetic Patient." Jurnal NERS 10, no. 2 (March 7, 2016): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v10i22015.272-278.
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Introduction: Type 2 diabetic patients usually unsuccessful to follow the diet recommendation due to lack of motivation, memory and intention. This study attempts to increase the motivation and also to improve intention in dietary adherence through the implementation of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Method: This study was a quasy-experiment. The population were type 2 diabetic patients in Puskesmas Krian Sidoarjo in March-April 2015. Respondents were only 16 and had been divided into experiment and control group. The independent variable was the implementation of HAPA. The dependent variable were self-efficacy, dietary adherence and blood sugar levels. The instruments in this study were questionnaires and blood sugar monitoring devices. Data were analyzed using statistical wilcoxon sign rank test and mann whitney u test with significance level α ≤ 0.05. Result: Wilcoxon sign rank test showed there were differences between pre and post test significantly on self-efficacy (p=0.014), dietary adherence (p=0.025), blood sugar levels (p=0.009) in experiment group, while no significant differences in control group. Mann Witney U test showed that there was significant difference on dietary adherence (p=0.002) between two groups. Discussion: In conclusion, the implementation of HAPA can improve dietary adherence in type 2 diabetic patient. Further, following studies are expected with large number respondents and identify the whole variables in the HAPA theory.Keywords: Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), self efficacy, dietary adherence, blood glucose, Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
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Yu, Jiaying, Xi Xiang, Jinrong Huang, Xue Liang, Xiaoguang Pan, Zhanying Dong, Trine Skov Petersen, et al. "Haplotyping by CRISPR-mediated DNA circularization (CRISPR-hapC) broadens allele-specific gene editing." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 5 (January 16, 2020): e25-e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1233.
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Abstract Allele-specific protospacer adjacent motif (asPAM)-positioning SNPs and CRISPRs are valuable resources for gene therapy of dominant disorders. However, one technical hurdle is to identify the haplotype comprising the disease-causing allele and the distal asPAM SNPs. Here, we describe a novel CRISPR-based method (CRISPR-hapC) for haplotyping. Based on the generation (with a pair of CRISPRs) of extrachromosomal circular DNA in cells, the CRISPR-hapC can map haplotypes from a few hundred bases to over 200 Mb. To streamline and demonstrate the applicability of the CRISPR-hapC and asPAM CRISPR for allele-specific gene editing, we reanalyzed the 1000 human pan-genome and generated a high frequency asPAM SNP and CRISPR database (www.crispratlas.com/knockout) for four CRISPR systems (SaCas9, SpCas9, xCas9 and Cas12a). Using the huntingtin (HTT) CAG expansion and transthyretin (TTR) exon 2 mutation as examples, we showed that the asPAM CRISPRs can specifically discriminate active and dead PAMs for all 23 loci tested. Combination of the CRISPR-hapC and asPAM CRISPRs further demonstrated the capability for achieving highly accurate and haplotype-specific deletion of the HTT CAG expansion allele and TTR exon 2 mutation in human cells. Taken together, our study provides a new approach and an important resource for genome research and allele-specific (haplotype-specific) gene therapy.
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Hughes, Alice E., M. Geoffrey Hayes, Aoife M. Egan, Kashyap A. Patel, Denise M. Scholtens, Lynn P. Lowe, William L. Lowe Jr, Fidelma P. Dunne, Andrew T. Hattersley, and Rachel M. Freathy. "All thresholds of maternal hyperglycaemia from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes identify women with a higher genetic risk for type 2 diabetes." Wellcome Open Research 5 (July 22, 2020): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16097.1.
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Background: Using genetic scores for fasting plasma glucose (FPG GS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D GS), we investigated whether the fasting, 1-hour and 2-hour glucose thresholds from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes (GDM) have different implications for genetic susceptibility to raised fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in women from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) and Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP) studies. Methods: Cases were divided into three subgroups: (i) FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L only, n=222; (ii) 1-hour glucose post 75 g oral glucose load ≥10 mmol/L only, n=154 (iii) 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L only, n=73; and (iv) both FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L and either of a 1-hour glucose ≥10 mmol/L or 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L, n=172. We compared the FPG and T2D GS of these groups with controls (n=3,091) in HAPO and DIP separately. Results: In HAPO and DIP, the mean FPG GS in women with a FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L, either on its own or with 1-hour glucose ≥10 mmol/L or 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L, was higher than controls (all P <0.01). Mean T2D GS in women with a raised FPG alone or with either a raised 1-hour or 2-hour glucose was higher than controls (all P <0.05). GDM defined by 1-hour or 2-hour hyperglycaemia only was also associated with a higher T2D GS than controls (all P <0.05). Conclusions: The different diagnostic categories that are part of the WHO 2013 criteria for GDM identify women with a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes as well as a risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Hughes, Alice E., M. Geoffrey Hayes, Aoife M. Egan, Kashyap A. Patel, Denise M. Scholtens, Lynn P. Lowe, William L. Lowe Jr, Fidelma P. Dunne, Andrew T. Hattersley, and Rachel M. Freathy. "All thresholds of maternal hyperglycaemia from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes identify women with a higher genetic risk for type 2 diabetes." Wellcome Open Research 5 (November 3, 2020): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16097.2.
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Background: Using genetic scores for fasting plasma glucose (FPG GS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D GS), we investigated whether the fasting, 1-hour and 2-hour glucose thresholds from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes (GDM) have different implications for genetic susceptibility to raised fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in women from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) and Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP) studies. Methods: Cases were divided into three subgroups: (i) FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L only, n=222; (ii) 1-hour glucose post 75 g oral glucose load ≥10 mmol/L only, n=154 (iii) 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L only, n=73; and (iv) both FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L and either of a 1-hour glucose ≥10 mmol/L or 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L, n=172. We compared the FPG and T2D GS of these groups with controls (n=3,091) in HAPO and DIP separately. Results: In HAPO and DIP, the mean FPG GS in women with a FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L, either on its own or with 1-hour glucose ≥10 mmol/L or 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L, was higher than controls (all P <0.01). Mean T2D GS in women with a raised FPG alone or with either a raised 1-hour or 2-hour glucose was higher than controls (all P <0.05). GDM defined by 1-hour or 2-hour hyperglycaemia only was also associated with a higher T2D GS than controls (all P <0.05). Conclusions: The different diagnostic categories that are part of the WHO 2013 criteria for GDM identify women with a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes as well as a risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Hughes, Alice E., M. Geoffrey Hayes, Aoife M. Egan, Kashyap A. Patel, Denise M. Scholtens, Lynn P. Lowe, William L. Lowe Jr, Fidelma P. Dunne, Andrew T. Hattersley, and Rachel M. Freathy. "All thresholds of maternal hyperglycaemia from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes identify women with a higher genetic risk for type 2 diabetes." Wellcome Open Research 5 (March 23, 2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16097.3.
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Background: Using genetic scores for fasting plasma glucose (FPG GS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D GS), we investigated whether the fasting, 1-hour and 2-hour glucose thresholds from the WHO 2013 criteria for gestational diabetes (GDM) have different implications for genetic susceptibility to raised fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in women from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) and Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP) studies. Methods: Cases were divided into three subgroups: (i) FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L only, n=222; (ii) 1-hour glucose post 75 g oral glucose load ≥10 mmol/L only, n=154 (iii) 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L only, n=73; and (iv) both FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L and either of a 1-hour glucose ≥10 mmol/L or 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L, n=172. We compared the FPG and T2D GS of these groups with controls (n=3,091) in HAPO and DIP separately. Results: In HAPO and DIP, the mean FPG GS in women with a FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L, either on its own or with 1-hour glucose ≥10 mmol/L or 2-hour glucose ≥8.5 mmol/L, was higher than controls (all P <0.01). Mean T2D GS in women with a raised FPG alone or with either a raised 1-hour or 2-hour glucose was higher than controls (all P <0.05). GDM defined by 1-hour or 2-hour hyperglycaemia only was also associated with a higher T2D GS than controls (all P <0.05). Conclusions: The different diagnostic categories that are part of the WHO 2013 criteria for GDM identify women with a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes as well as a risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Wang, Zejun, Kangqi Sun, Yufeng He, Pengfei Song, Dawei Zhang, and Rongmin Wang. "Preparation of hydroxyapatite-based porous materials for absorption of lead ions." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 7 (October 1, 2019): 1266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.370.
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Abstract In this paper, soybean protein isolate (SPI) was used as template, hydroxyapatite was crystallized on protein chains of SPI by in-situ synthesis, then the obtained inorganic HA/biopolymer SPI composite (HA@SPI) was calcined at suitable temperature, which afforded a novel hydroxyapatite-based porous materials (HApM). The results indicated that the product showed a porous morphology structure and excellent absorption performance for Pb2+. HApM maximum removal of lead was attained (96.25%) at an initial pH value of 7.4, temperature of 25 °C and contact time of 30 min with an initial metal concentration of 60 mg/L. In order to identify composition, structure and functional groups involved in the uptake of Pb2+, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis were carried out. Therefore, the hydroxyapatite-based porous materials (HApM) is a promising candidate for the treatment of liquid wastes containing toxic Pb2+ metal ion, heavy metal ion antidotes and other related fields.
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Foster, Helen A., Mingfei Cui, Angel Naveenathayalan, Heike Unden, Ralf Schwanbeck, and Thomas Höfken. "The Zinc Cluster Protein Sut1 Contributes to Filamentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Eukaryotic Cell 12, no. 2 (December 7, 2012): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00214-12.
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ABSTRACTSut1 is a transcriptional regulator of the Zn(II)2Cys6family in the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The only function that has been attributed to Sut1 is sterol uptake under anaerobic conditions. Here, we show that Sut1 is also expressed in the presence of oxygen, and we identify a novel function for Sut1.SUT1overexpression blocks filamentous growth, a response to nutrient limitation, in both haploid and diploid cells. This inhibition by Sut1 is independent of its function in sterol uptake. Sut1 downregulates the expression ofGAT2,HAP4,MGA1,MSN4,NCE102,PRR2,RHO3, andRHO5. Several of these Sut1 targets (GAT2,HAP4,MGA1,RHO3, andRHO5) are essential for filamentation in haploids and/or diploids. Furthermore, the expression of the Sut1 target genes, with the exception ofMGA1, is induced during filamentous growth. We also show thatSUT1expression is autoregulated and inhibited by Ste12, a key transcriptional regulator of filamentation. We propose that Sut1 partially represses the expression ofGAT2,HAP4,MGA1,MSN4,NCE102,PRR2,RHO3, andRHO5when nutrients are plentiful. Filamentation-inducing conditions relieve this repression by Sut1, and the increased expression of Sut1 targets triggers filamentous growth.
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Milkova, Natalija, Sean P. Parsons, Elyanne Ratcliffe, Jan D. Huizinga, and Ji-Hong Chen. "On the nature of high-amplitude propagating pressure waves in the human colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 318, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): G646—G660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00386.2019.
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Characterization of high-amplitude propagating pressure waves (HAPWs or HAPCs) plays a key role in diagnosis of colon dysmotility using any type of colonic manometry. With the introduction of high-resolution manometry, more insight is gained into this most prominent propulsive motor pattern. Here, we use a water-perfused catheter with 84 sensors with intervals between measuring points of 1 cm throughout the colon, for 6–8 h, in 19 healthy subjects. The catheter contained a balloon to evoke distention. We explored as stimuli a meal, balloon distention, oral prucalopride, and bisacodyl injection, with a goal to optimally evoke HAPWs. We developed a quantitative measure of HAPW activity, the “HAPW Index.” Our protocol elicited 290 HAPWs. 21% of HAPWs were confined to the proximal colon with an average amplitude of 75.3 ± 3.3 mmHg and an average HAPW Index of 440 ± 58 mmHg·m·s. 29% of HAPWs started in the proximal colon and ended in the transverse or descending colon, with an average amplitude of 87.9 ± 3.1 mmHg and an average HAPW Index of 3,344 ± 356 mmHg·m·s. Forty-nine percent of HAPWs started and ended in the transverse or descending colon with an average amplitude of 109.3 ± 3.3 mmHg and an average HAPW Index of 2,071 ± 195 mmHg·m·s. HAPWs with and without simultaneous pressure waves (SPWs) initiated the colo-anal reflex, often abolishing 100% of anal sphincter pressure. Rectal bisacodyl and proximal balloon distention were the most optimal stimuli to evoke HAPWs. These measures now allow for a confident diagnosis of abnormal motility in patients with colonic motor dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-amplitude propagating pressure waves (HAPWs) were characterized using 84 sensors throughout the entire colon in healthy subjects, taking note of site of origin, site of termination, amplitude, and velocity, and to identify optimal stimuli to evoke HAPWs. Three categories of HAPWs were identified, including the associated colo-anal reflex. Proximal balloon distention and rectal bisacodyl were recognized as reliable stimuli for evoking HAPWs, and a HAPW Index was devised to quantify this essential colonic motor pattern.
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Syama, Adikarla, Varadarajan Santhakumari Arun, GaneshPrasad ArunKumar, Ray Subhadeepta, Kai Friese, and Ramasamy Pitchappan. "Origin and identity of the Brokpa of Dah-Hanu, Himalayas – an NRY-HG L1a2 (M357) legacy." Annals of Human Biology 46, no. 7-8 (November 17, 2019): 562–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2019.1694700.
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Schlenker, Dieter. "Communicating European Archives: Challenges, Strategies and Tools." Atlanti 28, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.28.1.11-15(2018).
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This article outlines the insights gained during the establishment of a communications strategy for the Historical Archives of the European Union (HAEU) in Florence. The article reflects on how key messages of a unique transnational European archives are construed from its mission, legal framework and in close collaboration with EU institutional archives services. It also sheds light on how to identify a specific European target audience for the Archives and other key elements of a communications strategy for a European archives.The HAEU is the official home for the historical documents of the European Union Institutions, Bodies and Agencies. It is part of the European University Institute, a unique academic hub for doctoral and post-doctoral European studies. It houses, at Villa Salviati in Florence, seven kilometres of paper and digital archives as well as rich audio-visual and oral history collections documenting the historical process of European integration and cooperation. The EU-institutional archives are made accessible to the public after 30 years.The HAEU also hosts 160 deposits of private papers from eminent European political leaders, EU officials and pioneers in the European integration process, and a unique collection of archives of pro-Eu-ropean movements and non-EU organisations with a European scope, such as the European Space Agen-cy and the European Free Trade Association.
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Noro, Hiroko. "The role of Japanese as a heritage language in constructing ethnic identity among Hapa Japanese Canadian children." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 30, no. 1 (February 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434630802307874.
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Hammer, Brian K., and Bonnie L. Bassler. "Distinct Sensory Pathways in Vibrio cholerae El Tor and Classical Biotypes Modulate Cyclic Dimeric GMP Levels To Control Biofilm Formation." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 1 (October 24, 2008): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01307-08.
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ABSTRACT Quorum sensing (QS), or cell-cell communication in bacteria, is achieved through the production and subsequent response to the accumulation of extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers (AIs). To identify AI-regulated target genes in Vibrio cholerae El Tor (V. cholerae El), the strain responsible for the current cholera pandemic, luciferase expression was assayed in an AI− strain carrying a random lux transcriptional reporter library in the presence and absence of exogenously added AIs. Twenty-three genes were identified and shown to require the QS transcription factor, HapR, for their regulation. Several of the QS-dependent target genes, annotated as encoding hypothetical proteins, in fact encode HD-GYP proteins, phosphodiesterases that degrade the intracellular second messenger cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP), which is important for controlling biofilm formation. Indeed, overexpression of a representative QS-activated HD-GYP protein in V. cholerae El reduced the intracellular concentration of c-di-GMP, which in turn decreased exopolysaccharide production and biofilm formation. The V. cholerae classical biotype (V. cholerae Cl), which caused previous cholera pandemics and is HapR−, controls c-di-GMP levels and biofilm formation by the VieA signaling pathway. We show that the VieA pathway is dispensable for biofilm formation in V. cholerae El but that restoring HapR in V. cholerae Cl reestablishes QS-dependent repression of exopolysaccharide production. Thus, different pandemic strains of V. cholerae modulate c-di-GMP levels and control biofilm formation in response to distinct sensory pathways.
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Ottolenghi, Sara, Aida Zulueta, and Anna Caretti. "Iron and Sphingolipids as Common Players of (Mal)Adaptation to Hypoxia in Pulmonary Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010307.
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Hypoxia, or lack of oxygen, can occur in both physiological (high altitude) and pathological conditions (respiratory diseases). In this narrative review, we introduce high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Cystic Fibrosis (CF) as examples of maladaptation to hypoxia, and highlight some of the potential mechanisms influencing the prognosis of the affected patients. Among the specific pathways modulated in response to hypoxia, iron metabolism has been widely explored in recent years. Recent evidence emphasizes hepcidin as highly involved in the compensatory response to hypoxia in healthy subjects. A less investigated field in the adaptation to hypoxia is the sphingolipid (SPL) metabolism, especially through Ceramide and sphingosine 1 phosphate. Both individually and in concert, iron and SPL are active players of the (mal)adaptation to physiological hypoxia, which can result in the pathological HAPE. Our aim is to identify some pathways and/or markers involved in the physiological adaptation to low atmospheric pressures (high altitudes) that could be involved in pathological adaptation to hypoxia as it occurs in pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Hepcidin, Cer, S1P, and their interplay in hypoxia are raising growing interest both as prognostic factors and therapeutical targets.
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Gazineo, Domenica, Paolo Chiari, Matteo Chiarabelli, Mattia Morri, Fabio D'Alessandro, Tania Sabattini, Elisa Ambrosi, and Cristiana Forni. "Predictive factors for category II pressure ulcers in older patients with hip fractures: a prospective study." Journal of Wound Care 28, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2019.28.9.593.
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Objective: To identify the incidence of category II or higher hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) and significantly associated factors in older patients with hip fractures. PUs are a frequent complication in hip fracture patients, negatively impacting patients' quality of life, the health-care system and society. Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted. A consecutive sample of patients with pertrochanteric, femoral neck or subtrochanteric fractures requiring surgical treatment, were included. A stepwise, multiple regression was performed to identify factors associated with PU development. Results: A total of 761 patients aged ≥65 years were sampled. The incidence of category II or higher PUs was 12%. The study identified five factors that were significantly, independently associated with category II or higher PU development, including a higher preoperative Braden score (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 0.884; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.806–0.969), surgical procedure with osteosynthesis (HR 1.876; 95%CI: 1.183–2.975), a higher percentage of days with the presence of foam valve before surgery (HR: 1.010; 95%CI: 1.010–1.023) and a urinary catheter (HR: 1.013; 95%CI: 1.006–1.019) and diaper (HR: 1.007; 95% CI 1.001–1.013) in the postoperative period. Conclusion: Attention should be given by clinical staff to avoiding the use of foam valves, to limiting the use of diapers and to early removal of urinary catheters.
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Nurhayati, Nurhayati, and H. Muhammad Yunan. "TRADISI TEKA RA NE’E DALAM PROSESI PERKAWINAN ADAT PADA MASYARAKAT DESA BORO DI KECAMATAN SANGGAR KABUPATEN BIMA." CIVICUS : Pendidikan-Penelitian-Pengabdian Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/civicus.v6i1.630.
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Tradisi teka ra ne,e merupakan adat istiadat yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat ketika akan melakukan proses perkawinan. Tujuan dari tradisi teka ra ne’e adalah untuk meringankan beban pemilik hajat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prosesi tradisi teka ra ne’e pada masyarakat Desa Boro dan untuk mengidentifikasi nilai-nilai karakter bangsa apa saja yang terkandung dalam pelaksanaan teka ra ne’e pada perkawinan adat pada masyarakat Desa Boro Kecamatan Sanggar Kabupaten Bima. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, pengumpulan digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subyek penelitian adalah, guru PPKn, guru BK, siswa SMP, serta kepala sekolah. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan teka ra ne’e dalam prosesi perkawinan adat Bima yaitu: (1) Musyawarah keluarga dan tokoh masyarakat, (2) Kaboro haju ka’a, (3) Ti,a haju ka’a, (4) ndua undangan (menyebarkan undangan), (5) Memilih ina pangaha, (6) Ndawi Pangaha, (7) Ka eli rawa mbojo, (8) Teka Ra Ne’e , (9) Penumpahan Beras. Sedangkan nilai-nilai karakter bangsa yang terkandung gotong royong, religius, kedamaian, kesopanan/disiplin, kerja keras, toleransi dan keharmonisan.The tradition of puberty, e is a custom carried out by the community when going through the marriage process. The aim of the tradition of ra ra ne'e is to ease the burden on the owner of the land. The purpose of this study was to find out the procession of the ra ne'e tradition in the Boro village community and to identify what character values of the nation contained in the implementation of ra ra ne'e on traditional marriage in the Boro Village community, Sanggar District, Bima. The research method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, the collection used is observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects were PPKn teachers, BK teachers, middle school students, and school principals. Data analysis using interactive models. The results of this study can be concluded that the implementation of the pu ra ne'e in the Bima traditional marriage procession are: (1) family and community leaders, (2) Kaboro haju ka'a, (3) Ti, a haju ka'a, (4 ) two invitations (spreading invitations), (5) Choosing ina pangaha, (6) Ndawi Pangaha, (7) Buy mbojo swamp, (8) Teka Ra Ne'e, (9) Rice Spilling. While the values of the nation's character contained mutual cooperation, religion, peace, politeness / discipline, hard work, tolerance and harmony.
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Literte, Patricia E. "“We Have Created Our Own Meaning for Hapa Identity”: The Mobilization of Self-Proclaimed Hapas within Institutions of Higher Education." Amerasia Journal 35, no. 2 (January 2009): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/amer.35.2.983647568174q020.
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Mundy, Linda, Rebecca Trowman, and Brendon Kearney. "OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS TO ACHIEVING UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE IN THE ASIAN REGION." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, no. 4 (2018): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318000417.
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Objectives:The Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Asia Policy Forum (HAPF) met to discuss the challenges of achieving universal health care (UHC) in Asia.Methods:Group discussions and presentations at the 2017 HAPF, informed by a background paper, including a literature review and the results of pre-meeting surveys of health technology assessment (HTA) agencies and industry, formed the basis of this article.Results:Affordability was identified as the greatest barrier to establishing UHC; however, other impediments include the lack of political will to implement UHC, and the cultural issue of deference to expert opinion instead of evidence-based assessments. Although HTA was identified as an important prioritization tool when adding new technologies to benefit packages, it is used inconsistently in the region, resulting in a less transparent decision-making process for stakeholders. Although regional challenges exist around real-world data (RWD), including a lack of capacity to enable information and data sharing, most policy or funding decision makers in the region have access to data. However, there appears to be a disconnect with the experience of industry, whose representatives identify the lack of RWD as their primary issue. To overcome these issues, both HTA agencies and industry agree that collaboration and transparency should be fostered to support the development of robust evidence generation in the region.Conclusions:There is a willingness for HTA agencies and industry to collaborate to develop HTA methodology for the prioritization of technologies in the Asia region that support healthcare systems to achieve the ultimate outcome of UHC.
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Kovacikova, Gabriela, Wei Lin, and Karen Skorupski. "The Virulence Activator AphA Links Quorum Sensing to Pathogenesis and Physiology in Vibrio cholerae by Repressing the Expression of a Penicillin Amidase Gene on the Small Chromosome." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 16 (August 15, 2003): 4825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.16.4825-4836.2003.
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ABSTRACT Activation of the tcpPH promoter on the Vibrio pathogenicity island by AphA and AphB initiates the Vibrio cholerae virulence cascade and is regulated by quorum sensing through the repressive action of HapR on aphA expression. To further understand how the chromosomally encoded AphA protein activates tcpPH expression, site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify the base pairs critical for AphA binding and transcriptional activation. This analysis revealed a region of partial dyad symmetry, TATGCA-N6-TNCNNA, that is important for both of these activities. Searching the V. cholerae genome for this binding site permitted the identification of a second one upstream of a penicillin V amidase (PVA) gene on the small chromosome. AphA binds to and footprints this site, which overlaps the pva transcriptional start, consistent with its role as a repressor at this promoter. Since aphA expression is under quorum-sensing control, the response regulators LuxO and HapR also influence pva expression. Thus, pva is repressed at low cell density when AphA levels are high, and it is derepressed at high cell density when AphA levels are reduced. Penicillin amidases are thought to function as scavengers for phenylacetylated compounds in the nonparasitic environment. That AphA oppositely regulates the expression of pva from that of virulence, together with the observation that PVA does not play a role in virulence, suggests that these activities are coordinated to serve V. cholerae in different biological niches.
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Karl, Florian M., Jennifer Smith, Shannon Piedt, Kate Turcotte, and Ian Pike. "Applying the health action process approach to bicycle helmet use and evaluating a social marketing campaign." Injury Prevention 24, no. 4 (August 5, 2017): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042399.
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BackgroundBicycle injuries are of concern in Canada. Since helmet use was mandated in 1996 in the province of British Columbia, Canada, use has increased and head injuries have decreased. Despite the law, many cyclists do not wear a helmet. Health action process approach (HAPA) model explains intention and behaviour with self-efficacy, risk perception, outcome expectancies and planning constructs. The present study examines the impact of a social marketing campaign on HAPA constructs in the context of bicycle helmet use.MethodA questionnaire was administered to identify factors determining helmet use. Intention to obey the law, and perceived risk of being caught if not obeying the law were included as additional constructs. Path analysis was used to extract the strongest influences on intention and behaviour. The social marketing campaign was evaluated through t-test comparisons after propensity score matching and generalised linear modelling (GLM) were applied to adjust for the same covariates.Results400 cyclists aged 25–54 years completed the questionnaire. Self-efficacy and Intention were most predictive of intention to wear a helmet, which, moderated by planning, strongly predicted behaviour. Perceived risk and outcome expectancies had no significant impact on intention. GLM showed that exposure to the campaign was significantly associated with higher values in self-efficacy, intention and bicycle helmet use.ConclusionSelf-efficacy and planning are important points of action for promoting helmet use. Social marketing campaigns that remind people of appropriate preventive action have an impact on behaviour.
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Maity, S. N., T. Vuorio, and B. de Crombrugghe. "The B subunit of a rat heteromeric CCAAT-binding transcription factor shows a striking sequence identity with the yeast Hap2 transcription factor." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 87, no. 14 (July 1, 1990): 5378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.14.5378.
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Mundy, Linda, Rebecca Trowman, and Brendon Kearney. "Improving Access to High-Cost Technologies in the Asia Region." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, no. 03 (2019): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231900031x.
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AbstractObjectivesDiscussions at the Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Asia Policy Forum (HAPF) aimed to understand the meaning of “high-cost technologies,” and to explore mechanisms to increase access to these technologies in publicly funded health systems in the Asia region.MethodsDiscussions and presentations at the 2018 HAPF, informed by a literature review and a premeeting survey of HTA agencies and industry, form the basis of this paper.ResultsChallenges payers in the public health system face when investing in high-cost technologies include a lack of data, especially real-world data, affordability, and the budgetary impact of high-cost technologies. Managed entry schemes (MES) are one means to enable earlier access to high-cost technologies, or at reduced cost to the system. Most countries surveyed had used an MES to introduce a new health technology and most industry representatives had experience with financial-based MES, such as discounts or rebates, with most put in place to increase access to pharmaceuticals. Little experience of outcome-based or evidence-generation MES was reported.ConclusionsAlthough it is early days in the implementation of MES in Asia, they have the potential to play an important role enabling access to new, mainly pharmaceutical, health technologies. The development of a “road map” of MES in the region should outline the intent and need for a MES, articulating the “rules of engagement” for all stakeholders—patients, providers, payers, and industry—which will assist countries to clearly identify the problem trying to be solved, and how an MES can be part of the solution.
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Grineski, Sara Elizabeth, and Timothy Collins. "Lifetime cancer risks from hazardous air pollutants in US public school districts." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 9 (June 14, 2019): 854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211832.
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BackgroundChildren are sensitive to the health impacts of environmental contaminants, but research assessing outdoor environmental exposures for children and schools is underdeveloped. There are no national-level studies examining geographical and social disparities in air pollution exposure for children in school districts. Focusing on school districts is important because they are meaningful decision-making entities for schools.MethodsUsing data from the National Air Toxics Assessment, we spatially reallocated lifetime cancer risk (LCR) from hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) within US school district boundaries, and paired those estimates with school district level sociodemographic measures obtained through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series National Historic Geographic Information System. We employed local Moran’s I to identify district-level hotpots and generalised estimating equations (GEEs) to quantify risk disparities.ResultsWe identified hotspots of elevated LCR from all sources of HAPs (called ‘total’). A regional hotspot extends throughout the southeastern USA and smaller regional hotspots are present in southern Arizona, southern California and in California’s central valley. School districts with higher proportions of children, children with disabilities, foreign-born children, black children and multiracial/other race children, and lower proportions of Native American children, had greater total LCR (p<0.001). The effect of poverty on total LCR (p<0.001) was nonlinear; the lowest and highest poverty districts had lower total LCR.ConclusionsGeographical and social disparities in LCR across US school districts may be affecting children’s health and future potential. This new knowledge can inform policy changes, as school districts can advocate for the environmental health of children.
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Wiener, R. Constance, and Christopher Waters. "Personal Oral Infection Control, Low Birthweight, and Preterm Births in Appalachia West Virginia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2018 (August 7, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9618507.
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Introduction. Appalachia West Virginia has a higher prevalence of preterm and low birthweight babies than the US national prevalence. Many factors have been studied which are known to influence preterm births and low birthweight babies. There are limited interventions that are available to decrease the likelihood of preterm and low birthweight babies; however oral health and personal oral infection control may be helpful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of limited personal oral infection control among pregnant West Virginia Appalachian women and poor birth outcomes (preterm and low birthweight babies). Methods. A secondary data analysis of data from the West Virginia Healthy Start Helping Appalachian Parents and Infants (HAPI) Project from 2005 to 2016 was conducted. The researchers determined the odds ratio of personal oral infection control with a powered toothbrush (use of the brush fewer than 13 times per week versus use of the brush 13 or more times per week) on poor birth outcomes. Results. There were 845 women who completed the oral health program within the HAPI project. In unadjusted logistic regression, women who used the powered toothbrush and brushed less frequently had greater odds of poor birth outcomes than women who brushed more frequently (odds ratio of 2.07 [1.18, 3.62] P = 0.011 for low birthweight babies; and an odds ratio of 1.78 [1.04, 3.02] P = 0.034 for preterm birth). The results remained positive but were no longer significant in adjusted analysis. Conclusion. There is a need to identify interventions that will benefit pregnant women so that their pregnancies result in healthy pregnancy outcomes.
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Vuorio, T., S. N. Maity, and B. de Crombrugghe. "Purification and molecular cloning of the “A” chain of a rat heteromeric CCAAT-binding protein. Sequence identity with the yeast HAP3 transcription factor." Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, no. 36 (December 1990): 22480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45730-4.
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Koodoh, Erens Elvianus, Heddy Shri Ahimsa Putra, and Setiadi Setiadi. "The Involvement of Religious Leaders in Conflict Resolution within Tolaki People of Konawe District." Al-Albab 7, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24260/alalbab.v7i1.965.
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This study aims to identify the various socio-cultural conditions of Tolaki people in Konawe that often engaging in inter-family conflict. The process of identifying the socio-cultural conditions leads to find the correlation between socio-cultural conditions and the types of inter-family conflicts and how they get resolved at the community level. Religious leaders are part of the efforts of solving the conflicts. In addition, this study is also aimed to determine and analyze the types of inter-family conflicts that exist and the processes for conflict resolution among families in the Tolaki in Konawe. The research data is based on two categories of informant; traditional leaders and ordinary informants that are public figures such as religious leaders, government officials within the scope of sub-district, village, and community members both at the level of individuals, families, and communities. The traditional leaders get involved in conflict resolution while public figures have experience on dealing with such conflicts and are sometime involved in a conflict. The work indicates that the conflicts in the Tolaki people take the form of closed and open conflicts. While the sources or the causes of the conflict come from tulura (speech), peowai (actions), and powaihako (behavior). The sources of the conflict then are manifested in the daily life of Tolaki people and become sisala'aineperapua (conflict in marriage), sisala'aine hapo-hapo (conflict by treasure), and conflict in social relations. Social and cultural conditions that often lead to inter-family conflicts are the difference in social strata, economic inequality, and religious differences. Tolaki People then settle their conflict through the expertise and charisma of religious and cultural leaders by the completion of melanggahako, mesokei, peohala, mombopoo'rai, sombalabu, and mosehe.
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Ramanujam, Elangovan, S. Padmavathi, L. Amreesh Baskar, and P. Niwin. "Ensemble Feature Selection for the Recognition of Human Activities and Postural Transitions on Smartphones." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 12, no. 5 (September 2021): 80–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2021090106.
Full textAbstract:
Human activity recognition (HAR) plays a vital role in the field of ambient assisted living for the welfare of senior citizens which provides satisfactory results in terms of wearable devices, ambient sensors, and smartphones. The usage of smartphones is familiar among users and it is widely adopted in activity recognition due to its low-cost, intrusiveness, and convenience. The embedded inertial sensors such as tri-axial accelerometer and gyroscopes are utilized to analyze the activities through the generated time and frequency domain features. Various state-of-the-art techniques have been proposed for significant feature selection to improve recognition performances. This paper proposes an ensemble of feature selection technique which selects minimal features from the intersection of features evolved in various other feature selection techniques. Extensive experimentation has been carried out using the HAPT dataset to identify the significant difference with state-of-the-art techniques through familiar classification performance metrics.
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Tsai, I. H., P. J. Lu, Y. M. Wang, C. L. Ho, and L. L. Liaw. "Molecular cloning and characterization of a neurotoxic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Taiwan habu (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus)." Biochemical Journal 311, no. 3 (November 1, 1995): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3110895.
Full textAbstract:
Using gel-filtration chromatography and reverse-phase (RP) HPLC we have purified a presynaptic neurotoxin (designated as trimucrotoxin) from the crude venom of Taiwan habu (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus). Its complete primary structure was solved by an automated N-terminal sequencing and cDNA sequencing method. The enzyme inhibited the twitch of the chick biventer cervicis muscle at 0.1-1 micrograms/ml and showed lethality in mice (LD50 = 1.2 micrograms/g, when given intravenously). Trimucrotoxin exists mainly as a homodimer of 14 kDa subunits as shown by a gel-filtration experiment, and dissociates into monomers during SDS/PAGE in the absence of Ca2+. However, most of trimucrotoxin migrated as slowly as a trimer during nondenaturing SDS/PAGE in the presence of Ca2+ or Sr2+. Its amino acid sequence identity to crotoxin B and agkistrodotoxin is about 75%, and its cDNA sequence is 82% identical to that of crotoxin B. Rabbit antiserum against trimucrotoxin also cross-reacted with the other crotalid neurotoxic phospholipases A2. Furthermore, the purified acidic subunit of crotoxin potentiated the neurotoxicity of trimucrotoxin. A comparison of the sequences of these crotalid neurotoxins revealed some common features of the possible neurotoxic sites, including residues 6, 11, 76-81 and 119-125.
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Carter, Jean-Michel, and Shobbir Hussain. "Robust long-read native DNA sequencing using the ONT CsgG Nanopore system." Wellcome Open Research 2 (April 6, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11246.1.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The ability to obtain long read lengths during DNA sequencing has several potentially important practical applications. Especially long read lengths have been reported using the Nanopore sequencing method, currently commercially available from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). However, early reports have demonstrated only limited levels of combined throughput and sequence accuracy. Recently, ONT released a new CsgG pore sequencing system as well as a 250b/s translocation chemistry with potential for improvements. Methods: We made use of such components on ONTs miniature ‘MinION’ device and sequenced native genomic DNA obtained from the near haploid cancer cell line HAP1. Analysis of our data was performed utilising recently described computational tools tailored for nanopore/long-read sequencing outputs, and here we present our key findings. Results: From a single sequencing run, we obtained ~240,000 high-quality mapped reads, comprising a total of ~2.3 billion bases. A mean read length of 9.6kb and an N50 of ~17kb was achieved, while sequences mapped to reference with a mean identity of 85%. Notably, we obtained ~68X coverage of the mitochondrial genome and were able to achieve a mean consensus identity of 99.8% for sequenced mtDNA reads. Conclusions: With improved sequencing chemistries already released and higher-throughput instruments in the pipeline, this early study suggests that ONT CsgG-based sequencing may be a useful option for potential practical long-read applications.
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Carter, Jean-Michel, and Shobbir Hussain. "Robust long-read native DNA sequencing using the ONT CsgG Nanopore system." Wellcome Open Research 2 (May 18, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11246.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The ability to obtain long read lengths during DNA sequencing has several potentially important practical applications. Especially long read lengths have been reported using the Nanopore sequencing method, currently commercially available from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). However, early reports have demonstrated only limited levels of combined throughput and sequence accuracy. Recently, ONT released a new CsgG pore sequencing system as well as a 250b/s translocation chemistry with potential for improvements. Methods: We made use of such components on ONTs miniature ‘MinION’ device and sequenced native genomic DNA obtained from the near haploid cancer cell line HAP1. Analysis of our data was performed utilising recently described computational tools tailored for nanopore/long-read sequencing outputs, and here we present our key findings. Results: From a single sequencing run, we obtained ~240,000 high-quality mapped reads, comprising a total of ~2.3 billion bases. A mean read length of 9.6kb and an N50 of ~17kb was achieved, while sequences mapped to reference with a mean identity of 85%. Notably, we obtained ~68X coverage of the mitochondrial genome and were able to achieve a mean consensus identity of 99.8% for sequenced mtDNA reads. Conclusions: With improved sequencing chemistries already released and higher-throughput instruments in the pipeline, this early study suggests that ONT CsgG-based sequencing may be a useful option for potential practical long-read applications with relevance to complex genomes.
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Carter, Jean-Michel, and Shobbir Hussain. "Robust long-read native DNA sequencing using the ONT CsgG Nanopore system." Wellcome Open Research 2 (August 30, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11246.3.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The ability to obtain long read lengths during DNA sequencing has several potentially important practical applications. Especially long read lengths have been reported using the Nanopore sequencing method, currently commercially available from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). However, early reports have demonstrated only limited levels of combined throughput and sequence accuracy. Recently, ONT released a new CsgG pore sequencing system as well as a 250b/s translocation chemistry with potential for improvements. Methods: We made use of such components on ONTs miniature ‘MinION’ device and sequenced native genomic DNA obtained from the near haploid cancer cell line HAP1. Analysis of our data was performed utilising recently described computational tools tailored for nanopore/long-read sequencing outputs, and here we present our key findings. Results: From a single sequencing run, we obtained ~240,000 high-quality mapped reads, comprising a total of ~2.3 billion bases. A mean read length of 9.6kb and an N50 of ~17kb was achieved, while sequences mapped to reference with a mean identity of 85%. Notably, we obtained ~68X coverage of the mitochondrial genome and were able to achieve a mean consensus identity of 99.8% for sequenced mtDNA reads. Conclusions: With improved sequencing chemistries already released and higher-throughput instruments in the pipeline, this early study suggests that ONT CsgG-based sequencing may be a useful option for potential practical long-read applications with relevance to complex genomes.
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HUANG, Kai-Fa, Tzu-Ping KO, Chin-Chun HUNG, John CHU, Andrew H. J. WANG, and Shyh-Horng CHIOU. "Crystal structure of a platelet-agglutinating factor isolated from the venom of Taiwan habu (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus)." Biochemical Journal 378, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031507.
Full textAbstract:
Platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb)-binding proteins (GPIb-BPs) from snake venoms are usually C-type lectins, which target specific sites of GPIbα and elicit distinct effects on platelets. In the present paper, we report a tetrameric platelet-agglutinating factor (molecular mass 121.1 kDa), termed mucrocetin, purified from the venom of Taiwan habu (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus). Mucrocetin is a GPIbα agonist with a binding site distinct from that of flavocetin-A (a snake venom GPIbα antagonist) on GPIbα, in spite of the high sequence identity (94.6%) between the two venom lectins. The crystal structure of mucrocetin was solved and refined to 2.8 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) resolution, which shows an interesting crystal packing of six-layer cylinders of doughnut-shaped molecules. The four αβ heterodimers are arranged in an unusual square-shaped ring stabilized by four interdimer ‘head-to-tail’ disulphide bridges. Detailed structural comparison between mucrocetin and flavocetin-A suggests that their disparate platelet effects are probably attributable to different charge distributions on the putative concave binding surface. A unique positively charged patch on the binding surface of mucrocetin, formed by Lys102, Lys108, Lys109 and Arg123 in the α-subunit coupled with Lys22, Lys102, Lys116 and Arg117 in the β-subunit, appears to be the primary determinant of its platelet-agglutinating activity. Conceivably, this interesting venom factor may provide a useful tool to study platelet agglutination by binding to the GPIb–IX–V complex.
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Chopra, Amit K., Samuel H. Christie V, and Munindar P. Singh. "An Evaluation of Communication Protocol Languages for Engineering Multiagent Systems." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 69 (December 22, 2020): 1351–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.12212.
Full textAbstract:
Communication protocols are central to engineering decentralized multiagent systems. Modern protocol languages are typically formal and address aspects of decentralization, such as asynchrony. However, modern languages differ in important ways in their basic abstractions and operational assumptions. This diversity makes a comparative evaluation of protocol languages a challenging task.
We contribute a rich evaluation of diverse and modern protocol languages. Among the selected languages, Scribble is based on session types; Trace-C and Trace-F on trace expressions; HAPN on hierarchical state machines, and BSPL on information causality. Our contribution is four-fold. One, we contribute important criteria for evaluating protocol languages. Two, for each criterion, we compare the languages on the basis of whether they are able to specify elementary protocols that go to the heart of the criterion. Three, for each language, we map our findings to a canonical architecture style for multiagent systems, highlighting where the languages depart from the architecture. Four, we identify design principles for protocol languages as guidance for future research.
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Srivastava, Disha, Rebecca C. Harris, and Christopher M. Waters. "Integration of Cyclic di-GMP and Quorum Sensing in the Control ofvpsTandaphAin Vibrio cholerae." Journal of Bacteriology 193, no. 22 (September 16, 2011): 6331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.05167-11.
Full textAbstract:
Vibrio choleraetransitions between aquatic environmental reservoirs and infection in the gastrointestinal tracts of human hosts. The second-messenger molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) and quorum sensing (QS) are important signaling systems that enableV. choleraeto alternate between these distinct environments by controlling biofilm formation and virulence factor expression. Here we identify a conserved regulatory mechanism inV. choleraethat integrates c-di-GMP and QS to control the expression of two transcriptional regulators:aphA, an activator of virulence gene expression and an important regulator of the quorum-sensing pathway, andvpsT, a transcriptional activator that induces biofilm formation. Surprisingly,aphAexpression was induced by c-di-GMP. Activation of bothaphAandvpsTby c-di-GMP requires the transcriptional activator VpsR, which binds to c-di-GMP. The VpsR binding site at each of these promoters overlaps with the binding site of HapR, the master QS regulator at high cell densities. Our results suggest thatV. choleraecombines information conveyed by QS and c-di-GMP to appropriately respond and adapt to divergent environments by modulating the expression of key transcriptional regulators.
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DONG, Xiuchun, Zhiyuan CHENG, Shuhan CHENG, Feng XU, Yanrong AN, Xizuo BIAN, and Ting CHEN. "Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of the TaNF-YB3 Gene from Triticum aestivum." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 39, no. 2 (November 21, 2011): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3926083.
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A full-length cDNA encoding a nuclear factor-YB (NF-YB)/HAP3/CCAAT binding factor-A (CBF-A) subunit of a CCAAT-box binding complex, designated as TaNF-YB3 was isolated from Triticum aestivum. Sequence analysis indicated that the full-length cDNA was 809 bp long, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 597 bp, which encoded a deduced polypeptide of 199 amino acids and is located in chromosome 3D. The deduced protein contained conserved structural domains and showed high identity to other plant NF-YBs. TaNF-YB3 was expressed in various organs, especially in the leaves and stamens; it was also regulated by salt, mannitol, abscisic acid, wounding, and cold. Moreover, TaNF-YB3 was down-regulated by short days and vernalization, and sensitive to the transfer of day length. It was mainly induced by light and exhibited a similar diurnal rhythmic expression pattern with the CCT-domain family gene VRN2 (TaZCCT1 and TaZCCT2), but not with CO (WCO1 and TaHd1). Overall, the results suggested that TaNF-YB3, aside from having a role in regulating day length and vernalization responses, might integrate signals from other environmental stresses to perform its functions in winter wheat adaptability and development.
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Gladstone, Stephen (Teeps). "A Place to Stand Turangawaewae." FORUM, no. 3 (July 2009): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/foru2009-002012.
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- New Zealand is relatively unique as a ‘new' nation. We enjoy a strong Maori (indigenous) culture and an equally strong Eurocentric influence. Unfortunately, Maori are over-represented in prison by a multiple of five times their number in the general population. In my work, I have observed that there is a need for the clinician to ‘earn the right', from a cultural perspective, to quickly build a strong foundation upon for the clinician to indicate to the client that he (or she) understands the dynamics and values of Maori Culture because they run parallel to the dynamics and values of the clinical practice. It is best explained as follows: Maori will always identify and define themselves by reciting their geographical and familial factors by naming their: Mountain (Maunga), the most significant feature of the landscape River (Awa), which supports all life Canoe (Waka), in which their ancestors travelled here hundreds of years ago Locality (Marae), where local people and guests gather Meeting House (Whare Tupuna), where the ethos of the ancestors is tangible Tribe (Iwi), the larger group which can often be scattered, but united Family (Hapu), their immediate family and support. As a Clinician I arrived at the following understandings: Mountain is their Therapeutic Foundation (Cognitive, Behaviourism, Gestalt or a blending of various disciplines). River is the flow of therapeutic models and knowledge they employ in their practice. Canoe is the means of their learning, e.g. University, school etc. Locality is their place of practice. Meeting House is their Therapeutic Environment wherein abide the ancestors of their practice. Tribe is their therapeutic community, which could be international. Family are those with whom they are closely aligned in practice and supervision.
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Haddow, James E., Boyd E. Metzger, Geralyn Lambert-Messerlian, Elizabeth Eklund, Donald Coustan, Patrick Catalano, and Glenn E. Palomaki. "Maternal BMI, Peripheral Deiodinase Activity, and Plasma Glucose: Relationships Between White Women in the HAPO Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 7 (February 11, 2019): 2593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-02328.
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Abstract Objectives Explore the maternal body mass index (BMI) relationship with peripheral deiodinase activity further. Examine associations between deiodinase activity, glucose, and C-peptide. Consider findings in the historical context of related existing literature. Design Identify fasting plasma samples and selected demographic, biophysical, and biochemical data from a subset of 600 randomly selected non-Hispanic white women recruited in the Hyperglycemia Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study, all with glucose tolerance testing [545 samples sufficient to measure TSH, free T4 (fT4), and T3]. Exclude highest and lowest 1% TSH values (535 available for analysis). Assess deiodinase activity by using T3/fT4 ratios. Among women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), compare thyroid measurements, C-peptide, and other selected data. Examine relationships independent of GDM status between BMI and thyroid hormones and between thyroid hormones and glucose and C-peptide. Results Levels of BMI, T3/fT4 ratio, and T3 were significantly higher among women with GDM (P = 0.01, 0.005, and 0.001, respectively). Irrespective of GDM status, maternal BMI was associated directly with both T3/fT4 ratio (r = 0.40, P < 0.001) and T3 (r = 0.34, P < 0.001) but inversely with fT4 (r = −0.21, P < 0.001). In turn, fasting thyroid hormone levels (most notably T3/fT4 ratio) were directly associated with maternal glucose [z score sum (fasting, 1, 2 hours); r = 0.24, P < 0.001] and with C-peptide [z score sum (fasting, 1 hour); r = 0.27, P < 0.001]. Conclusions Higher BMI was associated with increased deiodinase activity, consistent with reports from elsewhere. Increased deiodinase activity, in turn, was associated with higher glucose. Deiodinase activity accounts for a small percentage of z score sum glucose.