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Journal articles on the topic 'Hand file'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kaul, Shalan, Feby Kuriakose, Jittin James, Basil Joy, and Reema Malik. "Evaluation of Radicular Dentin Microcracks Formation after Instrumentation with NiTi Hand and Rotary File System: A Stereomicroscopic Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 21, no. 11 (2020): 1233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2955.

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ABSTRACT Aim and objective The present study aimed to assess the formation of microcracks in root dentin post-instrumentation with nickel–titanium (NiTi) hand and rotary file system. Materials and methods Totally, 80 freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single roots were chosen for this study. Access opening was performed and #10 K-file was used to attain patency of canal. All specimens were divided into four groups (each group having 20 specimens), i.e., Group I: Unprepared, Group II: NiTi hand K-files, Group III: Self-adjusting file, and Group IV: XP-Shaper single file. Complete irrigation of all the canals was performed after instrumentation. All roots were cut horizontally at three levels [apical third (3 mm), middle third (6 mm), and cervical third (9 mm)] from the apex with diamond disc. A stereomicroscope was used to view the sections under 20× magnification. Results Self-adjusting file showed least number of defects with a percentage of 75% followed by XP-Shaper and NiTi hand K-files with a values of 65 and 60%, respectively. Use of hand K-files resulted in greater number of incomplete cracks (30%) and use of XP-Shaper demonstrated greater number of craze lines (15%). A statistically significant difference was found between the experimental groups in the formation of dentinal defects of root at apical third (3 mm) (p < 0.031) and middle third (6 mm) (p < 0.001), whereas the sections at cervical third (9 mm) did not show any statistically significant difference (p > 0.312). Conclusion The present study concluded that the self-adjusting file system gives promising better results in cleaning ability with minimal incidence of radicular dentin microcracks than XP-Shaper and NiTi hand K-files system. Clinical significance The root dentin may unavoidably get damaged during instrumentation resulting in the formation of dentinal cracks and tiny complicated fractures, thus leading to endodontic failures. Various factors cause dentinal cracks, but the flexibility of file due to heat treatment, kinematics of the file, and the basic architecture of the file are the most significant ones. Self-adjusting file system represented satisfactory results with minimal microcracks defects. How to cite this article Kumar A, Kaul S, Kuriakose F, et al. Evaluation of Radicular Dentin Microcracks Formation after Instrumentation with NiTi Hand and Rotary File System: A Stereomicroscopic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020;21(11):1233–1237.
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Akhtar, Mohd Salman, Ankit Agarwal, Mohammed Ayaz Malick, Sheeba Khan, Sachin Yadav, and Sajal Agarwal. "Evaluation of apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation using Hand K file, Revo S, Protaper Next and Wave One file system: An in vitro study." UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES 6, no. 2 (September 26, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ujds.2020.6.2.22.

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Introduction: The key step during the root canal treatment is the biomechanical preparation of the infected root canals. This preparation may result in pushing the apical debris through the apical foramen into the periapical space leading to initiation of immunological response by the host leading to postoperative pain and discomfort. Therefore the aim of the study was to compare the apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation using Hand k file, Revo S, Protaper Next and Wave One file system. Materials and Method: Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars with single canal were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 15) for instrumentation with four different files. Group 1: Hand k file, Group 2: Revo S file, Group 3: ProTaper Next, and Group 4: WaveOne single reciprocating file. Debris extruding during instrumentation were collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. These tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days and were then weighed to obtain the final weight, with the extruded debris. Weight of extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test. Result: For intergroup comparison, significant differences were found for the debris extruded. Instrumentation with hand K files resulted in significantly more debris extrusion apically as compared to other three NiTi groups. Maximum debris extrusion was seen by Hand K file, followed by group 2(Revo S), then group 4(Wave One) and least by group 3(Protaper Next). However, there was no significant difference in debris extrusion amongst groups prepared with either NiTi rotary or reciprocating file systems. Conclusion: The Pro Taper Next resulted in least debris extrusion when compared to Hand k file, reciprocating Wave One and rotary Revo S. However there was not a significant difference between all the NiTi rotary and reciprocating file system. Keywords: Apical extrusion debris; Hand k file, instrumentation; ProTaper Next, RevoS and WaveOne.
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Voiculeanu, Monica, Ioana Suciu, Bogdan Dimitriu, and Mihaela Grigore. "Aspects of the biomechanical root canal treatment – step-back technique. In vitro study." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 61, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2015.4.10.

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Evaluation of post-operative root canal shape have been performed using simulated root canals in resin blocks and magnification analysis (stereomicroscope) have been used for the study. The technique selected was stepback with conventional hand stainless steel instruments. The aim of studies on post-operative root canal shape is to evaluate the conicity, taper and flow and maintenance of original canal shape and to record the degree and frequency of straightening, apical transportation, ledging, zipping, teardrops, elbows. Ideal preparation forms for the root canals can be possible without any preparation errors with circular incorporation of the original canal cross section – if the technique starts with adequately precurved negotiating files. Preparation errors (zips, canal transportation, apical perforations, elbows, teardrops, etc) can occur mostly when stainless steel hand instruments (K-file) are used for moderate to severe curved of root canals, especially K-file with cutting tips and not prebent. Ideal preparation shape without any preparation errors could be a final shape and adequate shape even for conventional hand files and step-back technique. For the first area of step back technique, even for the begining, we can usually use various prebent stainless steel hand instruments for pathfinding. In many cases, conventional hand instruments produces adequate shapes for the root canals. For this final shape, is important to use adequately precurved negotiating files. Conventional stainless stell are rigid enough that thay should be precurved to match the curvature of the canal during instrumentation. Conventional hand instruments has two basic design, Kerr-file and Kerr-reamer. Kerr-file could be used to enlarge the canal with a longitudinal filing action. Kerr-reamer may used in a same fashion, but is much more flexible instrument than K-file. Noncutting tip follow the canal better than instruments with active tips – clinically usefull element.
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Choudhary, Bharat, Atul Jain, Kanchan Bhadoria, and Nakul Patidar. "Comparison of Dentinal Defects induced by Hand Files, Multiple, and Single Rotary Files: A Stereomicroscopic Study." World Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 1 (2017): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1409.

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ABSTRACT Aim This study was carried out to compare the dentinal defects induced by single rotary file system, multiple rotary file system, and hand files. Materials and methods Sixty single-rooted premolars were selected based on predetermined criteria. They were divided into three groups: Group I (hand K files), group II (Hero Shaper), and group III (One Shape). Biomechanical preparation was carried out as per the manufacturer's instructions. Each specimen was sectioned horizontally and divided into apical, middle, and coronal sections. These sections were visualized under stereomicroscope to evaluate the dentinal defects using predetermined criteria. Results Roots prepared with Hero Shaper showed more number of defects than One Shape, whereas in roots prepared with hand files lowest percentage of dentinal defects were present. There was statistically significant difference between the Hero Shaper group and the One Shape group (p < 0.05). Conclusion All rotary files induce defects in root dentin, whereas the hand instruments induce minimal defects. Clinical significance With single rotary file system, preparation time is reduced and it is easier for patients to accept the treatment. Moreover, the potential of root fracture is reduced. How to cite this article Jain A, Bhadoria K, Choudhary B, Patidar N. Comparison of Dentinal Defects induced by Hand Files, Multiple, and Single Rotary Files: A Stereomicroscopic Study. World J Dent 2017;8(1):45-48.
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Sachdeva, Jyoti, Chetan R. Patil, Venugopal Thangala, Pabbati Ravi Kumar, and Akash Krishna. "To Evaluate and Compare the Efficacy, Cleaning Ability of Hand and Two Rotary Systems in Root Canal Retreatment." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 3 (2013): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1341.

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ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate and compare the efficacy, cleaning ability of hand and two rotary systems in root canal retreatment. Methodology Sixty extracted premolars were retreated with following systems: Group 1—ProTaper Universal retreatment files, Group 2—ProFile system, Group 3—H-file. Specimens were split longitudinally and amount of remaining gutta-percha on the canal walls was assessed using direct visual scoring with the aid of stereomicroscope. Results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA test. Results Completely clean root canal walls were not achieved with any of the techniques investigated. However, all three systems proved to be effective for gutta-percha removal. Significant difference was found between ProTaper universal retreatment file and H-file, and also between ProFile and H-file. Conclusion Under the conditions of the present study, ProTaper Universal retreatment files left significantly less guttapercha and sealer than ProFile and H-file. Clinical significance Rotary systems in combination with gutta-percha solvents can perform superiorly as compared to the time tested traditional hand instrumentation in root canal retreatment. How to cite this article Shivanand S, Patil CR, Thangala V, Kumar PR, Sachdeva J, Krishna A. To Evaluate and Compare the Efficacy, Cleaning Ability of Hand and Two Rotary Systems in Root Canal Retreatment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):440-444.
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Srinivas, Abhinaya, LGanesh Jeevanandan, Lavanya Govindaraju, and Erulappan Muthu Ganapathi Subramanian. "Comparative Evaluation of The Efficacy Of Rotary file system (Kedo-S) Vs Hand K-Files In Root Canal Preparation Of Primary Teeth Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) - An In Vitro Study." Brazilian Dental Science 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2019.v22i2.1705.

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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of rotary Kedo-S and hand K-files in shaping ability in primary canines using cone beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted primary maxillary and mandibular canines were selected. Using cone beam computed tomography the teeth were scanned before instrumentation. In Group I, the teeth were prepared using stainless steel K file up to the size of 40. In the Group II teeth, U1 size Kedo-S rotary file was used in crown down technique. The instrumented teeth were scanned again with cone beam computed tomography and the images were compared. Results: The canal taper was more conical for rotary Kedo-S files as compared to K-files, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Canal preparation with Rotary files resulted in more conical canals when compared to manual instrumentation in primary teeth that contributes to more uniform obturation.KeywordsCBCT; Hand K-files; Kedo-S file system; Primary teeth; Pulpectomy; Rotary instrumentation.
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Topcu, K. Meltem, Ertugrul Karatas, Damla Ozsu, and Ibrahim Ersoy. "Efficiency of the Self Adjusting File, WaveOne, Reciproc, ProTaper and hand files in root canal debridement." European Journal of Dentistry 08, no. 03 (July 2014): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.137636.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the canal debridement capabilities of three single file systems, ProTaper, and K-files in oval-shaped canals. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five extracted human mandibular central incisors with oval-shaped root canals were selected. A radiopaque contrast medium (Metapex; Meta Biomed Co. Ltd., Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea) was introduced into the canal systems and the self-adjusting file (SAF), WaveOne, Reciproc, ProTaper, and K-files were used for the instrumentation of the canals. The percentage of removed contrast medium was calculated using pre- and post-operative radiographs. Results: An overall comparison between the groups revealed that the hand file (HF) and SAF groups presented the lowest percentage of removed contrast medium, whereas the WaveOne group showed the highest percentage (P < 0.001). The ProTaper group removed more contrast medium than the SAF and HF groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: None of the instruments was able to remove the contrast medium completely. WaveOne performed significantly better than other groups.
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Kaur, Artinder, Devendra Chaudhary, Navneet Kukreja, Abhishek Bansal, Jyoti Bansal, and Urvashi Kukreja. "The Battle in Endodontics: A Review." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 02, no. 02 (August 2014): 059–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1671987.

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AbstractNickel titanium rotary shaping files fundamentally changed everything in endodontics; conceptually, procedurally and economically as well. NiTi rotary files made root canal therapy more accessible and kind of fun for dentists, and dental companies were loved for making files that cost four times more than stainless steel hand files but delivered a ten times improvement. The single file systems need no disinfecting, cleaning, sterilizing and organizing the NiTi files, provide optimal cutting efficiency along with better control of file breakage and thus increased patient safety and no risk for cross contamination.
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Yahya, Eman M., Ali M. Al Naimi, and Abduladheem R. Sulaiman. "Quantitative evaluation of debris extruded apically using reciprocating versus continuous rotation single file with rotary and hand glide path file." Journal of Oral Research S, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2019.088.

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Chemomechanical root canal preparation (CMRCP) is an important step in root canal treatment. However, one of its negative consequences is apical extrusion of debris of the root canal system contributing to treatment failure and flare-ups. Glide path preparation (GPP) is the initial phase of CMRCP and is crucial for assessing root canal anatomy and establishing unobstructed access to the apical part of the canal. Materials and methods: Forty human mandibular permanent central and lateral incisors were selected; the debris collection apparatus was prepared and the teeth were then divided into four groups: Group 1: Rotary glide path preparation with ProGlider followed by instrumentation with Wave One files. Group 2: Rotary glide path preparation with ProGlider followed by instrumentation with One Shape files. Group 3: Hand glide path preparation with K-file followed by instrumentation with Wave One files. Group 4: Hand glide path preparation with K-file followed by instrumentation with One Shape files. The collected debris was weighed in an analytical digital balance and the collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: No significant difference was present between groups with the same method of glide path preparation or between Wave One and One Shape files. Rotary glide path preparation produced less debris than hand preparation (p≤0.05). Conclusions: Extrusion of debris was observed in all test groups. Rotary glide path preparation could be preferred in clinical practice as it is associated with less debris extrusion than the manual method.
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Chandra, Padma, Rajesh Prasad, Surendra Kumar Mishra, and Jagdish Chandra. "The Evaluation of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation using Pro-Taper Universal, ProTaper Gold and Reciproc Blue system: An in-vitro comparative Study." UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES 6, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ujds.2020.6.2.6.

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ABSTRACT Aims & Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of apically extruded debris with four nickel-titanium instruments i.e ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and Reciproc Blue system, Hand K file System. Methods: Eighty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar human teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 20). The canals were instrumented using 1 of the following instruments: ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and Reciproc Blue system, Hand K file System. Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The weight of the extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the weight of the empty tubes from that of the tubes containing the debris. The data were analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post-hoc bonferroni test at a significance level of P < .05. Results: All the instrumentation systems resulted in production of extruded debris. The amount of extruded debris was significantly more in Hand K file than PTU, PTG and Reciproc Blue (P<0.05). The PTU system was associated with significantly more extruded debris than the PTG(P=0.041), Reciproc Blue systems (P=`0.011), whereas no significant difference was found in the amount of the debris extruded between PTG and Reciproc Blue (P=0.271). The amount of extruded debris was least in Reciproc Blue in comparison to all used system. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the amount of apically extruded debris registered for the different files tested was highest for hand file, Protaper Universal, followed by the ProTaper Gold and least in Reciproc Blue.
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Madan, Nidha, Rachit Mathur, Dileep Soni, and Suchita Visnoi. "Incidence of Apical Crack Initiation during Canal Preparation using Hand Stainless Steel (K-File) and Hand NiTi (Protaper) Files." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 9, no. 4 (2016): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1382.

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Gorawski, Marcin, and Michal Lorek. "Efficient storage, retrieval and analysis of poker hands: An adaptive data framework." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 27, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amcs-2017-0049.

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Abstract In online gambling, poker hands are one of the most popular and fundamental units of the game state and can be considered objects comprising all the events that pertain to the single hand played. In a situation where tens of millions of poker hands are produced daily and need to be stored and analysed quickly, the use of relational databases no longer provides high scalability and performance stability. The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient way of storing and retrieving poker hands in a big data environment. We propose a new, read-optimised storage model that offers significant data access improvements over traditional database systems as well as the existing Hadoop file formats such as ORC, RCFile or SequenceFile. Through index-oriented partition elimination, our file format allows reducing the number of file splits that needs to be accessed, and improves query response time up to three orders of magnitude in comparison with other approaches. In addition, our file format supports a range of new indexing structures to facilitate fast row retrieval at a split level. Both index types operate independently of the Hive execution context and allow other big data computational frameworks such as MapReduce or Spark to benefit from the optimized data access path to the hand information. Moreover, we present a detailed analysis of our storage model and its supporting index structures, and how they are organised in the overall data framework. We also describe in detail how predicate based expression trees are used to build effective file-level execution plans. Our experimental tests conducted on a production cluster, holding nearly 40 billion hands which span over 4000 partitions, show that multi-way partition pruning outperforms other existing file formats, resulting in faster query execution times and better cluster utilisation.
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Shuchi Sukul, Goldy Rathee, Parimal Anand, Sakshi Kataria, and Pratibha Taneja. "Incidences of Root Microcracks Caused by Hand and Rotary File System at Different Lengths." International Healthcare Research Journal 3, no. 9 (December 13, 2019): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0309.12004.

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OBJECTIVES: The present research was conducted to assess incidences of root microcracks caused by hand and rotary file system at different lengths MATERIAL AND METHODS: This in-vitro study was undertaken to assess incidence of root microcracks caused by hand and rotary file system at different lengths In total, 100 the mandibular premolar with straight roots determined with intact, fully formed apices were taken. Samples were randomly distributed into 5 groups based on the file system used: a) Group A: Control, b) Group B: Reciproc, c) Group C: WaveOne, d) Group D: One Shape and e) Group E: ProTaper. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the differences between groups. The dentinal defects were expressed as percentage of samples with microcracks in each group. Level of statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS: The chi square test was used to compare the Distribution of the number of teeth in which cracks were observed on the horizontal sections. It was found to be significant with group ProTaper showing maximum cracks at 3,6,9 mm level as compared to other file systemCONCLUSION: Nickel-titanium instruments causes cracks on the apical root surface or in the root canal wall. ProTaper causes maximum dentinal cracks as compared to other file systems
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Kovacs Ivacson, Andrea Csinszka, Mariana Pacurar, Monica Monea, Monika Kovacs, Mihai Pop, anamaria Bechir, and Angela Borda. "Efficiency of Different Nickel-Titanium Endodontic File Systems in Cleaning and Apical Transportation of Simulated Curved Root Canals." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 5 (June 15, 2017): 957–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.5.5589.

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The use of nickel-titanium instruments have become an important part of the root canal treatment, in order to facilitate the cleaning and shaping of root canals, because the incorrect utilization of the endodontic files during endodontic treatment may produce unwanted procedural errors. The aim of this study was to evaluate on simulated curved root canal models the cleaning efficiency and the apical transportation in three reference areas of the root canal files, ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer), K3XF (Sybron Endo) and HyFlex (Coltene Endo) systems, compared to the hand K-files (DentsplyMaillefer). According to our results, rotary file systems are more efficient than the hand files, in cleaning the root canal.
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Sack, Oliver Simon, and Christine Sutter. "Temporal persistence of after-effects in the n-1 replication task." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 7 (June 16, 2020): 3314–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02073-4.

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Abstract In line with the theory of event coding, many studies on tool use show that perceived visual and haptic information interacts with action execution. In two experiments, we investigated the temporal persistence of after-effects within an event file, and after-effects in temporally overlapping event files with the n-1 replication task. Each trial consisted of two phases: In phase 1, participants moved a cursor with a pen on a covered tablet while a gain varied the relation between hand and cursor amplitude (Experiment 1). In phase 2, participants replicated the hand amplitude of phase 1 of the previous trial without visual feedback. Any systematic over- and undershoot would be indicative for after-effects. When the cursor amplitude varied and the hand amplitude remained constant, we did not find any after-effects but adjustment of the internal model. For varying hand amplitudes, after-effects appeared in terms of a contrast and assimilation effect between temporally overlapping event files and within an event file, respectively. In Experiment 2, we confirmed that the observed pattern of over- and undershoots fully reflect assimilation/contrast due to perception-action interaction. The findings extend the current view on the temporal stability of short-term binding in sensorimotor transformation tasks: In the n-1 replication task, after-effects appeared only in trials with varying hand amplitudes. We replicated the contrast effect and assimilation effect, and the assimilation effect persisted for up to approximately 20 s.
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Wilkinson, MD, Jeffrey. "Case File: Cardiac amyloidosis using on routine hand-held ultrasound." POCUS Journal 1, no. 1 (February 14, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/pocus.v1i1.13217.

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A 64 year-old man presented to the Kingston General Hospital with cardiac arrest. At the time of EMS arrival, the ECG showed ventricular tachycardia. The patient was intubated and ventilated. Multiple defibrillations were required to convert the patient back to normal sinus rhythm.
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Al-kateeb, Zeena N., and Saja J. Mohammed. "A novel approach for audio file encryption using hand geometry." Multimedia Tools and Applications 79, no. 27-28 (March 27, 2020): 19615–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-08869-8.

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Smith, Donald P. "Hand Held Technology; Its Place In a Environmental Compliance Monitoring System." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2017195. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000195.

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This abstract will examine the elements of a field deployable inspection application designed to support the U S Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) field mission assignment, through the use of hand held technology. The system is designed to mimic a typical inspection through the use of software applications that replicate hard copy inspection forms. The primary elements of the program are in support of the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) regulations codified in Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 112. These regulations govern prevention related activities, Facility Response Plans (FRPs) reviews and Government Initiated Unannounced Exercises (GIUEs). Accordingly, digital inspection/evaluation forms were created utilizing File Maker Pro development software. The forms have been deployed on Apple's IPAD tablets which allow for the integration of locational attributes of Google maps and the tablet's built in digital camera. A typical inspection will consist of an Administrative Form, Notice of Inspection (NOI), SPCC Inspection checklist, FRP Review checklist, FRP Field checklist, FRP Approval Letters and when applicable a GIUE evaluation forms. These files combine to form a complete inspection folder where it is either closed out as compliant or submitted to enforcement for further deliberation. A typical inspection begins with general inspection data being entered into the Administrative Form. Data entered here auto populates each corresponding inspection form. As an added enhancement, each inspection form can be pre- populated with consistently recorded values. This is generally the case when conducting multiple inspection where the company remains the same and/or the consultant has prepared plans in a uniform/standardized manner. Consequently, both latitudinal/longitudinal attributes are automatically embedded within the application along with photographic data. Upon completion of the inspection, the data is then synchronized with a GoZync Application with File Maker Pro server via WIFI or cellular connection. After file completion and administrative review, the report can be emailed to the recipient in a PDF format. To date, field trials have been completed on a local level with the expectation that Branch wide deployment will commence in late FY 16. The Agency recently made a nationwide buy of Apple tablets for On Scene Coordinators (OSCs) as well as inspection personnel within the response program. This helped pave the way for new application development and bringing to fruition the Agency's desired mission to perform its duties in a digital environment.
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Putri, Asri Riany. "CROWN DOWN PREPARATION TECHNIQUE WITH LARGE TAPER ENDODONTIC HAND INSTRUMENT." Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) 17, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46862/interdental.v17i1.2075.

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Introduction: Root canal preparation is an important step in root canal treatment. The use of stainless steel K-Files is time-consuming and causes fatigue to patients and operators. The large taper endodontic hand instrument can be used as an option for another preparation instrument. The purpose of this article is to determine the advantages of using large taper endodontic hand instruments as a preparation instrument compared to conventional stainless steel K-Files. Case: The 24-year-old male patient presented with pain in his lower left tooth even though it was not used. Examination of teeth 35, percussion and press (+), palpation (-), CE (-), exploration of root canals with smooth broach (+). There was a radiolucent image in the distal crown that had reached the pulp chamber, radiolucency with a blurred border of 2 mm in diameter at the periapical area, and the dilation of the periodontal ligaments along with the roots. Tooth 35 diagnosis was partial pulp necrosis with periapical lesions. Case Management: Root canal treatment of teeth 35 using hand-used ProTaper with the crown down technique up to F4 WL = 21 mm. Obturation with single cone technique with Endomethasone as a sealer. Discussion: The large taper instrument is very flexible and easily enters narrow and bent root canals, thus it can shorten the working time, reduce the risk of fatigue for patients and operators, improves the cleaning of the root canal system, and consistent root canal formation. The crown down technique used can reduce the risk of preparation errors, prevent debris extrusion and improve obturation quality. Conclusion: Root canal preparation using a large taper endodontic hand instrument can shorten the working time and reduce the risk of fatigue for patients and operators compared to preparations using conventional stainless steel K-File.
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Sinaga, Helbert, Poltak Sihombing, and Handrizal Handrizal. "Perbandingan Algoritma Huffman Dan Run Length Encoding Untuk Kompresi File Audio." Talenta Conference Series: Science and Technology (ST) 1, no. 1 (October 17, 2018): 010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/st.v1i1.183.

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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis perbandingan hasil kompresi dan dekompresi file audio*.mp3 dan *.wav. Kompresi dilakukan dengan mengurangi jumlah bit yang diperlukan untuk menyimpan atau mengirim file tersebut. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan algoritma Huffman dan Run Length Encoding yang merupakan salah satu teknik kompresi yang bersifat lossless.Algoritma Huffman memiliki tiga tahapan untuk mengkompres data, yaitu pembentukan pohon, encoding dan decodingdan berkerja berdasarkan karakter per karakter. Sedangkan teknik run length ini bekerja berdasarkan sederetan karakter yang berurutan, yaitu hanya memindahkan pengulangan byte yang sama berturut-turut secara terus-menerus. Implementasi algoritma Huffman dan Run Length Encoding ini bertujuan untuk mengkompresi file audio *.mp3 dan *.wav sehingga ukuran file hasil kompresi lebih kecil dibandingkan file asli dimana parameter yang digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja algoritma ini adalah rasio kompresi, kompleksitas yang dihasilkan. Rasio kompresi file audio *.mp3 menggunakan Algoritma Huffman memiliki rata-rata 1.204% sedangkan RLE -94.44%, dan rasio kompresi file audio *.wav memiliki rata-rata 28.954 % sedangkan RLE -45.91%. This research was conducted to analyze the comparison of the results of compression and decompression of *.mp3 and *.wav audio files. Compression was completed by reducing the number of bits needed to save or send the file. In this study, the researcher used the Huffman algorithm and Run Length Encoding which is one of the lossless compression techniques. The Huffman algorithm has three stages to compress data, namely tree formation, encoding and decoding which work based on characters per character. On the other hand, the run length technique works based on a sequence of sequential characters that only move the repetitions of the same byte in succession continuously. The implementation of the Huffman algorithm and Run Length Encoding aimed to compress audio files *.mp3 and *.wav so that the size of the compressed file was smaller than the original file where the parameter used to measure the performance of this algorithm was the compression ratio, and the resulting complexity.*.Mp3 audio file compression ratio using Huffman Algorithm had an average of 1.204% while RLE -94.44%, and compression ratio *.wav audio files had an average of 28.954% while RLE -45.91%.
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Vinson, Emily N., Shivang V. Desai, Suraj Reddy, and Richard D. Goldner. "AJRTeaching File: Periarticular Calcifications in Two Patients With Acute Hand Pain." American Journal of Roentgenology 195, no. 6_supplement (December 2010): S76—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.09.7197.

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Douyama, Kasane, Yuko Komine, Shinobu Nirei, Yuko Ishii, Miki Nagumo, Masako Kanzaki, Masato Wakakura, and Jiro Inouye. "A Hand-made File to Introduce Fine Works During Occlusion Therapy." JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 34 (2005): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4263/jorthoptic.34.127.

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Cui, Fang Song, Guo Zhong Cheng, and Da Zhi Pan. "A Dictionary Storage Technique for LZW Compression Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.768.

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The LZW is an effective and adaptive data compression algorithm, but during the encoding process, the entries in the dictionary would store characters that have been stored leading to waste memory resources, so this paper presents a improved algorithm for LZW compression algorithm. On the one hand, the content of the source file is transformed into 01 character string; on the other hand, adopting binary tree structure to store the entries of the dictionary. There are some simulation experiments for different sizes files, the results show that the improved LZW algorithm overcomes effectively the shortcoming in dictionary storage structure of the original algorithm.
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Jeevanandan, Ganesh, and Eapen Thomas. "Volumetric analysis of hand, reciprocating and rotary instrumentation techniques in primary molars using spiral computed tomography: An in vitro comparative study." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 01 (January 2018): 021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_247_17.

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ABSTRACT Objective: This present study was conducted to analyze the volumetric change in the root canal space and instrumentation time between hand files, hand files in reciprocating motion, and three rotary files in primary molars. Materials and Methods: One hundred primary mandibular molars were randomly allotted to one of the five groups. Instrumentation was done using Group I; nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) hand file, Group II; Ni-Ti hand files in reciprocating motion, Group III; Race rotary files, Group IV; prodesign pediatric rotary files, and Group V; ProTaper rotary files. The mean volumetric changes were assessed using pre- and post-operative spiral computed tomography scans. Instrumentation time was recorded. Statistical analysis to access intergroup comparison for mean canal volume and instrumentation time was done using Bonferroni-adjusted Mann-Whitney test and Mann–Whitney test, respectively. Results: Intergroup comparison of mean canal volume showed statistically significant difference between Groups II versus IV, Groups III versus V, and Groups IV versus V. Intergroup comparison of mean instrumentation time showed statistically significant difference among all the groups except Groups IV versus V. Conclusion: Among the various instrumentation techniques available, rotary instrumentation is the considered to be the better instrumentation technique for canal preparation in primary teeth.
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Vukoje, Karolina, Ivana Stojsin, Ivana Kantardzic, and Ognjenka Jankovic. "Apical extrusion of root canal filling material during the removal of gutta-percha and resilon." Serbian Dental Journal 67, no. 2 (2020): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs2002091v.

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Introduction. Root canal filling material may be extruded during retreatment through the apical foramen and cause flare-up or chronic infection. The aim of this study was to compare the apical extrusion of gutta-percha and resilon filling materials during retreatment using hand and rotary instruments. Methods. Sixty extracted single-rooted teeth with single, straight canal were selected. Canals were prepared with ProTaper Universal rotary system to a size F2. Two groups (30 teeth in each) were filled with gutta-percha or resilon points, respectively. In both groups teeth were randomly divided into the three subgroups (10 teeth in each), based on the instruments used for retreatment: Hedstrom hand files and two rotary groups- ProTaper and Twisted File instruments. Apical extrusion was detected visually, using a 4-degree scoring system. Mean scores were calculated and analyzed statistically (t-test and ANOVA). The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. Under tested experimental conditions, the type of canal filling material did not have significant effect on the results of apical extrusion during retreatment. Significantly more material was extruded in the resilon group when manual, Hedstrom file was used (1.80 ? 1.13) than rotary ProTaper (0.60 ? 0.70) and Twisted File (0.50 ? 0.71). Conclusions. The use of a rotary technique is recomended to minimize apical extrusion, especially when resilon obturation material is removed during retreatment.
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Nair, Manisha, Ganesh Jeevanandan, Vignesh R, and Subramanian EMG. "Comparative evaluation of post-operative pain after pulpectomy with k-files, kedo-s files and mtwo files in deciduous molars -a randomized clinical trial." Brazilian Dental Science 21, no. 4 (October 24, 2018): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2018.v21i4.1617.

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<p><strong>Objective:</strong> Despite the tortuous course of primary root canal system, a paradigm shift occurred from conventional hand files to rotary system, which lead to faster, cost-effective, uniform and predictable fillings. One of the many advantages being, reduction in post-operative pain with the use of rotary system. Many rotary file systems were introduced, with the recent one, the Kedo-S. So the present study aimed to compare and evaluate the post – operative pain after pulpectomy using K-files, MTwo files and Kedo-S files in deciduous molars. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> 75 teeth were randomly divided into three groups (group A – K-files, group B - Kedo-S files and group C - MTwo files) for pulpectomy of primary molars. Post – operative pain was assessed every 6,12,24,48 and 72 hours using facial pain scale. <strong>Results:</strong> 44% of volunteers in K-file group had moderate pain followed by Kedo-S group that is 8% and then MTwo files that is 4%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The least post-operative pain was found in Mtwo group followed by Kedo-S group and K-file group.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Pulpectomy; Post-operative pain; MTwo; Kedo-S.</p><p> </p>
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Al-Khateeb, Zeena N., and Saja J. Mohammed. "Encrypting an audio file based on integer wavelet transform and hand geometry." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 18, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v18i4.14216.

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Tang, Min An, and Bao Ling Sun. "Application of GPR in Evaluation of Stability on Rocks Surrounding Hand-Dug Piles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.362.

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GPR is used to detect rock surrounding the hand-dug pile foundations of a bridge for the highway surrounding Fuzhou, capital of Fujian Province, so as to evaluate the rock the stabilities of the rocks on the outer side of the file foundations and at the base of the file foundations and thickness of overburden over the base rocks. In this paper, some parameters are selected for detection, such as antenna of center frequency 100 MHz, data acquisition time window of 500ns , offset distance of 1 m，which can meet the effective detection range (depth) of 20 m or more . Annular cross-section method is used at the bottom of Piles , and vertical cross-section method is used on the side of piles. The results show that GPR records can provide a number of clear and accurate information such as the rock cliff boundaries of pile lateral wall , the internal structure at the bottom of pile and pile lateral wall.
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Shaikh, Shahid M., and Mousumi Goswami. "Evaluation of the Effect of Different Root Canal Preparation Techniques in Primary Teeth Using CBCT." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 42, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-42.4.2.

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Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the cleaning and shaping efficiency of the rotary Ni-Ti, sonic and conventional file systems for root canal preparation in primary teeth under CBCT. Study Design: Seventy five maxillary and mandibular first and second primary molars were divided into three groups of 25 teeth each, according to the canal preparation technique: Group I Rotary file system, Group II Sonic file system, Group III Conventional K files. Canals were scanned using an i-CAT CBCT scanner before and after preparation to evaluate their shaping efficiency. Root canal transportation and centering ratio were evaluated at coronal, middle and apical thirds. The cleaning efficiency was evaluated by the extent of India ink removal from the canal walls under stereomicroscope. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Nickel–Titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary system caused less canal transportation and had better centering ability. Sonic system showed better shaping at the apex, and wider at coronal end. Conventional K-files removed more dentin at coronal than in middle and apex and efficiently cleaned the root canals. There were no significant difference in cleaning and shaping efficiency between Rotary system, Sonic system & Conventional K file system. Conclusion: Rotary instrumentations could be considered as an efficient alternative to conventional hand preparation as it respects the original canal anatomy with no aberrations or resulting failures.
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Gambill, James M., Marden Alder, and Carlos E. del Rio. "Comparison of nickel-titanium and stainless steel hand-file instrumentation using computed tomography." Journal of Endodontics 22, no. 7 (July 1996): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(96)80221-4.

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31

Frick, K., H. Walia, J. Deguzman, and B. P. Austin. "PR 27 Qualitative comparison of two NiTi rotary file systems to hand filing." Journal of Endodontics 23, no. 4 (April 1997): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(97)80154-9.

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32

Tamil, Sowmiya, SivakumarA Andamuthu, Ravi Vaiyapuri, AS Prasad, SampathkumarSivakumar Jambai, and Mathimaraiselvan Chittrarasu. "A comparative evaluation of intracanal calcium hydroxide removal with hand file, rotary file, and passive ultrasonic irrigation: An in vitro study." Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2019): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_65_19.

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33

Malik, Azhar, Abishek Singh, Aina Kumar, Praveen Singh Samant, Sumit Sabharwal, and Vineet Kumar Pandey. "Attitude among dental practioners towards use of rotary instruments and hand instruments for root canal treatment: a comparative study." Journal of Research in Dentistry 4, no. 1 (July 24, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v4e1201613-17.

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Aim: The purpose of present study is to assess the attitude of general dental practioners towards use rotary instruments and hand instruments for root canal treatment.Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted in the private clinics in Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 400 clinics were visited and face to face interview schedule was conducted. Questionnaire consists of demographic details of dental professionals. Information regarding the years of experience, OPD details and number of root canal treatment done per week by dental professionals was obtained. Use of rotary and hand instruments by dental professionals was inquired. Years of experience with Rotary instruments, procedural problems with rotary instruments faced by dental professionals and reasons for not using the rotary instruments if any was also recorded.Results: 102 (33%) of the total study samples were using rotary instruments for root canal treatment and 100 (32%) using both rotary and hand instruments for root canal treatment. Dentists who are using rotary instruments are facing the procedural problem of file breakage {70 (36%)}. And those dental professionals using hand instruments are facing the problem of ledge formation {82(40%)}.Conclusions: The main procedural failure of the rotary instruments in root canal treatment, faced by dental professionals was file breakage and with hand instrument is ledge formation. Lack of expertise is the main reason which restricts dental professionals from using rotary instruments.
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34

Henderson, Bob. "The Hand Press Book File in RLIN: the development of a European unified database." Program 31, no. 3 (September 1997): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000006890.

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35

Jindal, Varun, and Ajay Chhabra. "Effectiveness of Three Rotary Niti Instruments and Hand Instrumentation in Removing Gutta Percha from Root Canals: an in vitro Study." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 03, no. 03 (December 2015): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672031.

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Abstract Objectives: The study aimed to assess variation in the remaining filling material by radiographic analysis and the time taken for retreatment system, with H-files; the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System; Mtwo retreatment system and the SybronEndo K3. Methods: 120 human mandibular premolars with single straight root canals were prepared with rotary twisted files (up to size 40/0.04) using the crown down technique and filled by cold lateral condensation and the radiographs were taken. After one week, teeth were divided into four groups (n = 30). Gutta-percha was removed using H-files, the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System, Mtwo system and the K3 System. After retreatment radiographs were taken for each sample and the remaining material was calculated for each canal third. Results: Rotary NiTi instruments were significantly faster than the hand instrumentation technique in performing the retreatment. In radiographic analysis there was significant difference in between the groups for coronal third in ProTaper group and for apical third in H-file group. Conclusions: In the radiographic analysis the ProTaper Universal System left less filling material in the coronal third and the H-files left less filling material in apical third as compared to other groups. Rotary instruments worked faster than H files.
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36

Selvaraj, R. "Fabrication and Analysis of Artificial Human Hand using 3D Printing Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 10, 2021): 544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35014.

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Fabrication of human bone by 3d printing is playing an important role in medical applications. The various parts of human hand are made by PLA material by 3D printing Technology. The sequences of operations such as scanning, 3 Modeling, STL file and printing are involved for fabrication of Artificial human hand. In this work, we design, fabricate and analysis of artificial human bone by PLA material. The mechanical of Tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, bending strength and torque are analyzed by ANSYS software and hardness test measured with use of durometer and test values are analyzed by D scale. The chemical test are also conducted and compared with human bone values.
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37

Borges, Alvaro Henrique, Matheus Coelho Bandéca, Alex Semenoff-Segundo, Alessandra Nogueira Porto, Laís Bittencourt Pires, Carlos Bueno, and Silvio Albergaria. "Influence of the Cervical Enlargement in Determining the Diameter of the First File and Establishing the Working Length." World Journal of Dentistry 4, no. 3 (2013): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1225.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of different methods of cervical prepare in determining the first file of the apical preparation of root canal and working length. Thirty mesiobuccal fully formed roots of upper first permanent molars humans were used and the root canals were initially cleaned with K-file #10. Then, the teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to the type of enlargement: group I: ProTaper S1, SX; group II: K3 Orifice Opener 25.10 and 25.08; and group III: technique with hybrid K-type hand files and gates glidden drills # 3 and # 2. The specimens were taken to a stereomicroscope to evaluate the adaptation of the first file in the dentinal walls at length established. The data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. The reliability of the apex locator methods was performed by Spearman test. All groups showed statistically significant difference in the length of root canals after preparation of the cervical third (p < 0.05). The level of agreement between the measurement and visual electronics was higher (r = 98.07%) before the cervical enlargement, compared to that reported after cervical preparation (r = 96.42%) (p < 0.0001). Based on the methodology, was possible to conclude that cervical and middle thirds prepare were important to determine the first file diameter and it did lead to a decrease in the working length. The electronic apex was effective to determine the working length. How to cite this article Pires LB, Bueno C, Albergaria S, Bandéca MC, Semenoff-Segundo A, Porto AN, Borges; H. Influence of the Cervical Enlargement in Determining the Diameter of the First File and Establishing the Working Length. World J Dent 2013;4(3):164-169.
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Al--Khayyat, Kamal, Imad Fakhri Al-Shaikhli, and Vijaykumar V. "Using Pre-Determined Patterns to Analyze the Common Behavior of Compressed Data and Their Compressibility Apeal." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.34 (June 8, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.34.13905.

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This paper studies the behavior of compressed/uncompressed data on predetermined binary patterns. These patterns were generated according to specific criteria to ensure that they represent binary files. Each pattern is structurally unique. This study shows that all compressed data behave almost similarly when analyzing predetermined patterns. They all follow a curve similar to that of a skewed normal distribution. The uncompressed data, on the other hand, behave differently. Each file of uncompressed data plots its own curve without a specific shape. The paper confirms the side effect of these patterns, and the fact that they can be used to measure the compressibility appeal of compressed data.
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Zhou, Zhili, Meimin Wang, Yi Cao, and Yuecheng Su. "CNN Feature-Based Image Copy Detection with Contextual Hash Embedding." Mathematics 8, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8071172.

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As one of the important techniques for protecting the copyrights of digital images, content-based image copy detection has attracted a lot of attention in the past few decades. The traditional content-based copy detection methods usually extract local hand-crafted features and then quantize these features to visual words by the bag-of-visual-words (BOW) model to build an inverted index file for rapid image matching. Recently, deep learning features, such as the features derived from convolutional neural networks (CNN), have been proven to outperform the hand-crafted features in many applications of computer vision. However, it is not feasible to directly apply the existing global CNN features for copy detection, since they are usually sensitive to partial content-discarded attacks, such as copping and occlusion. Thus, we propose a local CNN feature-based image copy detection method with contextual hash embedding. We first extract the local CNN features from images and then quantize them to visual words to construct an index file. Then, as the BOW quantization process decreases the discriminability of these features to some extent, a contextual hash sequence is captured from a relatively large region surrounding each CNN feature and then is embedded into the index file to improve the feature’s discriminability. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a superior performance compared to the related works in the copy detection task.
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40

Stan, Lavinia. "Access to Securitate Files: the Trials and Tribulations of a Romanian Law." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 16, no. 1 (February 2002): 145–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325402016001006.

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We had a state. Then we had the Party to try to make the state work. Then we had the State Security to try to make the Party and state work. And still it didn't work. An East German quoted by Timothy Garton Ash, The File The relationship between the communist structures and the Securitate was similar to that between the brain and the hand. The brain was the Communist Party, the hand executing the orders was the Securitate. Senator Ioan Moisiu Romanian, Christian Democrat
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41

H. Aliwy, Ahmed, and Ahmed A. Alethary. "Development of arabic sign language dictionary using 3D avatar technologies." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp609-616.

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<span>The arabic sign language (ArSL) is the natural language of the deaf community in Arabic countries. ArSL suffers from a lack of resources such as unified dictionaries and corpora. In this work, a dictionary of Arabic language to ArSL has been constructed as a part of a translation system. The Arabic words are converted into hamburg notation system (HamNoSys) using eSign editor Software. HamNoSys was used to create manual parameters (handshape, hand orientation, hand location, and hand movement), while non-manual parameters (facial expressions, shoulder raising, mouthing gesture, head tilting, and body movement) added by using (mouth, face, and limbs) in the eSign editor software. The sign then converted to the sign gesture markup language (SiGML) file, and later 3D avatar interprets the SiGML file scripts to the animated sign. The constructed dictionary has three thousand signs; therefore, it can be adopted for the translation system in which written text can be transformed into sign language and can be utilized for the education of deaf people. The dictionary will be available as a free resource for researchers. It is hard and time-consuming work, but it is an essential step in machine translation of whole Arabic text to ArSL with 3D animations. </span>
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Kesim, Bertan, Burak Sagsen, and Tugrul Aslan. "Evaluation of dentinal defects during root canal preparation using thermomechanically processed nickel-titanium files." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 02 (April 2017): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_254_16.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of root cracks after root canal instrumentation with thermomechanically processed nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) files with different instrumentation kinematics. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 extracted mandibular premolars with mature apices and straight root canals were divided into five groups and used in this study. In Group 1, 30 teeth were prepared using hand K-files and assigned to control group, Group 2 was instrumented using K3XF Rotary files (SybronEndo, Glendora, CA, USA) with continuous rotary motion. The teeth in Group 3 were instrumented by ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) rotary files which make asymmetric rotary motion, In Group 4, teeth were instrumented by RECIPROC (VDW, Munich, Germany) with reciprocation motion and in Group 5, teeth were instrumented by Twisted File (TF) Adaptive (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) files that use combination of continuous rotation and reciprocation motion (n = 30/per group). All the roots were horizontally sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex with a low speed saw under water cooling. Then, the slices were examined through a stereomicroscope to determine the presence of dentinal microcracks.Results: For the apical (3-mm) and coronal (9-mm) sections, the ProTaper Next and TF Adaptive produced significantly more cracks than the hand files, RECIPROC, and K3XF (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the experimental groups and control group at the 6-mm level (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, all thermal-treated Ni-Ti instruments and hand files caused microcracks in root canal dentin.
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Kumar, Rahul, Neha Khambete, Suvarna Patil, Ashish Medha, Roshan Shetty, and Upendra Hoshing. "Working length changes in curved canals after coronal flaring by using rotary files and hand file: An in vitro study." Journal of Conservative Dentistry 16, no. 5 (2013): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.117489.

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44

Jayam, Cheranjeevi, Seema Thakur, Haseeb Ahammed, and Parul Singhal. "Comparative Evaluation of Dentin Removal and Taper of Root Canal Preparation of Hand K File, ProTaper Rotary File, and Kedo S Rotary File in Primary Molars Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 13, no. 4 (2020): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1787.

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45

Ustun, Yakup, Tugrul Aslan, Burak Sagsen, and Bertan Kesim. "The effects of different nickel-titanium instruments on dentinal microcrack formations during root canal preparation." European Journal of Dentistry 09, no. 01 (January 2015): 041–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.149638.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of dentinal microcracks caused by different preparation techniques. Materials and Methods: 120 extracted human mandibular incisor teeth were divided into five experimental groups and one control group (n = 20): Group 1: Hand preparation with balanced force technique up to #25 K-file. Group 2: Preparation with only ProTaper F2 instrument in a reciprocating movement. Group 3: Preparation with Reciproc R25 instrument in a reciprocating movement. Group 4: Preparation with ProTaper instruments up to F2 instrument. Group 5: Preparation with ProTaper Next instruments up to X2 instrument. No procedure was applied to control group. The roots were sectioned horizontally at 3, 6 and 9 mm from the apex and examined. Absence or presence of dentinal microcracks was noted. Results: The Chi-square test was performed to compare the appearance of cracked roots between all groups. There were no significant differences among the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, except the hand file and control group, all experimental groups showed microcrack formations.
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46

Kluth, Karsten, Horst G. Kellermann, and Helmut Strasser. "Assessment of the ergonomic quality of file handles using electromyographic and subjective methods." Occupational Ergonomics 4, no. 2 (June 3, 2004): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2004-4206.

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In a comparative investigation 3 file handles were evaluated with regard to their ergonomic quality. By means of a mobile measuring system for the recording of peripheral-physiological data, the muscle strain of 9 muscles of the left and right hand-arm-shoulder system was quantified with surface electromyography. A special laboratory device facilitated the standardized execution of the tests. A specific bipolar questionnaire had enabled the subjective assessment of the design, surface material, general usability, avoidance of pressure marks and blisters, suitability for the exertion of the necessary pressure and pushing forces, and the suitability during hand perspiration. Also, the assessment of more or less favorable body positions to various filing directions was made. From substantial differences in the objective data and the subjective evaluation, the inference has to be drawn that only the combination of subjective surveys and objective measurements represent the opportunity to assess the ergonomic quality of working tools adequately.
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Helmiawan, Muhammad Agreindra, and Irfan Fadil. "PRIVATE CLOUD STORAGE IN RURAL'S MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEM USING ROADMAP FOR CLOUD COMPUTING ADOPTION (ROCCA)." INTERNAL (Information System Journal) 2, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32627/internal.v2i2.85.

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The draft Management Policy and Rural Information system are all articles with several articles governing all information security. In concerning Business Continuity Management it is written "The information system and security work unit backs up data periodically, to safer backing up data using Cloud computing facilities." Cloud computing has advantages as file management. Private cloud storage is a form of cloud computing that is intended for limited use in certain circles and one of its functions is used for backing up data or file management. On the other hand, there is software that can be used to implement private cloud storage, namely Owncloud. To run the Rural Information Security Policy Draft article on Business Continuity Management and for the provision of data centers, a study was conducted to implement private cloud storage using Owncloud. The method used in this study is the Roadmap for Cloud computing Adoption (ROCCA) with five stages, namely the stages of analysis, design, adoption, migration, and management. The results of this research are private cloud storage using Owncloud as a medium for storing, securing, and sharing files that are flexible and highly scalable that can be accessed via the internet by users.
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48

Panda, Anup, Krishna Shah, Varsha Budakoti, Krishna Dere, Mira Virda, and Jina Jani. "Evaluation of microcrack formation during root canal preparation using hand, rotary files and self-adjusting file in primary teeth: An in vitro study." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 15, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/joddd.2021.007.

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Background. Pediatric endodontics is a field with constant evolution, resulting in the shifting of paradigms from the use of conventional hand files to rotary files for biomechanical preparation in primary teeth. Biomechanical preparation plays a crucial role in the success of root canal treatment. Primary teeth need special attention since they differ from permanent teeth in root canal morphology. Cleaning and shaping of the canals damage the root dentin, leading to dentinal cracks. Newer techniques for root canal preparation, including Ni-Ti rotary files and SAF system, have been developed for use in pediatric endodontics to overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods. The present study compared dentinal defects formed by rotary systems in primary teeth. Methods. Eighty primary teeth were included. The teeth were decoronated with a diamond disc. All the roots were inspected for any pre-existing cracks or craze lines under transmitted light under a stereomicroscope. The specimens were then divided into four groups (n=20): group 1: control, group 2: hand files (HF), group 3: ProTaper files, and group IV: SAF files. The samples were instrumented according to the group they were assigned to. Results. The HF and SAF groups exhibited fewer microcracks. Dentinal microcracks were observed in roots prepared with rotary ProTaper files. There were significant differences between HF/SAF and rotary files (P<0.05). Conclusion. Stainless steel hand K-files and SAF instruments resulted in fewer dentinal damage than the ProTaper Universal files. SAF exhibited satisfactory results with minimal or no crack formation.
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49

Zhan, Yang, Alex Conway, Yizheng Jiao, Nirjhar Mukherjee, Ian Groombridge, Michael A. Bender, Martin Farach-Colton, et al. "Copy-on-Abundant-Write for Nimble File System Clones." ACM Transactions on Storage 17, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3423495.

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Making logical copies, or clones, of files and directories is critical to many real-world applications and workflows, including backups, virtual machines, and containers. An ideal clone implementation meets the following performance goals: (1) creating the clone has low latency; (2) reads are fast in all versions (i.e., spatial locality is always maintained, even after modifications); (3) writes are fast in all versions; (4) the overall system is space efficient. Implementing a clone operation that realizes all four properties, which we call a nimble clone , is a long-standing open problem. This article describes nimble clones in B-ϵ-tree File System (BetrFS), an open-source, full-path-indexed, and write-optimized file system. The key observation behind our work is that standard copy-on-write heuristics can be too coarse to be space efficient, or too fine-grained to preserve locality. On the other hand, a write-optimized key-value store, such as a Bε-tree or an log-structured merge-tree (LSM)-tree, can decouple the logical application of updates from the granularity at which data is physically copied. In our write-optimized clone implementation, data sharing among clones is only broken when a clone has changed enough to warrant making a copy, a policy we call copy-on-abundant-write . We demonstrate that the algorithmic work needed to batch and amortize the cost of BetrFS clone operations does not erode the performance advantages of baseline BetrFS; BetrFS performance even improves in a few cases. BetrFS cloning is efficient; for example, when using the clone operation for container creation, BetrFS outperforms a simple recursive copy by up to two orders-of-magnitude and outperforms file systems that have specialized Linux Containers (LXC) backends by 3--4×.
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50

Santini, Manuela Favarin, Marília Pivetta Rippe, Gisele Jung Franciscatto, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa, Luiz Felipe Valandro, Marcus Vinícius Reis Só, and Carlos Alexandre Souza Bier. "Canal Preparation and Filling Techniques do not Influence the Fracture Resistance of Extensively Damaged Teeth." Brazilian Dental Journal 25, no. 2 (April 2014): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302392.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the fracture resistance of extensively damaged teeth after two root canal preparation techniques (hand and rotary files) and after two filling techniques (active and passive compaction). Sixty-eight maxillary canines roots with an apical diameter equal to that of a #25 K-file were embedded in acrylic resin and the periodontal ligament was simulated by using a polyether impression material. The roots were randomly distributed into four groups (n=17): hand preparation and active compaction (HA), hand preparation and passive compaction (HP), rotary preparation and active compaction (RA), and rotary preparation and passive compaction (RP). All roots were restored with glass fiber post and metallic crown. The specimens were mechanically cycled (500,000 cycles, 45°, 37°C, 133 N, 2 Hz) and then subjected to a fracture resistance test. A single blinded examiner analyzed the external root surface and classified the failure pattern as favorable or unfavorable. The fracture resistance values ranged between 621.15 N (HP) and 785.71 N (HA). However, the Kruskal-Wallis test did not reveal differences in the fracture resistance values among the four groups (p =0.247). Under the tested conditions, root canal preparation and filling techniques had no influence on the fracture resistance of extensively damaged teeth restored with fiber post and metallic crown.
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