Academic literature on the topic 'Hampton Academy (Hampton, N.H.)'

Представлены методики экспериментов для изучения переохлажденной воды с использованием микроволновой спектроскопии. Одна методика связана с получением глубокого переохлаждения воды в порах силикатного материала, другая основана на получении аморфного состояния в образце пресного льда при его пластической деформации. Показаны возможности методик при изучении свойств переохлажденной воды. При атмосферном давлении и температуре –45 °С (на линии Видома) был определен интервал температур, в котором наблюдаются аномалии микроволновых потерь переохлажденной воды, находящейся в порах силикагеля. При пластической деформации поликристаллического льда наблюдали минимум фактора потерь в микроволновом диапазоне на линии Видома. ЛИТЕРАТУРА Chaplin M. Water Structure and Science. URL: http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/chaplin.html (accessed 18 January 2019). Mishima O. Journal of Chemical Physics, 2010, vol. 133, no. 14, p. 144503/6. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3487999 Xu L., Kumar P., Buldyrev S. V., Chen S.-H., Poole P. H., Sciortino F., Stanley H. E. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005, vol. 102, iss. 46, p. 16558-16562. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507870102 Franzese G., Stanley Н. E. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 2007, vol. 19, p. 205126/1-16. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/19/20/205126 Sellberg J. A., Huang C., McQueen T. A., Loh N. D., Laksmono H., Schlesinger D., Sierra R. G., Nordlund D., Hampton C. Y., Starodub D., Deponte D. P., Beye M., Chen C., Martin A. V., Barty A., Wikfeldt K. T., Weiss T. M., Caronna C., Feldkamp J., Skinner L. B., Seibert M. M., Messerschmidt M., Williams G. J., Boutet S., Pettersson L. G. M., Bogan M. J., Nilsson A. Nature, 2014, vol. 510, no. 7505, pp. 381-384. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13266 Bordonskiy G. S., Krylov S. D. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 86, iss. 11, pp. 1682-1688. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024412110064 Bordonskiy G. S., Gurulev A. A., Krylov S. D., Sigachev N. P., Schegrina K. A. Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2016, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 304-311. https://journals.vsu.ru/kcmf/article/view/138/96 (in Russ.) Castrillón S. R.-V., Giovambattista N., Aksay U. A., Debenedetti P. G. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2009, vol. 113, iss. 23, pp. 7973-7976. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9025392 Cerveny S., Mallamace F., Swenson J., Vogel M., Xu L. Chemical Reviews, 2016, vol. 116, iss. 13, pp. 7608-7625. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00609 Gallo P., Rovere M., Chen S.-H. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2010, vol. 1, iss. 4, pp. 729-733. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz9003125 Menshikov L. I., Menshikov P. L., Fedichev P. O. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, vol. 125, iss. 6, pp. 1173-1188. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063776117120056 Bordonskii G. S., Gurulev A. A., Krylov S. D. Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics, 59, iss. 6, pp. 536-540. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064226914060060 Bordonskii G. S., Krylov S. D. Technical Physics Letters, vol. 43, iss. 11, pp. 983-986. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063785017110025 Silonov V. M., Chubarov V. V. Journal of Surface Investigation, 2016, vol. 10, iss. 4, pp. 883-886. DOI: 10.1134/S1027451016030356 Bordonskii G. S., Gurulev A. A. Technical Physics Letters, vol. 43, iss. 4, pp. 380-382. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063785017040174 Landau L. D., Lifshic E. M. Teoreticheskaya fizika. Tom. 5. Statisticheskaya fizika. CHast' 1. M.: Fizmatlit Publ., 2002, 616 p. (in Russ.). Orlov A. O. Vestnik Zabajkal'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2016, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 14-20. (in Russ.) Nagoe A., Kanke Y., Oguni M., Namba S. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2010, vol. 114, iss. 44, pp. 13940-13943. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp104970s Zuev L. B. Fiz. Met., 2015, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 35–60. (in Russ.).

Представлена гипотеза о новом механизме ускорения химических реакцийс участием переохлажденной воды вблизи –45 °C. Гипотеза основана на свойствах второйкритической точки воды. Предполагается, что возрастание флуктуации энергии молекулводы приводит к ускорению протекания химических превращений. В эксперименте сиспользованием нанопористых увлажненных силикатных сорбентов удалось наблюдатьреакцию взаимодействия водорода с поверхностью пор при –45 °C. Химические реакциис участием воды по предполагаемому механизму могут ускоренно протекать на линииВидома при температурах от –45 °C до –53 °C и в области давлений от 0 до 100 MPa. ЛИТЕРАТУРА1. Palmer M. Y., Cordiner M. A., Nixon C. A., Charnley S. B., Teanby N. A., Kisiel, Z., Irwin P. G. J., MummaM. J. ALMA detection and astrobiological potential of vinyl cyanide on Titan // Science Advances, 2017,v. 3(7), p. e1700022/6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.17000222. Goesmann F., Rosenbauer H., Bredehöft J. 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Parental Involvement in their children's schooling has long been recognized as a critical component of good education. This study aims to find out the relationship between socioeconomic status, interpersonal communication, and school climate with parental involvement in early childhood education. Using survey and correlational research design, data collection was carried out through accumulation techniques with tests and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used statistical analysis and multiple regressions. The findings in the socio-economic context of parents show that the measure of power is an indicator in the very high category with a total score of 5, while the measures of wealth, honour and knowledge are included in the high category with a total score of 4 in relation to parental involvement. The form of interpersonal communication, the openness of parents in responding happily to information / news received from schools about children is a finding of a significant relationship with parental involvement in early childhood education. The school climate describes the responsibility for their respective duties and roles, work support provided, and interpersonal communication relationships, parents at home and teachers at school. Keywords: Socio-economic Status, Interpersonal Communication, Climate School, Parental Involvement, Early Childhood Education References Amato, P. R. (2005). The Impact of Family Formation Change on the Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Well-Being of the Next Generation. The Future of Children, 15(2), 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2005.0012 Arnold, D. H., Zeljo, A., Doctoroff, G. L., & Ortiz, C. (2008). Parent Involvement in Preschool: Predictors and the Relation of Involvement to Preliteracy Development. 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School, family, and community partnerships: Your handbook for action (2nd ed). Corwin Press. Fan, X. (2001). Parental Involvement and Students’ Academic Achievement: A Growth Modeling Analysis. The Journal of Experimental Education, 70(1), 27–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220970109599497 Fan, X., & Chen, M. (2001). Parental Involvement and Students’ Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 23. Georgiou, S. N., & Tourva, A. (2007). Parental attributions and parental involvement. 10. Gorski, P. (2008). The Myth of the Culture of Poverty. Educational Leadership, 65(7), 32–36. Hamre, B. K., & Pianta, R. C. (2005). Can Instructional and Emotional Support in the First-Grade Classroom Make a Difference for Children at Risk of School Failure? Child Development, 76(5), 949–967. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00889.x Hill, N. E., & Taylor, L. C. (2004). Parental School Involvement and Children’s Academic Achievement: Pragmatics and Issues. 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Family socioeconomic status, parental expectations, and adolescents’ academic achievements: A case of China. Educational Research and Evaluation, 22(5–6), 283–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2016.1237369 Loukas, A. (2007). High-quality school climate is advantageous for all students and may be particularly beneficial for at-risk students. 3. Mattingly, D. J., Prislin, R., McKenzie, T. L., Rodriguez, J. L., & Kayzar, B. (2002). Evaluating Evaluations: The Case of Parent Involvement Programs. Review of Educational Research, 72(4), 549–576. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543072004549 McWayne, C., Hampton, V., Fantuzzo, J., Cohen, H. L., & Sekino, Y. (2004). A multivariate examination of parent involvement and the social and academic competencies of urban kindergarten children. Psychology in the Schools, 41(3), 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.10163 Miedel, W. T., & Reynolds, A. J. (1999). Parent Involvement in Early Intervention for Disadvantaged Children: Does It Matter? 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Abstract Background: While high-resolution imaging and advancements in therapies have significantly improved breast cancer survival rates, 43,170 breast cancer patients will die in the United States in 2023 alone. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and disproportionately affects BRCA1 mutation carriers and young black women. Black/African American (AA) patients have the highest mortality and the shortest survival of any racial/ethnic group in the US. Persistent cancer racial disparities remain due to a variety of risk factors. The SEER/CDC data show an 8% lower breast cancer incidence rate and a 41% higher mortality rate in Black/AA patients compared to their white counterparts. Methods: Chart review was conducted using Sentara MD Office/EPIC and VOA iKnowMedicine portals to update tumor relapse, metastasis, and survival in 577 TNBC patients. Supported by strong evidence in developmental, evolutionary, and cancer biology, we hypothesize that persistent EGFR/K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation is a major driving force of TNBC malignancy, racial disparity, early relapse, and high mortality. We propose to integrate SIAH expression to augment the existing clinicopathological parameters to improve patient risk stratification, therapy quantification, and relapse/survival prediction at the 1st-line neoadjuvant settings. Results: We report that cancer disparity and high mortality rates are even more pronounced in our racially-diverse communities in Hampton Roads Virginia. We discovered that SIAH is a tumor-specific, therapy-responsive, and prognostic biomarker in TNBC. High SIAH expression in residual tumors reflects tumor-driving EGFR/K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation (ON) that will predict cancer disparity, treatment resistance, early relapse, and poor survival. Low SIAH expression in residual tumors reflect EGFR/K-RAS/SIAH pathway inactivation (OFF) that will predict tumor remission and prolonged survival. Conclusion: We detect a major racial disparity of TNBC patients at Sentara-EVMS-VOA. Our local Black/AA TNBC patients have a 1.6-fold higher mortality rate than their White counterparts. Encouraged by our preliminary data, we aim to develop a SIAH-centered biomarker panel by measuring the EGFR/K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation (ON)/inactivation (OFF), and use SIAH as a new prognostic biomarker to risk stratify patients, detect cancer racial disparities, forecast tumor relapse, and predict patient survival at 1st-line neoadjuvant settings. By targeting SIAH, individualized treatments can be created to allow for increased survival rates in at risk individuals with more aggressive TNBCs. Citation Format: Claire B. Piatak, Taylor N. Drake, Ashleigh Hannah, Jonathan Baker, Caroline L. Dasom, Emily L. Breeding, Janet S. Winston, Billur Samli, Rick Jansen, Michael Danso, Richard A. Hoefer, Amy H. Tang. Racial disparities in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mortality rates in Hampton Roads Virginia and the effects of SIAH expression on prognosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2137.

Abstract Introduction: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American women. While improvements in local and systemic therapies have significantly improved survival, 43,250 MBC patients are expected to succumb to their disease in the United States in 2022 alone. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15% of all breast cancer and is defined by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, known for its early relapse rate, chemo-resistance, and reduced survival. TNBC is also nearly twice as common in African American (AA) than in White women. In this study, we aim to ascertain the cancer disparity in a large cohort of Black/AA TNBC patients compared to their White counterparts in Hampton Roads, Virginia, as well as to the national SEER database. Methods: A retrospective chart review and survival study of 554 TNBC patients who received standard of care (SOC) treatment at Sentara-EVMS-VOA was performed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine if any clinicopathologic parameters, chemotherapy regimens, insurance, or socioeconomic status could be used to predict patient survival and risk stratify Black/AA and White TNBC patients in this Sentara cohort. Results: According to the national SEER TNBC database, 5-year survival rates for Black/AA and Whites are reported as 71.65% and 78.98%, respectively, compared to 70.33% and 75.53% within our local TNBC cohort. The Kaplan-Meier curve, which stratified our TNBC patients by race, predicted significant reduction in breast cancer-specific survival among Black/AA patients as compared to their White counterparts at all TNBC stages, especially in advanced and metastatic settings. This disparity is notably pronounced at stages II and III, as the Black/AA survival curves trend below that of the White TNBC patients for years following surgical intervention. A higher percentage of Black/AA patients were uninsured or under Medicaid coverage and did not receive standard AC-T regimens, particularly for TNBC patients with stage II disease, likely contributing to a reduced 5-year survival in the Black/AA TNBC cohort. We detected racial disparity in prescription of monotherapy or combination chemotherapy that might have also linked to reduced survival in the Black/AA patients from the Sentara catchment areas. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status is a major impediment for access to health care. Multipronged combination chemotherapy regimens are critical in treating high-risk and high-grade TNBC patients. Therefore, it is imperative that Medicaid coverage includes AC-T regimens to improve TNBC survival, especially in our Black/AA patients in Hampton Roads, Virginia. Citation Format: Taylor N. Drake, Brandon Euker, Angela M. Tang-Tan, Caroline Dasom Lee, Emily L. Breeding, Janet S. Winston, Billur Samli, Rick J. Jansen, Michael Danso, Mary L. Guye, Richard A. Hoefer, Amy H. Tang. Stratifying high-risk patients, quantifying therapy efficacy, and detecting treatment/racial disparity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) at Sentara-EVMS-VOA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1961.

Abstract. Tunable laser direct absorption spectroscopy is a widely used technique for the in situ sensing of atmospheric composition. Aircraft deployment poses a challenging operating environment for instruments measuring climatologically relevant gases in the Earth's atmosphere. Here, we demonstrate the successful adaption of a commercially available continuous wave quantum cascade laser (QCL) and interband cascade laser (ICL) based spectrometer for airborne in situ trace gas measurements with a local to regional focus. The instrument measures methane, ethane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and water vapor simultaneously, with high 1 s–1σ precision (740 ppt, 205 ppt, 460 ppb, 2.2 ppb, 137 ppt and 16 ppm, respectively) and high frequency (2 Hz). We estimate a total 1 s–1σ uncertainty of 1.85 ppb, 1.6 ppb, 1.0 ppm, 7.0 ppb and 0.8 ppb in CH4, C2H6, CO2, CO and N2O, respectively. The instrument enables simultaneous and continuous observations for all targeted species. Frequent calibration allows for a measurement duty cycle ≥90 %. Custom retrieval software has been implemented and instrument performance is reported for a first field deployment during NASA's Atmospheric Carbon and Transport – America (ACT-America) campaign in fall 2017 over the eastern and central USA. This includes an inter-instrumental comparison with a calibrated cavity ring-down greenhouse gas analyzer (operated by NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA) and periodic flask samples analyzed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We demonstrate good agreement of the QCL- and ICL-based instrument to these concurrent observations within the combined measurement uncertainty after correcting for a constant bias. We find that precise knowledge of the δ13C of the working standards and the sampled air is needed to enhance CO2 compatibility when operating on the 2227.604 cm−1 13C16O2 absorption line.

Abstract Background: Clinical outcomes for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients are heterogenous with survival ranging from months to > 10 years. Though several clinical and genomic features predict outcomes, the “one-size-fits-all” treatment paradigm remains dominant for NDMM. Hypothesis: By integrating clinical, genomic and therapeutic data, using artificial intelligence, an individualized risk-prediction model for NDMM (IRM) can facilitate individually-tailored therapeutic decisions. Methods: We included 1933 patients with clinical and genomic data from 5 cohorts: MMRF CoMMpass (n=1062), MGP (n=492), Moffit AVATAR (n=177), UAMS (n=93), and MSKCC (n=109). The median follow-up was 43 months. Overall, we considered 160 clinical (e.g., age, ECOG, race), therapeutics, and genomic variables. To correct for time-dependent variables such as autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and continuous treatment, a multi-state model was designed across two phases: induction (phase 1), and post-induction (phase 2). Neural Cox Non-proportional-hazards (NCNPH) was used to integrate the data and build the model. Results: Overall, the 5-year overall survival (OS) c-index for IRM was 0.73, significantly higher than all existing prognostic models: R2-ISS (0.62), ISS (0.61) and R-ISS (0.56). The overall model accuracy was significantly improved by the inclusion of 12 genomic features, including 1q21 gain/amp, TP53 loss, t(4;14)(NSD2;IGH), complex copy number signatures, APOBEC mutational signature contribution, and del1p. Prescribed therapy emerged as a key determinant of risk, suggesting that effective combinations may have a different impact in the context of individual patient features, with the potential to significantly change clinical outcomes despite poor historical prognostication (i.e., treatment variance). Leveraging these concepts, we interrogated the clinical impact of ASCT and continuous treatment in the context of NDMM treated with bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (VRd). Integrating predicted outcomes and treatment variance for all 4 possible treatment combinations (i.e., VRd +/- ASCT +/- continuous treatment) we identified 3 patient groups. In the first group (n=632), patients were characterized by complex genomic features, older age, high ISS, poor outcomes and limited treatment variance, reflecting aggressive and refractory myeloma. The second group (n=571) was characterized by high treatment variance, with favorable outcomes if ASCT and continuous treatment are provided. The last group (n=730) included patients with favorable clinical and genomic profiles, achieving good outcomes, with minimal advantage from ASCT. Conclusion: Integrating historical and emerging genomic features with clinical and therapeutic data, we developed the first individualized risk-prediction model for personally-tailored therapeutic decisions in NDMM. Citation Format: Arjun Raj Rajanna, Francesco Maura, Andriy Derkach, Bachisio Ziccheddu, Niels Weinhold, Kylee Maclachlan, Benjamin Diamond, Faith Davies, Eileen Boyle, Brian Walker, Alexandra Pos, Malin Hulcrantz, Ariosto Silva, Oliver Hampton, Jamie K. Teer, Niccolò Bolli, Graham Jackson, Martin Kaiser, Charlotte Pawlyn, Gordon Cook, Dennis Verducci, Dickran Kazandjian, Fritz Van Rhee, Saad Usmani, Kenneth H. Shain, Marc S. Raab, Gareth Morgan, Ola Landgren. Individualized risk stratification in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5453.

Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of soybean charcoal rot, is widely present in soil and has been reported to cause yield losses of 30 to 50%, mainly in southern soybean production regions of the United States. (2). Charcoal rot was first reported in North Dakota during 2002, suggesting a range expansion for M. phaseolina (1). Charcoal rot has been occasionally observed in Iowa in individual soybean plants, but epidemics of the disease have not been recorded. During the 2003 growing season, a severe epidemic of charcoal rot was observed throughout the state. Diseased plants were first noticed in late July and by late August, patches of diseased plants wilted and died prematurely in many fields. The pith of diseased plants had a brown discoloration in taproots and lower stems. Symptoms were observed up to the 4th or 5th nodes, typical of charcoal rot. In some plants, no discoloration was evident. In discolored plants, microsclerotia of M. phaseolina were commonly observed in the epidermis, just beneath the epidermis, and inside taproots and lower stems of wilted plants. A systematic survey was conducted between late August and early September, 2003 to determine the prevalence and severity of charcoal rot in Iowa. The disease was observed in 60% of fields surveyed in northern Iowa (north of latitude 42.5°N), 90% in central Iowa (latitude 41.6 to 42.5°N), and 20% in southern Iowa (south of latitude 41.6°N). Incidence in surveyed fields ranged from 10 to 80%. One 80-ha field in Hampton (northern Iowa) had 50% disease incidence. An incidence of 80%, with extensive premature death prior to growth stage R6 (full seed), was observed in a 16-ha field east of Huxley (central Iowa). The fungus was isolated by splitting open the tap roots of a few representative symptomatic plants from 18 fields. Tissue colonized with microsclerotia of M. phaseolina was scraped, collected in sterile petri dishes, surface sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite, washed in distilled sterile water, and transferred to potato dextrose agar. The plates were incubated for 2 weeks at 22 ± 1°C on laboratory benches with a 12-h photoperiod. All resulting cultures produced abundant microscleorotia of M. phaseolina similar to those described by Smith and Wyllie (3). Pycnidia were observed in two cultures. August 2003 was the driest month on record in Iowa, which may have contributed to the outbreaks of this disease. Statewide, yield in Iowa soybean during 2003 was 1,976.1 kg/ha (2,798 kg/ha in 2002). The largescale epidemic of charcoal rot may have contributed to the overall reduction in soybean productivity in Iowa in 2003 (4). Since M. phaseolina also infects corn (2), and corn/soybean rotation is the most common cropping system in Iowa, efforts are needed to address the future risk of M. phaseolina to corn and soybean. References: (1) C. A. Bradley and L. E. del Rio. Plant Dis. 87:601, 2003. (2) D. C. McGee. Soybean Diseases: A Reference Source for Seed Technologists. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1992; (3) G. S. Smith and T. D. Wyllie. Charcoal rot. Pages 29–31 in: Compendium of Soybean Diseases. 4th ed. G. L. Hartman et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1999. (4). X. B. Yang et al. Biology and management of soybean charcoal rot. Pages 55–60. in: Proc. 15th Integrated Crop Management Conf. Iowa State University, Ames. 2003.

ObjectiveTo track and visually assess how automated attention structures within the electronic health record (EHR) compete for clinicians attention during computer physician order entry that could potentially lead to transactions hazards in the clinical narrative.IntroductionIn recent years, studies in health and medicine have shifted toward eHealth communication and the relationships among human interaction, computer literacy, and digital text content in medical discourses (1-6). Clinicians, however, continue to struggle with EHR usability, including how to effectively capture patient data without error (7-9). Usability is especially problematic for clinicians, who must now acquire new skills in electronic documentation (10). Challenges with the EHR occur because of clinicians’ struggle with attention to the non-linear format of clinical content and automated technologies (11). It is therefore important to understand how attention structures are visually situated within the EHR’s narrative architecture and audience for whom electronic text is written. It is equally important to visualize and track how automated language and design in health information technology (HIT) affect users’ attention when documenting clinical narratives (12). In the study of health information technology, researchers of eHealth platforms need to recognize how the construction of human communication lies within the metaphoric expression, design, and delivery of the EHR’s information architecture (13). Many studies of electronic health records (EHR) examine the design and usability in the development stages. Some studies focus on the economic value of the EHR Medicare incentive program, which affects providers’ return on investment (ROI). Few studies, however, identify the communicative value of how attention structures within the EHR’s information architecture compete for users’ attention during the clinical documentation process (9, 14).MethodsThis paper highlights methods from an observed EHR pre-launch testing event that analyzes the visual effects of attention structures within the EHR’s information landscape. The observation was completed in two separate stages, each with one IT facilitator and two participant demographics: Stage 1. On-site HIT clinical application staff testing and, Stage 2. Twenty-five participants (RN and non-RN clinical staff). During the second stage of the event, one participant’s task performance was screencast-recorded. The length of the testing for the one participant totaled 37 minutes. Because the EHR domain is propelled by both the Internet and Intranet, a contextual-rhetorical analysis of the data collected was performed which incorporated Nielsen's 10 Usability Heuristics for Interaction Design (15, 16) and Stuart Blythe’s methodological approach to analyzing digital writing and technology to defining rhetorical units of analysis in digital Web research (17).ResultsThe UX observation and contextual-rhetorical analysis of EHR design supports a 4-year qualitative study consisting of hospital interviews at two acute-care facilities and an online, national survey of revenue integrity and clinical documentation improvement specialists. The testing event served as an opportunity to observe how a healthcare organization user-experience tests the functionality of the EHR’s design build before launching it live. The testing event also provides an understanding of clinicians’ organizational needs and challenges during the clinical documentation process. The contextual-rhetorical analysis identified how the structure of narrative in the EHR represents rhetorical units of value that might influence how clinicians make decisions about narrative construction.ConclusionsThis UX case study analysis of an EHR testing event identifies how scarcity of attention and clinicians’ reliance on technology affect clinical documentation best practices leading to potential transaction hazards in the clinical narrative.The study is relevant in eHealth data surveillance because it shows how visual cues within the design of the EHR's technological landscape affect clinicians’ decision-making processes while documenting the EHR-generated clinical narrativeReferences1. Black A, Car J, Majeed A, Sheikh A. Strategic considerations for improving the quality of eHealth research: we need to improve the quality and capacity of academia to undertake informatics research. Journal of Innovation in Health Informatics. 2008;16(3):175-7.2. Meeks DW, Smith MW, Taylor L, Sittig DF, Scott JM, Singh H. An analysis of electronic health record-related patient safety concerns. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2014;21(6):1053-9.3. Owens KH. Rhetorics of e-Health and information age medicine: A risk-benefit analysis. JAC. 2011:225-35.4. Petersson J. Geographies of eHealth: Studies of Healthcare at a Distance2014.5. Solomon S. How we can end the disconnect in health. Health Voices. 2014(15):23.6. Subbiah NK. Improving Usability and Adoption of Tablet-based Electronic Health Record (EHR) Applications: Arizona State University; 2018.7. Khairat S, Burke G, Archambault H, Schwartz T, Larson J, Ratwani RM. Perceived Burden of EHRs on Physicians at Different Stages of Their Career. Applied clinical informatics. 2018;9(02):336-47.8. Staggers N, Elias BL, Makar E, Alexander GL. The Imperative of Solving Nurses’ Usability Problems With Health Information Technology. Journal of Nursing Administration. 2018;48(4):191-6.9. Yackel TR, Embi PJ. Unintended errors with EHR-based result management: a case series. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2010;17(1):104-7.10. Stewart WF, Shah NR, Selna MJ, Paulus RA, Walker JM. Bridging the inferential gap: the electronic health record and clinical evidence. Health Affairs. 2007;26(2):w181-w91.11. Johnson SB, Bakken S, Dine D, Hyun S, Mendonça E, Morrison F, et al. An electronic health record based on structured narrative. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2008;15(1):54-64.12. Lanham RA. The economics of attention: Style and substance in the age of information: University of Chicago Press; 2006.13. Salvo MJ. Rhetorical action in professional space: Information architecture as critical practice. Journal of Business and Technical Communication. 2004;18(1):39-66.14. Sittig DF, Singh H. A new socio-technical model for studying health information technology in complex adaptive healthcare systems. Cognitive Informatics for Biomedicine: Springer; 2015. p. 59-80.15. Nielsen J. 10 usability heuristics for user interface design. Nielsen Norman Group. 1995;1(1).16. Nielsen J, Molich R, editors. Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems; 1990: ACM.17. Blythe S. Digital Writing Research. In: McKee HA, DeVoss D, editors. Digital Writing Research: Technologies, Methodologies and Ethical Issues (New Dimensions in Computers and Composition)Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press; 2007. p. 203-28.

Abstract Type II diabetes (T2D) is characterized for insulin resistance in muscle, liver, and fat (1). Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (Pgrmc1) is novel cell surface receptor which is associated with insulin receptor beta (IRβ) (2). Therefore, we speculated Pgrmc1 might be related to T2D. Using Pgrmc1 KO mice reported in our previous study (3), we observed the decrease of body weight (BW) and increase of muscle weight per body weight. When blood glucose level in post-prandial state was lower, Pgrmc1 KO mice showed improvements in glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). Though insulin level was low, insulin signaling genes were up-regulated in post-prandial Pgrmc1 KO mice, especially in muscle. Regulations of blood glucose level and insulin signaling gene levels by Pgrmc1 were also similarly observed in insulin-deficient state. To induce T2D, C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks and injected by low dose of streptozotocin (30mg/kg). As a result, T2D-induced Pgrmc1 KO mice increased lean mass per BW, decreased the blood glucose level, and improved GTT and ITT. The insulin signaling genes were also up-regulated, while cytoplasmic GLUT4 was decreased, but membrane GLUT4 was increased in T2D-induced Pgrmc1 KO muscle. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation genes were increased, suggesting energy metabolism was increased in T2D-induced Pgrmc1 KO muscle. Present study suggests that Pgrmc1 loss increases insulin signaling through induction of cytoplasmic IRβ and pAKT, and induces glucose uptake of muscle, thereby showing improvement in T2D progression. This has important clinical value because Pgrmc1 modulation will evade hypoglycemia caused by classic insulin therapy for T2D (4). References: (1) Fernandez, A. M., Kim, J. K., Yakar, S., Dupont, J., Hernandez-Sanchez, C., Castle, A. L., Filmore, J., Shulman, G. I., and Le Roith, D. (2001) Functional inactivation of the IGF-I and insulin receptors in skeletal muscle causes type 2 diabetes. Genes & development 15, 1926-1934. (2) Hampton, K. K., Anderson, K., Frazier, H., Thibault, O., and Craven, R. J. (2018) Insulin Receptor Plasma Membrane Levels Increased by the Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1. Mol Pharmacol 94, 665-673. (3) Lee, S. R., Kwon, S. W., Kaya, P., Lee, Y. H., Lee, J. G., Kim, G., Lee, G. S., Baek, I. J., and Hong, E. J. (2018) Loss of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 promotes hepatic steatosis via the induced de novo lipogenesis. Scientific reports 8, 15711. (4) Zammitt, N. N., and Frier, B. M. (2005) Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: pathophysiology, frequency, and effects of different treatment modalities. Diabetes care 28, 2948-2961.