Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hamstring muscle

Academic literature on the topic 'Hamstring muscle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hamstring muscle"

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Lee, Jin Hyuck, Ki-Mo Jang, Eunseon Kim, Hye Chang Rhim, and Hyeong-Dong Kim. "Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching With Strengthening Exercises in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Who Have Inflexible Hamstrings: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 13, no. 1 (August 13, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738120932911.

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Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) syndrome is closely associated with muscle tightness. However, studies regarding the effects of stretching exercises on PFP patients with inflexible hamstrings are scarce. The aim of the study was to compare the effects between static and dynamic hamstring stretching in patients with PFP who have inflexible hamstrings. Hypothesis: Compared with static hamstring stretching, dynamic hamstring stretching will improve the parameters of hamstring flexibility, knee muscle strength, muscle activation time, and clinical outcomes in this patient population. Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A total of 46 patients (25, static stretching; 21, dynamic stretching) participated. Hamstring flexibility was assessed according to the popliteal angle during active knee extension. Muscle strength and muscle activation time were measured using an isokinetic device. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and the anterior knee pain scale (AKPS). Results: There were no differences in hamstring flexibility and knee muscle strength of the affected knees between the groups ( P > 0.05). Significantly improved muscle activation time and clinical outcomes of the affected knees were observed in the dynamic stretching group compared with the static stretching group (all Ps < 0.01 for hamstring, quadriceps, VAS, and AKPS). Conclusion: In patients with PFP who have inflexible hamstrings, dynamic hamstring stretching with strengthening exercises was superior for improving muscle activation time and clinical outcomes compared with static hamstring stretching with strengthening exercises. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians and therapists could implement dynamic hamstring stretching to improve function and reduce pain in patients with PFP who have inflexible hamstrings.
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Avrillon, Simon, Gaël Guilhem, Aude Barthelemy, and François Hug. "Coordination of hamstrings is individual specific and is related to motor performance." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 1069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00133.2018.

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The torque-sharing strategies between synergistic muscles may have important functional consequences. This study involved two experiments. The first experiment ( n = 22) aimed 1) to determine the relationship between the distribution of activation and the distribution of torque-generating capacity among the heads of the hamstring, and 2) to describe individual torque-sharing strategies and to determine whether these strategies are similar between legs. The second experiment ( n = 35) aimed to determine whether the distribution of activation between the muscle heads affects endurance performance during a sustained submaximal knee flexion task. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from biceps femoris (BF), semimembranosus (SM), and semitendinosus (ST) during submaximal isometric knee flexions. Torque-generating capacity was estimated by measuring muscle volume, fascicle length, pennation angle, and moment arm. The product of the normalized EMG amplitude and the torque-generating capacity was used as an index of muscle torque. The distributions of muscle activation and of torque-generating capacity were not correlated significantly (all P > 0.18). Thus, there was a torque imbalance between the muscle heads (ST torque > BF and SM torque; P < 0.001), the magnitude of which varied greatly between participants. A significant negative correlation was observed between the imbalance of activation across the hamstring muscles and the time to exhaustion ( P < 0.001); i.e., the larger the imbalance of activation across muscles, the lower the muscle endurance performance. Torque-sharing strategies between the heads of the hamstrings are individual specific and related to muscle endurance performance. Whether these individual strategies play a role in hamstring injury remains to be determined. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The distribution of activation among the heads of the hamstring is not related to the distribution of torque-generating capacity. The torque-sharing strategies within hamstring muscles vary greatly between individuals but are similar between legs. Hamstring coordination affects endurance performance; i.e., the larger the imbalance of activation across the muscle heads, the lower the muscle endurance.
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Vachhani, Rooju, and Himanshi Sharma. "Effectiveness of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique versus Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in College Going Students." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 6 (June 29, 2021): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210620.

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Background: Hamstring is one of the commonest muscle which often gets tight. Suboccipital muscle inhibition technique is a method of relaxing tension in four muscles located between occiput and axis which regulates the upper cervical vertebra. When the tone of suboccipital muscles falls, it has been reported that the tone of knee flexors such as hamstrings also decreases due to relaxation of myofascia. This is because hamstrings and suboccipital muscles are connected by one neural system, which passes through the duramater called the superficial back line. Muscle energy technique is a procedure that involves voluntary contraction of a patient’s muscle in a precisely controlled direction, at varying levels of intensity and has been utilized in lengthening of tight muscles. Method: The study was done after obtaining approval from ethical committee. Subjects having hamstring tightness who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected from the population. 52 subjects were included and divided into two groups. The study was carried out for 5 days. Subjects in the experimental group were treated with SMIT and Subjects in control group were treated with MET. Outcome measures used were Active Knee extension test and Back Saver Sit and Reach Test. Data was analysed post treatment (Immediate effects) and at the end of 5th session using non- parametric tests at 5% level of significance. Result: Within group analysis at post treatment and at the end of 5th session showed significant improvement in both the outcome measures in experimental and control group. Between group analysis showed no significant effect post treatment whereas after 5 days significant difference was found where more improvement was found in the control group i.e. Muscle energy technique group. Conclusion: Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique and Muscle Energy Technique both were effective in improving hamstring flexibility but Muscle energy technique was found to be more effective. Keywords: Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique, Muscle Energy Technique (MET), Flexibility, Active Knee Extension (AKE), Back Saver Sit and Reach Test (BSRT).
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Kellis, Eleftherios, Nikiforos Galanis, and Nikolaos Kofotolis. "Hamstring-to-Quadriceps Ratio in Female Athletes with a Previous Hamstring Injury, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, and Controls." Sports 7, no. 10 (September 28, 2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7100214.

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Muscle strength imbalances around the knee are often observed in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery and hamstring muscle injury. This study examined three hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) strength ratio types (conventional, functional, and mixed) in thirteen female athletes with a history of hamstring injury, fourteen basketball players following ACL reconstruction and 34 controls. The conventional (concentric H:Q) peak torque ratio was evaluated at 120°·s−1 and 240°·s−1. The functional (eccentric hamstring to concentric quadriceps) torque ratio was evaluated at 120°·s−1. Finally, the mixed (eccentric hamstrings at 30°·s−1 to concentric quadriceps at 240°·s−1) torque ratio was calculated. Both ACL and the hamstring-injured groups showed a lower quadriceps and hamstrings strength compared with controls (p < 0.05). However, non-significant group differences in the H:Q ratio were found (p > 0.05). Isokinetic assessment of muscle strength may be useful for setting appropriate targets of training programs for athletes with a history of ACL surgery or hamstring strain. However, isokinetic evaluation of the H:Q ratio is not injury—specific and it does not vary between different methods of calculating the H:Q ratio.
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Vertullo, Christopher J., Jason M. Konrath, Benjamin Kennedy, Hamish Bush, Rodney S. Barrett, and David G. Lloyd. "HAMSTRING MORPHOLOGY AND STRENGTH REMAIN ALTERED 2 YEARS FOLLOWING A HAMSTRING GRAFT IN ACL RECONSTRUCTION." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 5_suppl5 (May 1, 2017): 2325967117S0018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00181.

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Background: The hamstring graft used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been shown to lead to changes to the semitendinosus and gracilis musculature. This study further evaluated the effect of the surgery on hamstring muscle morphology and knee muscle strength at 2 years post-surgery. Hypotheses: (1) Loss of donor muscle size would significantly correlate with knee muscle strength deficits (2) Loss of donor muscle size would be greater for muscles that do not experience tendon regeneration, and (3) Morphological adaptations would also be evident in non-donor knee muscles. Study Design: Cross sectional evaluation. Methods: 20 participants (14 male, 6 female, 29 ± 7 years, 82 ± 15 kg) that had undergone a hamstring graft in ACL reconstruction at least two years previously, underwent bilateral MRI and subsequent strength testing. Muscle and tendon volumes, peak CSA’s and lengths were determined for 12 muscles and 6 functional muscle groups of the surgical and contralateral limbs. Peak isokinetic concentric strength was measured in knee flexion/extension and internal/external tibial rotation. Results: Only 50% of the patients regenerated both the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. The regenerated tendons were longer with larger volume and CSA compared to the contralateral side. Deficits in semitendinosus and gracilis muscle size were greater for tendons that did not regenerate. In addition, combined hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris) and combined medial knee muscles (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, vastus medialis, medial gastrocnemius, sartorius) on the surgical side were reduced in volume by 12% and 10% respectively. A 7% larger volume was observed in the surgical leg for the biceps femoris and corresponded with a lower internal/external tibial rotation strength ratio. The difference in volume, peak CSA and length of the semitendinosus and gracilis correlated significantly with the deficit in knee flexion strength with Pearson correlations of 0.51, 0.57 and 0.61 respectively. Conclusion: The muscle-tendon properties of the semitendinosus and gracilis are substantially altered following harvesting, and these alterations may contribute to knee flexor weakness in the surgical limb. These deficits are more pronounced in tendons that do not regenerate and are only partially offset by compensatory hypertrophy of other hamstring muscles. Clinical Relevance: Surgeons should consider muscle retraction of the hamstring following tendon harvest in their choice of graft option for ACL reconstruction.
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Crawford, Scott K., Kenneth S. Lee, Greg R. Bashford, and Bryan C. Heiderscheit. "Spatial-frequency Analysis of the Anatomical Differences in Hamstring Muscles." Ultrasonic Imaging 43, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0161734621990707.

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Spatial frequency analysis (SFA) is a quantitative ultrasound method that characterizes tissue organization. SFA has been used for research involving tendon injury, but may prove useful in similar research involving skeletal muscle. As a first step, we investigated if SFA could detect known architectural differences within hamstring muscles. Ultrasound B-mode images were collected bilaterally at locations corresponding to proximal, mid-belly, and distal thirds along the hamstrings from 10 healthy participants. Images were analyzed in the spatial frequency domain by applying a two-dimensional Fourier Transform in all 6.5 × 6.5 mm kernels in a region of interest corresponding to the central portion of the muscle. SFA parameters (peak spatial frequency radius [PSFR], maximum frequency amplitude [Mmax], sum of frequencies [Sum], and ratio of Mmax to Sum [Mmax%]) were extracted from each muscle location and analyzed by separate linear mixed effects models. Significant differences were observed proximo-distally in PSFR ( p = .039), Mmax ( p < .0001), and Sum ( p < .0001), consistent with architectural descriptions of the hamstring muscles. These results suggest that SFA can detect regional differences of healthy tissue structure within the hamstrings—an important finding for future research in regional muscle structure and mechanics.
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Lempainen, Lasse, Jussi Kosola, Ricard Pruna, Jordi Puigdellivol, Janne Sarimo, Pekka Niemi, and Sakari Orava. "Central Tendon Injuries of Hamstring Muscles: Case Series of Operative Treatment." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 232596711875599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118755992.

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Background: As compared with injuries involving muscle only, those involving the central hamstring tendon have a worse prognosis. Limited information is available regarding the surgical treatment of central tendon injuries of the hamstrings. Purpose: To describe the operative treatment and outcomes of central tendon injuries of the hamstrings among athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Eight athletes (6 top level, 2 recreational) with central hamstring tendon injuries underwent magnetic resonance imaging and surgical treatment. The indication for surgery was recurrent (n = 6) or acute (n = 2) central hamstring tendon injury. All patients followed the same postoperative rehabilitation protocol, and return to play was monitored. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging found a central tendon injury in all 3 hamstring muscles (long head of the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus) with disrupted tendon ends. In acute and recurrent central tendon injuries, full return to play was achieved at 2.5 to 4 months. There were no adverse events during follow-up. Conclusion: Central tendon injuries of the hamstrings can be successfully repaired surgically after acute and recurrent ruptures.
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Rathore, Mrithunjay, Vijayakumari j, Garima Jaiswal, and Shikha Mankotia. "Functional Anatomy of the Hamstring Muscle and Its Correlation with the Various Yogic Postures: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 10, no. 4 (December 5, 2022): 8489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2022.234.

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Yoga is believed to be a safe practice; nonetheless, as the number of yoga practitioners has grown, so has the incidence of yoga-related injuries. Overall, lower extremity injuries comprised 64% of total injuries; specifically, the hip, hamstring, knee, ankle, feet and toe. Although a few research studies have quantified the hamstring muscle activities in various yoga asanas, evidence correlating it to functional anatomy is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this narrative review is to examine the literature and analyse hamstrings activity and its relationship to yogic postures, as well as yoga-related injuries, to establish which poses provide the most risk of damage, and to suggest injury-prevention techniques. The following electronic databases were used to conduct the literature search: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Web of Science. hamstring muscle injuries OR yoga and rehabilitation OR intervention AND electromyography was among the search phrases utilized. Such information is important for yoga teachers, yoga therapists to help selecting yoga posture for hamstring muscle imbalance condition and avoiding posture to prevent hamstring muscle injury. KEY WORDS: Hamstring Muscle Activation and Injuries, Yoga Posture.
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Harput, Gulcan, Hasan Erkan Kılınc, Hamza Özer, Gül Baltacı, and Carl G. Mattacola. "Knee Muscle Strength Recovery in the Early Period After ACL Reconstruction." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00141.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate quadriceps and hamstrings isometric strength at 4, 8 and 12 week time points following ACL Reconstruction (ACLR) and to document the strength changes of these muscles over time. The primary hypothesis was that there would be significant increases in quadriceps and hamstring muscle strengths between the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks following ACLR. The secondary hypothesis was that the quadriceps index would be higher than hamstring index at 12th week after ACLR. Methods: Thirty patients (Mean ± SD [age, 29.1±2.3yrs; weight, 77.3±13.2kg; height, 172.1±7.1cm; BMI, 21.2±3.5kg/m2, time to surgery: 7.1±7.2 months]) who underwent ACLR with Hamstring Tendon Autograft (HTG) were enrolled in this study. The isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60° knee flexion angle at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after surgery. The recovery of quadriceps and hamstring muscles strength following rehabilitation was expressed as a Quadriceps Index (QI) and Hamstring Index (HI) and calculated with the following formula:[(maximum voluntary isometric torque of the involved limb / maximum voluntary isometric torque by uninvolved limb) × 100]. Torque output of the involved and uninvolved limbs and quadriceps and hamstring indexes were used for the statistical analysis. A repeated measures of ANOVA was used to determine the strength changes of quadriceps and hamstrings over time. Results: Quadriceps and Hamstrings strengths significantly increased over time for both involved (Quadriceps: F (2,46)=58.3, p<0.001, Hamstring: F (2,46)=35.7, p<0.001) and uninvolved limb (Quadriceps: F(2,46)=17.9, p<0.001, Hamstring: F(2,46)=56.9, p=0.001 ). Quadriceps strength was higher at 12th week when compared to the 8 and 4 week time points for the involved limb (p<0.001), and it was higher at 8th week when compared to 4 week time point for the involved limb (p<0.001). For the uninvolved limb, quadriceps strength was also higher at 12th week when compared to the 8 (p=0.02) and 4 week time point (p<0.001), and higher at 8 week when compared to the 4 week time point (p=0.02). Hamstring strength was higher at 12 week when compared to the 8 and 4 week time points (p<0.001) and it was higher at 8 week when compared to 4 week time point for the involved limb (p<0.001). For the uninvolved limb hamstring strength was also higher at 12 week when compared to 4 week time point (p=0.01). There was no significant difference between the 4 and 8 week time points (p>0.05) or between the 8 and 12 week time points (p=0.07). Quadriceps and hamstring indexes significantly changed from 4th weeks (QI:57.9, HI:54.4 ) to 8th weeks (QI:78.8, HI:69.9 ) and from 8th weeks to 12th weeks (QI:82, HI:75.7 ) (p<0.001); however, there was no difference between indexes at the 12-week time point (p=0.17). Conclusion: Isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles for the involved and uninvolved limb increased during the early period of ACLR. The results of this study could be a baseline for clinicians while prescribing a rehabilitation protocol for ACLR patients with HTG to better appreciate expected strength changes of the muscles in the early phase.
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Ansari, Noureddin Nakhostin, Parisa Alaei, Soofia Naghdi, Zahra Fakhari, Shiva Komesh, and Jan Dommerholt. "Immediate Effects of Dry Needling as a Novel Strategy for Hamstring Flexibility: A Single-Blinded Clinical Pilot Study." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0013.

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Context: There are numerous studies on the benefits of dry needling (DN) for pain relief. No studies exist examining the effects of DN on hamstring flexibility. Objective: To determine the immediate effects of DN on hamstring flexibility in healthy subjects with shortened hamstrings. Design: A single-blinded, pretest–posttest clinical pilot study. Setting: A university physiotherapy clinic. Subjects: A total of 15 healthy subjects (female = 11; age = 23.26 [4.3] y) with shortened hamstrings participated in this study. Intervention: Subjects received a single session of DN. Three locations on the hamstring muscle group were needled, each for 1 minute. Main Outcome Measures: The active knee extension test, muscle compliance, passive peak torque, and stretch tolerance were measured at baseline, immediately, and 15 minutes after DN. Results: There were statistically significant improvements in all outcome measures immediately after DN and at the 15-minute follow-up. The effect sizes for all outcome measures were large (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.8). No serious adverse events were observed with DN. Conclusions: This is the first study that demonstrates the beneficial effects of DN on hamstring flexibility, muscle compliance, and stretch tolerance without added stretching. The beneficial effects of DN should encourage clinicians to use DN as a novel strategy for increasing muscle flexibility.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hamstring muscle"

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Askling, Carl. "Hamstring muscle strain." Doctoral thesis, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Motor Control, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-425.

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Background: Acute hamstring strains are common injuries in different sports. They are often serious, causing long rehabilitation times and a proneness for re-injury. Preliminary observations indicate that the injuries can be of at least two types, one occurring during high-speed running and the other during motions where the hamstring muscles reach extreme lengths.

Aims: To investigate the possible existence of different types of acute hamstring strains in two specific athletic groups, namely sprinters and dancers, as well as the generality of these findings in other sports.

Methods: In the first project, 18 sprinters and 15 dancers with acute first time hamstring strains were prospectively included. All subjects were examined, clinically and with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on 4 occasions after injury: at day 2-4, 10, 21 and 42. The follow-up period was 2 years. In the second project, 30 subjects from 21 different sports were prospectively included. All subjects were examined clinically and with MRI. The follow-up period lasted until the subjects returned to sport or finished their sport activity due to the injury.

Results: All sprinters sustained their injuries during competitive high-speed running. In contrast, all dancers encountered their injuries during slow-speed stretching type of exercises. The initial loss of strength and flexibility was significantly greater in sprinters than in dancers. At 42 days after injury, both groups could perform more than 90% of the test values of the uninjured leg. All the sprinters’ injuries were primarily located in biceps femoris long head, whereas the dancers’ injuries were mainly (87%) involving the proximal free tendon of semimembranosus. For the sprinters, involvement of the proximal free tendon, as estimated by MRI, and proximity to the ischial tuberosity, as estimated both by palpation and MRI, were associated with significantly longer time to return to pre-injury level. In the dancers, there were no significant correlations between clinical or MRI parameters and time to return to per-injury level. The time to pre-injury level was significantly longer (median 50 weeks, range 30-76) for the dancers compared to the sprinters (16, 6-50). In the second project, all injuries occurred during movements reaching a position with combined extensive hip flexion and knee extension. They were all located close to the ischial tuberosity and 83% involved the proximal free tendon of semimembranosus. Fourteen subjects (47%) decided to end their sport activity and for the remaining 16 subjects the median time back to sport was 31 (range 9-104) weeks. There were no significant correlations between clinical and MRI parameters and time to return to sport.

Conclusions: There seems to be a link between the injury situation and the two types of acute hamstring strain in sprinters and dancers with respect to clinical findings, injury location, muscles and tissues involved, and time to return to pre-injury level. Proximity of the injury to the ischial tuberosity, as estimated both by palpation and MRI, is associated with longer recovery time. Also in other sports, an injury situation where the hamstrings reach extensive lengths caused a specific injury to the proximal posterior thigh similar to that described in dancers. Due to the prolonged recovery time associated with this type of injury, correct diagnosis based on history, clinical and MRI investigation, and adequate information to the athletes are essential.


För att beställa tryckta exemplar av avhandlingen kontakta Carl Askling, carl.askling@gih.se
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張劍強 and Kim-keung Cheung. "The effect of hamstring stretching technique on hamstring flexibility and isokinetic strength." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125715X.

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Cheung, Kim-keung. "The effect of hamstring stretching technique on hamstring flexibility and isokinetic strength /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425374.

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Fernandes, Santos Amanda Aparecida. "The effect of joint angle on surface electromyography amplitude of hamstring muscles." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/231385/1/Amanda%20Aparecida_Fernandes%20Santos_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigated the effect of knee angle position on the electrical signal of two hamstring muscles using a traditional technique (bipolar electromyography) and a modern technique (high-density electromyography). The results suggest that changes in knee position affect the electrical activity on bipolar electromyography and these changes are associated with the rotation of muscle fibers under the pair of electrodes. However, using high-density electromyography, there was no difference between different knee positions. These findings suggest that high-density electromyography has different responses compared to bipolar electromyography. Hence, studies using bipolar montages need to be interpreted with caution to avoid wrong conclusions.
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Siegel, Lori L. "Hamstring rehabilitation a systematic review /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5158.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 98 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sole, Gisela, and n/a. "Neuromuscular control of thigh and gluteal muscles following hamstring injuries." University of Otago. School of Physiotherapy, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081103.100628.

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Although traditional prevention and management strategies for hamstring injuries have focussed on optimising muscle strength, flexibility and endurance, incidence and/or recurrence rates of these injuries remains high. A theoretical framework was developed considering additional factors that increase the stabilising demand of the hamstrings. These factors included loss of related stability at the knee and lumbopelvic regions and extrinsic factors during functional and sporting activities. The aims of this research were to determine whether electromyographic (EMG) derived hamstrings, quadriceps and gluteal muscle activation patterns as well as isokinetic torque generation patterns could differentiate athletes who had incurred a hamstring injury from uninjured control athletes. It was hypothesised that the EMG activity of the injured participants would be decreased compared to uninjured control participants during maximal activities, but increased during weight bearing activities. The research included the identification of laboratory-based tasks relevant to the function of the hamstring muscles; test-retest reliability of EMG variables recorded during these tasks; and a comparative cross-sectional study of hamstring-injured (hamstring group, HG) and control athletes (control group, CG). Electromyographic activation patterns were determined during assessment of concentric and eccentric isokinetic strength of the thigh muscles, during transition from double- to single-leg stance, and forward lunging. Isokinetic and EMG onset and amplitude variables were compared both within- and between-groups. Despite no significant differences for peak torque, the HG injured limb generated lower average eccentric flexor torque towards the outer range of motion in comparison to the HG uninjured limb (P = 0.034) and the CG bilateral average (P = 0.025). Furthermore, the EMG root mean square (RMS) decrease from the start to the end range of the eccentric flexor contraction was greater for the HG injured limb hamstrings than the CG bilateral average. During the transition from double- to single-leg stance, the EMG onsets of the HG injured limb (biceps femoris [BF] P < 0.001, medial hamstrings [MH] P = 0.001), and the HG uninjured limb (BF P = 0.023, MH P = 0.011) were earlier in comparison to the CG bilateral average. The transition normalised EMG RMS was significantly higher for the HG injured side BF (P = 0.032), MH (P = 0.039) and vastus lateralis (VL, P = 0.037) in comparison to the CG bilateral average. During the forward lunge, no significant differences were observed within- and between-groups for the normalised EMG amplitude prior to and following initial foot contact. These results suggest that during maximal isokinetic eccentric flexor contractions, the average torque and EMG activity is decreased towards the lengthened position of the hamstring-injured limb. This may be due to structural changes or neurophysiological inhibitory mechanisms. During the static weight bearing task an earlier onset of the HG hamstring muscles was evident in comparison to controls. The hamstrings and the VL of the injured limbs were activated at greater normalised amplitude. The increased muscle activation in the hamstring-injured limbs during the support phase may indicate a greater demand towards stability of the kinetic chain or changes in proprioceptive function. Future research should consider the mechanisms and clinical implications underlying a loss of eccentric flexor torque towards the outer range of contraction, and investigate why increased activation of thigh muscles occurs during the static weight bearing task in hamstring-injured athletes.
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Sonnekalb, Sara. "Impact of different warm-up conditions on hamstring torque and power." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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Thesis (M. Ed.)--Bowling Green State University, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-44). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Snyder, Alison Rose. "The acute influence of static and ballistic stretching on the biomechanics and muscle activity associated with the hamstring stretch /." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1102522627.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2004.
Typescript. "A dissertation [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Exercise Science." Bibliography: leaves 72-77.
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Whyte, Enda. "The influence of reduced hamstring muscle length on patellofemoral joint kinematics." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502313.

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Muller, Brusco Clarissa. "Hamstring muscle architecture parameters in static and dynamic conditions using ultrasound imaging." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2571.

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Biceps femoris long head (BFlh) fascicle length (Lf), fascicle angle (FA), and muscle thickness (MT) were assessed at rest and during dynamic contractions using B-mode ultrasound imaging. The assessments were performed in men and women with no previous hamstring strain injury. Volunteers visited the laboratory for two separate data collection sessions (Day 1 and Day 2) relating to two independent projects, seven days apart at the same time of day for test-retest measurements of the static assessments. For the dynamic assessments, familiarization with the isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee flexion exercises were performed on Day 1. On Day 2, BFlh Lf, FA and MT were assessed in real time using two serially aligned ultrasound devices whilst performing consecutive concentric and eccentric knee flexions at 30°/s and 180°/s. To acquire images at rest, ultrasound imaging was performed using extended field-of-view (EFOV) and static image acquisition sequences of four single images acquired in-series along the muscle. From these images, Lf was assessed using seven methods: EFOV, Collage, manual linear extrapolation, and using four different trigonometric equations, and then FA and MT were measured in EFOV, Collage, and Single images. Lf, FA and MT measured on Days 1 and 2 were not different (p > 0.05) for any method, reliabilities were very high (ICC: 0.91-0.98), and correlations were strong ( ≥ 0.84). Significant correlations (p < 0.05; r=0.67-0.98) were found between EFOV and the other measurement techniques for Lf, FA and MT. The Collage method had the highest reliability for Lf, and highest rank order and correlation with EFOV. The Collage method can therefore be recommended for use if the methodology presented herein is followed. For assessments during dynamic contractions, participants performed consecutive concentric and eccentric contractions at 30°/s and 180°/s whilst in vivo muscle function was recorded using two in-series transducers. At 30°/s both submaximal (55% maximum) and maximal contractions were performed whilst at 180°/s only maximal contractions were performed both before and after fatiguing exercise. Ultrasound videos were exported and edited to create a single, synchronized video and three fascicles were analyzed through the range of motion. Changes during concentric and eccentric contractions (Δ) in Lf, FA and MT at short (60-90° knee angle; 0° full knee extension) and long (0-30°) muscle lengths and across the full knee flexion range were measured and compared. Comparisons were made within exercises performed with the same contraction velocity. When fascicle behaviors were compared during submaximal and maximal concentric and eccentric contractions at 30°/s, greater ΔLf was observed at longer muscle length during both eccentric and concentric contractions (p=0.01), and this alteration was greater during eccentric contractions (p=0.02) at longer muscle lengths (p < 0.001). Greater ΔFA was observed at long length during eccentric contractions (p=0.02). When whole range of motion was analyzed, greater ΔMT was observed (p=0.03) in concentric contractions. When fascicle behavior was compared in the maximal contractions at 180°/s before and after fatiguing exercise, greater ΔLf was observed in the eccentric contraction at the long muscle length (p = 0.01), ΔFA was greater at short muscle lengths in the concentric contractions (p=0.02) and at long muscle lengths (p=0.006) and at full range of motion (p=0.006) during eccentric contractions. Less ΔFA was detected across all contractions (p < 0.05) after the fatiguing exercise when measured through the full range of motion. Greater dynamic torque was observed at long muscle lengths, during eccentric contraction, and before the fatiguing exercise (p < 0.05). Although the six different techniques used to estimate Lf during rest provided values similar to EFOV, the Collage sonographic method provided the most accurate and reliable results and is therefore recommended for BFlh architectural analysis when EFOV is not available. Greater ΔLf and ΔFA were observed for a given joint rotation increment during submaximal and maximal eccentric contractions at long muscle lengths. The increased fascicle strain at long muscle length might contribute to both increased metabolic stress, and therefore longer-term muscle hypertrophy, and to muscle strain injuries.
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Books on the topic "Hamstring muscle"

1

O'Sullivan, Kieran. The role of muscle strength in hamstring injury. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Quadriceps/hamstrings strength ratios and hip flexibility as predictors of hamstring injuries. 1985.

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Armstrong, Douglas. Quadriceps-hamstring ratios for isotonic and isokinetic measurements. 1985.

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Armstrong, Douglas. Quadriceps-hamstring ratios for isotonic and isokinetic measurements. 1985.

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Quadriceps-hamstring ratios for isotonic and isokinetic measurements. 1985.

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Douglas, Armstrong. Quadriceps-hamstring ratios for isotonic and isokinetic measurements. 1985.

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Douglas, Armstrong. Quadriceps-hamstring ratios for isotonic and isokinetic measurements. 1985.

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An electromyographic analysis of the hamstring muscles during bicycle ergometry. 1990.

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An electromyographic analysis of the hamstring muscles during bicycle ergometry. 1988.

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An electromyographic analysis of the hamstring muscles during bicycle ergometry. 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hamstring muscle"

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van der Made, Anne D., Thijs Wieldraaijer, Lars Engebretsen, and Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs. "Hamstring Muscle Injury." In Acute Muscle Injuries, 27–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03722-6_3.

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Volpi, Piero, and Gian Nicola Bisciotti. "Conservative Treatment for Hamstring Muscles Injuries." In Muscle Injury in the Athlete, 215–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16158-3_9.

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Lempainen, Lasse, Janne Sarimo, Pekka Niemi, and Sakari Orava. "Indications for Surgical Treatment in Hamstring Tears." In Muscle and Tendon Injuries, 283–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54184-5_26.

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Hamilton, Bruce, Noel Pollock, Gustaaf Reurink, Robert-Jan de Vos, Craig Purdam, and Kristian Thorborg. "Muscle Injury Classification and Grading Systems." In Prevention and Rehabilitation of Hamstring Injuries, 189–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31638-9_8.

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Mendiguchía, Jurdan, Eduard Alentorn-Geli, Kristian Samuelsson, and Jon Karlsson. "Prevention of Hamstring Muscle Injuries in Sports." In Sports Injuries, 2281–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36569-0_169.

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Mendiguchia, Jurdan, Eduard Alentorn-Geli, Kristian Samuelsson, and Jón Karlsson. "Prevention of Hamstring Muscle Injuries in Sports." In Sports Injuries, 1–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36801-1_169-1.

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Bayer, Monika Lucia, and Tero A. H. Järvinen. "Basic Muscle Physiology in Relation to Hamstring Injury and Repair." In Prevention and Rehabilitation of Hamstring Injuries, 31–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31638-9_2.

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Bourne, Matthew, Joke Schuermans, Erik Witvrouw, Per Aagaard, and Anthony Shield. "Neuromuscular Factors Related to Hamstring Muscle Function, Performance and Injury." In Prevention and Rehabilitation of Hamstring Injuries, 117–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31638-9_5.

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Ono, Takashi. "The Relationship Between Eccentric Exercise and Muscle Damage in Hamstring Muscles." In Sports Injuries and Prevention, 311–26. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55318-2_26.

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Askling, Carl M., and Bryan C. Heiderscheit. "Acute Hamstring Muscle Injury: Types, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sports." In Sports Injuries, 2137–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36569-0_171.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hamstring muscle"

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Rehorn, Michael R., and Silvia S. Blemker. "3D Finite Element Modeling of the Biceps Femoris Muscle." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206695.

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Hamstring strain injury is a significant problem for many athletes [1]. Muscle-tendon (MT) length changes and activation patterns during the sprinting cycle likely contribute to the high risk of injury. It has been suggested that injury may occur during the late swing phase of the sprinting cycle when the hamstring fibers experience activated muscle lengthening [2]. Of the hamstrings muscles, the biceps femoris longhead (BFLH) is the most commonly injured, with the injury most frequently localized along the proximal muscle-tendon junction [3]. We hypothesize that the injuries are localized in this region because it is also the area of highest localized strains.
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Ghufroni, Afif, and Jasmine Kartiko Pertiwi. "Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique to Increase Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in Adolescents." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.29.

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Background: Shortening of the hamstring muscles results in pain, limited range of motion, postural instability, and abnormal gait, which effect on daily activities. Muscle energy technique provides a solution to shortening the hamstring muscles by improving muscle flexibility. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of muscle energy technique in increasing hamstring muscle flexibility in adolescents. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment pretest-posttest without a control group conducted at No. 1 High School Jogonalan, Klaten, Central Java in April 2018. A total of 30 students was selected with purposive sampling method in which one student dropped out. The dependent variable was flexibility of hamstring muscle. The independent variable was muscle energy technique training. The flexibility of hamstring muscle was measured by back saver sit and reach test. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test. Results: Flexibility of hamstring muscle was higher after muscle energy technique (Mean= 39.92; SD= 4.24) than before (Mean= 30.14; SD= 3.59), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Muscle energy technique increases flexibility of hamstring muscle. Muscle exercise technique can be used to improve hamstring muscle flexibility. Keywords: muscle energy technique, flexibility, hamstring muscle, adolescents Correspondence: Afif Ghufroni. Physiotherapy Study Program, School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: apip.physio@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285725000769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.29
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Georgiev, Yordan, Nezabravka Gencheva, and Todor Marinov. "RESEARCH OF HAMSTRINGS MUSCLES IN CHILDREN SPORTS KARATE." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/162.

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ABSTRACT The functional disorder of the hamstrings muscles is associated with prolonged sitting in a chair, poor posture, lack of motor activity and others. Maintaining elastic muscle tissue is an important factor for children practicing martial arts; karate in particular. This study has the purpose to examine hamstring muscles and their condition in children practicing karate. Methodology During the period between March - May 2022, we worked with 30 children in total, in the age group between 8-10 years old, who were practicing karate or boxing in clubs “Fighters”, located in the city of Varna, and club “Khan Krum”, located in the city of Shumen, respectively. For most accurate results, we formed two separate groups with 15 children each. The participants in our control group were training boxing, whilst the children in our experimental group were practicing karate. All 30 children had been training for a period of 6 months, practicing 2 times per week, one astronomical hour per session. At the beginning of every training session with our experimental group, we treated the hamstring muscles of the participants with post-isometric relaxation. To conclude our findings, we assessed the condition of the hamstring muscles of all 30 children at the beginning and end of the study period, utilizing the method of Laseg and a Seat Test with outstretched legs on the floor with a slope to the toes. Results The results at the end of the study period show that the functional deficit of the hamstring muscles continues to be present in 11 children training boxing. In comparison, only five out of 11 initially diagnosed children with hamstring muscle imbalance from our experimental group showed signs of no improvement. Conclusion The results of this study prove the hypothesis that practicing karate with the inclusion of PIR leads to improved elasticity of the hamstring muscles. The proper selection of physiotherapeutic methods and their regular application could not only heal hamstring muscle stiffness but it could also prevent it, if applied from an early age.
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Ahmed, Ahmed. "Does Prior Hamstring Strain Injury Affect Hamstring Muscle Activation Patterns in Amateur Football Players? A Feasibility Study." In 8th International Conference on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010117702170222.

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Bong, David Andrew. "SP0166 ULTRASOUND OF THE HAMSTRING MUSCLE COMPLEX-CLINICAL APPLICATION + DEMO." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.8433.

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Irwin, Ellevyn, Grainne O’Callaghan, Aine Tunney, Eamonn Delahunt, and Ulrik McCarthy Persson. "155 Clinically-oriented assessments of hamstring muscle strength are reliable." In IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.143.

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Liu, Wen, and Murray Maitland. "The Interaction of Muscle Forces With Constraints of Passive Elements in the Knee Joint." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0106.

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Abstract A two-dimensional knee model was developed to determine the interaction between muscle forces and passive constraints of the knee joint. The simulated results showed that increased hamstring muscle force reduced anterior shift of the tibia in ACL-deficient knee at the mid-stance of gait. However, it may not be realistic to maintain normal joint position in ACL deficient knee.
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Sankaran, Sakthivel, Preethika Immaculate Britto, Shanmugananthini Kadarkarai, Vijayalakshmi Sankaran, Paramasivam Alagumariappan, and Sankaran Esakky. "Recuperation from Hamstring muscle injury using a novel-indigenously developed highly compatible prototype." In 2021 6th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icces51350.2021.9489155.

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Kusumaningtyas, Mei, and Herdianty Kusuma Handari. "Assessment of Low Back and Hamstring Muscle Flexibility Among Students of Physiotherapy Department at Health Polytechnics Surakarta." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.13.

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ABSTRACT Background: Lack of physical activity, coupled with long sitting positions in students, can cause muscle shortening, resulting in decreased flexibility that will interfere with daily activities. In these conditions, there is no data on flexibility due to reduced physical activity in students, so this study aims to identify the level of flexibility among students of the Surakarta Health Polytechnic Physiotherapy. Subjects and Method: This was a quantitative descriptive study carried out students majoring in physiotherapy at School of Health Polytechnic, Surakarta from august to September, 2019. A total sampel 226, who consisted of 66 male students and 160 female students. The data were collected by survey with test and measurement techniques accompanied by interviews about the subject’s activities This study measures the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles, using a sit and reach test, and then the results are analyzed using a quantitative descriptive with a percentage. Result: The measurement results were less than 1%, less than 13%, enough for 61%, good for 18%, and very good at 7%. The student’s average flexibility is 36 cm, with a minimum score of 11 cm and a maximum score of 52 cm. the results of identifying the flexibility of physiotherapy students on average insufficient conditions were 61%. Conclusion: The results of identifying the level of flexibility are in the sufficient category, and this study as a basis for conducting further research related to interventions to increase flexibility. Keyword: flexibility, lower back, hamstring, sit and reach test, student. Correspondence: Mei Kusumaningtyas. School of Health Polytechnic, Surakarta. Jl. Adi Sumarmo, Tohudan, Colomadu, Karanganyar, West Java. Email: meikusumaningtyas@gmail.com. Mobile: 085725646444. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.13
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Lievens, Eline, Kim Van Vossel, Freek Van de Casteele, Evi Wezenbeek, Erik Witvrouw, and Wim Derave. "033 Strong predictive power of muscle fibre typology on hamstring strain injury risk in professional soccer." In IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.31.

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