Journal articles on the topic 'Handbooks, 1956'
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1
Blockx, Frederic. "Handboek burgerlijk recht – 1956-1958." Pro Memorie 21, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/pm2019.2.057.bloc.
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Kotiv, B. N., I. I. Dzidzava, V. I. Iontsev, O. V. Barinov, and I. V. Dmitrochenko. "Academician Ivan S. Kolesnikov — Military surgeon, Scientist, Teacher." Wounds and wound infections. The prof. B.M. Kostyuchenok journal 10, no. 1 (November 2, 2023): 6–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25199/2408-9613-2023-10-1-6-28.
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Ivan Stepanovich Kolesnikov (1901–1985) – an outstanding Soviet surgeon, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Major-General of Medical Service (1953), Honored Scientist of RSFSR (1964), Hero of Socialist Labor (1976), Lenin Prize Laureate (1961) and USSR State Prize Laureate USSR (1985). Ivan S. Kolesnikov had a glittering life from a junior medical staff to an academician. He participated in 6 wars. Academician Kolesnikov was a talented organizer. He supported and developed thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, anesthesiology-resuscitation, combustiology, transfusiology. His monographs have become handbooks for surgeons in our country: “Resection of the lungs: indications, surgical techniques, postoperative care” (1960), “Organ-sparing resections of the lungs in tuberculosis” (1965), “Autotransfusion of blood and its components in surgery” (1979). Ten volumes of the “Atlas of Gunshot Wounds” prepared by him and his collaborator Academician P. A. Kupriyanov were published in 1946–1955.
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Dutchak, Violetta. "Unknown Manuscript of “Bandura Playing Handbook” From DP Period." Bulletin of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. Series in Musical Art 7, no. 1 (May 17, 2024): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7581.7.1.2024.303774.
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The purpose of the research is to introduce the manuscript of the “Bandura Playing Handbook” by an unknown author (Augsburg, Germany, 1951) into scientific circulation in the context of providing educational and methodological publications on the Ukrainian art of bandura playing abroad. The research methodology is based on the principles of historical, cultural, textual, and axiological approaches. Methods such as historical and typological, analysis and synthesis, music textual method, and musicological analysis were used, which made it possible to identify not only trends in the evolution of teaching and methodological approaches to teaching bandura playing but also the personological aspects of their formation. Particular attention is paid to the need to systematise not only the methods in printed editions of handbooks and self-tutorials on bandura but also manuscript rarities that remain in public and private archives and require proper scientific and methodological understanding. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the introduction of the analysis of the manuscript “Bandura Playing Handbook” by an unknown author (Augsburg, Germany, 1951), created during the so-called camp period in Germany, where displaced persons (DP – Displaced Persons) were kept. The music manuscript is part of the documentary materials of the Archives of the Ukrainian Free University (Munich, Germany). Conclusions. The study analyses the handbook materials from the methodological and fingering points of view, the sequence of mastering the instrument, the formation of the bandura repertoire, and its comparison with similar examples in Ukrainian musical art. It determines the value of the handbook from the point of view of popularising the Ukrainian national musical instrument in the conditions of emigration and spreading the performing traditions of bandura art.
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Osak, Mikołaj. "Cechy stalinowskiego prawa karnego na podstawie podręcznika Igora Andrejewa, Leszka Lernella i Jerzego Sawickiego Prawo karne Polski Ludowej z 1950 r." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 20, no. 1 (2021): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2021.20.01.11.
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Purpose of this paper is to present traits of penal law during Stalinist period in Poland based on a handbook by I. Andrejew, L. Lernell and J. Sawicki “Prawo karne Polski Ludowej”, which was first published in 1950. For this purpose, a number of issues appearing in the publication were described, such as: materialist definition of crime, ex post facto law, penality of preparation, attitude towards pre-war legislation instituted by interpretation, criticism of sociological school in penal law, position of death penalty in punishment system. Based on characteristics of them, traits of Stalinist penal law were identified, some of which are: excessive repressiveness, subordination of law to the power, or its instrumentalization. Identification of these traits was made possible by utilization of modern literature concerning the subject, presentation of regulations from laws having effect at the time, as well as comparison of handbook’s contents with current historical knowledge. Characteristics of traits of Stalinist penal law was preceded by a description of circumstances of origins of the handbook – its position among existing course books, reviews and consideration of impact of authors’ personal background on character of their work. What is more, teaching of penal law in the early days of Peoples’ Poland was briefly described, with an indication, why work of I. Andrejew, L. Lernell and J. Sawicki was particularly needed in law schools created by communist government.
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Russell, WMS. "The Three Rs: past, present and future." Animal Welfare 14, no. 4 (November 2005): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600029596.
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“Our story must begin with Charles Hume, for the whole of this grand enterprise began as a twinkle in his eye, which often twinkled” (Russell 1995). Fifty-one years ago, in 1954, besides important achievements in other fields of animal welfare, Hume and the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) had brought out the first edition of The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals, edited by Alastair Worden (Worden 1947), who was already preparing a greatly enlarged second edition with William Lane-Petter (Worden & Lane-Petter 1957). Hume had already contributed to the first edition of the Handbook an article on statistical analysis, which is clearly relevant to actual experimentation (Hume 1947); he now had the brilliant and totally original idea of starting a general study of humane technique in actual experimentation. The late Rex Burch and I were appointed to undertake this project; the moment Rex walked into my office I knew that here was not only the perfect colleague but also a lifelong friend, and I sadly miss him.
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Mišević, Marijana. "HOW AND WHY WAS SLAVIC LEARNED AT THE OTTOMAN COURT? INSIGHTS FROM THE FIFTEENTH-CENTURY PROJECTS DEDICATED TO LEARNING LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD." Историјски часопис, no. 72/2023 (December 30, 2023): 281–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.34298/ic2372281m.
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This paper addresses the question of the status of Slavic/Serbian language in the Ottoman Empire during the late 15th century by focusing on three multilingual language learning handbooks, which were produced at or around the Ottoman court and contain fragments in Serbian written in the Arabic script. Two of these handbooks (MSs Süleymaniye Ayasofya 4749 and Ayasofya 4750) have attracted scholarly attention since 1936. Using the historical language ideology as a hermeneutical tool, this paper first revisits the scholarly interpretations of these two manuscripts and then introduces a third, so far unnoticed codex (MS SB Berlin Or.oct.33). The analysis of the form and contents of this manuscript provides new insights into the original context in which all three manuscripts were produced, along with a series of similar handbooks which do not contain Slavic material.
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Ghia, Maria Clara. "A lightning bolt. The activity of Bruno Zevi in post-war Italy." ZARCH, no. 10 (July 20, 2018): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2018102939.
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This essay focuses on Bruno Zevi’s working period immediately after Second World War, coming back to Italy after his stay in London and in the USA. He starts right away his impressive attempt of popularizing contemporary architecture through “Metron”, the first magazine to be printed in Italy after the war, from 1945 to 1954. In this crucial phase he founded the APAO (Association for Organic Architecture), he contributed to the editing of the Manuale dell'Architetto (an handbook with all the new construction and ready-assembly techniques), he published Verso un'architettura organica (1945), Saper vedere l'architettura (1948) and Storia dell'architettura moderna (1950), he curated the first Frank Lloyd Wright exhibit in Italy and he greatly contributed to the spreading of modern architecture and urbanism all around the country. Zevi also paying special attention to social issues, raised the question of inner spaces where man lives and where the collective theme is expressed, and stressed the need of shaping the building in the name of human use and enjoyment.
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Taylor, Michael A. "Lost & Found: 193. The Naturalists' Directory (1895-1907)." Geological Curator 5, no. 3 (July 1989): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc629.
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To Hugh Torrens* list of known copies John Cooper (121 Hayes Chase, West Wickham, Kent BR4 OHY) adds details of his personal copy of the 10th edition for 1906-7, dated 1906, published by L. Upcott Hill, Drury Lane, with iii [or more] + 188pp., followed by 15pp. of a catalogue of practical handbooks and 5pp. more of advertisements. It includes a full-page advertisement for James Lomax of Bolton, Petrologist, Geologist and Palaeo-Botanist, with a figure of a polished section of Lyginodendron oldhamium....
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Busse, Ulrich, and Anne Schröder. "How Fowler became 'The Fowler': an anatomy of a success story." English Today 26, no. 2 (May 28, 2010): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078410000088.
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“Dictionary of Modern English Usage, short forms Modern English Usage, MEU. The best-known usage manual of the 20C, compiled by H. W. Fowler and published by Oxford University Press in 1926 […]. This work in particular has made the name Fowler as well known among those interested in usage and the language as Johnson and Webster, a point of reference for both those who venerate and those who regret what he has had to say.” (Burchfield, 1992a: 311)If the quotation above is anything to go by, it tells us two things, namely that Fowler's Modern English Usage [MEU] is regarded as the best-known usage manual of the 20th century and that opinions about Fowler are highly controversial. Works like the Fowler Brothers' (1906) The King's English [KE] and Henry W. Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage (1926) [MEU-1] can be regarded as role models for usage handbooks in Britain. The immense success and popularity, especially of the latter work, with new editions in 1965 (revised by Sir Ernest Gowers) [MEU-2] and in 1996 (further revised by Robert Burchfield) [MEU-3], calls for an explanation. In order to reveal the relationship between authority and success, the present article places MEU and its predecessor KE in their socio-historical contexts and then gives a detailed account of the success story of MEU. It analyses the book's reception in its three editions and its treatment in English-language histories and introductory textbooks to the English language.
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Emmons, Paul. "Diagrammatic Practices: The Office of Frederick L. Ackerman and "Architectural Graphic Standards"." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068122.
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The office of Frederick Ackerman (1878-1950) was the source of the first modern architectural handbook, Architectural Graphic Standards (1932), which was intended as a radical manifesto. Basing his practice on the economic critique of "conspicuous consumption" by Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929), Ackerman was a leader of the technocratic movement. Ackerman directed his employees to develop factual architectural data. The authors of Graphic Standards, Charles Ramsey (1884-1963) and Harold Sleeper (1893-1960), worked at Ackerman's firm, and it was for Ackerman's projects that the first versions of the handbook's plates were drawn. Graphic Standards reflected Ackerman's technocratic approach to architecture, whereby he isolated functional facts from appearance, which was understood as self-expression. In its use of diagrams, Graphic Standards reflected the view that such schematic representations were the transparent rendering of facts. Yet, as seen in some of the plates of Graphic Standards, even the most reductive diagrams inevitably include expressive elements. Through many editions, Graphic Standards has been widely hailed as the "bible" of architectural practice, and it is paradoxical that Ackerman's radical practice became the basis of today's normative commercial practices. The attempt to separate functional fact from aesthetic self-expression was an impossible project, but Ackerman's efforts to achieve a modern architecture that was derived from the nature of its use and construction to replace the design of novelties remain a significant achievement.
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Kaverina, Valeriia, and Yiming Wang. "Criteria for writing compound nouns (contact-hyphen) in modern Russian orthography." Litera, no. 7 (July 2023): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.7.43527.
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The subject of the study is the regularities of the distribution of merged and hyphenated spellings of complex nouns in modern rules. Special attention is paid to identifying the main criteria for the design of the words of the studied group in the "Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation" of 1956, which still have the status of a set of spelling norms of the state language. Since the current rules are outdated, the work also considers the prescriptions of updated, but not having an official status, academic rulebooks: the complete academic handbook of 2006 and the newest electronic resource of OROSS "Spelling commentary of the Russian Dictionary" by E. V. Beshenkova, O. E. Ivanova, E. V. Tenkova. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it analyzes the modern rules of spelling of complex nouns and the criteria underlying them. The established inconsistency of codification of these norms originates in the "Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation" of 1956 and is further developed in modern reference and educational literature, in particular in the complete academic handbook of 2006. As a result, it is concluded that it is necessary to include in the basic set of spelling rules a section containing the basic rules for distinguishing between merged and hyphenated spellings, set out briefly, simply and clearly.
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Beckman, Jenny. "Collecting Standards: Teaching Botanical Skills in Sweden, 1850–1950." Science in Context 24, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889711000081.
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ArgumentStandards of botanical practice in Sweden between 1850 and 1950 were set, not only in schools and universities, but also in naturalist societies and botanical exchange clubs, and were articulated in handbooks and manuals produced for schoolboys. These standards were maintained among volunteer naturalists in the environmental movement in the 1970s, long after the decline and disappearance of collecting from the curriculum. School science provides a link between the laboratory, the classroom, and the norms and practices of everyday life: between the various “insides” and “outsides” of educational and research settings.
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Deblauwe, Rik. "Handboek voor fiscaal recht – 1955." Pro Memorie 21, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/pm2019.2.056.delb.
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Eberenz-Greoles, Carme. "Bernhard Schädel i els Països Catalans." Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 3 (July 1, 1990): 137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.1990.137-166.
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Since his death Bernhard Schädel has only rarely been mentioned in Catalanist publications and in handbooks on Romance studies, despite being a pioneer of Catalan philology and pioneer of the consolidation of the Catalan language at the beginning of the 20th century. In the Catalan countries, his work is always discussed alongside that of his Majorcan friend, the philologist Antoni M. Alcover; two of Alcover's most important achievements, which made a decisive contribution to the aforementioned consolidation, namely the Diccionari català-valencià-balear and the "Primer Congrés de la Llengua Catalana" (1906), were greatly influenced by Schädel as a scientific advisor and collaborator. As a young lecturer in Romance languages in Halle, Schädel published several studies on Catalan phonetics and dialectology. However, he was primarily a publicist and the initiator of scientific projects. Various circumstances –including differences of opinion with the three Catalan scholarship holders he had brought to Halle, his appointment as a professor at the Colonial Institute in Hamburg, and then the First World War– led to a cooling off in his relations with Catalonia after 1909. He then devoted himself more to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America. He died unexpectedly in 1926, in the midst of his work as professor at the University of Hamburg and as director of the Ibero-American Institute, which he had founded.
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Kaverina, V. V., and Wang Yiming. "Formation of the Spelling of Compound Nouns with an Initial Imperative in the History of Russian Writing." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 1/2 (March 31, 2024): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2024-1-408-417.
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The article deals with the codification of the syllabic and hyphenated spelling of compound nouns in diachrony. The usual norm is established on the material of the texts of the National Corpus of the Russian Language, the codified norm is established on the material of grammars and dictionaries of the 19th century, as well as on the material of sets of rules of the 20th and 21st centuries. In the XVIII century compound nouns with the initial imperative are written separately, which is fixed by both editions of the “Dictionary of the Academy of Russian” dating from the turn of the XVIII–XIX centuries. In the “National Corpus of the Russian Language” of the 19th c. hyphenated spellings of the studied formations, fixed in the dictionary of 1847, appear, except for the formation “skopidomъ”, which is noted in the usus and codified in the merged form. After the 1917– 1918 reform, the formation “skopidom” is still written in the fused form, but the words “perekati polye” and “sorvigolova” have different fused, hyphenated and even separate forms. The 1936 Draft proposes to unify the semicolonization of all nouns of this group on a morphological basis (verb in the imperative mood), contrary to the stable orthography of words such as “skopidom”. The 1956 rules, on the contrary, codify their fused spelling, moreover, on a different basis — graphical (the first part in i), while forgetting about the exception of “perekati polya”, which in usus is stably spelled with a hyphen. The 2006 handbook returns the exception “perekati polya” and, following the drafts of 1936 and 2000, formulates the rule on a morphological basis (verb in the imperative mood). The stability of the orthography of words of this group is different and depends, in our opinion, on the degree of derivability of its meaning from the semantics of parts, as well as the presence of homonymic word combinations in the modern Russian language.
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Ringer, Fritz. "A Sociography of German Academics, 1863–1938." Central European History 25, no. 3 (September 1992): 251–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900022111.
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During the 1950s, a team of Göttingen sociologists led by Helmut Plessner undertook a systematic survey of all faculty who taught at German university-level institutions during one or more of eleven selected sample years between 1864 and 1953. Drawing upon university catalogues (Vorlesungsverzeichnisse), scholarly handbooks (Minerva, Kürschners, Poggendorfs), and a variety of encyclopedias, members of the Göttingen group collected biographical and career data for almost twenty-four thousand individuals, which they entered by hand (though much of it in code) on manuscript sheets that were preserved at the Max Planck Institut für Bildungsforschung in Berlin.
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Štefan, Jan. "Josef Smolík – Učitel Komenského fakulty." TEOLOGICKÁ REFLEXE 28, no. 1 (August 18, 2022): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/27880796.2022.1.3.
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For four decades, 1950–1990, Josef Smolík was a professor at the Comenius Protestant Theological Faculty in Prague. As the only one of Czech practical theologians, he taught at the faculty throughout its existence and his teaching included all basic practical-theological disciplines. He gradually published textbooks of liturgics (Some Chapters from the Liturgics, 1960), catechetics (Commitment of Baptism, 1974), homiletics (Joy of the Word, 1983) and poimenics (Pastoral Care, 1991). Smolík’s theological works culminate in the theological encyclopedia Introduction to the Study of Theology (1978) and in the ecumenically conceived practical ecclesiology Christ and His People (1997). He applied the achievements of his academic theology to ecclesiastical practice in a small catechetical handbook The Way of Life (1968) and in two volumes of the liturgical book (Agenda I, 1983; II, 1988). He paid constant attention to Historical Theology, especially the theology of the Unity of Brethren (Sermon in the Reformation, 1954; Jan Augusta, 1984) and of his theological masters and colleagues (Comenius Faculty’s Teachers, 1989; J. L. Hromádka. His Life and His Work, 1989/1991). Several generations of Czechs interested in modern theology drew on the monograph Current Attempts to Interpret the Gospel (1966–1993, five editions). The jubilee lecture is an attempt to present the binding heritage of Josef Smolík in all its amplitude, enriched with personal memories of our unforgettable teacher.
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Tifiti, Karima, Mohamed Assango, and Omaima Rachdani. "L’économie du Sport : Avantages et Défis." International Journal of Financial Accountability, Economics, Management, and Auditing (IJFAEMA) 3, no. 2 (May 23, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52502/ijfaema.v3i2.44.
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Economie du sport : l’expression est ambiguë en langue française puisqu’elle recouvre ce que la langue anglaise permet de clairement distinguer, respectivement the sports economy et sports economics. Il s’agit en premier lieu (sports economy) de l’objet à analyser, disons le secteur économique du sport, i.e. l’ensemble des relations économiques qui traversent le sport (‘le sport et l’argent’) et des relations sportives mettant en mouvement des grandeurs économiques et financières (l’impact économique du sport). Sports economics désigne en revanche la discipline scientifique qui cherche à analyser l’objet précédent ; elle est apparue dès 1956 aux Etats-Unis, avec l’article fondateur de Rottenberg (1956), vers la fin des années 1960 en Europe et dans le courant des années 1970 en France. Quelques publications ont déjà fait le bilan de la discipline économie du sport, liste non exhaustive, à un moment ou l’autre de son développement en France (Andreff, 1995), à une échelle plus internationale ou sur une base comparative Europe-Amérique du Nord (Andreff, 2007a). Une autre a compilé en 86 chapitres les principaux sujets d’économie du sport dans un Handbook on the Economics of Sport (Andreff & Szymanski, 2006), dont l’introduction rappelle l’histoire de la discipline et une dernière a republié les textes les plus marquants en économie du sport, surtout d’origine américaine.
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Rouaud, Alain. "De quand date le Manuale d'Afä-Wärq Gäbrä-Iyäsus?" Aethiopica 1 (September 13, 2013): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.1.1.653.
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At the end of his life when he was the Ethiopian ambassador in Italy, Afä-Wärq (1868–1947) published a short handbook of Amharic language for Italians. Several chronological cross-checkings make us sure that the book has been published in 1934 or 1936. But most probably we may trace back the grammatical and ideological contents to the beginning of this century. It shows that Afä-Wärq had kept fidelity to his first ideas in favour of a modern Ethiopia.
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Griffiths, Mark. "Handbook of cancer chemotherapy." European Journal of Cancer Part B: Oral Oncology 32, no. 2 (March 1996): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-1955(96)90004-4.
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OSCHADLEUS, H. DIETER. "Type locality of the Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus (Passeriformes, Ploceidae)." Zootaxa 4524, no. 3 (November 22, 2018): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4524.3.7.
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The Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus (Linnaeus, 1766) was one of the first weaverbirds to be described, and although Linnaeus (1766) provided its specific epithet and the type locality of the Philippines, the Baya Weaver does not occur there. Hartert (1902, p. 577) thus restricted the locality to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and this locality has been used in all major references since, in spite of Stresemann (1952) showing that the type was most probably collected by Pierre Poivre in India. This paper draws attention to this error so that avian handbooks and taxonomic works may refer to the correct type locality of the Baya Weaver as Puducherry (previously Pondicherry), Puducherry district, India.
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Cooney, Thomas J. "Biographical Sketch: Kenneth B. Henderson: The Development of Pedagogical Theory." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 26, no. 3 (May 1995): 280–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.26.3.0280.
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Kenneth Henderson was a scholar of the first magnitude who focued his attention on the development of theoretical construcrs related to the teaching of mathematics. His chapter, “Problem-Solving in Mathematics,” in the 21st yearbook of NCTM, written with Robert Pingry (Henderson & Pingry, 1953), was an early and significant contribution to the dialogue about problem solving in the classroom. His Chapter, “Research on Teaching Secondary School Mathematics,” published in the first Handbook of Research on Teaching (Henderson, 1963), further exemplifies the kind of scholarship that characterized his work.
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Paloheimo, Heikki. "Governments in Democratic Capitalist States 1950-1983: A Data Handbook." American Political Science Review 79, no. 4 (December 1985): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1956393.
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West, John B. "Fritz Rohrer (1888–1926), a pioneer in pulmonary mechanics whose work was inexplicably ignored for about 30 years." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 317, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): L785—L790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00250.2019.
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Fritz Rohrer (1888–1926) has a special place in the history of respiratory physiology for two reasons. The first is that he laid the foundations of modern pulmonary mechanics in the early 1900s. For example, his seminal paper on pulmonary dynamics, that is, the pressure-flow relationships in the airways, was published in 1915 in one of the top journals in the field. It included extensive measurements of airway dimensions in postmortem human lungs and a sophisticated analysis of the modes of airflow. This was closely followed by a very original analysis of lung statics, which included studies of airway pressures at normal, maximal, and minimal lung volumes in relaxed normal volunteers, and was published in 1916. Remarkably, both papers were essentially ignored at the time. Fortunately, in 1925 he was able to summarize his major findings in a chapter in an important handbook of physiology. However, he tragically died from pulmonary tuberculosis in the following year at the early age of 37. The second reason for his importance in the history of pulmonary mechanics is that inexplicably his very innovative research was essentially ignored for about 30 years. It was not until the 1940s that his work was rediscovered, although not in time to save investigators from duplicating his very original studies. Possible reasons why his work was ignored for so long are discussed. Even today it is not easy to recover some important features of his career, and some aspects of his very original research are still almost unknown.
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Harmonedi, Harmonedi. "PERGURUAN THAWALIB PADANG PANJANG IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATIONAL HISTORY 1912 - 1926." JURNAL PENELITIAN SEJARAH DAN BUDAYA 6, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36424/jpsb.v6i1.154.
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Perguruan Thawalib Padang Panjang has contributed greatly to the nation. The history of its establishment cannot be separated from Surau Jembatan Besi. To uncover this problem the authors conducted research under the title " Perguruan Thawalib Padang Panjang in the Perspective of Educational History 1912-1926". This research aims at revealing the history of Perguruan Thawalib Padang Panjang, and its work in education. it is qualitative research through library studies. After conducting research, it was revealed that Surau Jembatan Besi, is used to implement the traditional education system, turned into Thawalib Padang Panjang, It implements a modern education system. The modernization of education is motivated by the demands of the people who need a noble, intelligent, critical, skilled generation. The renewal efforts carried out is to encourage the students with critical thinking, independent in opinion and skilled the organization, implementing classical system education, establishing teacher handbooks, and developing curriculum. The main figure in the modernization of education in Thawalib Padang Panjang is Sheikh Abdul Karim Amrullah, a charismatic cleric who has been in touch with modernization movements in the Middle East.
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Inkeles, Alex. "National Character Revisited." Tocqueville Review 12 (December 1991): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.12.83.
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In the first edition of the Handbook of Social Psychology published in 1954 D. J. Levinson and I sought to define the field of national character research as "the study of modal personality and sociocultural systems". While acknowledging the legitimacy of deriving national character from the institutional or cultural forms shared by a population or from the behavior of their nation in acts such as war, peace and commerce, we urged that "national character ought to be equated with modal personality structure; that is, should refer to the mode or modes of distribution of personality variants within a given society".
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Rivas Venegas, Miguel. "Exnominated Anti-Semitism? Reframing the Paranoid Hate-speech of Spanish National-populism." Analysis of Current Trends in Antisemitism - ACTA 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/actap-2021-2002.
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Abstract The aim of this publication is to critically rethink Manfred Böcker’s classic notion of “Antisemitismus ohne Juden” (Böcker, M. 2000. Antisemitismus ohne Juden: Die zweite Republik, die antirepublikanische Rechte und die Juden. Spanien 1931 bis 1936. Berlin: Peter Lang) and to translate it within the contemporary context of the Spanish Nationalpopulismus (Hirschmann, K. 2017. Der Aufstieg des Nationalpopulismus. Wie westliche Gesellschaften polarisiert werden. Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung; Wilp, M. 2019. “Konfrontation statt Konsens: Der Aufschwung des Nationalpopulismus in den Niederlanden: Die politische Auseinandersetzung um Migration und Integration.” In Rechtspopulismus in Einwanderungsgesellschaften, edited by H. U. Brinkmann, and I. Panreck, 187–215. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften) represented by the radical party Vox España. The existence of a formula of “Anti-Semitism without Jews and without Anti-Semites” (Botsch, G., and C. Kopke. 2016. “Antisemitismus ohne Antisemiten?” In Wut, Verachtung, Abwertung Rechtspopulismus in Deutschland, edited by R. Melzer, D. Molthagen, A. Zick, and B. Küpper, 178–194. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung; Wodak, R. 2018. “The Radical Right and Antisemitism.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right, edited by J. Rydgren, 1–33. Oxford: Oxford Handbooks Online) seems to acquire corporeity in the “Civil-War-like” lexical arsenals (Rivas Venegas, M. 2018. Propaganda activities of Willi Münzenberg in Support of the Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. An Approximation to His Visual and Rhetorical Communication Strategies. Berlin: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung / Münzenberg Forum, 2019) of a party acutely connected to its Francoist past and to the paranoia of the “Francmason-Jewish-Bolshevist” conspiracy. This article aims to offer new perspectives on the study of national-populism via the parallel analysis of its “lexical arsenals” and visual-performative dispositives, what we here and in further publications identify as the messa in scena populista. It aims to fulfill the complex task of identifying the latent or indirect traces of Anti-Semitism in a party that chose the Muslim community as its preferred and most visible scapegoat, applied the tested political formula of the transnational nouvelle droite, yet never fully abandoned certain aspects of the Francoist and Spanish fascist worldview.
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Putri, Intan, Esi Putri Silmina, and Ririn Wahyu Hidayati. "KEKEP Ibu Motivator Empowerment Program with a Digital Handbook as an Effort to Prevent Stunting." ABDIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 6, no. 4 (October 31, 2023): 4462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35568/abdimas.v6i4.3908.
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The Nutritional Status of Toddlers in 2022 at Puskesmas (primary health center) Kasihan 1 revealed 79 cases of short toddlers (2.9%). Although this number decreased from the previous year which reached 4.6%, in absolute terms the incidence of stunting is still quite high. The handling of stunting has so far been carried out by all stakeholders, namely from the BKKN, the Head of Service to the village level. Meanwhile, the role of Puskesmas is in the form of assistance and direct intervention in cases of stunting. However, the combination of all stakeholders makes it difficult to find a comprehensive program for stunting prevention. KEKEP Ibu (Mothers Support Group Class) Motivator can be an extension of Puskesmas by providing direct CIE (Communication, Information, and Education) to the community. Two main problems are found, namely: Health service programs and Information Technology Approaches. The priority problems encountered are (1) Health services and the lack of nutritional program aids at puskesmas; (2) There are KEKEP Ibu motivators who do not have skills in comprehensive stunting prevention; (3) There is no digital-based media as a tool for providing CIE. This Community Service Activity aims to help empower KEKEP Ibu Motivators in a comprehensive stunting prevention effort by procuring an assistive tool in the form of a KEKEP Ibu digital motivator handbook and service model with participatory learning and action. The first stage of the assessment was to collect knowledge of KEKEP Ibu Motivator about stunting prevention. Stage two was planning and development planning and preparation for the implementation of the empowerment program and making IEC tools in the form of digital handbooks. Stage three was implementing a mini-workshop in introducing a stunting prevention program, training on making complementary food menus, and CIE simulation. Stage four was the evaluation of re-collecting the knowledge of KEKEP Ibu motivator about stunting prevention. The results of this activity showed that the level of knowledge of KEKEP Ibu motivators in the low category decreased from the previous 43 people (84.3%) to 10 people (19.6%) while the knowledge in the high category increased by more than 100%, originally 8 people (15 .6%) to 41 people (80.4%).
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B., Borgilmaa. "Монгол хэлний өвөрмөц хэллэгийн судалгааны тойм." Mongolian Journal of Foreign Languages and Culture 21, no. 467 (March 2, 2023): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjflc.v21i467.2756.
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An idiom is a fixed phrase or expression of which constituents cannot keep their individual meanings but which can entirely be treated as a single unit in a sentence. As its figurative meaning which is different from its literal meaning is originated from Mongolian thinking, lifestyle, rituals and religion, its translation into any other languages follows some issues from cultural differences. The studies on the Mongolian idioms which began with the study based on Mongolian traditional linguistic theories, methodologies and approaches in 1950, have been developing through some modern linguistic theories so far. Consequently, this paper emphases the review that which points of Mongolian researchers’ view from the Mongolian idioms have been studied, on the basis of scientific materials, theoretic books, textbooks, handbooks, PhD dissertations and research papers, and so on.
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Echard, Allison. "Making Sense of Self: An Autoethnographic Study of Identity Formation for Adolescents in Music Therapy." Music Therapy Perspectives 37, no. 2 (2019): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mtp/miz008.
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Abstract Told through my experiences of working with three teenagers who had mild and moderate developmental disabilities, this autoethnographic study considers identity formation as a core concept in music therapy clinical practice. In doing so, I explored theories of identity formation, including those described by Erikson (1950, Childhood and society, Norton), Marcia and colleagues (1993, Ego identity: A handbook for psychosocial research, Springer), and Crocetti, Rubini, and Meeus (2008, Journal of Adolescence, 31(2), 207–222), relating these concepts to each of the teenagers I worked with. This article, therefore, chronicles the ways in which my clinical thinking shifted from a skills-based approach to one that considers the client’s identity as a whole, leading to suggestions of ways to integrate identity formation theory into clinical practice.
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Manilo, Leonid, and Volodymyr Peskov. "The prominent Ukrainian ichthyologist and museologist Yuriy Movchan (1936–2021)." GEO&BIO 2021, no. 21 (December 30, 2021): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gb2118.
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A brief overview of the life and scientific achievements of Yuriy Movchan, an outstanding Ukrainian zoologist, museologist, collector of zoological collections, fish expert, and author of the ichthyological exhibition of the National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine is presented. Biographic data are given based on the scientist’s personal file, which is preserved in the archive of the National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine, as well as according to his autobiography published in the jubilee volume of the Proceedings of the Zoological Museum (Vol. 50, 2019). In the context of Yuriy Movchan’s scientific achievements, a list of his main publications is given, including handbooks, scientific monographs, catalogues, and guides to the zoological museum. Yuriy Movchan’s creative life was practically entirely related to the zoological museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Working in the zoological museum, Yuriy Vasyliovych has grown from museum attendant to a prominent ichthyologist, specialist of fish fauna of all kinds of water bodies of Ukraine, including inland and marine waters, aborigine and adventive fauna components, rare and industrial fishes, etc. The fish collection of NMNH includes more than 47 740 specimens of 567 fishes collected by Yu. Movchan personally and with fellow scientists. Yu. Movchan paid a great deal of attention to the conservation of rare and threatened species of Ukraine’s fish fauna. Voluntarily he worked as academic secretary of the zoological section at the National Commission on the Red Data Book of Ukraine, coordinated and edited the chapter ‘Cyclostomes and Fishes,’ authored 11 species reviews in the second (1994) and 24 in the third (2009) edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine. His most cited works are presented. Yuriy Movchan worked until his last days, even when he was chained to his wheelchair, completing the editing of the second edition of his fundamental work ‘Fishes of Ukraine’ and seeking an opportunity to publish it. His late publications are devoted to the history of creation of the zoological exhibition and scientific collection of cyclostomes and fishes of NMNH.
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Faulhaber, Priscila. "The production of the Handbook of South American Indians Vol 3 (1936-1948)." Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 9, no. 1 (June 2012): 82–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412012000100003.
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This paper discusses the intellectual division of labor between US scholars and the ethnographers researching in the field who together produced Volume 3 of the ambitious Handbook of South American Indians, entitled "Tropical Forest Tribes" (1936-1948). Julian Steward, the book's editor, was an Anthropologist with a sociological approach. At the time, he was also involved in conceptual conflicts between scientific policies and collaboration in government programs. Here I focus primarily on the relationship between Steward and the volume's contributors, specifically the hierarchical attitude that led to an asymmetrical classification of contributors like Curt Nimuendajú, taken as producers of ethnographic data. Researchers who lived in Brazil at the time were conceived as 'minor' authors by the editor compared to those held to be academic scholars, i.e. those who directed research and university-level academic training at US institutions. The production of this volume thus reiterated an intellectual division of labor between armchair scholars and fieldwork collectors of ethnographic artifacts for museums.
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de Moor, Jaap. "New Publications in 1998." Itinerario 22, no. 4 (1998): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300023536.
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The year 1998 saw the publication of a new and impressive handbook on the history of Dutch economic expansion and political domination in Asia and the Indonesian Archipelago in particular: J.J.P. de Jong's De waaier van het fortuin (The fan of fortune). Its almost seven hundred pages are packed with information about the Dutch in the Indonesian archipelago in the period between 1595, when the first Dutch ships departed for Asia, and 1950, when the Dutch colonial presence in Indonesia (with the exception of Dutch New Guinea) came to an end. De Jong, an official at the Dutch ministry of Foreign Affairs, who obtained his doctorate with a thesis on the Indonesian decolonisation in 1988, has undoubtedly delivered his magnum opus with this new study. The book does not only tell the story of the Dutch expansion in Indonesia, it also gives a number of new or partly new interpretations of Dutch colonial history in the archipelago. It is divided into five parts: I: The Era of the Dutch East India Company; II: ‘Plantation Java’; III: The Era of Changes, 1870–1918; IV: The Modern Colony, 1918–1942; and V: ‘Denouement’, 1942–1950.
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Muhammad, Ismail, and Safrina Ariani. "Kognisi Taksonomi Bloom, Kurikulum 2013 dan Penerapannya dalam Pembelajaran Agama Islam di Indonesia." Jurnal MUDARRISUNA: Media Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jm.v11i3.6303.
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The use of Bloom Cognitive Taxonomy started since the launching of the book: The Taxonomy of Education Objectives, The Clasification of Educational Goals, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain, published by Longman in the year 1956. The Taxonomy then has been developed by Peter W. Airasian and his friends in their book: A Taxonomi for Learning, Teaching, and Assesing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectivesm, A Bridget Edition, edited by W. Anderson and David R. Krathwohl, and published by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, in 2001. The substantial change of development between the two books is: a) the development of main words from its verb source, b). Bloom separate between the ability of ‘to analyze’ and ‘to synthesize’, while Airasian et.al unites them and put as the 5th cognitive ability, then they propose the ability ‘to create’ as the 6th cognitive ability. The applicative usage of Bloom Cognitive Taxonomy and its revision can be applied fully in the teaching Islamic material, nevertheless, it requires teachers the ability to understand the taxonomy concepts comprehensively and the curriculum applied and the ability to develop and expand main objectives to indicators of instructional activities.
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Edscorn, Steven R. "Book Review: The American Political Party System: A Reference Handbook." Reference & User Services Quarterly 57, no. 3 (March 16, 2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.57.3.6620.
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The American Political Party System: A Reference Handbook brings together readable, informative essays about the formation and influence of and controversies surrounding political parties in the United States; profiles of significant people and organizations; responsibly argued opinion essays from a variety of perspectives; and important primary-source documents and data. Major sections include “Background and History,” “Problems, Controversies, and Solutions,” “Perspectives,” “Profiles,” and “Data and Documents.” Examples of subsections and entries include “The Transformative Election of McKinley and the Progressive Era, 1896–1932,” “Structural Barriers or Impediments to Third-Party Candidates,” “Make America Great Again PAC,” “MoveOn.org,” “David Koch (1935–),” “Harry Reid (1939),” “Jill Stein (1950–),” “Donald Trump’s Proposed Immigration Policies,” “Election Results, 2016 Presidential Vote, by Select Group Categories,” and “Millard Fillmore’s Speech, June 26, 1856, on American Party Principles.”
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Fase, Martin. "Over een statistiekboek voor accountants en bedrijfseconomen." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 90, no. 7/8 (August 26, 2016): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.90.31344.
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In 1950 verscheen Bedrijfsstatistiek van P. de Wolff dat elf drukken beleefde en in 1968 zelfs een Duitse vertaling kreeg. Het vormde voor veel generaties economen en accountants de eerste kennismaking met de statistiek. Dit artikel beschrijft de levensloop van dit belangrijke leerboek. Door de komst van concurrerende leerboeken en een nieuwe generatie docenten verloor dit handboek zijn monopoliepositie in het academische onderwijs. Deels hing dat samen met wat soms wordt genoemd de mathematisering in de economie. Anderzijds was dat een gevolg van de opkomst van de nieuwe informatietechnologie en de monopolistische concurrentie op de leerboekenmarkt.
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Bourouba, Karima. "Die Generative Grammatik." Traduction et Langues 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v15i2.685.
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Generative Grammar
In this paper, the current version of generative syntax is treated in its various branches. Thereby, we try to explain the most important concepts of Chomsky like defining "competence", "performance", "surface structure" and "deep structure", then theories like "the standard theory" which introduces the syntax and "the X -Bar-Theory" will be discussed. All syntactic structures of all natural languages may be subject to common construction principles, can be set up parallel to previous generalizations of several rules. Furthermore, we will present the elucidation of generative semantics and the different phases of generative grammar. The most popular direction in linguistics at the moment is generative transformational grammar, the book "Syntactic structures", first published in 1957 by Chomsky. The GTT also had a major impact on the development of structural research in Germany. In the 1960s, numerous generative syntax representations of German and handbooks of transformational grammar for Germanists which applied Chomsky's grammar model to German were published. This article is directed to these theoretical issues with relevance to the German language.
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Meister, Anna-Maria. "Ernst Neufert's ‘Lebensgestaltungslehre’: formatting life beyond the built." BJHS Themes 5 (2020): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2020.13.
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AbstractIn 1936, the Bauhaus-trained architect Ernst Neufert published the first edition of his seminal book Bau-Entwurfslehre. One of the most successful architecture books to date, the encyclopedic volume offered dimensioned floor plans for architectural tasks ranging from bunkers to dog kennels to Zeppelins. Two years later, Neufert started working as ‘norm expert’ for Reichsminister Albert Speer, with whom he published another manual in 1943, Bauordnungslehre. Meant to provide a total system of measures for architecture at large, the volume subjected building blocks, bricks and human bodies to Neufert's all-encompassing octametric system. This article contrasts these two books against Neufert's unpublished treatise – ‘Lebensgestaltungslehre’. Never a bound volume, the latter was sketched out in diary entries between 1936 and 1942 on folded DIN A4 sheets (themselves normed) and organized in a card index. Reading them across their medial states, this article investigates the material, methodological and ideological character of Neufert's Lehren. This is not the story of a handbook; rather, this is a story of constructing Lehre one sheet at a time. Neufert's attempt to format German society in the 1930s and 1940s through inherently architectural means such as floor plans, norms and a system of measures ultimately shaped the designing subject – starting with himself.
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Barany, Michael J. "Rockefeller Bureaucracy and Circumknowing Science in the Mid-Twentieth Century." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 7, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 779–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.592.
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This article examines evaluation principles and techniques and their associated bureaucratic practices from the early decades of Rockefeller science philanthropy. I characterize the distinctive kinds of expertise about science that such philanthropy presumed and cultivated based on analyses of, first, documents connected to interventions in European and South American mathematics and, second, a 1946 handbook prepared by Warren Weaver to guide new programme officers. Rockefeller officers developed elaborate infrastructures for understanding and intervening in the personal and institutional conditions of scientific investigation, while deliberately diverting attention away from the particulars of the science they supported. Their approach, indicative of operating strategies and assumptions for scientific funding bodies in this period, shaped access and authority across the major enterprises of late modern science, defining both what science and which scientists could benefit from new resources and opportunities.
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Moore, P. G. "Illustrations and the genesis of Barrett and Yonge's Collins pocket guide to the sea shore (1958)." Archives of Natural History 37, no. 2 (October 2010): 274–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2010.0009.
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Twenty nine items of correspondence from the mid-1950s discovered recently in the archives of the University Marine Biological Station Millport, and others made available by one of the illustrators and a referee, shed unique light on the publishing history of Collins pocket guide to the sea shore. This handbook, generally regarded as a classic of its genre, marked a huge step forwards in 1958; providing generations of students with an authoritative, concise, affordable, well illustrated text with which to identify common organisms found between the tidemarks from around the coasts of the British Isles. The crucial role played by a select band of illustrators in making this publication the success it eventually became, is highlighted herein. The difficulties of accomplishing this production within commercial strictures, and generally as a sideline to the main employment of the participants, are revealed. Such stresses were not helped by changing demands on the illustrators made by the authors and by the publishers.
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Mellors, Sarah. "Less Reproduction, More Production: Birth Control in the Early People’s Republic of China, 1949–1958." East Asian Science, Technology and Society 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 367–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-7755346.
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Abstract In the early People’s Republic of China (PRC), Communist officials initially placed strict constraints on birth control use, encouraging high fertility rates. However, in an effort to enhance agricultural and industrial productivity, such restrictions were gradually repealed and by the 1970s, aggressive promotion of family planning had become the norm. Drawing on both archival and oral history, this article considers the lived experience of birth control use from the founding of the People’s Republic until 1958, a period that is often overlooked in studies of reproduction and contraception in modern China, but that had important implications for later trends. Despite claims that discussion of sexuality was suppressed in the PRC and an early ban on certain publications related to sexual hygiene, a considerable amount of literature on sex and birth control was published in major cities in the 1950s. Narratives on sex and birth control in women’s magazines and sex handbooks, however, varied widely and access to birth control and surgeries, such as abortions and sterilizations, differed dramatically according to location, class, and education level. This essay probes the circumstances under which women or couples practiced birth control while demonstrating the diversity of contraceptive discourses and practices in the early People’s Republic. Though underexplored, the early years of the PRC remain critical to histories of reproduction in China because many of the gender dynamics, socioeconomic pressures, and cultural preferences that informed contraceptive practices in the 1950s continued to do so for decades to come.
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Shevchenko, T. I. "Theological and Historical Aspects of the Epistolary Legacy of Schema-hegumen Ioann (Alekseev), St. Ioann of Valaam, the Valaam Elder." Orthodoxia, no. 2 (December 25, 2023): 38–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2023-2-38-67.
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The article introduces the personality and epistolary legacy of Schema-hegumen Ioann (Alekseev), who pursued asceticism at the Valaam Monastery of the Transfiguration of the Saviour from 1901 to 1958. After the revolution, the territory on which the monastery stood became part of independent Finland. Consequently, the Elder spent most of his life detached from his homeland. During the Winter War of 1939–1940 between the Soviet Union and Finland, the brotherhood was evacuated deep into Finland, where they founded the New Valaam Monastery. From 1945 to 1957, the monastery was under dual jurisdiction: administratively, it was under the Finnish Church Administration, while canonically, it belonged to the Moscow Patriarchate. Since 1938, Schema- hegumen Ioann had been fulfilling the duties of the spiritual father of the monastery, giving guidance to Russian-speaking pilgrims. At the New Valaam Monastery, the ascetic became widely known as an experienced spiritual mentor. His spiritual disciples included priests, laypeople, former members of the Imperial Court, representatives of the artistic community, and ordinary individuals. Many of them received spiritual guidance from him through correspondence, which was eventually published In 1956, a collection of his letters in Russian was released at New Valaam. From 1961 to 1963, the letters were published in the émigré journal L’Eternel (The Eternal) in France. In the USSR, the Elder’s letters became known in 1958 in samizdat (underground press) format, reproduced using typewriters. In 1985, a portion of the letters was presented in the “Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate”. The collection has been reprinted multiple times and translated into other languages. In Russia, starting from 2000, the Valaam Elder’s letters have been published almost every year, becoming a kind of “handbook for the modern Christian”. Schema-hegumen Ioann did not aim to construct a logically refined theological system; his service was focused on caring for those in spiritual need. When expounding on fundamental doctrines, he relied on the Gospel and the teaching of the Fathers of the Church. His theology was not an intellectual discipline or a theory of the world’s order but an experiential communion with God, rooted in personal transformation experience. In his letters, he sometimes touched upon the issues of the contemporary church life and politics. The article highlights and analyzes the principal theological and historical aspects of the epistolary legacy of the Valaam ascetic.
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Kamhieh, Y., H. Fox, E. Hallett, and S. Berry. "Routine use of salivary bypass tubes in laryngectomy patients: systematic review." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 132, no. 5 (February 15, 2018): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215118000154.
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AbstractBackground:Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a cause of significant morbidity following laryngectomy. Routine use of salivary bypass tubes during laryngectomy has been proposed to reduce the incidence of fistulae and neopharyngeal strictures.Method:Following a systematic search of Embase, Medline and Cochrane databases (1946 – current), included articles were assessed for bias according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Results:Three case–control trials showed reduced pharyngocutaneous fistula rates with the use of salivary bypass tubes; six case series reported widely varied fistula rates. With regards to stricture rates, the largest case–control trial found no improvement with salivary bypass tube use. No fatal adverse events were observed among the 204 patients who received a salivary bypass tube.Conclusion:Low-level evidence suggests salivary bypass tubes may reduce the incidence of fistula in high-risk patient groups. A robust randomised controlled trial, or large, multicentre cohort studies, are needed to further examine this intervention.
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Pandey, Alok Kumar. "Export and Economic Growth in India: Causal Interpretation." Journal of Global Economy 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 245–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v2i4.197.
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he relationship between export and economic growth has been an important issue of discussion among scholars and economist throughout the world. The existence of nexus in between export and economic growth can be examined in several ways like growth rates relating to GDP and export, proportion of export to growth, several policies relating to accelerate economic growth and export etc. The effective way to explore nexus in export and economic growth would be the causal analysis between two variables. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to explore the relationship in between export and economic growth in Indian economy with the help of technique of causality and error correction mechanism. For this purpose, data relating to export and GDP for the period 1950-51 to 2001-02 have been taken into account. Data regarding GDP has been taken for the period 1950-51 to 2001-02 at current prices as well as at constant prices. Moreover, in order to examine causality in between export and economic growth, GDP and its components (at current and constant prices) as (1) NDP at factor cost, (2) GDP at market prices, (3) NDP at market prices, (4) GNP at factor cost, (5) NNP at factor cost, (6) GNP at market price, (7) NNP at market prices have been taken in the present study (Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy, Economic Survey).
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Kattan, Victor. "Handbook on Protection of Palestinian Refugees in States Signatories to the 1951 Refugee Convention." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 11, no. 1 (2004): 467–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987-91000117.
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Wells, Alan A. "George Rankin Irwin. 26 February 1907 — 9 October 1998." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 46 (January 2000): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1999.0084.
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In the search for a criterion for the fracture of brittle materials by crack extension, George Irwin first identified the linear elastic stress intensity as a quantitative measure of the associated mathematical singularity, and then laid the foundation of a relevant stress analysis system. This permitted the significance of increased fracture toughness, section thickness and dynamic effects to be established. There was much initial scepticism in the engineering and metallurgical communities, eventually countered successfully by sustained research and patient argument. Peer acceptance led in 1957 to the formation of the E24 Committee of the American Society for Testing and Materials, and the subsequent creation of a valuable series of handbooks, so that within a further decade linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) had been additionally and successfully applied to fatigue and stress corrosion cracking. The definition and standardization of measurement specimen shapes and testing procedures opened the way to the development of strong metallic and non-metallic materials with improved fracture toughness properties, thereby leading to safer structures with improved performance. Despite cumulative complexities, fracture mechanics is now associated with a vast published literature and is applied extensively.
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Kaur, Kirandeep. "AVOIDING PLAGIARISM BY USING MLA STYLE GUIDE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1519.
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The writers of ancient literature of oriental civilizations did not give reference in their texts. The concept of giving references in texts was not heard of in those times. However, even in present times also many researchers do not cite the references or quote sources consulted by them, which can be described as an act of plagiarism. Plagiarism is a serious offence where a writer merely copies the ideas of the original writers without acknowledging them. Proper citation of the sources consulted or quoted in the text can help in avoiding plagiarism students of literature must use MLA handbook for making their research work acceptable by the readers all over the world. When MLA style manual was published for the first time in 1951, it was of only 31 pages, whereas 8th edition of the manual has 146 pages. It has kept pace with the changing times and this article highlights the changes made in the 8th edition of the MLA style sheet.
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Barone, Anthony. "Richard Wagner's Parsifal and the theory of late style." Cambridge Opera Journal 7, no. 1 (March 1995): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586700004407.
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Theodor Adorno thought Parsifal unique, in many respects incongruous when compared with Wagner's earlier operas and music dramas. In a 1956 essay, ‘Zur Partitur des Parsifal’ (‘Concerning the Score of Parsifal’), he noted the ‘continually strange newness’ of Wagner's last work, concluding: ‘From out of the waning of his original inventive powers, Wagner's force produces the virtue of a late style; a style that, according to Goethe's dictum, withdraws from appearance’. More recently, Werner Breig paused appreciatively over Adorno's remark about the ‘continually strange newness’, but pursued a different argument. Breig claims that Parsifal was recapitulatory, stylistically homogeneous with the earlier works, and he is supported by Wagner's assertion to Cosima that he had written ‘nothing new’ since Tristan (CWD II, 26 March 1879), a conviction redolent of one the composer had earlier expressed (albeit in entirely different circumstances) in a letter to Mathilde Wesendonck of 2 May 1860: ‘I can now only repeat myself … I have no other significant characteristics to offer’. Breig summarises his position in the Wagner Handbook: ‘The musical structure of Parsifal contains no fundamentally new elements, but rather follows directly upon the achievements of the Ring and Tristan’, thus nodding to the Wagner who cheerfully confessed having ‘take[n] up the old paint pot’ of the Tristan style for Act II of Parsifal (CWD II, 5 April 1878).
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Allen, D. E. "George Bentham's Handbook of the British flora: from controversy to cult." Archives of Natural History 30, no. 2 (October 2003): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2003.30.2.224.
Full textAbstract:
George Bentham's Handbook of the British flora sold steadily for almost a century from its publication in 1858 to the relatively inexperienced for whom it was explicitly intended, thanks to full descriptions, dichotomous keys and a lengthy exposition of botanical terminology. But in using it as a vehicle for his controversially broad conception of species, and in aggressively dismissing in the preface the validity of much work by those who, unlike him, had long investigated that flora critically, Bentham provoked lasting hostility to the book among the more advanced. The continued buoyancy of its sales after Bentham's death owed less to limited revisions by Sir Joseph Hooker than to the dying-off of its competitors and the addition of W. H. Fitch's line-drawings of every species, the colouring-in of which became popular as a substitute for collecting specimens. The book's aggregate approach in its taxonomy, however, had a divisive effect on the field botany community, a situation ended in 1952 by the Flora of the British Isles of A. R. Clapham, T. G. Tutin and E. F. Warburg and its subsequent associated volumes.
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Isbell, RF. "A brief history of national soil classification in Australia since the 1920s." Soil Research 30, no. 6 (1992): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920825.
Full textAbstract:
Modern soil science concepts and ideas relating to classification were introduced into Australia in the late 1920's by J. A. Prescott who, in 1931 and 1944, also produced the first maps of Australia showing the broad soil zones. This was followed up in the fifties by C. G. Stephens who formalised the Great Soil Group concept in his Manual of Australian Soils (1953) and in 1961 produced a map and publication titled The Soil Landscapes of Australia. Around this time however, other ideas were being put forward, notably by E. G. Hallsworth and colleagues, and especially by G. W. Leeper, whose original ideas on classification were to provide the foundation for the Factual Key of K. H. Northcote (1960a), which was used as the basis of the Atlas of Australian Soils project (1960-68). The Great Soil Group concept of Stephens was amplified in 1968 in A Handbook of Australian Soils (Stace et al. 1968) which was produced for the Adelaide International Society of Soil Science Congress. This review also considers the role of numerical methods and of Soil Taxonomy in Australia and concludes that while neither are likely to provide the most suitable scheme for Australia, the use of the latter to identify our soils must be encouraged so that the rest of the world is able to relate to our published soil research. Currently, the Factual Key and Handbook classifications are both used in Australia. Both are obsolescent as they date from the early sixties and the vast amount of soils knowledge accumulated since then, particularly in tropical Australia, has not been incorporated into either system. Their deficiencies have led over the past seven years to the development of a new Australian Classification System (a five-level hierarchial general purpose scheme with mutually exclusive classes identified by keys). This scheme is now being tested throughout Australia.