Journal articles on the topic 'Happiness – Economic aspects – Canada'
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1
J. Ali, Abbas. "Innovation, happiness, and growth." Competitiveness Review 24, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-09-2013-0075.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of innovation in society. It explores the relationship between societal happiness and economic growth and how innovation is linked to both issues. Design/methodology/approach – The paper briefly discusses the concept of innovation and the instrumental role that innovative people play in generating wealth and sustaining confidence and dedication among the widest possible segment of society. Findings – Based on economic logic and social perspectives, it is argued that innovation is not merely an economic issue but also a social factor that is characteristically linked to societal wellbeing and the position of a nation in the global marketplace. Originality/value – The paper offers a unique perspective on innovation and argues that it is a fatal mistake to view innovation as independent of the social and political aspects of any society. The paper sets the stage for an effective dialogue by which the essence of innovation, optimism, and economic growth can be recognized and reflected on as interrelated issues.
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Suparta, I. Wayan, and Rizka Malia. "Analisis Komparasi Hapiness Index 5 Negara di Asean." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 9, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jep.v9i2.79.
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The limitation of economic indicators in representing the level of community welfare has increased the world's attention to social aspects of development. Development progress, which has been seen more by economic indicators, such as economic growth and poverty reduction, is considered insufficient to reflect the right level of welfare. This study aims to determine the effect of GDP per capita, environmental index, and unemployment on the happiness index of 9 countries in ASEAN. Estimation results show that the variable GDP per capita significantly and negatively influences the happiness index. The environmental index has a positive effect on the Happiness Index, and unemployment has a positive impact on the happiness index. Based on the results of special effects, there are individual effect values in 9 ASEAN countries. Singapore is the country with the most significant personal impact, and the Philippines is the country with the smallest particular effect.
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Lomakina, A. I. "Socio-Economic Aspects of Maritime Location of Quebec, Canada." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya., no. 3 (July 11, 2015): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/0373-2444-2013-3-14-25.
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Membiela-Pollán, Matías, María Alló-Pazos, Carlos Pateiro-Rodríguez, and Félix Blázquez-Lozano. "The Inefficiency of the Neoclassical Paradigm in the Promotion of Subjective Well-Being and Socioeconomic, and Environmental Sustainability: An Empirical Test for the Spanish Case." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 7102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247102.
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The recent literature developed in the field of happiness economics highlights the overvaluation of income and material prosperity as determinants of happiness, and calls into question many of the assumptions of traditional economic theory linked to “rationality” and the “non-satiety” of the consumer. This article aimed to study which factors explain individual subjective well-being, paying special attention to the role of income and the incidence of social variables and focusing on the case of Spain. As a novelty, this research introduces variables such as trust or the perception of justice, among others. Based on the analysis of the European Social Survey and through the estimation of an ordered logit, we find that, in line with the theory of happiness economics, the material aspects do not play a relevant role as explanatory of subjective well-being, unlike social aspects, such as sociability and trust in people (social capital). In addition, our results indicate that in the case of Spain, the most materialistic people are associated with a lower level of happiness. Thus, it seems that the excess of concern for material and economic issues in the pursuit of happiness undermines socioeconomic and environmental sustainability by causing the “wealth destruction effect”.
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ÖNEMLİ, Muharrem Burak. "Dimensionally Decomposed Development and Happiness." Sosyolojik Bağlam Dergisi 2, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52108/2757-5942.2.2.1.
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The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the relative effects of different developmental dimensions on happiness. However, such an attempt requires an approach that divides the phenomenon of development into building blocks. In this respect, this study focuses on the dimensions of economic prosperity, good governance, education, health, the sustainable environment, gender equality, trade and financial flows, and mobility. Following the general trend in the literature, the relations between the country's average happiness levels calculated from microdata and the development indicators compiled from the World Bank data were analyzed using the least-squares method. In this analysis, Box-Cox transformation was used to ensure that the dependent variable, the average happiness levels, showed normal distribution. Our study reveals that all dimensions have the expected effects on happiness. However, the economic prosperity, sustainable environment, and government efficiency dimensions create the top three blocks of development that have the most significant impact on life satisfaction, respectively. On the other hand, the effects of the remaining aspects on happiness seem relatively minor. Additionally, handling the reflection of the mobility dimension on happiness deserves special treatment since the association between net migration and happiness is most likely tend to indicate a reverse causality, unlike the migration stock and life satisfaction relation.
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Liao, Liping, Minzhe Du, and Jie Huang. "The Effect of Urban Resilience on Residents’ Subjective Happiness: Evidence from China." Land 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 1896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111896.
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This study aims to analyze the role of urban resilience in residents’ subjective happiness in China. Results show that the overall urban resilience is a critical factor in improving residents’ subjective happiness, and each sub-class resilience index of cities in the ecological, social, infrastructure, and economic aspects shows positive and significant correlations with residents’ subjective happiness. Heterogeneous results show that the effect of urban resilience is greater for residents with higher education or living in cities with larger population size. The mechanism results show that four possible channels are confirmed. The rise of urban resilience raises residents’ subjective happiness through increasing residents’ income or consumption, improving their health status, and raising their social trust or social integration. The main conclusion drawn from the empirical analysis is that raising urban resilience is an effective strategy to strengthen residents’ subjective happiness.
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Kalvāns, Ēriks. "SOCIALLY DEMOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT OF A HAPPY AND UNHAPPY RESIDENT OF LATGALE." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 7 (May 25, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3339.
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The aim of this scientific research article is the presentation of socio-demographic portraits of the happy and unhappy Latgale inhabitants.A key concept of “happiness” is used in this publication. The theoretical interpretation of the happiness phenomenon is based on the findings of positive psychology, according to which happiness is defined as a life satisfaction and positive evaluation of his life and positive emotions over negative emotions.As the research field Latgale region has been chosen because this is the region of Latvia with the lowest socio-economic development, which is considered one of the poorest regions in the European Union - so it acquires a special topicality of problem of happiness and its socially demographic aspects.“Oxford happiness questionnaire”(Hills & Argyle, 2002) adapted by the author to Latvian culture and socio-demographic survey (Kalvāns, 2013), were used in the research paper. As a result of the research a general socio-demographic portrait of a Latgalian resident was created depending on the structure of happiness.
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Jaunky, Vishal Chandr, Jamiil Jeetoo, and Shreya Rampersad. "Happiness and Consumption in Mauritius: An Exploratory Study of Socio-Economic Dimensions, Basic Needs, Luxuries and Personality Traits." Journal of Happiness Studies 21, no. 7 (October 9, 2019): 2377–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00178-8.
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Abstract Mainstream economics perceive an individual as highly individualistic, presuming that he/she consumes goods in the most efficient way to optimize his/her level of happiness. This study attempts to explore the nexus between socio-economic dimensions, basic needs, luxuries and personality traits and happiness in Mauritius. Material consumption and happiness are projected to be positively and strongly related. This is usually illuminated in terms of the increased possibilities to satisfy basic needs and luxuries along with other motives which additional spending provides. Other instrumental aspects of consumption, such as its relative, community-based and hedonic magnitudes are accounted. Cross-sectional data are compiled from a household survey with a sample size of 1015 observations. To conduct the analysis, an ordered probit model is applied. The general conclusion is drawn upon the results that socio-economic indicators like educational attainment, residential location, family size, income in addition to the intermediate needs deprivation index, brand consciousness, fashion innovativeness, commercial interest, shopping enjoyment, hedonism, bandwagon effect and personality traits are significantly related to people’s happiness.
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Charan, Iftikhar Ahmed, Shen Xin, Zezhuang Wang, and Dewei Yao. "Concepts of Happiness and Well-Being." Asian Journal of Social Science 48, no. 5-6 (December 4, 2020): 618–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04805016.
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Abstract Culture always plays an important role in creating and affecting happiness in human beings. This study examined the predictive power of cultural factors of differences in happiness and well-being. It explored how different dimensions of cultural and psychological indices differ in their effects on happiness. Growing evidence suggests that happiness is associated with success in multiple domains, such as work, education, culture, and social relationships. We used both qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the relationship between the various factors of well-being and happiness. This study investigates the relationship between happiness and well-being in cultural and psychological resources through the concept of psychological capital, education, workplace well-being, and perceived happiness. This study compares the personal and group level cultural, social, and economic aspects of the Pakistani community that resides in cities in mainland China. Moreover, the main pillars of workplace happiness were determined to be understanding goals, finding meaning in work, and establishing social relationships at both the personal and group levels. We found that happiness and well-being are strongly associated with the behaviour of the people and leadership.
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Karadjova, Vera, and Snezhana Dichevska. "ECONOMIC GROWTH V.S. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT – COMPLEMENTARY INDICATORS." Balkans Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2019): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/balkans.jetss.2019.2.1.28-38.
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The paper deals with a topic relating to the economic growth, development and general welfare of a national economy, a wider region, or even the entire world, through indicators that differentiate growth from development. It is a complex subject that contains numerous aspects of the life of a community in a certain space, which, because of its complexity, cannot be limited exclusively to economic aspects, so because of that cannot be limited exclusively to economic or monetary indicators. Life in a community besides the economic includes also legal, sociological, philosophical, psychological and other aspects, from which it logically results that measuring the development and welfare is a complex process that can hardly be limited to one indicator. In that sense, the paper addresses issues relating to production, distribution, fairness and equality, employment, unemployment, poverty, productivity, economic stability, sustainable development, human development, a sense of well-being and happiness, etc., in the direction of the thesis for the use of complementary development indicators. The complexity of the process of harmonizing the numerous indicators is further complicated by the need to calculate the degree of their mutual correlation, especially if it concerns divergent indicators or indicators that are mutually exclusive or have a negative correlation. The issue of welfare has been the subject of economic science interest since its very beginnings, even from the time of the first ancient thinkers when it was not singled out as an independent science, through the utopians, to contemporary economic thought. The economic operation and the rational use of limited resources in order to meet unlimited human needs is the heart of the economy. The basic indicator used to measure economic growth is undoubtedly the GDP and GDP per capita. But one has to take into account the distinction between quantitative growth and qualitative development, whereby GDP is an indicator of growth. Development is a broader concept that covers growth, but also technological and any other kind of advancement of the social community. Development as a qualitative feature means the advancement of the qualitative characteristics of society and the well-being of individuals, and the well-being is not only the increase of GDP, but the subjective sense of the people in the community that they live better, a sense of improving the quality of life. Growth and development together make the progress of the community. In this sense the paper elaborates just a few indicators of growth and development that are used parallel, such as GDP, Human Development Index, and the World Happiness index, that do not exclude each other and whose interwoven use gives a fuller picture of growth and development although the ranking of countries around the world according to one of these indicators may be quite different with respect to the ranking according to the other indicator. This only confirms the thesis of the need for a more comprehensive analysis of the analyzed issues and suggestions for a more comprehensive indicator that would be a complementary set of several alternative and complementary ones that would eliminate the shortcomings of its constituent parts, thereby obtaining a relevant indicator of economic development and welfare, without any intention to propose a concrete solution.
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Stephenson, Robert L., Melanie Wiber, Stacey Paul, Eric Angel, Ashleen Benson, Anthony Charles, Omer Chouinard, et al. "Integrating diverse objectives for sustainable fisheries in Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 3 (March 2019): 480–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0345.
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An interdisciplinary team of academics and representatives of fishing fleets and government collaborated to study the emerging requirements for sustainability in Canada’s fisheries. Fisheries assessment and management has focused on biological productivity with insufficient consideration of social (including cultural), economic, and institutional (governance) aspects. Further, there has been little discussion or formal evaluation of the effectiveness of fisheries management. The team of over 50 people (i) identified a comprehensive set of management objectives for a sustainable fishery system based on Canadian policy statements, (ii) combined objectives into an operational framework with relevant performance indicators for use in management planning, and (iii) undertook case studies that investigated some social, economic, and governance aspects in greater detail. The resulting framework extends the suite of widely accepted ecological aspects (productivity and trophic structure, biodiversity, and habitat–ecosystem integrity) to include comparable economic (viability and prosperity, sustainable livelihoods, distribution of access and benefits, regional–community benefits), social (health and well-being, sustainable communities, ethical fisheries), and institutional (legal obligations, good governance structure, effective decision-making) aspects of sustainability. This work provides a practical framework for implementation of a comprehensive approach to sustainability in Canadian fisheries. The project also demonstrates the value of co-construction of collaborative research and co-production of knowledge that combines and builds on the strengths of academics, industry, and government.
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Polak, Ewa. "SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC WELFARE AND THE LEVEL OF LIFE SATISFACTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF SELECTED COUNTRIES." European Journal of Transformation Studies 1, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6882.
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The article presents problems related to life quality, life satisfaction and sense of happiness, their determinants, methods of measurement and dependence on the level of wealth and other conditions. Life quality is an abstract blurred term which depends on numerous factors. There is not any single, comprehensive definition, measure or cause of such phenomena as life quality, economic well-being or sense of happiness. Their evaluation depends on economic, political, cultural and social conditions and also on individual features, expectations and attitudes. More and more often, next to hard economic coefficients, social indicators are applied, and synthetic measures of the level of life quality or social and economic well-being are developed. The level of social development is strongly affected by the quality of human capital. The article presents an attempt at matching parameters and indicators which characterise various aspects of life quality and applying them for the development of synthetic measures of life quality in its different aspects. It is also aimed at comparing them with the current results obtained by research studies in this field. The aim of the article is to provide an assessment of diversification in the levels of living conditions observed in some selected countries – its size, specificity and cause-effect relations with the use of the listed parameters and measures. The research on life quality should be applied to the assessment of the efficiency of social and economic policy which has been currently implemented.
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SGROI, DANIEL, EUGENIO PROTO, ANDREW J. OSWALD, and ALEXANDER DOBSON. "LABORATORY EVIDENCE FOR EMOTIONAL EXTERNALITIES: AN ESSAY IN HONOR OF EJ MISHAN." Singapore Economic Review 61, no. 03 (June 2016): 1640015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590816400154.
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Professor EJ Mishan was a world expert on the idea of externalities. In this paper, we provide evidence for the intuitive idea of “emotional externalities”. These might be viewed as psychological spillovers from the well-being of one person upon the well-being of another. A new form of laboratory experiment is implemented. “Happiness” answers are elicited in the first few seconds of the experiment. Tragic life events — like family illness and bereavement — are then studied. The paper documents evidence consistent with a powerful caring-about-others effect. The paper’s results also suggest an approximate equivalence between life-satisfaction data and happiness data. Statistical offices should incorporate questions to capture people’s life evaluations, hedonic experiences and priorities … All these aspects of subjective well-being (cognitive evaluations, positive affects and negative affects) should be measured separately to get a satisfactory appreciation of people’s lives. Which of these aspects matters more, and for what purpose, is still an open question. Stiglitz et al., Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, 2009
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Corvo, Paolo. "Tourist Industry: Sustainability and Local Versus Global Consumer Happiness." Indian Journal of Public Administration 65, no. 3 (June 18, 2019): 661–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119844579.
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Sustainability and the pursuit of happiness are concepts frequently used in the academic community as well as in the ordinary language. It is objectively difficult to define these terms and their characteristics as well as everything that is fashionable and trendy (Bauman, 1998, Globalization. The human consequences. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press; 2005, Liquid life. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press). Tourism applies both phenomena, as many accommodation facilities follow sustainable practices or are inspired by them. Moreover, desire for well-being represents one of the most important needs of the contemporary postmodern society, and it affects many tourists’ choices. These features are not always well-balanced in tour operators travel and holiday offers and in the protagonists’ experience. Moreover, the economic and global crisis, started in 2008, is causing deep transformations in the consumers’ habits and is posing a further element of complexity. With particular reference to Asian contexts of tourism, the article particularly focuses on how the tourism industry has become interested in a ‘return to nature’, rural themes and related aspects of ‘slow tourism’.
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Rajović, Goran, and Jelisavka Bulatović. "Rural Village Gnjili Potok-Road Sign towards Happiness and Freedom (Some Geographical Aspects of Sustainable Development)." International Letters of Natural Sciences 19 (July 2014): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.19.59.
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The role of the village must to be first class, because are their potentials major development power future of Montenegro. This requires radically new attitude of society and science to the village. It must they are develop a new concept, a comprehensive rural development, which will be based on demographic, natural, economic and socio-cultural resources. Responsible role in the development of this concept has both geographical science, it’s the comprehensive approach should combine research efforts and results of other sciences. Rural village Gnjili Potok provides outstanding opportunities to create new forms of co-existence in response to the disintegration of family, cultural and social structures in terms dictated by the post-modern global world.
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Rajović, Goran, and Jelisavka Bulatović. "Rural Village Gnjili Potok-Road Sign towards Happiness and Freedom (Some Geographical Aspects of Sustainable Development)." International Letters of Natural Sciences 19 (July 16, 2014): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-96oer7.
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The role of the village must to be first class, because are their potentials major development power future of Montenegro. This requires radically new attitude of society and science to the village. It must they are develop a new concept, a comprehensive rural development, which will be based on demographic, natural, economic and socio-cultural resources. Responsible role in the development of this concept has both geographical science, it’s the comprehensive approach should combine research efforts and results of other sciences. Rural village Gnjili Potok provides outstanding opportunities to create new forms of co-existence in response to the disintegration of family, cultural and social structures in terms dictated by the post-modern global world.
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Rötheli, Tobias F. "A Theory of Relativity of Cultures, Incomes and Happiness." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 33, no. 1 (January 2021): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260107921989905.
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The concepts of cultural relativism (introduced by Franz Boas) and hedonic relativism (introduced by Richard Easterlin) are reference points of a theory that addresses international differences in per capita incomes and variations in the contribution of income to happiness. The pivotal concept in this study is diligence. Painstaking effort, that is, diligence, is needed to produce high quality goods and services. The downside of such efforts lies in the psychological burden that comes with the necessary high level of self-control of the individual worker and the required organisational feedback mechanisms in firms. We present two competing views concerning the determination of diligence. The first, anthropologically inspired, hypothesis states that a society’s cultural forces such as cognitive styles, organisational traditions and religion determine the level of diligence. One implication of this perspective is that societies can have income levels that are either too high or too low relative to the welfare optimum. The second view holds that diligence is determined in a maximising way, balancing the gains and pains of diligence in the economic realm. Cross-country data are studied in order to assess the two competing views. The econometric evidence indicates that it is the maximising view that can explain key aspects of the data. JEL: D63, P5, Z1
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Marceau, Gabrielle. "Some Evidence of a New International Economic Order in Place." Revue générale de droit 22, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058127ar.
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In the course of a meeting held in La Malbaie (Québec, Canada) on August 5th to 7th, 1990, thirty european, north-american and african jurists and economists exchanged ideas on the evolution of international economic law. This first colloquium organised by the SDIE (Canada) in cooperation with the SDIE (France) covered historical, theorical, practical and ethical aspects of this sector of law which covers the organisation of trade and production, monetary and financial relations, international trade law, resources management and environmental protection. The present document reproduces the texts submitted by the speakers in their original language. The first two papers aim at giving a general perspective of the variables of International Economic Law. The following papers focus on specific areas of international economic law where changes are taking place.
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Jian, Shi. "Mental Health Educational Intervention Program and Its Effects on Students’ Well-Being." World Journal of Educational Research 9, no. 6 (December 23, 2022): p61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v9n6p61.
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In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the mental health of Chinese college students. The mental health and happiness of college students have become the focus of the government, schools and society. As a special group of society, college students are in the period of personality improvement and development, and their psychological endurance and adjustment ability is relatively weak. Their high self-positioning makes their desire for success very strong. When faced with economic, academic, employment, emotional and other aspects of pressure, often due to improper handling of psychological problems. With the continuous development of psychology, “overall happiness” has gradually become an important comprehensive psychological index to measure people’s mental health. The intervention of mental health education can significantly improve the level of college students’ mental health and subjective well-being. The intervention of mental health education should become an important content and approach of college students’ mental health education.
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Koval, Olga V. "Legal and Social Aspects of the Belarusian Economic Emigration to Canada in the 1920s-30s." RUDN Journal of Russian History 21, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-3-417-431.
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The author examines the main features for the formation of the Belarusian economic emigration to Canada. The intensity of the emigration from 1921 to 1939 was analyzed, when the territory of Western Belarus was a part of Poland. The historical base of the research was the unpublished documents of the Belarusian, Ukrainian and Polish archives. The article presents the structure of state emigration bodies that were involved in organizing and controlling the recruitment of emigrants, their employment and the process of re-emigration. It describes the features of the Canadian legislation for the scale of the Belarusian emigration and the legal adaptation of emigrants. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Canadian railway companies “Canadian National Railways” and “Canadian Pacific Railways” in the selection of emigrants and their employment in agriculture and industry. The author argue that the Polish authorities stimulated the emigration of the Belarusian population for the polonization of Western Belarus. The problematic socio-psychological adaptation of the Belarusian emigrants, because Belarusians in Canada weakly expressed the national identity, is described. The author concludes that the international cooperation had an important role in forming the diaspora’s and national identity, especially the international contacts with the representatives of other peoples and the participation in common political organizations and projects.
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Ye, Liping, and Xinping Zhang. "Nonlinear Granger Causality between Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth in the OECD and Major Developing Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091953.
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Differing from previous studies ignoring the nonlinear features, this study employs both the linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests to examine the complex causal relationship between health care expenditure and economic growth among 15 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and 5 major developing countries. Some interesting findings can be obtained as follows: (1) For Australia, Austria, and UK, linear and nonlinear Granger causality does not exist between them. A unidirectional linear or nonlinear causality running from economic growth to health care expenditure can be found for Ireland, Korea, Portugal, and India. For these seven countries, health or fiscal policy related to health spending will not have an impact on economic growth; (2) For Belgium, Norway, and Mexico, only a unidirectional linear causality runs from health care expenditure to economic growth, while bidirectional linear causality can be found for Canada, Finland, Iceland, New Zealand, Spain, Brazil, and South Africa. Especially for the US, China, and Japan, a unidirectional nonlinear causality exists from health spending to economic growth. To improve the quality of national health, life quality and happiness, these 13 countries should actively look to optimise policy related to health care expenditure, such as by enhancing the efficiency of health costs to promote sustainable economic development.
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Stenstrom, Doug, Mathew Curtis, and Ravi Iyer. "The Relationship between School/Department Rankings, Student Achievements, and Student Experiences: The Case of Psychology." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 10 (2015): 019–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2095.
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What predicts academic success during graduate school? What are the experiences of graduate students in terms of happiness, stress level, relationships in the program, and feelings of autonomy/competence? Responses from 3,311 graduate students from all psychological disciplines in the US and Canada were collected to answer questions involving (1) the relationship between student-level variables and department/school rankings (US News & World Report, Carnegie Foundation, National Research Council), (2) the determinants of important student-level variables such as number of publications, posters, and life satisfaction, and (3) examining the variables year-by-year in the program to explain changes over time at different points in the graduate career. Results reveal the degree to which certain aspects of higher ranked departments/schools impact student achievements such as number of publications and teaching experience. The results also reveal a unique year-by-year progression including a consistent decrease of happiness for every year in graduate school. While the findings were collected in psychology, the answers to these questions may resonate with graduate students across disciplines that are experiencing similar forces that characterize the graduate school experience. The results can also inform current conversations about the direction of higher education and the value of the graduate school experience.
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Hum, Derek, and Paul Phillips. "Growth, Trade, and Urban Development of Staple Regions." Articles 10, no. 2 (October 30, 2013): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019095ar.
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Certain themes in historical and contemporary studies of the economic development of Canada remain important. Among these are the staple approach to interpreting Canadian economic development, the notion of Canada as a collection of regional economies, and the distinction between metropolis and hinterland. These themes are both fundamental and interrelated; indeed, they are manifestations of a common process — that of a resource-dependent economic expansion. This paper relates the urbanization and development of staple regions to such determinants as trade, growth, and economic structure. We integrate the metropolis-hinterland framework within the broader staple approach and provide a synthesis of various aspects of economic theory, particularly trade and economic structure, export-led growth of a small, open economy, and the disequilibrium dynamics of urban development — all reinterpreted within the special context of the staple economy. While our major aim is to provide a formal synthesis of the staple approach and urban development, ultimately for policy guidance, references to Canadian economic and historical development are made throughout.
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Kublanov, Aleksey. "SOCIAL WELL-BEING AND HUMAN CAPITAL: INTERDEPENDENCE AND MUTUAL INFLUENCE." Vestnik BIST (Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies), no. 4(53) (December 29, 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47598/2078-9025-2021-4-53-28-33.
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Currently, in the context of the transition to digital technologies in all sectors of society and solving the problems of increasing national competitiveness, the study of aspects of the formation of human capital in Russia is an urgent topic in the scientific community. An important factor in the formation of human capital is social well-being — a subjectively assessed level of happiness of a person, his satisfaction with his own health, safety, availability of social benefits, opportunities for individual development. The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the mutual influence of social well-being and human capital. Definitions of the studied concepts are given, publications of Russian and foreign scientists on the issues of ensuring social well-being and the formation of human capital are analyzed.It is concluded that in the conditions of modern global socio-economic trends, the social well-being of a person depends on external factors, which necessitates the implementation of appropriate socio-economic policies aimed at reducing the negative impact of the external environment and ensuring sustainable development and accumulation of human capital.
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Xia, Juzi. "A Model of Urban Economic Resilience Development with Multisource Data Fusion." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (March 19, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6490194.
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Taking a city as an example, a city physical examination index system is built around 8 aspects, including ecological livability, health and comfort, safety and resilience, and convenient transportation. Using the normalization method and hierarchical analysis method, we calculate and evaluate the natural background and operation of the city. The overall urban living environment is good, the ecological livability and neatness and orderliness of the city are high, the construction of convenient transportation and safety resilience needs to be strengthened, and there is still room for improvement in terms of style characteristics, health and comfort, innovation and vitality, diversity and tolerance, etc. The population density, the number of good air quality days, and the mortality rate of 10,000 vehicles in the urban center of the city are the highest. According to the results of the multisource urban health check, the city needs to take the problems and needs as the guide to accurately manage the “urban diseases” in the future and strive to improve the satisfaction, happiness, and sense of belonging of urban residents.
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Kullenberg, Christopher, and Gustaf Nelhans. "Measuring Welfare Beyond GDP." Valuation Studies 5, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/vs.2001-5992.17517.
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This article analyses a series of negotiations of how to measure welfare and quality of life in Sweden beyond economic indicators. It departs from a 2015 Government Official Report that advanced a strong recommendation to measure only objective indicators, rather than relying on subjective indicators such as life satisfaction and happiness. The assertion of strictly objective indicators falls back on a sociological perspective developed in the 1970s, which conceived of welfare as being measurable as 'levels of living', a framework that came to be called the 'Scandinavian model' of welfare research. However, in the early 2000s, objective indicators were challenged scientifically by the emerging field of 'happiness studies', which also found political advocates in Sweden who argued that subjective indicators should be an integral part of measuring welfare. This tension between subjective and objective measurements resulted in a controversy between several actors about what should count as a valuable measurement of welfare. As a consequence, we argue that these negotiations can be understood as the creation of valuemeters, devices that both measure and value various aspects of society.
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Pinkert, Dean. "The Concept of Specificity in US Steel Bilateral Consensus Agreements." Revue générale de droit 22, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058129ar.
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In the course of a meeting held in La Malbaie (Québec, Canada) on August 5th to 7th, 1990, thirty european, north-american and african jurists and economists exchanged ideas on the evolution of international economic law. This first colloquium organised by the SDIE (Canada) in cooperation with the SDIE (France) covered historical, theorical, practical and ethical aspects of this sector of law which covers the organisation of trade and production, monetary and financial relations, international trade law, resources management and environmental protection. The present document reproduces the texts submitted by the speakers in their original language. The first two papers aim at giving a general perspective of the variables of International Economic Law. The following papers focus on specific areas of international economic law where changes are taking place.
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Cheetham, Hugh J. "The Federal Government Proposals for Reform of the GATT Dispute Settlement System: Continued Momentum for a Rules-Oriented Approach to Dispute Settlement in International Trade Agreements." Revue générale de droit 22, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058131ar.
Full textAbstract:
In the course of a meeting held in La Malbaie (Québec, Canada) on August 5th to 7th, 1990, thirty european, north-american and african jurists and economists exchanged ideas on the evolution of international economic law. This first colloquium organised by the SDIE (Canada) in cooperation with the SDIE (France) covered historical, theorical, practical and ethical aspects of this sector of law which covers the organisation of trade and production, monetary and financial relations, international trade law, resources management and environmental protection. The present document reproduces the texts submitted by the speakers in their original language. The first two papers aim at giving a general perspective of the variables of International Economic Law. The following papers focus on specific areas of international economic law where changes are taking place.
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Gagnon, Pierre A. "The Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal." Revue générale de droit 22, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058133ar.
Full textAbstract:
In the course of a meeting held in La Malbaie (Québec, Canada) on August 5th to 7th, 1990, thirty european, north-american and african jurists and economists exchanged ideas on the evolution of international economic law. This first colloquium organised by the SDIE (Canada) in cooperation with the SDIE (France) covered historical, theorical, practical and ethical aspects of this sector of law which covers the organisation of trade and production, monetary and financial relations, international trade law, resources management and environmental protection. The present document reproduces the texts submitted by the speakers in their original language. The first two papers aim at giving a general perspective of the variables of International Economic Law. The following papers focus on specific areas of international economic law where changes are taking place.
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Jurgielewicz, Lynne M. "Long Lines at Disney World Reduced by Sunstroke! or Can International Law Control Climate Change?" Revue générale de droit 22, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058135ar.
Full textAbstract:
In the course of a meeting held in La Malbaie (Québec, Canada) on August 5th to 7th, 1990, thirty european, north-american and african jurists and economists exchanged ideas on the evolution of international economic law. This first colloquium organised by the SDIE (Canada) in cooperation with the SDIE (France) covered historical, theorical, practical and ethical aspects of this sector of law which covers the organisation of trade and production, monetary and financial relations, international trade law, resources management and environmental protection. The present document reproduces the texts submitted by the speakers in their original language. The first two papers aim at giving a general perspective of the variables of International Economic Law. The following papers focus on specific areas of international economic law where changes are taking place.
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Fehér, János, and Matthias Reich. "Perceived impacts of company Workplace Health Promotion on employment relationship." Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v7i3.357.
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Workplace Health Promotion (WHP) as part of Workplace Health Management (WHM) is an emerging function within organizational HRM. Research has investigated the economic feasibility of WHM by examining health-related productivity losses and presenteeism but has also shown connections of WHM and employee reactions, i. a. happiness, confidence, job satisfaction, and perceptions of being cared for by employers. The goal of this paper is to examine possible impacts of WHM, and especially WHP on certain motivational and emotional aspects of the employment relationship, namely the perceived attractiveness of the employer, and perceived impacts of WHM/WHP on emotional atmosphere, work motivation, commitment of the employees, and the number of voluntary quits.
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Levine, Robert. "Time and well¬being." Revista Estudos Culturais, no. 2 (August 28, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2446-7693i2p1-16.
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This paper examines the impact of temporal experience—time use, conceptions of time and temporal norms—on happiness and well-being and suggests public policies to enhance these experiences. First, it reviews literature concerning the interrelationships of time, money and happiness. Second, it reviews data and issues concerning the use of work and non-work hours around the world. Third, it describes a broader range of temporal issues to be considered in policymaking decisions, e.g. clock versus event time-keeping, monochronic versus polychronic approaches, the definition of wasted time, the pace of life, and temporal orientation. Finally, suggestions are of ered for the formulation of time-use policies intended to increase individual and collective happiness. It is a virtual truism that the way we use our time is the way we live our lives. Our time is our most valuable possession. Much of this time, however, is controlled by others, ranging from our employers to our closest family members. It is also clear that there are profound dif erences-- individual, socio-economic, cultural and national--in the degree to which people hold control over their own time (e.g., LEVINE, 1997; LEE, et al., 2007). It may be argued that public policies are needed to protect the “temporal rights” of individuals, particularly those who are most vulnerable to exploitation. This paper was sparked by an ambitious large-scale project in which I had the opportunity to participate. The project was initiated in the Spring of 2012 following a United Nations resolution, adopted unanimously by the General Assembly, placing “happiness” on the global agenda. The nation of Bhutan was asked to convene an interdisciplinary group of international “experts” to craft recommendations for policies to raise worldwide happiness; more specifically, to develop a “new paradigm for world development.” Bhutan, a small, landlocked, relatively poor Himalayan nation, was chosen for this task because of its pioneering Gross National Happiness (GNH) project. “Progress,” the GNH designers declared, “should be viewed not only through the lens of economics but also from spiritual, social, cultural and ecological perspectives.” Happiness and development, in other words, depend on more than growth and the accumulation of money. England, Canada and other countries and country-level organizations have subsequently followed Bhutan’s lead and established GNH measures of their own (LEVINE, 2013). One of the nine core domains of Bhutan’s GNH index is “time use,” which comprised my section of the report. The present paper draws heavily on that report and the insights that research of ered me. I will address four major sets of issues: I. The inter-relationships of time, money and happiness. Most importantly, what is the relevance of time use to well-being and happiness? II. Time Use: Work hour issues and policies. III. Other temporal factors that need to be considered when formulating policies to increase happiness. IV. Suggestions for policymaking: The call for a “Temporal Bill of Rights.”
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Diaz, Robert. "The Ruse of Respectability: Familial Attachments and Queer Filipino Canadian Critique." Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 4, no. 1-2 (March 4, 2018): 114–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23523085-00401006.
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This article focuses on queer Filipino artists who deploy familial memories to produce important knowledge around what it means to be queer, racialized, and diasporic in Canada. Through Patrick Salvani’s drag showSarap(2017) and Casey Mecija’s short filmMy Father, Francis(2013), the author tracks how familial memories expose the contradictions inherent in being sexually and racially marginalized within this multicultural, settler colonial space.SarapandMy Father, Francisactivate various scenes of domesticity to disturb the teleological tropes with which the private and the public have been institutionally compartmentalized. Both also offer examples of Filipino Canadian critique that resist the assimilationary ruse of respectability through economic value and ideological worth. These works reorganize the meaning of “finding happiness,” not by drawing from overwrought narratives of familial “inclusion,” but by mining the complex affects that often emanate from the histories, burdens, and pains of family members.
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Nerbas, Don. "Howard Robinson and the “British Method”: A Case Study of Britishness in Canada during the 1930s and 1940s." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 20, no. 1 (May 25, 2010): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039785ar.
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Abstract During the 1930s and 1940s economic crisis and world war in Canada worked to erode the persistent ideological claim that government best played a largely hands-off role in social and economic life. For Howard P. Robinson (1874–1950), a Saint John, New Brunswick, newspaper owner and capitalist, this trend was part of a broader challenge to what he believed was the British tradition in Canada. Subscribing to a sense of Britishness that was both racialist and imperialist, he believed the strict maintenance of social order and laissez-faire philosophy to be key aspects of the British tradition. Increasingly, however, the rising tide of social democracy and economic and cultural integration with the United States made Robinson’s worldview anachronistic within the outlook of the Canadian bourgeoisie. Robinson’s position was not without its contradictions, but his enduring sense of Britishness provides an archetypal case study of the mentalité of a conservative member of Canada’s economic élite during a time of significant changes.
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Guo, Jinhua. "A Study on the Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Residents’ Subjective Well-being Based on an Empirical Analysis of CGSS2015 Data." Scientific and Social Research 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ssr.v3i3.1182.
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Residents’ happiness is an important indicator of a country’s development and a key issue of social concern. In this paper, we found that residents’ socioeconomic status has a significant positive effect on subjective well-being based on the 2015 China General Social Survey data, regression using ordinary least squares (OLS) model and ordered probit model. In addition, marital status, social equity, and other aspects also have an impact on subjective well-being. Based on this, measures such as increasing residents’ income, increasing investment in education, and increasing social services to improve residents’ subjective socioeconomic status are proposed to improve people’s livelihood and play the role of economic and social status in improving residents’ subjective well-being.
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Cingolani, Massimo. "Full employment as a possible objective for EU policy II: Review of some empirical aspects." Panoeconomicus 55, no. 2 (2008): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0802167c.
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A contribution appeared in the previous issue of Panoeconomicus reviewed the theoretical arguments brought by Alain Parguez and Jean Gabriel Bliek in support of their idea of assigning a full employment objective to European economic policies and their coordination (Bliek and Parguez (2007) and Parguez (2007b)). Without pretending at exhaustiveness, this contribution reviews and partly extends the empirical evidence they presented in support of their argument with reference to selected macroeconomic developments in several countries and different historical periods, in particular for the US, Canada, Japan and the EU. It confirms the descriptive power of the circuit and its relevance for the discussion of alternative economic policies, in particular in the field of employment. Together with the previous article, it shows that the circuit can be used to update economic policy thinking, nourishing also the necessary democratic debate amongst police alternatives. .
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Pinto, Laura Elizabeth, and Levon Ellen Blue. "Aboriginal entrepreneurship financing in Canada." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-10-2015-0059.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore Canadian in/exclusion of Aboriginal groups to/from access to mainstream business resources and opportunities. The focus is one prominent non-governmental program, the Canadian Aboriginal Prosperity and Entrepreneurship (CAPE) Fund, designed to provide equity to Aboriginal businesses. Do programs such as CAPE Fund promote Aboriginal entrepreneurship that liberates “others” on their own terms? or are they “civilizing missions” that attempt to impose Euro-centric practices and values? Design/methodology/approach The authors critically analyze the “promises” of entrepreneurship through CAPE Fund using TribalCrit, a framework rooted in critical race theory (CRT) and postcolonialism. The authors used a CRT research method highlighting two organizational narratives, describing CAPE Fund financing in two separate ventures. The research allowed to test the theory’s use in practical situations. Findings This paper develops a postcolonial conception of entrepreneurship to address the realities and needs of Aboriginal communities. Analysis of Canada’s CAPE Fund within two organizational narratives identified aspects of promise (active Aboriginal business ownership) and shortcomings (practices that attempted to erase inequity in ways that led to neocolonial subjugation). Research limitations/implications This paper attempts to build theory while engaging in CRT research that relies on organizational narratives. Narrative approaches offer depth of understanding but are not generalizable because of the limited scope of organizations studied. Practical implications The research methods used and framework developed offer researchers new approaches to better understand Indigenous and Aboriginal entrepreneurship outcomes. The findings point to specific Aboriginal funding issues that can be addressed by other funding agencies who wish to create more inclusive structures. Social implications Financial programs that might improve the possibility of self-determination of Aboriginal peoples within the postcolonial ideal must “hold both economic and non-economic objectives in tension” (Overall et al., 2010 p. 157) in ways that typically disadvantage Aboriginal entrepreneurs. Originality/value This is the first, fully articulated framework for postcolonial entrepreneurship, grounded in CRT and applied to analyze Canada’s CAPE Fund.
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Drover, Glenn. "Pension Power: Unions, Pension Funds and Social Investment in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 4 (December 2006): 983–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906449969.
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Pension Power: Unions, Pension Funds and Social Investment in Canada, Isla Carmichael, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005, pp. 219.Isla Carmichael has been writing about union pensions for a decade. Over the past ten years, she has examined different aspects of union-based pension funds and labour-sponsored investment, including fiduciary responsibility, the role of union pension trustees, social accounting, collateral benefits and economically targeted investment. In this book, she brings together these, and other, arguments to make a case for the greater involvement of unions in directing and investing pension funds, not only to provide benefits to union members but also to shape economic growth and community development. Her analysis is comprehensive and her argument is persuasive.
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Anam, Miftakhul. "Urgensi Implementasi Dakwah Melalui Optimalisasi Potensi Ekonomi Umat." KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 2, no. 1 (December 22, 2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v2i1.804.
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As one of the most important aspects of human life, economy has a significant role to the spirit of Muslim's religiousity. This is driven by the fad that economy is on osped supporting happiness and interesting life and it is also considered o highly valuable aspect in Islam. This paper focuses on da'wa (Islamic preaching) and the economic condition of Muslims. The discussion on da'wa and economy will be more important because in the present time - where human problems are very complex and complicated, especially on economy side - doing da'wa conventionally does not give enough religious enlightenment to ummah. Oo'wo needs more creative methods and relevant approaches to achieve the best result. In this case, economy will be studied as on approach to da'wa.
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Pampalon, R., D. Hamel, P. Gamache, and G. Raymond. "A deprivation index for health planning in Canada." Chronic Diseases in Canada 29, no. 4 (October 2009): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.29.4.05.
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Administrative databases in the Canadian health sector do not contain socio-economic information. To facilitate the monitoring of social inequalities for health planning, this study proposes a material and social deprivation index for Canada. After explaining the concept of deprivation, we describe the methodological aspects of the index and apply it to the example of premature mortality (i.e. death before the age of 75). We illustrate variations in deprivation and the links between deprivation and mortality nationwide and in different geographic areas including the census metropolitan areas (CMAs) of Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver; other CMAs; average-size cities, referred to as census agglomerations (CAs); small towns and rural communities; and five regions of Canada, namely Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, the Prairies and British Columbia. Material and social deprivation and their links to mortality vary considerably by geographic area. We comment on the results as well as the limitations of the index and its advantages for health planning.
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McBride, Stephen. "Quiet Constitutionalism in Canada: The International Political Economy of Domestic Institutional Change." Canadian Journal of Political Science 36, no. 2 (June 2003): 251–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423903778603.
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The idea that Canada is experiencing a "post-constitutional" era is misleading because it is based only on lack of changes to the formal codified constitution. Through an examination of international economic agreements, considered as untraditional mechanisms having a constitutional effect, a case is made that Canada's constitution has undergone significant, but little noticed, change over the last decade. Using Stephen Krasner's typology of sovereignty, it is shown that several aspects of Canada's sovereignty have been diminished. The effect is that the balance between liberalism and democracy in Canada's liberal democratic polity has been altered, to the detriment of the democratic component.
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Baranski, Erica N., Gwen Gardiner, Esther Guillaume, Mark Aveyard, Brock Bastian, Igor Bronin, Christina Ivanova, et al. "Comparisons of Daily Behavior Across 21 Countries." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 3 (January 24, 2017): 252–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616676879.
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While a large body of research has investigated cultural differences in behavior, this typical study assesses a single behavioral outcome, in a single context, compared across two countries. The current study compared a broad array of behaviors across 21 countries ( N = 5,522). Participants described their behavior at 7:00 p.m. the previous evening using the 68 items of the Riverside Behavioral Q-sort (RBQ). Correlations between average patterns of behavior in each country ranged from r = .69 to r = .97 and, in general, described a positive and relaxed activity. The most similar patterns were United States/Canada and least similar were Japan/United Arab Emirates (UAE). Similarities in behavior within countries were largest in Spain and smallest in the UAE. Further analyses correlated average RBQ item placements in each country with, among others, country-level value dimensions, personality traits, self-esteem levels, economic output, and population. Extroversion, openness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, self-esteem, happiness, and tolerant attitudes yielded more significant correlations than expected by chance.
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Guiry, Eric, Paul Szpak, and Michael P. Richards. "ISOTOPIC ANALYSES REVEAL GEOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC PATTERNS IN HISTORICAL DOMESTIC ANIMAL TRADE BETWEEN PREDOMINANTLY WHEAT- AND MAIZE-GROWING AGRICULTURAL REGIONS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA." American Antiquity 82, no. 2 (March 29, 2017): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2016.34.
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Historical zooarchaeologists have made significant contributions to key questions about the social, economic, and nutritional dimensions of domestic animal use in North American colonial contexts; however, techniques commonly employed in faunal analyses do not offer a means of assessing many important aspects of how animals were husbanded and traded. We apply isotopic analyses to faunal remains from archaeological sites to assess the social and economic importance of meat trade and consumption of local and foreign animal products in northeastern North America. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of 310 cattle and pigs from 18 rural and urban archaeological sites in Upper Canada (present-day southern Ontario, Canada; ca. A.D. 1790–1890) are compared with livestock from contemporary American sources to quantify the importance of meat from different origins at rural and higher- and lower-status urban contexts. Results show significant differences between urban and rural households in the consumption of local animals and meat products acquired through long-distance trade. A striking pattern in urban contexts provides new evidence for the social significance of meat origins in historical Upper Canada and highlights the potential for isotopic approaches to reveal otherwise-hidden evidence for social and economic roles of animals in North American archaeology.
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Kusek, Weronika A. "Ukrainian migrants in Poland: Socio-economic inclusion or exclusion?" Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 34, no. 7 (November 2019): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094219889877.
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Poland is an important country to study when assessing migration. In fact, many scholars who focus on migration and its impact on the local economy, in relation to Poland, focus on Polish migrants living and working in countries such as the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, or Australia. This viewpoint presents a different focus by addressing the need to conduct more work on migrants who are coming to Poland to work to fulfill labor shortages and take advantage of the country’s growing economy. Specifically this paper will look at Ukrainians who are migrating to Poland. The viewpoint will focus on push/pull factors and touch on aspects of the lived experience of Ukrainian migrants in Poland. This paper helps identify some observed trends from interviews to identify future research directions related to socio-economic inclusion or exclusion.
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Rojas, Patricia, Helgi Jung-Cook, Elizabeth Ruiz-Sánchez, Irma Susana Rojas-Tomé, Carolina Rojas, Arely M. López-Ramírez, and Aldo Arturo Reséndiz-Albor. "Historical Aspects of Herbal Use and Comparison of Current Regulations of Herbal Products between Mexico, Canada and the United States of America." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 15690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315690.
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Increased life expectancy and high costs of medicines and medical care have led to the use of herbal products. However, these items may contain toxic compounds that have an impact on public health. We will focus on the regulatory aspects and differences of these products marketed in the North American region (USA-Mexico-Canada) from government websites and selected literature. Mexico has an ancestral tradition of using plants for the treatment, improvement, and maintenance of human health as compared with Canada and the USA Currently, the use of herbal products in this region has a regulatory framework. The legal framework in these three countries is related to their history, idiosyncrasies, socio-economic and cultural aspects. Therefore, there are different public policies for herbal products consumed in the region. Mexico has a more specific classification of these products. In Canada, all herbal products are classified as natural health products and the safety and efficacy must be scientifically proven. In the USA, the development of botanical drugs is very recent. In particular, both herbal products classified as food supplements in Mexico and dietary supplements in the USA may have risks in both safety and efficacy.
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Lushch-Purii, U. I. "From Homo Economicus to Homo Eudaimonicus: Anthropological and Axiological Transformations of the Concept of Happiness in A Secular Age." Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, no. 19 (June 30, 2021): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i19.235992.
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Purpose. The paper is aimed to explicate a recently emerging anthropological model of homo eudaimonicus from its secular framework perspective. Theoretical basis. Secularity is considered in three aspects with reference to Taylor’s and Habermas’ ideas: as a common public sphere, as a phenomenological experience of living in a Secular Age, and as a background for happiness to become a major common value among other secular values in the Age of Authenticity. The modifications of happiness interpretation are traced from Early Modernity till nowadays. The preconditions of the contemporary appeal to Aristotle’s eudaimonic theory of happiness are elucidated. The main characteristics of homo economicus anthropological model and reasons for its collapse in the contemporary world are analyzed. Specificities of the contemporary interpretations of eudaimonia are described with reference to the works of MacIntyre, Haybron, Hamilton, Kekes, Melnick, and others. A moral foundation and a behavioral strategy of homo eudaimonicus model are expounded and the role of this model in the life of a contemporary individual person and society is revealed. Originality. For the first time in the Ukrainian philosophical discourse, it is shown how secular ethics enables the rise of a new homo eudaimonicus model within a sphere of secularity; and it is argued that homo eudaimonicus is the result of overcoming the values crisis. It is revealed how homo eudaimonicus along with being descriptive becomes also a normative model of a new effective behavior strategy of a contemporary person facing the current social, economic, political, and environmental challenges. Conclusions. According to the contemporary interpretation, happiness as eudaimonia is a combination of the good life and the meaningful life; it is a human flourishing in this world (saeculum) through the accomplishment of a person’s life plan in the sphere of secularity. Homo eudaimonicus manifests the overcoming of values crisis and the rediscovery of purpose and meaning, this time on the secular basis. Homo eudaimonicus implies the realization of a person’s project of a happy and fulfilling life through moral behavior and socially useful activities.
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Cho, Jinmyoung, Peter Martin, and Leonard W. Poon. "The Older They Are, the Less Successful They Become? Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study." Journal of Aging Research 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/695854.
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This study examined whether oldest-old adults are successful agers. Three hundred and six octogenarians and centenarians of Phase III of the Georgia Centenarian Study participated in this study. A first model examined Rowe and Kahn’s successful aging model (Rowe and Khan (1997 and 1998)) including the probability of disease, physical or cognitive capacity, and engagement with life. All three components were applied to assess how many oldest-old adults satisfied all three criteria. The result showed about 15% of octogenarians (15.1%), and none of centenarians satisfied all three components of successful aging. Consequently, a second alternative model focused on psychosocial aspects including three different components: subjective health, perceived economic status, and happiness. Different from Rowe and Kahn’s successful aging model, a total of 62.3% of octogenarians and 47.5% of centenarians satisfied all three components of the alternative model of successful aging. The results suggest that additional criteria of successful aging should be considered thereby expanding the concepts and multidimensional aspects of successful aging among oldest-old adults.
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Schultz, Nikol J. "Light-Handed Regulation." Alberta Law Review 37, no. 2 (July 1, 1999): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr527.
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This article examines the regulations of pipeline tolls and tariffs. In particular, concepts of fairness, economic rationale, selected Canadian and American case law and the discretion of regulators like the National Energy Board are discussed. The author presents lay aspects of the Westcoast Energy Inc. Framework for Light-Handed Regulation," explains the light-handed regulation of pipeline in Texas and by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and concludes with future developments in Canada.
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Yin, Xiangbo, Christine Martineau, Isabelle Demers, Nathan Basiliko, and Nicole J. Fenton. "The potential environmental risks associated with the development of rare earth element production in Canada." Environmental Reviews 29, no. 3 (September 2021): 354–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0115.
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The development of rare earth element (REE) production in Canada could generate significant economic benefits but also poses serious potential risks to the environment. Rare earth elements have been widely used in modern life and industries and are even indispensable in some crucial advanced technologies (e.g., permanent magnets). Increasing demand and the current United States – China trade tensions provide a commercial economic development opportunity for Canada, which has rich resources of REEs, to develop its own sector. However, environmental and health issues caused by REE production are challenges that Canada has to face given that significant environmental impacts have been reported elsewhere (e.g., China). Little literature is available on the potential environmental risks associated with the development of REE production in Canada. It is important to know what environmental issues, particularly those generated by REEs themselves, may happen in Canada in the future. Therefore, three major aspects are evaluated and summarized from multidisciplinary perspectives in this paper: (1) a general conceptual model of the transport of REEs as a group in the environment is established; (2) toxicity levels, biochemical mechanisms, and physiological effects of REEs on different organisms are reviewed, and case-studies from existing REE mining areas are briefly highlighted; and (3) considering specific environmental condition and risk factors, environmental risks that Canada may face in future REE developments are identified and discussed. This review concludes with macro-identification of potential environmental risks associated with the development of REE production in Canada considering both human and ecological health. We note that ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure for workers and surrounding residents (including potentially Indigenous communities) and subarctic and arctic climate conditions could increase the risks to human and ecological health in future REE production development in Canada. Finally, future research directions are proposed that could be applied to both Canadian and other geographical contexts.
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Gagnier, Regenia. "Culture and Economics." Victorian Literature and Culture 26, no. 2 (1998): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150300002527.
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In a recent review essay in this journal (25.2), Timothy Morton considered a number of works of literary criticism on the centrality of commodification in Victorian literature and culture. This essay will look at the intersection of work in which economists and literary critics have interrogated Victorian economics and their afterlife: models of production and reproduction (classical political economy and Malthusian population theory), consumption (the calculation of pleasure, happiness, and taste), labor (as a theory of value), value (in relation to price), “Economic Man” (as productive pursuer of gain or, after the 1870s, rational chooser among scarcity), and so forth. This work, which has brought into dialogue economists, literary and cultural critics, and historians and philosophers of science, has flourished in the past decade, and this essay will focus on aspects of it relevant to the study of Victorian Britain.