Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HAP'
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Higgins, Robert Francis 1962. "Hercules attitude processor (HAP)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38349.
Full textPh. D.
Williams, Daniel Benjamin. "Hap: Uncertainty and the English Novel." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467238.
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Rabodonirina, Rondro Suzanah. "Contaminants organiques (HAP, Me-HAP, PCB) en environnement : étude de milieu naturel et de faisabilité de bioremédiation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10170/document.
Full textThe industrial revolution, technological change, population growth and urbanization have affected not only the economy and politics all around the world but also the environment. Various types of pollutants are generated and introduced permanently into the environment through industrial, agricultural and/or municipal discharges. These pollutants include the persistent organic pollutants or POPs which can develop dangerous effects to human health and the ecosystem. In addition, they are reported detected in all the environmental components including the atmosphere, water resources, soils, sediments and biota. Since the discovery of the insecticides DDT in human tissue, the fate and behavior of these type of hazardous pollutants have caught the interest of researchers. In this work, our target contaminants are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their methylated derivatives (Me-PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The first part of our study investigated the contamination level of theses POPs in the different compartments of the environment (water, suspended solid matters, sediment, soil). Their occurrence and distribution were evaluated in the dissolved, particulate and sedimentary phases of the freshwater system of the Scheldt basin in the border area between France and Belgium in FRB-RegionNPC "BIOFOZI" program. An ecotoxicological risk assessment was also carried out. The same investigations were also conducted in soil samples originating from northern France and from Madagascar. The second part of the present work concern a feasibility study of PAHs-contaminated soil bio-treatment (bioremediation)
Lai, Tram B. "Enhancements to the Microbial Source Tracking Process through the Utilization of Clustering and k-Nearest Clusters Algorithm." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1813.
Full textBürger, Thomas. "HAP Grieshabers Andrucke zum Basler/Dresdner Totentanz." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1192536265358-50176.
Full textKopuletá, Ema. "Struktura a vlastnosti nanokompozitních sítí kolagen/HAP." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233390.
Full textValois, Fabricio Martins [UNIFESP]. "Contrastes entre as respostas fisiológicas ao exercício de pacientes com hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HAP) associada à esquistossomose e HAP idiopática." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2012. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/22224.
Full textIntrodução: A esquistossomose e potencialmente a causa mais comum de hipertensao arterial pulmonar (HAP) no mundo. Apesar de semelhancas histopatologicas com a HAP idiopatica (HAPI), a HAP associada a esquistossomose (HAP-Esq) apresenta um curso clinico mais benigno, desconhecendo-se, no entanto, os mecanismos que justificam esse disparate. Como a HAP e uma doenca que manifesta-se prioritariamente aos esforcos, a hipotese central deste trabalho foi a de que pacientes com HAP-Esq apresentem respostas fisiologicas ao exercicio incremental, avaliadas atraves de teste de exercicio cardiopulmonar (TECP) em cicloergometro, menos comprometidas que pacientes com HAPI. Objetivos: Primariamente, objetivou-se contrastar as diferencas nos ajustes fisiologicos durante o exercicio dinamico entre pacientes com HAPI e HAP-Esq; secundariamente, objetivou-se correlacionar as variaveis hemodinamicas de repouso com os parametros do TECP e, ainda, avaliar a capacidade do teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M) em identificar limitacoes no desempenho aerobico dos pacientes com HAPI e HAP-Esq. Metodos: Foram analisados TECP incremental em cicloergometro e TC6M de pacientes com HAPI e HAP-Esq, realizados ate 1 mes apos a avaliacao hemodinamica diagnostica, e sem que tratamento especifico para HAP tivesse sido iniciado. Houve duas fases distintas no delineamento do estudo: i) analise retrospectiva de pacientes que realizaram TECP como parte da rotina ambulatorial ou de protocolos de pesquisa; ii) fase prospectiva, na qual individuos com diagnostico recente de HAPI ou HAP-Esq foram submetidos a TECP incremental. Resultados: Foram avaliados 8 pacientes com HAP-Esq e 9 com HAPI. O indice cardiaco (IC), a resistencia vascular pulmonar e a pressao media de arteria pulmonar foram similares entre os grupos. Nao houve diferencas na estimativa da classe funcional da New York Heart Association e na distancia caminhada no TC6M entre os grupos. No entanto, no TECP, o O2pico foi maior em pacientes com HAP-Esq (75,5 ± 21,4 vs 54,1 ± 16,1 %previsto; p=0,016), assim como a inclinacao da relacao O2-W (8,2 ± 1,0 vs 6,8 ± 1,8 mL/min/W; p=0,03). Os individuos com HAP-Esq apresentaram maiores valores de pulso de oxigenio comparativamente a HAPI, alem de menor resposta taquicardica conforme a demanda metabolica (80,1 ± 20,6 vs 123,0 ± 39,2 batimentos/L/min; p=0,02). A inclinacao da relacao E- CO2 foi menor na HAPEsq (40,3 ± 3,9 vs 55,6 ± 19,8; p= 0,04). Houve correlacao entre o IC de repouso e O2pico, O2/W e E/ CO2 apenas nos pacientes com HAPI. Nao houve correlacao do O2pico com a distancia caminhada no TC6M. Conclusoes: Pacientes com HAPEsq apresentaram respostas fisiologicas ao exercicio incremental menos comprometidas que os pacientes com HAPI, mesmo com padrao hemodinamico similar ao repouso. Houve correlacao entre variaveis do TECP e hemodinamicas de repouso apenas nos pacientes com HAPI. O TC6M nao apresentou capacidade de detectar as disparidades funcionais entre os grupos. Os achados ao TECP sugerem que os pacientes com HAP-Esq possuam melhor capacidade em ajustar o debito cardiaco conforme a demanda metabolica durante o esforco, o que pode explicar o melhor curso clinico observado comparativamente a HAPI
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Motelay-Massei, Anne. "Contribution du compartiment atmosphérique au transfert des HAP dans le bassin versant aval de la Seine : bilan à l'échelle de deux bassins versants expérimentaux." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066559.
Full textMazeas, Olivier. "Evaluation de l'exposition des organismes aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans le milieu marin par le dosage des métabolites de HAP." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12945.
Full textIn order to study the health of a marine ecosystem and the toxic potential of a contamination such as the one related to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), it is necessary, in addition to the determination of environmental contamination levels, to have access to the fraction aquatic organisms have been exposed to and to identify the toxic effects of the contaminants (toxic effects which can be related to biotransformation phenomena of contaminants). The exposure and contamination of aquatic organisms to PAHs have generally been evaluated by the quantification of bioaccumulated PAHs in tissues. However, this approach is open to criticism when taking into account the biotransformation capabilities of organisms such as vertebrates and the toxic properties of biotransformation products. In this way, the aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of PAH metabolites in order to study the exposure and contamination of organisms to PAHs in the marine environment. An analytical technique to quantify PAH metabolites in biological matrices has first been set up. Then, this analytical tool has been applied to the study of fish exposures to individual PAHs and to different petroleum products in controlled conditions which has allowed to get a better understanding of PAH biotransformation phenomena. Finally, field studies have been led, notably to study the Erika oil spill and the contamination of the Seine bay, demonstrating the applicability of the quantification of PAH metabolites to evaluate the exposure and the contamination of organisms to PAHs in natural environment and for pollution events of different nature
Rutz, Kathrin Stoller Thomas. "Der dipl. Psych. FH/HAP zwischen Ausbildung und Marktanforderungen /." Zürich : Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie, 2003. http://www.hapzh.ch/pdf/2s/2s0757.pdf.
Full textParish, Amy L. "Farmer willingness to adopt High Available Phosphorus (HAP) corn." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 145 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459910291&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textMateus, Christiano Pavan. "Avaliação do composto ósseo de Ricinus (C.O.R.) granulado e Hidroxiapatita (HAP-91) na osteointegração. Estudos: histológico, morfométrico e densitométrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-05122013-165829/.
Full textIn the study of osseointegration, the results acquired through the images analysis softwares, contribute in order to have a better view of the biological tissue/ material implanted interface. The aim of this study was to evaluate through studies: histological, morphometric and densitometric, the interactions of bone tissue / implanted materials in comparison with the control group (clot), and describing qualitatively and quantitatively the results of these analyzes. Were selected 16 rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, with 90 days of age and divided into four groups of four animals (G1, G2, G3 and G4), and postoperative periods of seven, 15, 21 and 35 days. In each animal, two bone defects were made on the right tibia, and were filled with the (C.O.R.) Compound Bone of granulated Ricinus biomaterial and control group (clot); and in the left tibia, filled it with (HAP-91) Hydroxyapatite biomaterial. After euthanasia, the tibial bone was removed, identified and submitted for analyzes. The histological analysis showed for both biomaterials, a large amount of osteoprogenitor cells and, with the advancement of the experimental periods, the deposition of more developed bone tissue. These qualitative results corroborated with the morphometric analysis, showing the osseointegration by approximation of the cortical bones. With the densitometric study, could be accompanied, by three-dimensional images and colorful, the performance of each implanted biomaterial and the control group with the bone tissue. It was concluded that both implanted biomaterials behave in a manner very desirable to be constituted as a choice of substitute materials for the bone replacement.
Miet, Killian. "Etude expérimentale de la dégradation hétérogène des Composés Aromatiques Polycycliques (CAP) d'intérêt troposphérique." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424794.
Full textSneller, Alvin. "An examination of the growth of the Koshin and Hap Dong Korean Presbyterian churches." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.
Full textTemelkuran, Baris 1980. "Hap-Shu : a language for locating information in HTML documents." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87882.
Full textLépine, Guylaine. "Étude des gènes de la famille HAP chez Physarum polycephalum." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/57512.
Full textGaron, David. "Dégradation fongique du fluorène (HAP) : optimisation et application aux sols." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE18002.
Full textFlotron, Vanina. "La réaction de Fenton comme procédé de réhabilitation dans le traitement des eaux : application à la dégradation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les eaux et les boues résiduaires." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001190.
Full textLee, John T. "Managing threatened habitats using geographic information systems : a case study of the Chiltern Hills area of outstanding natural beauty." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323907.
Full textLukic, Borislava. "Compostage de déchets organiques avec des sols contaminés par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) : impact de l'origine des déchets sur les rendements de biodégradation des HAP." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1134/document.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants widely distributed in the environment and very frequently detected in soils as they are mainly produced from an incomplete combustion of organic matter at high temperature. They are toxic and even carcinogenic, therefore their removal from soils has been massively studied in the past years. Among all treatments suitable for treating soils contaminated by PAHs, biological ones are promising and challenging as they have a low or even no impact on the environment as well as their efficiency is tightly dependent on many factors not easy to control. The objective of this thesis has been to get more accurate knowledge on bioremediation of PAHs contaminated soils, by defining, through a series of experiments, the most suitable conditions for their biological remediation mainly in terms of physical and chemical soil characteristics, PAHs type and concentration, microbial density and composition, pH value, moisture content and availability of nutrients. The bioremediation experiments carried out in this thesis are based on landfarming as well as composting soil treatments and aimed at promoting the simultaneous biodegradation of PAHs and fresh organic wastes under controlled conditions. The expected result of this approach has been the conversion of organic pollutants into less harmful compounds, due to the activity of the microorganisms present in soil as well as in the organic waste added to soil. With the aim of deeply understanding the influence of the aforementioned factors on the bioremediation of PAHs contaminated soil, experiments were conducted on a synthetic soil, artificially contaminated, as well as on a real contaminated soil. In details, four different types of fresh organic waste were selected to be added to PAHs artificially contaminated synthetic soil and the results showed that centrifuged activated sewage sludge (SS) was the most effective organic amendment compared to buffalo manure (BM), food and kitchen waste (FKW) and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW). The removal efficiency of total PAHs reached with SS was actually a little higher than 60%. Furthermore, this set of experiments proved that mesophilic conditions were more performing than thermophilic conditions, as well as the content of nitrogen, soluble fraction and proteins played an important role in the PAHs removal. Based on the previous results, the next set of experiments was conducted on a real contaminated soil amended with different amounts of centrifuged activated SS (e.g. contaminated soil to SS mass ratios were 1:2, 1:1, 1:0.5 and 1:0 as wet weight basis). In contrast to results obtained with synthetic soil, in a real contaminated soil, SS amendment resulted in being not beneficial to PAHs removal. The best results were actually achieved where no SS was added (total PAHs removal efficiency of 32%, whereas with SS the best results showed a value of 14%), proving that the adaptation of microorganisms to PAHs is the key factor for the success of the bioremediation process coupled with setting favorable environmental conditions
Aviat, Florence. "Étude d'une protéine de leptospires : Hemolysis Associated Protein 1 : Hap 1." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2012.
Full textLeptospirosis is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution concerning most Mammalians among which humans. Hap1 was purified from an antigenic zone with an apparent molecular mass of 32 kDa extracted from leptospires, bacteria responsible for leptospirosis. Immunization with Hap1 expressed by adenovirus or plasmid induced in gerbils a protection against leptospirosis. Then hap1 gene was expressed by E. Coli to product the recombinant protein rHap. This present work confirms these previous data: Hap1 is secreted during the multiplication of only pathogenic leptospires. Very immunogenic and protective in the natural conditions, this protein in the recombinant form doesn't permit to reproduce protective activity in the natural conditions. So, the purpose of this work was to purify one or many Hap1 naturally forms in order to determine the structural difference to understand this contradiction
Tarantini, Adeline. "Modulation de la génotoxicité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) en mélanges." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10268.
Full textPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are atmospheric pollutants arising from incomplete combustion of organic matter. Residential heating, vehicle exhaust, cigarette smoke and industrial activities are the main sources of P AH in the environ ment. Sorne of these PAH are suspected or known carcinogens to humans like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) which causes DNA damage. Most studies focused on the effect of individual P AH whereas human exposure al ways occurs through complex mixtures. This work aims at evaluating the modulation in vitro of the genotoxicity of P AH in mixtures, using in a cellular model of human hepatocytes (HepG2). To achieve this goal, biomarkers of genotoxicity such as the cornet assay measuring DNA strand breaks, and the HPLC/MS/MS measurement of DNA adducts of BPDE, the most reactive BaP metabolite, were chosen. Ln a first step, DNA damage induced by BaP as a pure compound or in binary mixture with other particulate P AH were investigated in order to higltlight the mode of interaction between these compounds. This study was then extended, in one hand to real atmospheric mixtures collected in the environment or inside industrial plants, and in another hand to the reconstructed corresponding particulate P AH fraction. Ln a last more applied part, suitability of those in vitro tests for the monitoring of the genotoxic risk associated with ambient air. This work emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying interactions between compounds, as well as the necessity to use mathematical modelling as a tool in the assessment of human health hazards posed by exposure to ambient air
Tarantini, Adeline. "Modulation de la génotoxicité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) en mélanges." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456384.
Full textRaoux, Christophe. "Modélisation du mécanisme de contamination par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques HAP des sédiments marins côtiers de Méditerranée : conséquences sur la biodisponibilité des HAP dans le milieu marin." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10529.
Full textBorges, Inês Paredes Castilho. "Presença de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policílicos nos produtos cárneos portugueses fumados de modo tradicional." Master's thesis, ISA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14818.
Full textEm Portugal, os contaminantes são controlados pelo Regulamento (CE) nº 1881/2006 da Comissão de 19 de dezembro de 2006 que fixa os teores máximos de certos contaminantes presentes nos géneros alimentícios. Os Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos Policíclicos (HAP) são contaminantes abrangidos pelo Regulamento (CE) nº 1881 e são o foco do presente trabalho, no que respeita à sua presença em produtos cárneos fumados de modo tradicional em Portugal. No ano de 2014 surgiu uma alteração a este regulamento, sendo que os teores de HAP foram diminuídos de 5 μg kg-1 para o benzo(a)pireno e 30 μg kg-1 para a soma de quatro HAP para 2 e 12 μg kg-1, respetivamente. Posto isto, Portugal, entre outros países da União Europeia, alegaram dificuldade em produzir os seus produtos tradicionais segundo estes valores de HAP. Sendo assim, estes países foram abrangidos por uma derrogação que lhes permitiu continuar a produzir os seus produtos abrangidos pelos limites máximos (LM) antigos, durante um prazo de 3 anos desde a data de implementação da derrogação (2014). Ao longo dos 3 anos coube aos países monitorizar a produção de produtos cárneos fumados e verificar se seria possível produzir os mesmos produtos com teores de HAP mais baixos. Como consequência desta alteração, surgiu o presente trabalho pela necessidade de contactar diretamente os produtores, no sentido de conhecer os seus processos de produção, de avaliar o conhecimento de boas práticas relativamente ao processo de fumagem e, sobretudo, solicitar análises relativas aos teores de HAP nos produtos fumados, no sentido de avaliar o panorama nacional. A análise das respostas por parte dos produtores permitiu concluir que o panorama português é positivo, sendo que a grande maioria das análises obtidas por parte dos produtos se encontram dentro dos limites permitidos pela nova alteração ao regulamento
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Moleková, Kristína. "Zpracování práškových materiálů na bázi Mg metodou SPS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401923.
Full textBonnard, Marc. "Relations "biodisponibilité-génotoxicité-écotoxicité" des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans les sols de friches industrielles." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ007S/document.
Full textThe aim of this work research was to show in formerly-contaminated coking plant soils a relationship between the bioavailability of soil pollutants (PAH and/or heavy metals), their genotoxicity and their populational effects in the Eisenia fetida earthworm. This study showed that despite a similar contamination studied soils exhibited a great difference in ecotoxicity to earthworms and other terrestrial organisms (plants, springtails). Differences in ecotoxicity of soils would be attributable to bioavailability of soil pollutants which is different between soils. This study also showed that thermal desorption applied on one of the contaminated soils increased bioavailability of heavy metals. Thermal desorption would modify 1) the nature and composition of soil organic matter, 2) the speciation of heavy metals, 3) links between soil organic matter and heavy metals, rendering them more bioavailable and genotoxic to earthworms. The biological-ecotoxicological approach, which takes into consideration the bioavailability of soil pollutants, reveals to be necessary in addition of the physico-chemical approach in the evaluation of 1) risks and 2) remediation efficiency of contaminated soils. This study also showed that the measure of DNA damage in coelomocytes of earthworms is a relevant biomarker in the evaluation of genotoxicity of soil pollutants. This biomarker of genotoxicity can be used as indicator of bioavailability of soil pollutants. It revealed more sensitive than survival and as sensitive as reproduction, which are classical endpoints measured in earthworms. This biomarker of genotoxicity could be used as early indicator of physiological disturbances, even if the mechanistic link between DNA damage and effects on reproduction require further studies
Goriaux, Mathieu. "Etude des artefacts de prélèvement et de ladistribution gaz-particules des HAP." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121595.
Full textCe travail a pour objectif d'améliorer la mesure biphasique des HAP (et plus généralement des composés organiques semivolatils) en validant un tube dénudeur préalablement calibré en laboratoire. Pour cela nous avons réalisé plusieurs campagnes de terrain afin de comparer le préleveur dénudeur au préleveur conventionnel. Les résultats nous ont permis d'observer des différences parfois très importantes entre les préleveurs notamment pour les HAP les plus réactifs (dont le BaP). Ceci semble indiquer une dégradation des HAP particulaires sur le filtre du préleveur conventionnel tandis que le filtre du préleveur dénudeur est protégé des oxydants gazeux par le tube dénudeur. Néanmoins, l'ampleur de cette dégradation n'est pas une fonction linéaire de la quantité d'oxydants. Elle semble être influencé par d'autres paramètres, tels que l'état de "vieillissement" de la particule. Enfin nous avons conçu et réalisé un dispositif expérimental permettant d'étudier la dégradation potentielle des HAP à l'intérieur du tube durant le prélèvement. Cette étude a été réalisée pour le naphtalène avec l'ozone comme oxydant.
Eom, Ig-Chum. "Ecotoxicité d'un sol de cokerie contaminé par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP)." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Eom.Ig_Chun.SMZ0608.pdf.
Full textA cokery soil polluted by PAHs was assessed for its toxicity and genotoxicity to soil and aquatic organisms. Total mean 16 PAH concentration was determined to 2634 241 mg/kg d. W. The heavy metals were in the range of the respective regional reference values. The effective concentration (EC) values based on concentration-response relationships were calculated. Toxicity of water extracts in chronic bioassays (algal growth and reproduction of C. Dubia) was high compared to acute toxicity (bacterial luminescence and daphnid viability). The Ames and Mutatox tests indicated mutagenicity of water extracts, while no response was found with the Umu test showing lower sensitivity. Germination of the tested plant species was not affected, contrary to plant growth. Fresh biomass was a more sensitive parameter than dry biomass. The results of terrestrial toxicity showed that toxic effect of contaminated soil was high, when survival and reproduction of collembola, reproduction of earthworm and survival of juvenile earthworm were measured. Different concentrations of the contaminated soil mixed with the artificial ISO or loamy natural soil were tested to determine influence of the control soil on toxicity. There was a significant trend that toxicity of contaminated soil was lower in the natural soil tested than in ISO, when reproduction of collembola and earthworm was studied. The transfer of PAHs from contaminated soil to biota (earthworm and plant) was inferior to 1, indicating no major problem in trophic chains. The earthworm bioaccumulation of high- molecular-weight PAHs with 5-6 aromatic rings was higher than the one of low-molecular-weight PAHs with 3-4 aromatic rings
Jayr, Emmanuel. "Devenir des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) en milieu crayeux : sorption et biodégradation." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0036.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are common pollutants in the soils of former coke facilities and MGP sites. In order to understand the behavior and the fate of those compounds in chalky soils, mobility and biodegradation processes were studied using soil material sampled at different depths on a coke plant site. Sorption processes were characterized under saturated conditions for three contaminants, naphthalene, phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrène, with two inorganic matrices, chalk and calcium carbonate. Study of kinetic reflects a very fast process with an irreversible retention of the compound in the solid matrices. P AH's biodegradation was tested in microcosms using C 14 phenanthrene and five soils with P AH's contents ranging from 1 to 300 mg/kg of dried soil. For this compound, the mineralisation is a rapid process, without latency state, reflecting the existence of an indigenous specific micro flora in chalky soils, fitted to degrade some PAH. The accounted total soil micro flora is abundant in any sampled soil reflecting an important microbial activity (109 to 10 10 UFC/g). In relation to an aggression of naphthalene and phenanthrene, the behavior of the indigenous microbial population was characterized. Bacteria are degrading in any soil sample. For those compounds, the accounted degrading micro flora is abundant ( 105 to 109 UFC/g of dried soil) showing that de graders are ubiquitous, and reflects the presence of a biodegradation potential at all different depths. The effect of sorption processes on biodegradation was studied in microcosm using C14 naphthalene and C14 phenanthrene. For those compounds, sorption affects the biodegradation with a decrease of kinetic, reflecting a decrease of pollutant accessibility for de graders. As a conclusion, this study suggests that the sorption and biodegradation processes occurring on site can reduce the pollutant mobility in a chalky environment
Cazaunau, Mathieu. "Oxydation atmosphérique hétérogène de HAP et de PBDE : cinétique, produits et génotoxicité." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13907/document.
Full textThis work deals with the heterogeneous degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polybromo diphenyls ethers (PBDE) with various atmospheric oxidants. The reactivity of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DalP) for PAH and BDE 153 and BDE 209 for PBDE, had been studied when they are adsorbed on a model of mineral particles (silica particles) and exposed to ozone, nitrogen dioxide and hydroxyl radical. Extraction and analyse of compounds were optimised. For all studied reactions, kinetic parameters were obtained following the remaining concentration of compound for different exposure times. Influence of the particle loading and molecular structure on the reactivity had been evaluated and discussed. Identification of the main degradation products was made for the reaction of PAH with nitrogen dioxide and hydroxyl radical and for the reaction of PBDE with hydroxyl radical. Then, the genotoxicity of the particle extracts was made for different exposure times. This study talks about kinetics, mechanistic and genotoxicity
Frouin, Héloïse. "Aspects immunologiques et physiologiques des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) chez Mya arenaria." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2006.
Find full textTitre de lʹécran-titre (visionné le 23 avril 2007). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en océanographie. CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. 58-67. Paraît aussi en éd. imprimée. CaQRU
Holibaugh, Adam Russell. "Reducing inpatient hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) using a structured oral care program." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21176.
Full textHospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) causes significant mortality and morbidity and is now no longer reimbursed by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS). For all of these reasons, hospitals want to minimize their HAP rates. Aggressive oral care (tooth brushing 3 times a day) has been shown to reduce the incidence of HAP in the intensive care unit setting, but this has not been tested in the acute care setting, in which patients are more stable, less sick, and more ambulatory. In an attempt to address HAP rates in acute care settings, this clinical trial entailed providing all patients in four wards with a 3 times per day tooth-brushing oral care protocol, which was implemented or supervised by the nurses on each ward. Six matched wards on a separate campus that received normal standard of care served as controls. The goal of this clinical trial was to cut the pneumonia rate in half, from 2% to 1%. This clinical trial was conducted to determine whether an oral care regimen would reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia over the three months of intervention in the experimental group (HAC) versus the control group (ENC) from Nov 5, 2012 to Feb 15, 2013.
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Crone, Magalie. "Diagnostic de sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) a l'aide de la spectrophotométrie UV." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00837762.
Full textGupta, Meeta. "Consumer behavior towards chicken fed with genetically modified high available phosphorus (HAP) corn." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.87Mb, 129 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428261.
Full textBryselbout, Carine. "Mobilité et disponibilité des HAP dans des systèmes terre-boue de station d'épuration." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL039N.
Full textThe aim of this work is to understand how the valorisation of urban sewage sludges on soils can play on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PARs) mobility in soils. First, extractions and adsorption kinetics have been envolved in order to study P AHs affinities with organic matters of a sewage sludge and a soil. Second, PARs mobility has been studied during a 185 days long incubation experiment. Then, PARs disponibility for plants has been studied with greenhouse cultivated plants and wild plants grown on a sewage sludge storage plateform. These experiments shown that adsorption and extractibility of PARs is linked to the soil total organic carbon content. Addition of sewage sludge to the soil leeds to less immobilisation of PARs in soil, whereas this addition or mercury addition leeds to less PARs disponibility. The use of sewage sludges for culture fertilisation as it is ruled in France leeds to any direct effect on P AHs mobility and disponibility in soil
BRANGER, CHRISTINE. "Protection contre la leptospiose etude de deux genes d'interet : hap 1 and ompl1." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2022.
Full textThion, Cécile. "Influence des Interactions bactéries-champignons sur la dissipation des HAP dans la rhizosphère." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0023/document.
Full textThe dissipation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), very common and persistant pollutants in soils from industrial wastelands, involve the action of bacterial and fungal microorganisms. However their respective contribution, and the influence of the microbial and plant-microbe interactions on in situ PAH dissipation, are poorly known and fungal communities were scarcely studied in such environments. This work aimed to study the fate of PAHs in rhizosphere under the influence of microorganisms and their interactions and to estimate the fungal diversity in contaminated soils. The dynamic of fungal communities was monitored in situ for 5 years, by real-time PCR and Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE) in an aged PAH-polluted soil and in the same soil treated by thermal desorption. The results showed that plants had a positive effect on fungal abundance and diversity and were the main driver of fungal community structure, dominated by Ascomycetes. Besides, bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from this soil and screened for their ability to dissipate PAHs in vitro. Among them, the bacteria Arthrobacter oxydans Pyr2MsHM11 and the fungus Fusarium solani MM1 were chosen as model strains to study their individual and simultaneous effect on PAH dissipation in different experimental conditions, from liquid cultures to planted soil microcosms with a complex microflora. It was found that interactions between microorganisms, notably competition, had a crucial influence on their growth and on the expression of their PAH dissipation potential
Ansanay-Alex, Salomé. "Mise au point d'un nouvel échantillonneur intégratif à base de solide naturel poreux." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016693.
Full textTécher, Didier. "Réhabilitation de sols pollués par des HAP grâce aux bactéries associées à la rhizosphère de Miscanthus X giganteus." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ047S/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to investigate the potential of Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) for PAH polluted soils remediation and fly ash revegetation. In vitro studies through microplate assays demonstrated the contribution of MxG root exudates and particularly of quercetin (following the identification of root secondary metabolites) to the selective biostimulation of PAH-degrading bacteria. To get insights into bioremediation processes and rhizosphere effects on soil quality, microcosm experiments were conducted at a laboratory scale, using artificially reconstituted soils and collected industrial soils. On the one hand, significant dissipations of four-ring PAH were noticed in the rhizosphere of contaminated soils. On the other hand, significant organic carbon and nitrite inputs could be measured in fly ash, indicating a “restart” of nitrogen cycle and suggesting an enhancement of fly ash weathering processes in the long term. Besides, the development of a soil nucleic acid extraction and purification method permitted to study the evolution of bacterial community diversity in all types of soils, based on PCR-TTGE of eubacterial 16S rDNA. Specific enrichments of bacterial phylotypes could be reported in rhizoplanes, confirming root-associated processes on the selection of soil bacterial communities. Finally, plant adaptation to the broad range of studied substrates in situ lead us to suggest that MxG cultivation could be an effective strategy for a new system of sustainable agricultural activities in wasteland soils
Chen, Kexun. "ANTIMICROBIAL RESPONSE OF AND BLOOD PLASMA PROTEIN ADSORPTION ON SILVER-DOPED HYDROXYAPATITE." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1523269330734553.
Full textLiang, Mingxiang. "Physiological and Molecular Function of HAP3b in Flowering Time Regulation and Cold Stress Response." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/575.
Full textLindholm, Marcus. "Column bolt calculation : Column bolt calculation on a 1200T HAP Raufoss aluminium extrusion machine." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för maskin- och materialteknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-11516.
Full textAugusto, Pedro Esteves Duarte 1983. "Efeito da homogeneização à alta pressão (HAP) nas propriedades reológicas de suco de tomate." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254846.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A homogeneização a alta pressão (HAP) tem sido estudada por diversos autores como metodologia não térmica para a conservação de alimentos, especialmente produtos de frutas. Trabalhos realizados com esses produtos e testes industriais indicam aumento de consistência devido a HAP. No entanto, poucos trabalhos da literatura estudam alterações físico-químicas em produtos de frutas devido à HAP, especialmente em relação às características reológicas. A avaliação de tais alterações é essencial não só para o entendimento e dimensionamento do processo, mas também permite a utilização do método para provocar alterações intencionais e desejáveis em alimentos, como aumento de consistência. O presente trabalho estudou o efeito da homogeneização a alta pressão (HAP) nas características reológicas de suco de tomate. Na primeira parte do trabalho, avaliaram-se as propriedades reológicas dependentes do tempo, em estado estacionário e de viscoelasticidade linear de sucos não processados, determinando assim as técnicas e os modelos matemáticos mais adequados para utilização nas demais etapas do projeto. Em seguida avaliou-se o efeito da HAP nas características reológicas de um modelo de soro de suco de tomate. A HAP reduziu a viscosidade do modelo, sendo tal redução modelada como função da pressão de homogeneização (PH). Avaliou-se então o efeito da HAP no suco. A HAP reduziu o tamanho das partículas em suspensão, assim como sua distribuição, promovendo maior interação entre partículas e entre partículas e o soro. Como consequência, resultou em aumento da consistência, tixotropía, comportamento viscoso e elástico dos produtos. O efeito da PH se mostrou assintótico, sendo discutidas as razões para tal, modelando-se os parâmetros obtidos como função da PH. Por fim, avaliou-se o efeito da HAP nas propriedades de deformação e relaxação do suco de tomate. Utilizando o modelo de Burger, identificaram-se os componentes estruturais do suco de tomate associados aos comportamentos reológicos. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho descreveu as mudanças estruturais associadas ao processo que afetam a reologia do produto. Conclui-se que a HAP é uma poderosa ferramenta para promoção de alterações físicas em produtos de frutas
Abstract: High pressure homogenization (HPH) has been widely studied as a non-thermal method for food preservation. Industrial assessments and scientific works have demonstrated the consistency increasing in those products due to HPH. However, just a few works in literature have studied the physico-chemical changes in fruit products due HPH processes. The evaluation of rheological changes due to HPH is important not only for process design, but also for using this technology in order to promote desirable changes in food products, such as improvement of its consistency. The present work studied the effect of high pressure homogenization (HPH) on the rheological properties of tomato juice. Firstly, it was evaluated the tomato juice time-dependent, steady-state shear and viscoelastic properties. This first part was carried out in order to evaluate the rheological methods and mathematical models to be used in the work. Then, it was evaluated the effect of HPH on the rheological properties of a tomato juice serum model. The HPH decreased the serum model viscosity, which was modelled as function of the homogenization pressure (PH). The HPH effect on tomato juice was then evaluated. The HPH decreased the suspended particle dimensions and distribution, resulting in higher particle-particle and serum-particle interaction. As a result, it was observed an increasing in product consistency, thixotropy, viscous and elastic behaviour. The effect of PH showed an asymptotic behaviour, which was described and modelled. Finally, it was evaluated the effect of HPH on tomato juice creep and recovery properties. The mechanical Burger model well explained the juice creep compliance, and its parameters were associated to the juice structural components. Therefore, the present work described the tomato juice structural and rheological changes due to HPH processing. It was concluded that the HPH process is a valuable tool to promote physical properties changes in food products
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Barnier, Christophe. "Disponibilité des HAP dans les sols de friches industrielles et influence des conditions rhizosphériques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL102N/document.
Full textPAHs are present in many industrial wasteland soils. Their remediation using biological techniques remains limited because of their low availability. This work identifies some of the factors controlling this availability in soil and proposes management strategies able to modify it, focusing on plant assisted treatment. First, we have shown that PAHs availability can be estimated by a 30 hours extraction using a Tenax® resin. The analysis of PAHs availability for three wasteland soils showed that the size of black carbon particles, which is the main PAHs reservoir, and the aggregation intensity are the two main availability controlling factors. Laboratory experimentation also showed that this availability can be influenced by rhizosphere parameters. Acidification of a calcareous soil, in dissolving the carbonated cement, can increase PAHs availability by desaggregation. Soil alkalinisation, in decreasing sorption forces between PAHs and the solid matrix, may also increase availability. Citric acid has an effect even more pronounced than the pH alone. Its chelating properties can increase PAHs availability by 40%. Some of these laboratory results have been confirmed by in situ experiments. Indeed, a white lupine culture was able to increase anthracene dissipation for one of the tested wasteland soil over a 5 months period
Bou, Orm Nadine. "Nano-matériaux hybrides pour l’élimination de micro-polluants organiques (HAP) dans les effluents aqueux." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10273/document.
Full textThe subject of the thesis concerns the elaboration of new hybrid nanomaterials Mox (M=Ti, Zr)n for the elimination of PAH micro-pollutants in aqueous effluents. Taking into account the nature of such pollutants, we chose to work on organic fragments (R) mono- or poly-aromatic, which could form complexes or transfer (p-stacking) with the HAPs in solution, given that these interactions are effective in aqueous media. In order to obtain an effective and long-lasting grafting, we selected phosphonates R-P (O)(OH)2 ligands rather than carboxylates ones R-COOH. This poject thus consisted of the elaboration of different ligands of phosphonic acid containing at least one insaturation via an Aza-Michael addition. Heteroleptic molecular precursors were obtained by reaction between metallic alkoxides and various phosphonic acids, and led us hybrid nanomaterials in a single stage by sol-gel process. This molecular approach “bottom-up & one pot” allowed the obtaining of crystallized nanoparticles (for the titanium) and the control of the surface functionalization. The performances of these nanomaterialsThe performances of these nanomaterials were then tested, alone or supported on fabrics, for the elimination of HAP (considered as priority by the American agency EPA). The results of adsorption of the HAPs on the various synthesized nanomaterials show an exceptional efficiency of materials to adsorb 16 HAPs. The nanocomposite materials (textile/oxides) demonstrated the same performances of adsorption of the HAPs as the hybrid nano-structured powders, while bringing the additional benefit to treat effectively bigger volumes of waters polluted within shorter time. Finally these materials can be recycled which is totally impossible with the usual carbon materials such as activated charcoal
Casadei, Ana Paula Marzagão. "Arcabouço de PLLA/HAP sinterizado, com potencial de utilização em regeneração de tecido ósseo." Florianópolis, SC, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/92427.
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Alguns arcabouços (scaffolds) são fabricados usando polímeros como os poliésteres que podem ser biodegradáveis e biorreabsorvíveis. Para se obter melhores propriedades mecânicas, arcabouços têm sido fabricados utilizando-se uma mistura de polímero e cerâmica. Um parâmetro importante em engenharia de tecido ósseo é porosidade e a interconectividade entre os poros. Nesse trabalho, o método de sinterização foi testado utilizando-se o compósito a base de poli(L-ácido láctico) e hidroxiapatita para obtenção de arcabouços porosos. A caracterização foi realizada utilizando-se microscopia eletrônica de varredura, análise de porosidade e teste de resistência à compressão. Utilizou-se para o PLLA duas faixas granulométricas, 106-212 e 212-300 µm. Para a hidroxiapatita foram utilizadas partículas nanométricas e fibras com razão de aspecto próximo a 40. As concentrações mássicas utilizadas para o compósito PLLA/Hap variaram nas proporções de 90/10, 80/20, 70/30%. A partir da combinação dessas variáveis, constituiu-se um grupo de estudo contendo 12 combinações diferentes. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as amostras que utilizaram fibras de hidroxiapatita apresentaram tempo de programação isotérmica aproximadamente 4 vezes menor do que as amostras que utilizaram partículas. Esse tempo aumentou em função do aumento do tamanho de partícula polimérica devido à redução da energia de superfície e mobilidade atômica das partículas, e em função do aumento da concentração de hidroxiapatita, que atuou como barreira mecânica dificultando o processo de sinterização. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que é possível controlar o processo de sinterização para obtenção de matrizes tridimensionais. Foram obtidas amostras com poros interconectados, tamanho de poro variando entre 150 e 350 µm e porosidade entre 48 e 61%, sendo que as formulações que utilizaram partículas apresentaram maior porosidade. A resistência mecânica média variou entre 1,7 e 12MPa, valores semelhantes ao do osso trabecular, que varia entre 2 e 12MPa.
Capps, Denise. "The Regulation of NAP4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/116.
Full textMadrid, Xufré Cristina. "Mutacions "hha" i "hap": increment de l'expressió de proteïnes heteròlogues clonades a "Escherichia coli", Les." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2409.
Full textEl treball que es presenta en aquesta Tesi comprèn diferents aspectes relacionats amb la mutació "hha", especialment pel que fa referència al seu paper regulant l'expressió gènica a "E.coli" i a la utilització d'aquesta mutació i d'altres amb la finalitat d'augmentar la producció de proteïnes heteròlogues.
Una part del treball es va centrar en l'estudi de diferents aspectes del gen "hha". Aquest gen ha estat identificat en funció del seu paper en la modulació de l'expressió de l'alfa-hemolisina clonada al plàsmid multicòpia pANN202·312 (Godessari el al., 1988). Les soques portadores de mutacions en el gen "hha" lenen incrementada la sinlesi d'hemolisina, Aquesta mutació és pleotròpica, causant efectes similars sobre l'expressió d'algunes proteïnes heteròlogues clonades (Nieto et al., 1987; Blanco et al., 1991; Carmona, Tesi Docloral, 1992). El gen "hha" codifica per la proteïna Hha, d'un pes molecular d'aproximadament 8 kDa. Aquesta proteïna està implicada en els mecanismes de regulació de l'expressió de l'hemolisina, acluant a nivell transcripcional. Els darrers estudis sobre el mecanisme pel qual la proteïna Hha modula l'expressió de l'hemolisina suggereixen que la regulació està relacionada amb canvis en la topologia del DNA (Carmona, Tesi Doctoral, 1992). La comparació de les seqüències d'aminoàcids de la proteïna YmoA de "y. enterocolitica" (Cornelis et al" 1991) i de la proteïna Hha va permetre trobar un elevat grau d'homologia. La proteïna YmoA exerceix un paper en la regulació per temperatura de l'expressió de determinats gens implicats en la virulència d'aquesta bactèria. Resultats preliminars semblen indicar que aquesta regulació es produiria per canvis en el grau de superenrotllament del DNA.
S'ha postulat que aquestes dues proleïnes, Hha i YmoA, formarien part d'una nova familia de proteïnes que modularien l'expressió gènica per canvis conformacionals en el DNA (De La Cruz et al., 1992).
En aquest treball s'han completat i comprovat diferents aspectes relacionats amb la caracterització del gen Ma. Mitjançant la utilització de sondes del gen marcades i les tècniques d'amplificació de DNA per la metodologia de la PCR, s'ha localitzat el gen "hha" al cromosoma d'E.coli. A més a més, s'han realitzat estudis enfocats a determinar quina és la distribució d'aquest gen entre diferents soques d'E. coli i d'altres géneres d'enterobactéries: S. typhimurium, S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae i Y. enlerocolitica. Els resultats mostren una distribució pràcticament homogénia entre les soques d'E.coli que s'han utilitzat, mentre que no és detectable a pràcticament cap altra soca d'enterobacléria. El gen "hha" només ha estat detectat a la soca C3 de K. pneumoniae i a la soca V754 de y. enterocolitica. Tenint en compte que tolo i que les proteïnes Hha i YmoA presenten un elevat grau d'homologia, les sondes del gen "hha" no proporcionen senyals d'hibridació amb el cromosoma de Y.enterocolitica, es qüestiona la utililzació de les tècniques d'hibridació de tipus "Southern" i de PCR com a sistemes de detecció de la producción de proteïnes semblants a Hha o YmoA en els microorganismes analitzats.
Donat l'efecte pleotrópic de la mutació "hha", i amb la finalital de modificar el fons genétic d'una soca d'E.coli per tal d'optimitzar l'expressió de proleïnes clonades, es va plantejar l'obtenció de la mutació "hha" a una soca d' E.coli amb genotip recA, ja que les soques "hha" de les que es disposava fins el moment no eren delicients per les funcions de recombinació homòloga, el que pot implicar la inestabilitat dels plàsmids portadors dels gens que es volen expressar. Utilitzant el transposó TnS com a element mutagènic, es van obtenir mutants hha derivats de la soca HB l01. La caracterització d'aquests clons va conduir a l'observaci6 d'un fenomen inesperat. En les successives ressembres de clons "hha" apareixien colònies no productores d'hemolisina. L'estudi d'aquest tipus de clons va permetre determinar que el seu origen es devia a transposicions secundàries de TnS des de la inserció inicial al gen hha cap al gen hlyA, gen estructural de l'hemolisina clonada a pANN202·312. Aquestes insercions impedeixen la sintesi de la toxina i causen el fenotip no productor d'hemolisina.
L'expressió de proteïnes clonades a E.coli és dependent dels mecanismes de regulación de l'expressió gènica d'aquest microorganisme, Aquests mecanismes poden actuar a nivell transcripcional, a nivel d'estabilitat del missatger, a nivel traduccional i a nivell post-traduccional. En aquest darrer nivell s'inclouen els mecanismes de modificactó post-traduccional, que condueixen a la formació de la proteïna activa, o el transport de la proteïna a la seva localització especifica. Però en aquest mateix nivell també es produeixen fenòmens de degradació proteolitica; aquests mecanismes tenen especial importànica quan es volen expressar proteïnes heteròlogues clonades a E.coli, ja que majoritàriament aquestes proteïnes són degradades. A E.coli es coneixen diferents proteases, però se'n sap molt poc del seu paper en la degradació de proteïnes helerologues, i a més en pocs casos s'han relacionat amb el gen que les codifica (Miller, 1987; Gotessman, 1987). Amb la finalitat d'optimitzar una soca d'E.coli per l'expressió de proteïnes heteròlogues, una part d'aquest treball ha consistit en l'intent de localitzar per mutagènesi gens que codifiquin per proteases intracel.lulars. Per això es va triar un model de proteïna heteròloga que és degradada quan s'expressa a E.coli, la proteïna quimèrica ABI508 clonada al plàsmid pJMKam4 (Bishai el al., 1987). Per l'expressió d'aquesta proteïna es va utilitzar la soca d' E.coli Hha·2 ("hha"), ja que l'expressió de la proteïna ABIS08 també és afectada per la pleotropia d'aquesta mutació, produïnt·se un increment de la seva síntesi (Carmona, Tesi Doctoral, 1992). S'ha posat a punt una metodogia de detecció de clons defectius en activitats proteolitiques intracel.lulars. Malgrat els resultats no han conduït a la identificació de cap mutació que afecti alguna proteasa intracel.lular, la metodologia s'ha mostrat vàlida per aquesta finalitat.
D'altra banda es pretenia cercar altres mutacions, diferents d'hha, que afectin gens que modulin l'expressió de proteïnes heteròlogues, de manera que mutacions en aquests gens puguin proporcionar un augment de la seva expressió. Es va triar un model de proteïna heteròloga expressada a E.coli, l'aerolisina d'Aeromonas hydrophila, toxina amb activitat hemolitica, clonada al plàsmid multicòpia pHPC3·700 (Chakraborty el al., 1986; Nieto el al., 1987). Aquesla toxina és secretada al medi extern a "Aeromonas hydrophila" seguint la via de la seqüència senyal. Quan s'expressa a E.coli, l'aerolisina s'acumula al periplasma (Chakraborty el al., 1986; Howard i Buckley, 1986).
Es van fer experiments de mulagènesi de la soca d' E.coli 5K (pHPC3·700) amb Tn5, amb la finalitat de trobar mutacions que poguessin afectar la sintesi o secreció de l'aerolisina. Els experiments de mutagènesi van conduir a l'obtenció de dos mutants, denominats hap-6 i hap-9 (hap per "high aerolysin production"), que presentaven, a diferència de la soca parental, grans halos d'hemòlisi en plaques d'agar-sang. La caracterització preliminar i el mapatge aproximat de les dues mutacions va mostrar que es tractava de mutacions diferents, pel que es va decidir caracteritzar únicament la mutació hap-9, S'ha estudiat l'expressió d'aerolisina per part de la soca mutant CM209 (hap·9). S'ha comprovat que aquesta mutació modifica tant la sintesi d'aquesta proteïna com la seva secreció al medi extern. S'ha demostrat que la sortida d'aerolisina al medi extern no és deguda a una secreció real de la proteïna, ja que va acompanyada de la presència de determinats enzims periplasmàtics al medi extern. S'ha constatat que l'augment en la producción és moderat, aproximadametl de 1,35 vegades més respecte la soca parental. D'altra banda, l'anàlisi de les envoltes de la soca mutant ha permès constatar que a la membrana externa de les cèl.lules de la soca CM209 hi manca la proteïna LamB, present als extractes de la soca parental.
Així mateix, s'ha pogut observar que l'expressió de l'aerolisina, en el cas de la soca CM209, altera la composició de la membrana externa, afectant la presència i quantitat d'algunes proteïnes de baix pes molecular. També ha estat evidenciada la pleotropia de la mulació "hap-g", demostrant que l'expressió d'una altra proteïna heteróloga, una endoglucanasa de Bacillus polymyxa, està incrementada a la soca CM209.
El mapatge de la mutació "hap-g" per conjugació amb soques Hfr::Tn10 i cotransducció de marcadors amb PI , va permetre localitzar la mitació al minut 16,7 del mapa de lligament del cromosoma d'E.coli, L'estudi dels gens censats en aquesta regió va suggerir que els unics gens que podrien estar relacionats amb la mutació "hap·g" eren els gens tolQRAB. Ha estat descrit que mutacions en aquests gens presenten diversos efectes pleotròpics, entre els que cal destacar l'alliberament de proteïnes periplasmàtiques al medi extern (mutacions "Leary", Webster, 1991). Tant l'anàlisi de l'expressió de l'aerolisina a soques mutants pels gens tolA i tolB, com l'espectre de resistències a colicines de la soca CM209, suggereix que la mutació hap-9 correspon a una mutació en un dels gens tolQ, tolR o tolA. Ja ha estat descrit que mutacions en aquests gens poden causar efectes pleotrópics en l'alliberament de proteïnes periplasmàtiques, i que aquesl electe ptl anar acompanyat d'un moderat increment en la seva sintesi (Fognini-Lelebvre i Ponalier, 1984).
Com a part final del treball, s'ha intentat la construcció d'una soca d'E.coli en la que fa combinació de les mutacions hha i hap·9 pugui contribuir a optimitzar l'expressió de proteïnes heterólogues clonades.
In this work we have studied different aspects concerning the "hha" mutation, and other mutations that could cause an increase in the expression of heterologous proteins cloned into "Escherichia coli". The "hha" gene is involved in regulatory mechanisms of gene expression by changing DNA topology. We have studied the "hha" gene distribution between different strains of "E.coli" and other enteric bacteries: S. typhimurium, S. marcescens, K .pneumoniae and Y. enterocolitica. There is a homology of 83% between the Hha protein and YmoA protein of Y. enterocolilica. Using hybridization and PCR techniques, we have detected the "hha" gene in most of "E.coli" strains, in C3 strain of K. pneumoniae and Y754 strain of Y.enterocolilica. Furthermore, we have isolated mutants "hha" in HB101 (recA), by Tn5 mutagenesis. This study has allowed us to determine a phenomenon of instability of Tn5 insertions in the "hha" gene.
On the other hand, we have developed a methodology in order 10 select mutants in intracellular protease activity. In this work we have isolated a mutation, named "hap-9", that increases the expression of the aerolysin of Aeromonas hydrophila cloned into E. coli. This mutation, which causes a leaky phenotype, was mapped near minute 17.
This suggests us a relation between this mutation and tolQRAB genes. The sensibility to colicins of CM209 strain (hap-9) and the expression of aerolysin in mutant strains in "Tol" genes, indicates that the "hap-9" mutation is caused by an insertion of Tn5 in the gene cluster tolQRA. In addition, we have constructed a strain carrying both the "hha" and the "hap-g" mutations, in order to obtain a strain with optimized expression of heterologous proteins cloned into "E.coli".
Jouannin, Frédéric. "Etude de la mobilité des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) contenus dans un sol industriel pollué." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0036/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the mobility of PAH contained in a polluted industrial soil. After having established the physical and chemical features of the soil, the various lixiviation tests have revealed that both dissolved and particulate pollutants were concerned by the mobility of PAH. In spite of a heavy pollution of the soil, the release of dissolved PAH is limited particularly when the temperature during lixiviation is about 15°C. On the opposite, the release is quite significant when the particulate part is taken into account. The study revealed that the release of the dissolved part is regular, even with time whereas is temporary. It occurs when ionic strength of the leaching is low enough and it ends when there is no more particulate PAH in the soil