Journal articles: 'Hand off time'

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Zelouf, D. S. "Time Off Work in Hand Injury Patients." Yearbook of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery 2009 (January 2009): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1551-7977(09)79173-3.

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SKOV, O., B. JEUNE, J. M. LAURITSEN, and T. BARFRED. "Time Off Work After Occupational Hand Injuries." Journal of Hand Surgery 24, no. 2 (April 1999): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.1998.0180.

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This study analysed the impact of several factors on the start and duration of time off work among 802 patients with occupational hand injuries, in order to identify prognostic indicators. The study showed that external factors such as work and social condition seemed to have less influence on time off work than expected, whereas advice from doctors, flashbacks and impairment symptoms were important determinants.

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Wong, Joyce Y. P. "Time Off Work in Hand Injury Patients." Journal of Hand Surgery 33, no. 5 (May 2008): 718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.01.015.

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Chalkias, Athanasios, Nikolaos Vogiatzakis, Konstantinos Tampakis, Maria Kalafati, Lila Papadimitriou, and Theodoros Xanthos. "One-hand chest compression and hands-off time in single-lay rescuer CPR—a manikin study." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 31, no. 10 (October 2013): 1462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.07.030.

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Hage, J. Joris. "History Off-Hand: Bunnell’s No-Man’s Land." HAND 14, no. 4 (December 14, 2017): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944717744337.

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Background: To date, it remains unclear what inspired Dr Sterling Bunnell to start using the typical World War I military term no-man’s land in hand surgical context, only in 1948. To commemorate that Bunnell passed away 60 years ago on August 20, I report on my quest to clarify this. Methods: An extensive bibliography of Bunnell was made up by use of the McDowell Series of Plastic Surgery Indexes and cross-checked by use of a PubMed search. Bunnell’s round-robin letters were searched for in the Sterling Bunnell Hand Surgery Archives of the California Pacific Medical Center Health Services Library in San Francisco, California. In addition, some of the second-generation hand surgeons were personally approached to try and trace the round-robin letters. Finally, the publications of the chiefs of the 9 hand surgical centers and 6 coworkers of Bunnell were checked for referrals to the term no-man’s land. Results: Prior to 1948, no-man’s land was not used in print in hand surgical context. Bunnell’s nearness to the trenches during World War I appears not to have inspired him immediately to start using the term. The reconnaissance tunnels dug through the soil of the no man’s land between the Allied and German trenches likely inspired him to replace a cut tendon through incisions proximal and distal to no-man’s land. Conclusions: Bunnell must have associated his tendon grafting techniques to that of the World War I trenches and tunnels at some time between 1947 and 1948.

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Jathal, Kunal. "Real-Time Timbre Classification for Tabletop Hand Drumming." Computer Music Journal 41, no. 2 (June 2017): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj_a_00419.

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The plethora of electronic drum controllers on the market today are designed for “location-oriented” striking techniques, resulting in an interaction paradigm for finger drumming that is increasingly “controllerist.” Interfaces such as these use the controller in the manner of a musical instrument rather than a simple mixer. The minority of controllers that allow hand-drumming techniques also either conform to region-based triggering design, or, in a trade-off for expressivity, skip out on hardware connectivity options that are vital to the context of the electronic rhythm producer. This article describes the design and implementation of HandSolo, a real-time, timbre-classification drum controller that allows the use of natural hand-drumming strokes, while offering the same end-goal functionality that drum controller users have come to familiarize themselves with over the past decade.

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Fletcher, Leslie. "A wrinkle in time: dermal fillers lend a hand where neuromodulators leave off." Journal of Aesthetic Nursing 6, Sup1 (February 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/joan.2017.6.sup1.5.

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Wataya, Erick Yoshio, Carlos Eduardo Azuma Lijo, Mateus Saito, Marco Antonio Pontes, Caio Takano Kunitake, and Marcelo Rosa de Rezende. "LIFE QUALITY EVALUATION USING “TIME TRADE OFF” METHOD FOR RHEUMATOID HANDS." Acta Ortopédica Brasileira 26, no. 6 (December 2018): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220182606199308.

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ABSTRACT Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is a prevalent disease in the population (range 0.5% to 1%) and involves both orthopedic and rheumatologic treatment. The Time Trade-Off (TTO) technique, which determines the number of years the patient or the professional would be allowed before a successful procedure in terms of life expectancy and value of the procedure, has been gaining ground in clinical protocols. From this standpoint, we sought to compare evaluations provided by the patients, orthopedists, and rheumatologists in determining the TTO and to correlate their responses with the clinical repercussions using previously established scores such as the Brief Michigan Hand Questionnaire and the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28). Methods: A prospective study was conducted that involved 37 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, orthopedists, and rheumatologists. The TTO questionnaire was administered by an independent evaluator for evaluation using the DAS-28 and the Brief Michigan Hand Questionnaire. Results: The descriptive analysis revealed similar medians between the orthopedists, rheumatologists, and patients for single assessments. However, there was a weak correlation between the results from the patient and rheumatologist, the patient and Brief Michigan Questionnaire, and those of the orthopedic surgeon and the DAS-28. Conclusion: Similar median values demonstrated equivalent TTO among the orthopedist, rheumatologist, and patient. However, given the weak correlations between the scores, it was not possible to substitute results using a single evaluation scale. Level of Evidence II, Prognostic Studies.

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Dalal, Priti G., Theodore J. Cios, Theodore K. M. DeMartini, Amit A. Prasad, Meghan C. Whitley, Joseph B. Clark, Leon Lin, Dennis J. Mujsce, and Robert E. Cilley. "A Model for a Standardized and Sustainable Pediatric Anesthesia-Intensive Care Unit Hand-Off Process." Children 7, no. 9 (September 3, 2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7090123.

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Background and Objectives: The hand-off process between pediatric anesthesia and intensive care unit (ICU) teams involves the exchange of patient health information and plays a major role in reducing errors and increasing staff satisfaction. Our objectives were to (1) standardize the hand-off process in children’s ICUs, and (2) evaluate the provider satisfaction, efficiency and sustainability of the improved hand-off process. Methods: Following multidisciplinary discussions, the hand-off process was standardized for transfers of care between anesthesia-ICU teams. A pre-implementation and two post-implementation (6 months, >2 years) staff satisfaction surveys and audits were conducted to evaluate the success, quality and sustainability of the hand-off process. Results: There was no difference in the time spent during the sign out process following standardization—median 5 min for pre-implementation versus 5 and 6 min for post-implementation at six months and >2 years, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of missed items (airway/ventilation, venous access, medications, and laboratory values pertinent events) post-implementation compared to pre-implementation (p ≤ 0.001). In the >2 years follow-up survey, 49.2% of providers felt that the hand-off could be improved versus 78.4% in pre-implementation and 54.2% in the six-month survey (p < 0.001). Conclusion: A standardized interactive hand-off improves the efficiency and staff satisfaction, with a decreased rate of missed information at the cost of no additional time.

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Hermann, Christopher, Metta Watters, Rebecca Sharrer, and Randy Ennis. "Multi-Facility Reduction in Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) Through Real-Time Feedback and Individual Accountability." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s323—s324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.923.

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Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a leading cause of healthcare morbidity and cost for the health community. It is widely recognized that hand hygiene is the leading contributor infections, but hand hygiene still remains a major problem for nearly all healthcare systems. A longitudinal study was conducted over a 4-year period in a community-based health system. Methods: An electronic hand hygiene reminder system was installed in 2 different facilities including both critical care and noncritical units. This system collects data on individual healthcare provider hand hygiene and provides a real-time voice reminder in the event that a provider forgets to perform hand hygiene. The primary study was designed to investigate the impact of a real-time voice reminder to improve hand hygiene. A baseline period of hand hygiene was established prior to the interventions after installing the system without any access to data reporting or the voice reminder. Each of the hospitals had the voice reminder turned on and off 3 times. The baseline HAI rates were established by comparing in each facility for the 12 months prior to the implementation of the system. During the study period, there were no significant changes to other common infection control practices. Results: In both facilities, every time the voices were turned on, hand hygiene improved significantly and each clinical unit saw a >200% improvement in hand hygiene within 3 months of turning the voice reminder. HAIs fell by a statistically significant in all clinical areas by 51%. After a period of stabilization, the voice reminder was turned off hand hygiene compliance fell and HAI rates then increased. The voice reminder was then turned back on and off 2 more times. In every case, hand hygiene rates fell back to the baseline and HAIs returned to their baseline. When the voice reminder was then turned back on, HAIs dropped to 54%–81% of the baseline in each of the clinical units. The system also captured individual providers’ hand hygiene performance data and displayed it in a simple and engaging way, allowing managers easily understand who was struggling with hand hygiene. These data were then leveraged through a series of competitions to systematically drive hand hygiene performance improvement. These included traditional interventions to address an education issue in addition to interventions to identify workflow problems. Conclusions: Using this highly targeted approach, the leadership were able to efficiently drive sustained hand hygiene improvement and a further reduction in HAIs.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Nejatian, S., S. K. Syed Yusof, N. M. Abdul Lattif, V. Rezaie, and V. Asadpour. "Fuzzy Based PC-PUSH in CR-MANETs." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/926709.

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In cognitive radio (CR), the secondary user (SU) needs to hand off its ongoing communication to an idle channel in order to avoid interference to the primary user (PU). Spectrum hand off issue becomes challenging in CR mobile ad hoc networks (CR-MANETs) because of the uncertainty in spectrum availability, broad range of spectrum bands and lack of central entity. The purpose of this study is to design a unified spectrum handoff (USH) scheme for CR-MANETs that considers the spectrum heterogeneity and its availability over time and space. A local flow hand off is performed when spectrum hand off cannot be carried out due to the SUs mobility. To improve further USH, preemptive unified spectrum handoff (PUSH) algorithm is proposed in which two different preemptive hand off threshold regions are defined. The PUSH algorithm also predicts the cognitive link availability considering the PU interference boundary. Although the PUSH scheme improves the hand off performance, the number of spectrum hand offs due to the PU activity should be reduced in this scheme. Therefore, the PC-PUSH (Power Controller-PUSH) scheme is proposed in which the fuzzy logic is used to improve the PUSH in terms of the number of spectrum handoffs because of the PU activity. The PC-PUSH decreases the interference to the PUs, while reducing the number of spectrum handoffs. The results show that the proposed scheme improves the link maintenance probability, decreases the hand off delay, and reduces the number of spectrum handoffs.

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Kurokawa, Ryo, Takao Sato, Ramon Vilanova, and Yasuo Konishi. "Discrete-Time First-Order Plus Dead-Time Model-Reference Trade-off PID Control Design." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 7, 2019): 3220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163220.

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The present study proposes a novel proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control design method in discrete time. In the proposed method, a PID controller is designed for first-order plus dead-time (FOPDT) systems so that the prescribed robust stability is accomplished. Furthermore, based on the control performance, the relationship between the servo performance and the regulator performance is a trade-off relationship, and hence, these items are not simultaneously optimized. Therefore, the proposed method provides an optimal design method of the PID parameters for optimizing the reference tracking and disturbance rejection performances, respectively. Even though such a trade-off design method is being actively researched for continuous time, few studies have examined such a method for discrete time. In conventional discrete time methods, the robust stability is not directly prescribed or available systems are restricted to systems for which the dead-time in the continuous time model is an integer multiple of the sampling interval. On the other hand, in the proposed method, even when a discrete time zero is included in the controlled plant, the optimal PID parameters are obtained. In the present study, as well as the other plant parameters, a zero in the FOPDT system is newly normalized, and then, a universal design method is obtained for the FOPDT system with the zero. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical examples.

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Shafiee, Mahmood, Mohammad Saidi Mehrabad, and Ezzatollah Asgharizadeh. "Developing a trade-off between upgrade action time and warranty length for second-hand electrical components." International Journal of Product Development 12, no. 3/4 (2010): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpd.2010.036395.

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Eisele, A., C. Dereskewitz, S. Kus, C. Oberhauser, K. D. Rudolf, M. Coenen, C. Best, et al. "Factors affecting time off work in patients with traumatic hand injuries—A bio-psycho-social perspective." Injury 49, no. 10 (October 2018): 1822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2018.07.012.

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Machida, Takuya. "Limit theorems for the interference terms of discrete-time quantum walks on the line." Quantum Information and Computation 13, no. 7&8 (May 2013): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic13.7-8-7.

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The probability distributions of discrete-time quantum walks have been often investigated, and many interesting properties of them have been discovered. The probability that the walker can be find at a position is defined by diagonal elements of the density matrix. On the other hand, although off-diagonal parts of the density matrices have an important role to quantify quantumness, they have not received attention in quantum walks. We focus on the off-diagonal parts of the density matrices for discrete-time quantum walks on the line and derive limit theorems for them.

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Neutel, Niels, Peter Houpt, and Arnold Herman Schuurman. "Prognostic factors for return to work and resumption of other daily activities after traumatic hand injury." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 44, no. 2 (November 22, 2018): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193418812645.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate prognostic factors for the time off work, the time to resumption of activities of daily living and hobbies, and duration of complaints in patients with a traumatic hand or wrist injury. In a 10-month longitudinal prospective cohort study, 383 patients were included and interviewed in person every 2 to 3 months. Several sociodemographic, psychological and work-related prognostic factors were investigated. For the time off work, job type, diagnosis, complication, blaming someone else for the trauma and gender were all found to be individual prognostic factors in Cox regression. For the time to resumption of activities of daily living and hobbies, and duration of complaints, gender, diagnosis, treatment and complications were found to be prognostic factors in univariate analysis. Age was solely correlated with resumption of activities of daily living and the duration of complaints. Considering these prognostic factors can help predict a patient’s recovery more accurately. Level of evidence: II

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Dai, Hengchen, Katherine L. Milkman, David A. Hofmann, and Bradley R. Staats. "The impact of time at work and time off from work on rule compliance: The case of hand hygiene in health care." Journal of Applied Psychology 100, no. 3 (May 2015): 846–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038067.

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Dabkienė, Vida. "Off-farm role in stabilizing disposable farm income: A Lithuanian case study." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 7 (July 21, 2020): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/69/2020-agricecon.

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The paper aims to investigate family farm income volatility by decomposing disposable farm income (DFI) into the on-farm income, income from production support and off-farm income (OFI) over time. The research is focused on the OFI, assessing its role in achieving DFI above reference level based on the average net earnings. Three main indicators consistent with Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) were indicated. The research results revealed the significance of OFI. In 2017, 76% of the family farms were engaged in off-farm activities indicating, on one hand that such approaches as part-time farming or lifestyle farming are becoming more attractive to Lithuanian family farmers. On the other hand, research disclosed that farms mostly engaged in off-farm activities yield the lowest on-farm income levels. Moreover, the OFI tends to produce a stabilizing effect on quite a number of farmers as the majority of family farms cannot rely upon the on-farm income as their only income source. Thus, the agricultural and rural development policy makers, aimed at supporting viable farm income and strengthening farm resilience, have to answer the part-time farmers’ needs.

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Wang, Wanyuan, Hansi Tao, and Yichuan Jiang. "Efficient Delivery Services Sharing with Time Windows." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 7431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217431.

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Delivery service sharing (DSS) has made an important contribution in the optimization of daily order delivery applications. Existing DSS algorithms introduce two major limitations. First, due to computational reasons, most DSS algorithms focus on the fixed pickup/drop-off time scenario, which is inconvenient for real-world scenarios where customers can choose the pickup/drop-off time flexibly. On the other hand, to address the intractable DSS with the flexible time windows (DSS-Fle), local search-based heuristics are widely employed; however, they have no theoretical results on the advantage of order sharing. Against this background, this paper designs a novel algorithm for DSS-Fle, which is efficient on both time complexity and system throughput. Inspired by the efficiency of shareability network on the delivery service routing (DSR) variant where orders cannot be shared and have the fixed time window, we first consider the variant of DSR with flexible time windows (DSR-Fle). For DSR-Fle, the order’s flexible time windows are split into multiple virtual fixed time windows, one of which is chosen by the shareability network as the order’s service time. On the other hand, inspired by efficiency of local search heuristics, we further consider the variant of DSS with fixed time window (DSS-Fix). For DSS-Fix, the beneficial sharing orders are searched and inserted to the shareability network. Finally, combining the spitting mechanism proposed in DSR-Fle and the inserting mechanism proposed in DSS-Fix together, an efficient algorithm is proposed for DSS-Fle. Simulation results show that the proposed DSS-Fle variant algorithm can scale to city-scale scenarios with thousands of regions, orders and couriers, and has the significant advantage on improving system throughput.

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Zhang, Yiting, Jianhua He, Siqi Tao, Wensheng Ji, and Libin Chen. "Research on Target Searching Strategy Using Mutual Cueing of Multi-sensor in Multi-platform." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 37, no. 2 (April 2019): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20193720308.

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The cueing model for sensor cueing phased array radar is built in this paper to research the mutual cueing of multi-sensor in multi-platform for target searching. For the purpose of establishing the distribution probability density model of targets in cueing airspace, cueing error of multi-platform is derived with error transfer method. The successful cueing probability and false hand-off probability between platforms are analyzed, meanwhile the requirement of timeliness is defined. An optimized target searching strategy of cueing radar which adopts distance search through using the cueing center as starting point and controlling false hand-off probability of a single wave position is put forward. The simulation result illustrates that the searching strategy can significantly save radar search resources to capture target successfully, simultaneously decrease the false hand-off probability. The strategy can be applied to the design of dynamic programming software of multi-sensor in multi-platform for collaborative search, which requires accuracy and real-time capability.

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Taban, Duaa A., Ali Al-Zuky, Shaymaa H. Kafi, Anwar H. Al-Saleh, and Haidar J. Mohamad. "Smart Electronic Switching (ON/OFF) System Based on Real-time Detection of Hand Location in the Video Frames." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1963, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1963/1/012002.

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Ho, Goen E., and Suprihanto Notodarmojo. "Phosphorus movement through soils and groundwater: application of a time-dependent sorption model." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 9 (May 1, 1995): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0347.

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Pollution of groundwater, wetlands, rivers, estuaries and near shore waters by phosphorus is now fairly common due to run-off from agricultural areas and wastewater discharges. In the application of fertilisers in agriculture it has been observed that sandy soils result in high phosphorus concentrations in the run-off. On the other hand loamy soils result in less phosphorus run-off. Phosphate-phosphorus sorption by soils has been observed to be time dependent. A model has been developed to describe the movement of phosphorus through soils to take into account the processes of convection, dispersion and time-dependent sorption. The model enables prediction of phosphorus breakthrough in a soil column. A comparison is made of predicted breakthrough curves with results obtained using two types of soil: a sandy soil from Australia and a loamy soil from Indonesia. The model has direct application to field situations where phosphate-phosphorus moves vertically downward through the unsaturated zone to the water table, and horizontally through the groundwater aquifer. Parameters of the model can potentially be derived from simple batch sorption experiments.

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Marquez Alcaide, Abraham, Jose I. Leon, Marta Laguna, Francisco Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Ramon Portillo, Eduardo Zafra-Ratia, Sergio Vazquez, Leopoldo G. Franquelo, Sertac Bayhan, and Haitham Abu-Rub. "Real-Time Selective Harmonic Mitigation Technique for Power Converters Based on the Exchange Market Algorithm." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071659.

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Hand-in-hand with the smart-grid paradigm development, power converters used in high-power applications are facing important challenges related to efficiency and power quality. To overcome these issues, the pre-programmed Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) methods have been extensively applied to reduce the harmonic distortion with very low power switching losses for high-power converters. Among the pre-programmed PWM techniques, Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) has been the prevailing solution, but recently, Selective Harmonic Mitigation (SHM) stands as a superior alternative to provide further control of the harmonic spectrum with similar losses. However, the large computational burden required by the SHM method to find a solution confines it as an off-line application, where the switching set valid solutions are pre-computed and stored in a memory. In this paper, for the first time, a real-time implementation of SHM using an off-the-shelf mid-range microcontroller is presented and tested. The Exchange Market Algorithm (EMA), initially focused on optimizing financial transactions, is considered and executed to achieve the SHM targets. The performance of the EMA-based SHM is presented showing experimental results considering a reduced number of switching angles applied to a specific three-level converter, but the method can be extrapolated to any other three-level converter topology.

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WATTS, A. M. I., M. GREENSTOCK, and R. P. COLE. "Outcome Following the Rehabilitation of Hand Trauma Patients." Journal of Hand Surgery 23, no. 4 (August 1998): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(98)80128-9.

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Objective measures of hand function have been used to assess the outcome of rehabilitation following trauma. However, subjective assessments of function have been avoided by clinicians due to the difficulty in proving their validity and reliability. We have developed a subjective hand function scoring system (HFS), based on an activities of daily living assessment, which is used in planning and monitoring progress through rehabilitation. The HFS for 64 traumatic hand injuries were assessed on admission and discharge, and a significant improvement was found. There was a positive correlation between the HFS on admission and both the severity of injury, and the length of time off work. This scoring system is not validated, but this study illustrates the use of subjective functional scoring systems in the planning, delivery and evaluation of rehabilitation.

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Yanti, Yanti. "ANALISIS PENGARUH TEKANAN WAKTU, PROSEDUR REVIU & KONTROL KUALITAS, PROFESIONAL KOMITMEN, DAN PROFESIONALISME TERHADAP PENGHENTIAN PREMATUR ATAS PROSEDUR AUDIT (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA INTERNAL AUDITOR DI PERUSAHAAN DKI JAKARTA TAHUN 2017)." Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis 2, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmieb.v2i2.1803.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of the time pressure, procedur review & control quality, professional comitment, professional on premature sign-off of audit procedure. The data used in this research were obtained by distribusing questionnaires to the internal auditor who worked on the company in DKI Jakarta. Company that used in this study consists of 7 company. The result of this study show that time pressure have positive and significant effect on premature sign-off of audit procedure. On the other hand, procedur review & control quality, professional comitment and professional have negative and did not have any significant impact on premature sign-off of audit procedure.

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Cadieux, Michelle L., and David I. Shore. "Response Demands and Blindfolding in the Crossed-Hands Deficit: An Exploration of Reference Frame Conflict." Multisensory Research 26, no. 5 (2013): 465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002423.

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Performance on tactile temporal order judgments (TOJs) is impaired when the hands are crossed over the midline. The cause of this effect appears to be tied to the use of an external reference frame, most likely based on visual information. We measured the effect of degrading the external reference frame on the crossed-hand deficit through restriction of visual information across three experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 examined three visual conditions (eyes open–lights on, eyes open–lights off, and eyes closed–lights off) while manipulating response demands; no effect of visual condition was seen. In Experiment 3, response demands were altered to be maximally connected to the internal reference frame and only two visual conditions were tested: eyes open–lights on, eyes closed–lights off. Blindfolded participants had a reduced crossed-hands deficit. Results are discussed in terms of the time needed to recode stimuli from an internal to an external reference frame and the role of conflict between these two reference frames in causing this effect.

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Petridis, Ioannis G., Pagona G. Gouletsou, Marianna S. Barbagianni, George S. Amiridis, Christos Brozos, Irene Valasi, and George C. Fthenakis. "Ultrasonographic findings in the ovine udder during involution." Journal of Dairy Research 81, no. 3 (June 4, 2014): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029914000223.

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The objective of the study was to record, by means of ultrasonographic examination, changes occurring in the udder of ewes during involution and to compare differences between progressive or abrupt udder drying-off. In group A ewes, udder drying-off took place progressively during a period of 22 d; ewes were milked twice daily for the last time on day(D) 0; then, they were hand-milked once daily for a week (D1–D7), which was followed by another week during which ewes were hand-milked once every 2 d (D9, D11, D13), followed by a third week during which ewes were hand-milked once every 3 d (D16, D19, D22). In group B ewes, the procedure took place abruptly; ewes were milked twice daily for the last time on D0 and no milking was carried out after that. B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic examination of the udder of all ewes was performed throughout the drying-off procedure. Appropriate data management and analysis were performed. Progressive changes of the various parameters evaluated throughout the study period were significant in both groups (P<0·005). Gray-scale results of mammary parenchyma progressively decreased during the study and differed significantly between group A and group B (P=0·049). A temporary increase in cistern volume was evident after cessation of lactation, but differences were not significant between the two groups (P>0·3). Diameter of the external pudendal artery progressively decreased during the study and differed significantly between the two groups (P=0·037). Both resistance index and pulsatility index progressively increased throughout the study period in both groups; for both parameters, differences between the two groups were significant (P<0·0005). B-mode ultrasonographic examination indicated differences in remodelling of the extracellular matrix in relation to the procedure for udder drying-off. Volume of the gland cistern did not appear to be affected by the procedure for udder drying-off. Doppler ultrasonographic examination confirmed that blood flow during initiated involution was lower than during a progressive procedure for drying-off.

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Bäckström, Christer, and Peter Jonsson. "Time and Space Bounds for Planning." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 60 (November 21, 2017): 595–638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5535.

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There is an extensive literature on the complexity of planning, but explicit bounds on time and space complexity are very rare. On the other hand, problems like the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) have been thoroughly analysed in this respect. We provide a number of upper- and lower-bound results (the latter based on various complexity-theoretic assumptions such as the Exponential Time Hypothesis) for both satisficing and optimal planning. We show that many classes of planning instances exhibit a dichotomy: either they can be solved in polynomial time or they cannot be solved in subexponential time. In many cases, we can even prove closely matching upper and lower bounds. Our results also indicate, analogously to CSPs, the existence of sharp phase transitions. We finally study and discuss the trade-off between time and space. In particular, we show that depth-first search may sometimes be a viable option for planning under severe space constraints.

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Berlich, Carolin, Felix Daut, Anna C. Freund, Andrea Kampmann, Benedict Killing, Friedrich Sommer, and Arnt Wöhrmann. "Deutsche Bahn AG: a former monopoly off track?" CASE Journal 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 25–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-07-2014-0051.

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Synopsis Deutsche Bahn AG (Deutsche Bahn hereafter) was the former German railroad monopolist until deregulation in 1996. It was a well-known company that operated in worldwide markets for transport and logistics at the time of the case (late 2013). The case “Deutsche Bahn AG: a former monopoly off track?” focuses on the opportunities and challenges faced by Deutsche Bahn with regard to its position in the German individual transportation market. On the one hand, Deutsche Bahn is facing external problems. Increasing competition in short- and long-distance traffic threatens its strong business position. The competition emerged from a growing long-distance bus market and the increase in private railway companies. During the last few years before 2013, Deutsche Bahn has lost several public tenders for individual passenger travel in Germany. On the other hand, Deutsche Bahn has internal problems that endanger its image as a service company. A lack of service quality and the technical condition of its trains has led to rising numbers of customer complaints. In addition, staffing and punctuality problems have exacerbated the situation. One of the main technical issues the company faces is that ordered trains have not been delivered on time. Given the focus on Deutsche Bahn’s domestic challenges, its international business activities are tackled only briefly. While regulatory and political events have an impact on Deutsche Bahn, these are not the main subjects of the case. Research methodology This case has been written from public sources. Consequently, no company release is provided. None of the information has been disguised in any way. Relevant courses and levels The case is intended for use in a 90-minute strategic management class attended by students at the end of their undergraduate studies or in postgraduate study. Although the case relates to issues in strategic management, the special regulatory environment and some of the issues covered could make the case a useful complement in other classes as well, such as classes in supply chain management (procurement) or the management of public companies. Therefore, students should have basic knowledge in developing strategies, management, marketing, human resource management, and finance. Theoretical bases Strategic Analysis and Strategic Management, Railroad Logistics, Deregulation of a former Monopoly, Stakeholder Theory.

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Ganesan, M., and S. Sendilvelan. "Experimental Analysis of Telescopic Catalytic Converter in a Petrol Engine to Reduce Cold Start Emission." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 25 (August 2016): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.25.28.

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Control of harmful emissions during cold start of the engine has become a challenging task over the years due to the ever increasing stringent emission norms. Positioning of the catalytic converter closer to the exhaust manifold is an efficient way of achieving rapid light-off temperature. On the other hand, the resulting higher thermal loading under high-load engine operation may substantially cause thermal degradation and accelerate catalyst ageing. The objective of the present work is to reduce the light-off time of the catalyst and at the same time to reduce the thermal degradation and ageing of the catalyst to the minimum possible extent. In the present work two innovative approaches namely Parallel Catalytic Converter System (PCCS) and Telescopic Catalytic Converter System (TCCS) have been adopted to reduce the light-off time of the catalyst. The tests were conducted on a 4 cylinder Spark Ignition Engine under cold start condition. It was established that considerable reduction in the light-off time was achieved by using TCCS. Further reduction in the light-off time was achieved by using pre catalysts (40%vol. & 20%vol.) and hot air injection. It has been found that 13% reduction in CO light-off time was achieved with pre-catalyst (40%vol.), 50% reduction with pre-catalyst (20%vol.) and 66% reduction with hot air injector system, when compared to TCCS. Also 14% reduction in HC light-off time was achieved with pre-catalyst (40%vol.), 43% reduction with pre-catalyst (20%vol.) and 63% reduction with hot air injection system, when compared to TCCS. It was also established that light-off time of TCCS can be brought down to 10 seconds using hot air injection.

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Huu, Phat Nguyen, and Tan Phung Ngoc. "Hand Gesture Recognition Algorithm Using SVM and HOG Model for Control of Robotic System." Journal of Robotics 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3986497.

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In this study, we propose the gesture recognition algorithm using support vector machines (SVM) and histogram of oriented gradient (HOG). Besides, we also use the CNN model to classify gestures. We approach and select techniques of applying problem controlling for the robotic system. The goal of the algorithm is to detect gestures with real-time processing speed, minimize interference, and reduce the ability to capture unintentional gestures. Static gesture controls are used in this study including on, off, increasing, and decreasing. Besides, it uses motion gestures including turning on the status switch and increasing and decreasing the volume. Results show that the algorithm is up to 99% accuracy with a 70-millisecond execution time per frame that is suitable for industrial applications.

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Oktrifianto, Rahmat, Dani Adhipta, and Warsun Najib. "Page Load Time Speed Increase on Disease Outbreak Investigation Information System Website." IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 2, no. 4 (September 10, 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.46599.

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Outbreaks or extraordinary events often become an issue that occurs in Indonesia. Therefore, an outbreak investigation information system is required to collect, manage and analyze data quickly and accurately. On the other hand, challenges in data accessing processes in certain locations are still constrained by a slow internet connection. This paper conducted speed increase of a page load or site speed time from disease outbreaks investigation information system website.Page load time speed testing was carried out using Google Chrome Developer Tools and using simulation speeds of 2.5 Mbps. Testing time was carried out by dividing the time into three sections, morning hours, working hours and night hours. Implementation of page load time increase includes reducing HTTP requests, utilizing GZIP compression, performing code minification, setting browser chache, using CDN, and using other enhancement techniques.The results showed that after implementing an increase in page load time by turning off cache and using cache, there was an increase in site speed. When the browser cache was turned off, an average page load time increased of 54.79% from the previous time. Whereas when using the browser cache, page load time speed increased by 55.28% from the previous time.

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Jeon, Young-Chul, Jun-Ho Eum, Sung-Hoon Kim, Jung-Chul Park, and Sung Il Ahn. "Effect of the on/off Cycling Modulation Time Ratio of / Flows on the Formation of Geometrically Controlled Carbon Coils." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/908961.

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Carbon coils could be synthesized using C2H2/H2as source gases and SF6as an incorporated additive gas under thermal chemical vapor deposition system. Nickel catalyst layer deposition and then hydrogen plasma pretreatment were performed prior to the carbon coils deposition reaction. To obtain the geometrically controlled carbon coils, the cycling on/off modulation process for C2H2/SF6flows was introduced during the initial reaction. According to the different reaction processes, the different cycling on/off ratio and the different cycling numbers for C2H2/SF6flows were carried out. The characteristics (formation density, morphology, and geometry) of the deposited carbon coils on the substrate were investigated. Microsized coils as well as nanosized coils could be existed under the higher growing/etching time ratio (180/30 s) condition. On the other hand, the formation of nanosized coils could be mainly observed under the lower growing/etching time ratio (30/180 s) condition. With increasing the numbers of cycles, the diameters of carbon nanofilaments composed the coils decreased. The enhanced etching ability by the fluorine species was considered the main cause to control the geometry of carbon coils according to the growing/etching time ratio of the cycling on/off modulation process for C2H2/SF6flows.

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van Dijk, Manon D., Sanne A. Mulder, Vicki Erasmus, A. H. Elise van Beeck, Joke M. J. J. Vermeeren, Xiaona Liu, Ed F. van Beeck, and Margreet C. Vos. "A multimodal regional intervention strategy framed as friendly competition to improve hand hygiene compliance." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 40, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.261.

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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of friendly competition on hand hygiene compliance as part of a multimodal intervention program.DesignProspective observational study in which the primary outcome was hand hygiene compliance. Differences were analyzed using the Pearson χ2 test. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval were calculated using multilevel logistic regression.SettingObservations were performed in 9 public hospitals and 1 rehabilitation center in Rotterdam, Netherlands.ParticipantsFrom 2014 to 2016, at 5 time points (at 6-month intervals) in 120 hospital wards, 20,286 hand hygiene opportunities were observed among physicians, nurses, and other healthcare workers (HCWs).InterventionThe multimodal, friendly competition intervention consisted of mandatory interventions: monitoring and feedback of hand hygiene compliance and optional interventions (ie, e-learning, kick-off workshop, observer training, and team training). Hand hygiene opportunities, as formulated by the World Health Organization (WHO), were unobtrusively observed at 5 time points by trained observers. Compliance data were presented to the healthcare organizations as a ranking.ResultsThe overall mean hand hygiene compliance at time point 1 was 42.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41.4–44.4), which increased to 51.4% (95% CI, 49.8–53.0) at time point 5 (P<.001). Nurses showed a significant improvement between time points 1 and 5 (P<.001), whereas the compliance of physicians and other HCWs remained unchanged. In the multilevel logistic regressions, time points, type of ward, and type of HCW showed a significant association with compliance.ConclusionBetween the start and the end of the multimodal intervention program in a friendly competition setting, overall hand hygiene compliance increased significantly.

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Katsevman, G. A., J. A. Braca, C. L. Sedney, and L. Hatchett. "Needlestick injuries among healthcare professionals in training: using the surgical ‘time-out’ and hand-off protocols to deter high-risk needlesticks." Journal of Hospital Infection 95, no. 1 (January 2017): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2016.10.018.

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Tanaka, Yasunori, Koji Yano, Mitsuo Okamoto, Akio Takatsuka, Kazuo Arai, and Tsutomu Yatsuo. "1270V, 1.21mΩ·cm² SiC Buried Gate Static Induction Transistors (SiC-BGSITs)." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 1071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.1071.

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We have succeeded to fabricate SiC buried gate static induction transistors (BGSITs) with the breakdown voltage VBR of 1270 V at the gate voltage VGS of –12 V and the specific on-resistance RonS of 1.21 mΩ·cm2 at VGS = 2.5 V. The turn-off behaviors of BGSITs strongly depend on the source length WS, which is the distance between the gate electrodes. The rise time tr of BGSIT for WS = 1,070 μm is 395 nsec, while that for WS = 210 μm is 70nsec. From the 3D computer simulations, we confirmed that the difference in turn-off behavior came from the time delay in potential barrier formation in channel region because of high p+ gate resistivity. The turn-off behaviors also depend on the operation temperature, especially for long WS. On the other hand, the turn-on behaviors hardly depend on the WS and temperature.

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HARTH, A., G. GERMANN, and A. JESTER. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Patient-Oriented Hand Rehabilitation Programme." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 33, no. 6 (October 20, 2008): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193408091602.

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This study evaluated the effectiveness of a patient-oriented, hand rehabilitation programme compared to a standard programme regarding functional outcomes, return to work, patient satisfaction and costs. Patients were recruited in two consecutive cohorts. One cohort received the standard treatment programme ( n = 75) and the other a programme based on principles of patient orientation ( n = 75). Data were collected at the beginning and end of rehabilitation and 6 months after discharge. Clinical variables included range of motion, grip and pinch strength. Self-reported measures included pain, upper extremity functioning, health status, satisfaction and job situation. Analysis of variance for repeated measurements was used to calculate the main effects. The patient-oriented group showed more favourable results with respect to DASH scores ( P <.05), pain ( P <.001) and patient satisfaction ( P <.0001). More patients returned to their former jobs and time off sick was reduced. We concluded that the patient-oriented approach was more effective and cost-saving.

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Li, Jian, Lu Liu, Hao Hu, Qiuhong Zhao, and Libin Guo. "An Inventory Model for Deteriorating Drugs with Stochastic Lead Time." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 2772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122772.

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Inventory management of deteriorating drugs has attracted considerable attention recently in hospitals. Drugs are a kind of special product. Two characteristics of some drugs are the shorter shelf life and high service level. This causes hospitals a great deal of difficulty in inventory management of perishable drugs. On one hand, hospitals should increase the drug inventory to achieve a higher service level. On the other hand, hospitals should decrease the drug inventory because of the short shelf life of drugs. An effective management of pharmaceuticals is required to ensure 100% product availability at the right time, at the right cost, in good conditions to the right customers. This requires a trade-off between shelf-life and service level. In addition, many uncontrollable factors can lead to random lead time of drugs. This paper focuses on deteriorating drugs with stochastic lead time. We have established a stochastic lead time inventory model for deteriorating drugs with fixed demand. The lead time obeyed a certain distribution function and shortages were allowed. This model also considered constraints on service level, stock space and drug shelf life. Through the analysis of the model, the shelf life of drugs and service level were weighted in different lead time distributions. Empirical analysis and sensitivity analysis were given to get reach important conclusions and enlightenment.

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HERNÁNDEZ CASTILLO, IGNACIO, ORQUÍDEA SÁNCHEZ LÓPEZ, GUILLERMO ARTURO LANCHO ROMERO, and CUAUHTÉMOC HÉCTOR CASTAÑEDA ROLDÁN. "An experimental study of surface roughness in electrical discharge machining of AISI 304 stainless steel." Ingeniería e Investigación 38, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v38n2.67711.

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The effect of the pulse current, pulse on time and pulse off time on the surface roughness of AISI 304 stainless steel workpieces produced by electric discharge machining (EDM) using grade GSP-70 graphite electrodes was studied. A factorial design was performed, considering two levels for each of the three established parameters. From the statistical analysis, it was obtained that the pulse current and pulse on time are the most significant machining parameters on the obtained surface roughness values of the stainless steel AISI 304 workpieces machined by EDM. On the other hand, the regression analysis of a second order model was done to estimate the average roughness (Ra) in terms of the pulse current, pulse on time and pulse off time. Finally, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the roughness values estimated by the second order regression model and the roughness obtained experimentally is also presented.

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Vestberg, Mauritz. "The effect of preceding crops on damping-off of sugar beet and some ecological properties of the fungus Pythium Pringsh." Agricultural and Food Science 59, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72252.

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The short- and long-term effects of preceding crops on damping-off of sugar beet were studied in pot trials in the glasshouse. Of the different types of plants studied, cereals most effectively decreased disease frequency. At the same time cereals on average also decreased the number of Pythium propagules in the soil, this being a short-and long-term effect. Legumes, on the other hand, seemed not to affect or even to increase damping-off as compared to continuously cultivated sugar beet. The influence on preceding crops on different soil types varied greatly. The inoculum density or potential of Pythium generally correlated poorly with damping-off of sugar beet. Nor did disease transformations cause any overall improvement of correlations.

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Payolla, Tanyara B., Caio J. Teixeira, Fabio T. Sato, Gilson M. Murata, Gizela A. Zonta, Frhancielly S. Sodré, Carolina V. Campos, Filiphe N. Mesquita, Gabriel F. Anhê, and Silvana Bordin. "In Utero Dexamethasone Exposure Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis in Rats That Consume Fructose During Adulthood." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (September 5, 2019): 2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092114.

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Distinct environmental insults might interact with fructose consumption and contribute to the development of metabolic disorders. To address whether in utero glucocorticoid exposure and fructose intake modulate metabolic responses, adult female Wistar rats were exposed to dexamethasone (DEX) during pregnancy, and the offspring were administered fructose at a later time. Briefly, dams received DEX during the third period of pregnancy, while control dams remained untreated. Offspring born to control and DEX-treated mothers were defined as CTL-off and DEX-off, respectively, while untreated animals were designated CTL-off-CTL and DEX-off-CTL. CLT-off and DEX-off treated with 10% fructose in the drinking water for 8 weeks are referred to as CTL-off-FRU and DEX-off-FRU. We found that fructose promoted glucose intolerance and whole-body gluconeogenesis in both CTL-off-FRU and DEX-off-FRU animals. On the other hand, hepatic lipid accumulation was significantly stimulated in DEX-off-FRU rats when compared to the CTL-off-FRU group. The DEX-off-FRU group also displayed impaired very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and reduced hepatic expression of apoB, mttp, and sec22b. DEX-off-FRU has lower hepatic levels of autophagy markers. Taken together, our results support the unprecedented notion that in utero glucocorticoid exposure exacerbates hepatic steatosis caused by fructose consumption later in life.

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Baines, Donna, Paul Kent, and Sally Kent. "‘Off My Own Back’: Precarity on the Frontlines of Care Work." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 5 (January 4, 2019): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017018817488.

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Hailed by some as representing the ‘most profound change in Australian disability history’, care work in the disability sector under the new National Disability Insurance Scheme is described by one frontline worker as ‘a massive swing towards a casual workforce and a massive cultural shock’. This firsthand account draws on 13 pages of unsolicited hand-written notes from a long-time, frontline care worker and his wife, as well as an in-depth interview and subsequent telephone and email conversations. The article gives voice to the experience of the frontline as disability workers grapple with almost complete casualization of their work, as the state retreats from its role in regulating employment and protecting workers in favour of the marketization of services and the advancing of the human rights of people with disabilities.

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Vasco, Cristian, Rodrigo Valdiviezo, Herman Hernández, Valdano Tafur, David Eche, and Estefanía Jácome. "Off-Farm Employment, Forest Clearing and Natural Resource Use: Evidence from the Ecuadorian Amazon." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 4515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114515.

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Off-farm employment in rural households has been cited in the literature as a potentially ideal alternative to reduce forest clearing and pressure on natural resources, since it provides income while at the same time taking household labor away from the farm. Nonetheless, empirical research on the relationship between off-farm work and natural resource use is still scarce. This paper examines the impact of off-farm work on forest clearing, logging, hunting, and fishing among both migrant colonists and indigenous populations in the Ecuadorian Amazon. In contrast to prior research, we use an instrumental variable approach to control for the potential endogeneity of off-farm work with respect to natural resource use. The results indicate that the higher the number of days worked off-farm at the household level, the lower the forest clearing. On the other hand, the number of days worked off-farm has no effect on logging, hunting, and fishing. The implications of this for sustainable development and conservation are explored in the conclusion section.

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Moore, Anne E. "Effect of Cycle Time and Duty Cycle on Muscle Activity during a Repetitive Manual Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 30 (July 2000): 5–461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403016.

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Lack of rest of the so called “Cinderella” fibres during repetitive or static tasks has been suggested as one cause for local metabolic disturbances leading to muscle pain. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of duty cycle and cycle time on the ability of the muscle to rest during a simulated screw running task. Eight females sat at an adjustable workstation and grasped a cylindrical handle driven by a computer controlled torque motor. The motor applied 1.4 Nm of torque at combinations of one of four cycle times (3, 6, 12 and 20 s) and 3 duty cycles (25, 50 and 83% of time). While working, hand torque, hand grip force and EMG from the extensor carpi radialus brevis muscle were measured. “Biomechanical” duty cycles were calculated from the division of the mean of the whole cycle by the mean of the “work” portion of the cycle. A gap analysis was performed (EMG amplitude below .5% MVC for at least .2 s). The results show that biomechanical duty cycles (force and EMG) are longer than the applied motor duty cycle. The increase in duty cycle was greater for muscle than hand force and greatest at 25% motor duty cycle. At 83% applied duty cycle, the increase in muscle biomechanical duty cycle was such that EMG activity occupied more than 90% of the cycle time. The gap analysis showed that with short cycle times (< 6 s) the amount of time available for the muscle to completely shut off is reduced with increased potential for musculoskeletal disorders.

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Azarpaikan, Atefeh, Hamid Reza Taherii Torbati, Mehdi Sohrabi, Reza Boostani, and Majid Ghoshoni. "Timing-Dependent Priming Effects of Anodal tDCS on Two-Hand Coordination." Journal of Psychophysiology 34, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000250.

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Abstract. The aim of study was to investigate the interaction of time of applying anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with motor learning using a two-hand coordination (THC) task. Sixty-four healthy participants were tested under four stimulation conditions: anodal tDCS a head of the motor task, anodal tDCS during the motor task, anodal tDCS following the motor task, and sham tDCS. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) stimulation was applied on cerebellum by using a weak direct current (15 min) of 1.5 mA generated by a battery and regulated by the drive stimulator. The results show that on-line learning increased in the anodal tDCS-during group ( p = .039). The anodal tDCS-after group relied more on off-line learning ( p = .05). The during-tDCS and after-tDCS groups achieved greater improvements in speed/accuracy than the before-tDCS and sham-tDCS groups. The cerebellar tDCS may play a significant role to speed up motor skill acquisition and improve motor skill accuracy.

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Kampf, Günter, and Christiane Ostermeyer. "Influence of Applied Volume on Efficacy of 3-Minute Surgical Reference Disinfection Method prEN 12791." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 12 (December 2004): 7066–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.12.7066-7069.2004.

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ABSTRACT For assessment of the efficacy of surgical hand disinfection, European reference method prEN 12791 prescribes that the hands must be kept wet with the reference alcohol for 3 min regardless of the applied volume. The aim of this study was to determine whether the applied volume of the reference disinfectant n-propanol (60%, vol/vol) influences the effect on the resident hand flora. Ten experiments with 200 reference disinfections were analyzed. Hands were washed for 1 min with soap. The bacterial prevalue was obtained by rubbing fingertips in tryptic soy broth for 1 min. After this, each subject treated the hands with n-propanol (60%, vol/vol) by using as many portions as necessary to keep hands wet for a total of 3 min. Bacterial postvalues (immediate effect) were obtained for one hand, and the other hand was gloved for 3 h. After the gloves were taken off, a second postvalue was obtained (sustained effect). Most surgical reference disinfections (73%) were achieved with 9 ml of the reference alcohol, followed by 12 ml (24%) and 6 ml (3%). There was no significant difference between the mean log10 reduction values for the three treatment groups, both in terms of the immediate effect (P = 0.333, as determined by analysis of variance) and in terms of the sustained effect (P = 0.442). A higher number of portions did not correlate with a higher reduction factor (for immediate effect, Pearson's correlation coefficient = −0.028 [P = 0.689]; for sustained effect, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.059 [P = 0.404]). If the hands were kept wet with the reference alcohol for the total application time, the applied volume could vary, but this did not alter the efficacy.

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Shin, Jin Myeong, Jang Jin Park, Seol Woo Shin, Myung Seung Yang, and Ho Hee Lee. "Radioactivity Analysis of DUPIC Fuel Fabrication Process According to Burn-Up and Cooling Time." Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (January 2005): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.475.

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A radioactivity analysis of OREOX and the sintering steps for the DUPIC fuel fabrication process has been conducted. This study utilized ORIGEN2 code to calculate and analyze the radioactivity of spent fuels for various burn-up and cooling times. The analysis results have shown that the activity reduction of spent fuels after DUPIC fuel fabrication process was 40∼51 % and higher with longer burn-up and cooling times. This study also shows that the distribution of gaseous waste generated from OREOX process is mainly attributed to Kr, Ru and H-3, regardless of burn-up and cooling times. On the other hand, in the off-gas of the sintering process, the radioactivity distribution of Cs is more than 98 %, regardless of burn-up and cooling times.

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Wang, Wei Quan, Zu Xun Song, and Xiao Fei Mao. "A Protocol of ISA-MAC Using FH-TH Associat with Concatenated Coding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 3721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.3721.

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Nowadays, there are so many requirements for time-sensitive in designing Ad Hoc network. However, the existing protocols of MAC, such as ALOHA、CSMA、IEEE802.11 etc. which use the “back-off” to avoid collision, or use the “hand shaking” to order the channel bring the time-delay to MAC. The paper promote a MAC protocol named ISA-MAC which adopts FH-TH combine concatenated coding to relieve channel-collision, improve the efficiency of communication and provide the ability “sending at anytime”.

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Siddiqui, Mohammad Atif, Md Nishat Anwar, and Shahedul Haque Laskar. "Sliding mode controller design for second-order unstable processes with dead-time." Journal of Electrical Engineering 71, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2020-0032.

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AbstractA new approach is proposed to design the sliding mode (SM) controller for the unstable second-order plus dead-time (SOPDT) processes. The sliding mode control consists of two control laws ie continuous control law and discontinuous control law. The continuous control law parameters have been derived in terms of unstable SOPDT process parameters using the root locus technique. On the other hand, the parameters of discontinuous control law are tuned by optimizing a performance index using a recently developed metaheuristic search algorithm, namely the grasshopper optimization technique. The performance index is framed to achieve a good trade-off between performance and control efforts. Finally, simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach over the other existing techniques. It is observed that the proposed approach is able to deliver better disturbance rejection, minimal control efforts and good setpoint tracking.

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Raveh, Eitan, Jason Friedman, and Sigal Portnoy. "Evaluation of the effects of adding vibrotactile feedback to myoelectric prosthesis users on performance and visual attention in a dual-task paradigm." Clinical Rehabilitation 32, no. 10 (May 14, 2018): 1308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518774104.

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of adding vibrotactile feedback to myoelectric prosthesis users on the performance time and visual attention in a dual-task paradigm. Design: A repeated-measures design with a counterbalanced order of two conditions. Setting: Laboratory setting. Subjects: Transradial amputees using a myoelectric prosthesis with normal or corrected eyesight ( N = 12, median age = 65 ± 13 years). Exclusion criteria were orthopedic or neurologic problems. Interventions: Subjects performed grasping tasks with their prosthesis, while controlling a virtual car on a road with their intact hand. The dual task was performed twice: with and without vibrotactile feedback. Main measures: Performance time of each of the grasping tasks and gaze behavior, measured by the number of times the subjects shifted their gaze toward their hand, the relative time they applied their attention to the screen, and percentage of error in the secondary task. Results: The mean performance time was significantly shorter ( P = 0.024) when using vibrotactile feedback (93.2 ± 9.6 seconds) compared with the performance time measured when vibrotactile feedback was not available (107.8 ± 20.3 seconds). No significant differences were found between the two conditions in the number of times the gaze shifted from the screen to the hand, in the time the subjects applied their attention to the screen, and in the time the virtual car was off-road, as a percentage of the total game time (51.4 ± 15.7 and 50.2 ± 19.5, respectively). Conclusion: Adding vibrotactile feedback improved performance time during grasping in a dual-task paradigm. Prosthesis users may use vibrotactile feedback to perform better during daily tasks, when multiple cognitive demands are present.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hand off time'

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