Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Handicap – Sociologie – France'
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Boudinet, Mathéa. "Quand le genre travaille le handicap : enquête sur l'articulation entre handicap et genre sur le marché de l'emploi en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IEPP0006.
What does belonging to several dominated social categories imply concerning the occupied positions on the labour market? This thesis studies the implications of the intersection of gender and disability on the labour market and in employment, by focusing on the specific case of disabled women. The study relies on mixed methods : it uses 51 individual biographical interviews with people with a visual or motor impairment or a chronic illness, and analyses the 2018 wave of the INSEE 'Emploi en continu' survey. The thesis highlights the inequalities between disabled and able-bodied people and their variations according to gender, both on the labour market (rates of employment, unemployment and inactivity, job searches) and in employment (horizontal and vertical job segregation, differentiated working conditions, discrimination). It underlines the importance of the gendered division of labour for disabled people, and highlights the importance of additional forms of work for them: health work - all the constraining activities relating to care and health management on an individual scale - and disability work, which corresponds to activities linked to the social dimension of disability. The thesis contributes to a sociology of intersectionality, through its dialogues between fields of literature
Meziani, Martial. "Boxe en France et capoeira au Brésil pour les personnes handicapées : intégrer, inclure, adapter : entremêlements entre fonction sociale et intérêt personnel." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H027.
The purpose of this study is a comparison, following two ethnographic investigations, opportunities for full integration of disabled people in the boxing in France and of capoeira in Brazil. Courses for this population are open so specialized or inclusive. Through these initiatives, teachers and coaches get a better reputation, better income and an expanded network of contacts. At the same time, there is an integration of disabled people on both sides of the Atlantic, the symbolic violence making a selection through knowledge transfer. Ultimately, the analysis shows that the way to see the world of boxing and capoeira encourages them to act so that a maximum number of individuals is an advantage that it is the institutional actors, students with disabilities, or not and themselves. However, this does not prevent conflicts appear showing the tension between three points of view on disability : segregation, inclusion and selective integration. Indeed, the latter existing in two activities studied use of symbolic violence as the two previous attempts in the opposite way to minimize it
Winance, Myriam. "Thèse et prothèse : le processus d'habilitation comme fabrication de la personne : l'association Française contre les Myopathies faces au handicap." Paris, ENMP, 2001. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089008.
The French Muscular Dystrophy Association (AFM) gathers together families whose one member is touched by a neuromuscular disease. This Association supports scientific research and helps families in their daily life. In my dissertation, I focus on the second aspect. I analyse the way the AFM faces disability and its action to include disabled people in the city. I describe three dispositives used to include disabled people into the city: the technical dispositive (wheelchair), the discursive one (theoretical model about disability, the journal of the AFM) and the institutional one (traditional institution, rehabilitation centre, adapted apartments). I show how through a long adjustment to those dispositives, the person is made up and gets new abilities. I call this process the "habilitation". When the dispositive becomes what makes the person, it becomes a prosthesis. Describing this process, I describe both the history of the AFM (the dissertation contributes to the sociology of associations and social movements) and the journey of the disabled persons (the dissertation used the contribution of the anthropology of the body, the sociology of medicine and the sociology of disability). The dissertation has three aims. First, I develop a sociology of disability in answering to the question : how to include disabled people in the city and how to make possible the life together ? Second, I develop a general sociology in asking the question : what is the person ? My argument is that the person does not exist by itself but is made up through the links, the adjustment, with some equipment which become prosthesis. Finally, I build a methodological and political reflection. The researcher has to find the equipment s/he needs to legitimate his/her research and to make it useful for the ones s/he has worked with. The journey I describe is not only the one of the AFM and the one of the disabled people but also mine own, the journey of my own "habilitation"
Cambon-Palazzo, Clémence. "Evaluation de la contribution des maladies musculosquelettiques au handicap en France à partir de l'enquête Handicap-santé." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC018.
Introduction : Representative national data on disability are becoming increasingly important in helping policymakers decide on public health strategies. Objective : to assess the contribution of rheumatologic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) to disability in France 1) comparing disabilities attributable to RMDs to disabilities attributable to other chronic disorders, 2) evaluating disabilities encountered in different Methods : Data on diseases and on disability for 29,931 subjects living in households were extracted from the national 2008-2009 Disability-Health Survey results. A weighting factor was applied to obtain representative estimates for the French population. Diagnosis and disabilities were self-reported. In the first part, disability was defined as at least one restriction in activities of daily living (ADL), severe disability as the inability to perform at least one ADL atone, and self-reported disability as a general feeling of being disabled. In the second part, we used the core set of disability categories for RMDs of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for analysis. To account for comorbidities, we assessed the contribution of each chronic disorder to disability by using the average attributable fraction (AAF). This could be defined as the proportion of disability that could be avoided eliminating the disease. Results: Neurological, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular chronic disorders mainly contribute to disability in France. Neurological and musculoskeletal diseases had the largest impact on disability (AAF 17. 4% and 16. 4%, respectively). Neurological disorders contributed the most to severe disability (AAF 31. 0%). Musculoskeletal and sensorial impairments contributed the most to self-reported disability (AAF 15. 4% and 12. 3%). Cardiovascular conditions were also among the top four contributors to disability categories (AAFs 8. 5%-11. 1%). Overall, 27. 7% (about 17. 3 million people) (95% CI 26. 9-28. 4%) of the population reported having at least one RMD. The most prevalent RMDs were low back pain (12. 5%, 12. 1-13. 1) and osteoarthritis (12. 3%, 11. 8-12. 7). Osteoarthritis was the main contributor to activity limitations (AAF 22% for walking difficulties, 18. 6% for difficulties in carrying objects, and 12. 8% for difficulties in dressing were attributable to OA). OA was also a contributor to need for human assistance (9. 2% of the need for help from immediate family, 11. 8% of the need for help from health professionals were attributable to OA), and to health service delivery (AAF 8. 9%). Changing jobs was mainly attributed to neck pain (AAF 13%) and low back pain (11. 5%). Conclusion : Our findings provide an overview of disabilities attributable to chronic diseases and RMDs in France. They may help to convince policymakers of the need to focus on RMDs to improve population health
Blatgé, Marion. "Apprendre le handicap visuel : la prise en charge de personnes déficientes visuelles par des institutions spécialisées." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010671.
Lantz, Elise. "Des marginalités encadrées : étude des rapports au handicap dans différentes configurations associatives du monde du cirque contemporain français." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON14001.
The contemporary circus emerged in France during the late 70s and so far it has taken up a marginal position. Itsframework reveals the ambivalent relationship between society and disability.A research approach in which disability is the result of interaction between individuals and their environments wasadopted. We conducted a wide angle quantitative study about circus associations throughout France, followed by aqualitative study centered on eleven circus associations. We established four relationship patterns with respect todissimilarities: some associations organize a Clustering and segregation, that separates people with intellectual disabilitiesfrom other participants, with the creation of a specialized circus programs; a majority of associations also accepts theparticipation of people who carries low impact disabilities in normalized circus practices, by a process of assimilation,reflecting a Behavioral prioritization ; in associations that regroup professional performers, few artists with unconventionalbody types are emphasized by their Creative corporal dissimilarity ; only one among all organizations studied offers anoriginal pattern of participation, where people with all types of abilities and disabilities are united in inclusive practices, bythe virtue of a creative mosaic.Contemporary circus has established specialized programs that reproduce the segregation utilized in the medicosocialand psychiatric sectors. It proposes a simulated integration aimed to the world outside of the disability, whileestablishing a distancing of the difference. Recurrent highlighting of artists with physical disabilities that creatively usestheir corporal differences and demonstrates exceptional body control masks this participation in the process of segregation.A single organization combines inclusive practices and affirmatively rejects its own institutionalization. For others,neither association status nor the posture of marginality produces original forms of participation for people withdisabilities.Norm is polarized: “Negative” marginality of the “disabled” – those that have a lack of behavioral control – isframed by a global care, while the “positive” marginality of corporal differences is framed as a fine art piece by spectacularstaging, the symbol of the renewed marginality of the contemporary circus
Issanchou, Damien. "Une indicible monstruosité : étude de cas de la contreverse médiatique autour d'Oscar Pistorius (2007-2012 en France) (2007-2012 en France)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100040/document.
Sport is acknowledged, by an increasing number of sociologists, as an heuristic way to understand contemporary societies. During year 2007, sports institution was faced up to a particular situation. Indeed, Oscar Pistorius, a double legs amputated athlete with artificial lower limbs, takes part in « able bodied » competitions (international athletics meetings). The singularity of this situation causes media covered controversies regarding legitimacy of his involvement. The study of this case, based on a « pragmatic » approach, highlighting what those controversies show from sport in contemporary societies.The analysis of media speeches about Pistorius reveals that this athlete poses a sports categorization problem. Indeed, on the one hand, the performances he produces distinguishes between him and « disabled athlete » category and seems to allow to put him in the « able bodied » one. But, on the other hand, his artificial limbs prevent from validating this sports classification. Despite the verdict of the Court of Arbitration for Sport which autorises him to take part in all athletics competitions, the persistence of controversies shows that Pistorius’ situation gives a breach of sports understandability. Then, this situation has to be understood like a monstrousness, in the Foucaldian sense of the word, because it messes up the required definitions to think sport. Challenging sports institution basis, thus the disputed pistorius’ situation reveals the way in which sport sets athletes in order. More exactly, this monstrousness proves sport inability to take charge of the efficient fited bodies radical difference
Lucas, Bernard. "L' accès au droit des personnes en situation de handicap et aux limites de l’exclusion : le paradigme de l’intégration socioprofessionnelle." Paris 10, 2008. http://sidnomade.grenet.fr/login?url=https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9782706124556.
The makings of a just society depend on the development of inclusive policies for all and in particular for disabled workers. The degree of socio-professional integration of such workers relates to the principle of non-discrimination and within France remains low. Within this thesis three main hypotheses are advanced, tested empirically and examined critically in relation to disabled workers. The first hypothesis is linked to the identification and possible conflict of ideal types underlying disability policy texts and practice. The second hypothesis explores whether the allocation of different types of allowances in itself does not have a determining effect on the degree of exclusion experienced by people with disabilities. The third hypothesis explores the dilemma in which disabled people find themselves when confronted with the call to integrate in a hostile climate characterised by norms of production. The author concludes that there is a risk that many disabled workers will find themselves increasingly excluded due to economic factors and suggests that in order to respect their life choices there will be an increasing need to provide appropriate human and financial support to favour independent living and working in the mainstream environment
Maurice, Sarah. "Accompagnement de la vie relationnelle, affective et sexuelle des personnes en situation de handicap : regards croisés Franche-Comté - Suisse Romande." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC019/document.
Today, the development of rights for the disabled, guarantees that their needs and expectations are met in a singular manner. Associations are mobilised so that their relational, emotional and sexual life may be recognised during their accompaniment within medico-social establishments and departments. This dimension, present in the heart of the intimate, includes numerous challenges. The individual’s protection must be ensured, just in the same way as their autonomy. Moreover, daily proximity between the various actors involved must be followed through by permanent questioning. Beneficiaries, professionals and families sometimes find themselves in complex, paradoxical situations, solved thanks to various regulating mechanisms. Today, the modalities involved figure within inclusive logic and are being developed in coherence with the law, ethics and the different actors’ means. There are action levers, reinforcing the empowerment and skills of all the parties implied. The comparative approach used here results in an analysis of existing and innovative practice in Franche-Comté (France), as well as in French-speaking Switzerland. This research, carried out within the scope of a regional Doctorate contract, rests on an interactional paradigm and is based on various different disciplines. This work mobilises several techniques, with a view to collecting data (interviews, questionnaires and observation) and proposes a number of recommendations
Cuenot, Marie. "Performances physiques et compétences sociales : des participations héroïsées : étude exploratoire de la mise en scène du handicap dans les séries animées télévisées pour enfants (France, 1990-2010)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100185.
Within contemporary modernity, media stand as a fundamental source of knowledge for individuals. This research has been conducted to analyze disability related content in a corpus comprising children animated television series. Eight characters with a chronic limitation, i.e. not being able to walk or not being able to see, have been identified within eighty-four episodes from seven series coproduced in France during the period 1990-2010 (Les Pastagums, Atout 5, Foot2Rue, Les Minijusticiers, Titeuf, Bali, Milo). They have been observed through the successive situations they appear in, the problems they encounter and the proposed solutions. They are mainly boys using a wheelchair and involved in physical activities. Most of them are treated differently in comparison to other characters in the same social virtual worlds and are portrayed through heroized participation, either as a supercrip or as a superhero. They are both physically powerful and socially skilled. Such treatment contains the frozen remains of a normative injunction of performance as a legitimate and hegemonic modality with respect to participation, the construction of self and social relations
Nayak, Lucie. "Sexualité et handicap mental : enquête sur le traitement social de la sexualité des personnes désignées comme « handicapées mentales » en France et en Suisse." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100076/document.
The subject of this dissertation is to study the social construction of the sexuality of people labelled as « intellectually disabled » in Switzerland and in France by means of a qualitative survey realized through interviews with persons considered as « intellectually disabled », parents, specialized educators and sexual assistants.A first part deals with the analysis of the representations of persons labelled as « intellectually disabled » regarding sexuality and with bringing to light the forms of their sexual life, often commented but still unexplored. The second part aims at analyzing the institutional and parental representations and practices towards the sexuality of people considered as « intellectually disabled » in the current context of « sexual health ». Finally, the third part of this dissertation studies the recent activity of sexual assistance in Switzerland.By mobilizing intellectual disability and sexuality together, this research aims at analyzing how the different categories of actors implied in accompanying « intellectually disabled» people in their sexuality co-build the norms that govern their sexual life. It aims at proposing a complete study of the social treatment of their sexuality and the logics that underlie them
Godet-Montalescot, Sophie. "Handicap et éducation : analyse sociologique de l'activité des Commissions départementales d'éducation spéciale." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H061.
Blanc, Alain. "Les handicapés au travail : analyse sociologique d'un dispositif d'insertion professionnelle." Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE2A003.
Barrier, Claudette. "L'enseignement spécialisé (1945-1990) : analyse sociologique et historique de l'évolution des professions dans le secteur de l'adaptation et de l'intégration scolaires." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H074.
Special schooling created in 1909 was a first institutional answer to school organization of deviant childhood and adolescence. Moreover it contributed to defining a new profession : special teacher in primary school. The study of special institutorat, as a part of division of labour, reveals social and professional paths which lead to the different functions of teaching, reeducating, education authority, adults training, comittee secretaryship of special education and of the diversity of recruitment that modify professional behaviors. This analysis which is based on the interactionistic schema of career, in the sense of a path that updates an aptitude system, leads to the building of several professional types that stand out as milestones in socio-historic evolution of the profession. This differential approach shows that the search of the acknowledgment of a social identity in joining union or professional associations being inclined to the corporation, indicates the emergency of the professionalization process in the different constituted groups
Eideliman, Jean-Sébastien. ""Spécialistes par obligation" Des parents face au handicap mental : théories diagnostiques et arrangements pratiques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333296.
Calcine, Marie Paule. "Particularités de l'inclusion des enfants et adolescents handicapés mentaux à l'Ile de la Réunion : une situation liminaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC031.
Social policies nowadays aim at reducing inequalities in access to rights: reinforce access to full citizenship for people with disabilities and build an inclusive society. The concept of "inclusion" is gradually substituting that of "integration", following the change of paradigm. In other words, it is no longer up to the person with “special needs” to adapt himself to a so-called "normal" system. It’s up to society to ensure that everybody is included, regardless of his particularities. Solidarity is everyone's responsibility. The sociological context of Reunion Island is quite particular: it has known a colonial history before its accession to the statute of French department in 1946, which has accelerated its socio-economic development. This Overseas Department presents the advantages of an industrial society, without any natural resources. The various cultural and religious practices in such a small territory due to the melding of populations make the people of Reunion island singular. Their representation of handicap and its social treatment are strongly influenced. This society has developed spheres of inclusion with particular codes that are quite different from those of the French metropolitan society. Therefore, these particular codes are sometimes different from those practiced in school. And children with mental disabilities live in a sort of airlock between the family and school spheres, where some students stagnate, in the liminality. Nowadays all stakeholders, families, teachers and social workers, try to rely on new schemes to achieve a better inclusion for these children
Heinry, Hervé. "L’élève empêché : comment les qualifications médicosociales forgent les trajectoires sur un territoire." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0029.
The aim of this research is to analyse how the health care needs of disabled children are covered under the French health care system.The research follows the trajectory in educational and therapeutic institutions and in children’s homes, revealing a system founded on academic policies, practices and interactions between schools and their local care services.The research reveals a system based on territorial cohesive requirements set forth by the Social Action and Family Code, lacking in territorial cohesion and varying largely from one locality to another. In addition to the paradigm of children in the sociology of health, this research highlights the complexity of choice faced by the majority of working class families’ in a system piloted by choice
Lefèvre, Sylvain. "Mobiliser les gens, mobiliser l'argent : les ONG au prisme du modèle entrepreneurial." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00365280.
Notre thèse met en lumière l'articulation délicate des trois éléments qui permettent ce tour de « magie sociale » : d'une part le travail institutionnel de légitimation des pratiques, d'autre part les dispositions complexes des engagés où prévaut l'étroite imbrication entre compétences professionnelles et appétences militantes, et enfin le maniement d'instruments qui garantissent une collecte symboliquement « propre ». Du siège des ONG aux groupes locaux de bénévoles de Greenpeace et Handicap International, en passant par les agences de fundraising, c'est à une enquête ethnographique sur l'institutionnalisation d'un répertoire de mobilisation managérialisé que nous convions le lecteur.
Larrouy, Muriel. "L'invention de l'accessibilité. Des politiques de transports des personnes handicapées aux politiques d'accessibilité des transports urbains de voyageurs en France de 1975 à 2005." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165138.
Ces notions nous ont permit de révéler les ressorts du changement intervenu dans les politiques déployées. Celles-ci passent de deux ensembles de solutions construites en faveur de populations médicalement identifiées comme handicapées à des solutions intégrées, disponibles pour tous, cohabitant avec du transport spécialisé. L'évolution est rendue possible par la conjonction de facteurs conceptuels, techniques et législatifs utilisés par un réseau de militants pour imposer un traitement intégré de l'accessibilité. Celui-ci est devenu une référence standard et est institutionnalisé dans la loi du 11 février 2005 pour l'égalité des chances. Le premier type d'accessibilité est intimement lié au référentiel du handicap alors que le second possède son propre référentiel et s'est autonomisé vis à vis du handicap. Il y a eu invention de l'accessibilité comme nouvelle forme sociale révélatrice d'une conception du traitement de l'altérité dans notre société. Ses formes nous éclairent sur la façon d'envisager la place des personnes handicapées dans la société.
Gayraud, Laure. "La politique d'emploi des personnes handicapées Genèse et mise en œuvre d'une politique ordinaire (le cas de la Gironde)." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184150.
Cargnelli, Sandro. "Les "troubles du comportement et de la conduite" : histoire d'une appropriation médico-administrative et usage contemporain (de 1914 à nos jours)." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC006.
In the field of child psychopathology, a set of diverse behaviors, like disobedience, theft, lying, and verbal and physical aggression, are grouped under the label “Behaviour and Conduct Disorders”. The question of the origins of the category used to name certain types of transgressions raised questions. The following thesis suggests to follow this nosographic term in its scholarly singularity, its sedimentations, its historical temporality and its inscription in a discursive regime. That is why, the work of Georges Heuyer, a pioneering figure in the structuration of the Child and Young Psychiatry field, occupies a significant position in this thesis. Then, it is in this investigation to seize, as close as possible, the name chain starting from the school, going through MDPH and ending at ITEP. Our interest was focused on the medico-administrative assessment process within multidisciplinary teams at the MDPH. Finally, the conducted analysis highlights the way the classification “behavior and conduct disorders” reverberated on the representations of the designated people