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Journal articles on the topic 'Halochromic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Lim, Taekyung, Jeong Hui Lee, Keun-Hyeok Yang, Sanghyun Ju, and Sang-Mi Jeong. "Highly elastic halochromic fibers capable of reversible sensing of acidic/basic vapor for use in wearable textiles." AIP Advances 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 105011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0112751.

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Halochromic sensors, which allow users to visually recognize exposure to acid/base chemicals that are harmful to the human body, are routinely used in a wide range of industries, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, cosmetics, and environmental/human monitoring systems. In this study, halochromic fibers that operate stably, even when exposed to rain or sweat and repeated stretching–releasing, were investigated. While the halochromic mesoporous silica was synthesized using tetraethylorthosilicate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, methyl yellow (MY) and bromothymol blue (BTB) as halochromic dyes were added so that MY and BTB were chemically or physically immobilized on the siloxane network structure of the halochromic mesoporous silica. Using the swelling and shrinking properties of the polymer, the halochromic mesoporous silica was embedded in a highly elastic spandex fiber composed of multiple strands. Because of the strong ionic and hydrogen bonding between the dye and the silica matrix, the dyes can be immobilized even in an aqueous solution without the leaching of the dyes. The stretchable halochromic fiber reversibly changed its color even after repeated exposure to acidic/basic conditions five times and could sense acid/base concentrations in the range of 0.5–10 wt %. In addition, because the halochromic mesoporous silica is tightly adhered between the stands of spandex fibers, stable color conversion properties were maintained even after stretching to 150% of the fibers and repeated 100 times. Because the halochromic fiber can be applied to lab coats, work clothes, and gloves, it is expected to be used as a wearable colorimetric sensor for daily life and industrial applications.

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Chan, Qi Hua, Muhammad Zulkarnain Zamri, Arjulizan Rusli, Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid, Muhammad Khalil Abdullah, Mohamad Danial Shafiq, and Ku Marsila Ku Ishak. "Additive Manufacturing of Halochromic Polylactic Acid (PLA)." Advanced Engineering Forum 51 (January 12, 2024): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-asnd6w.

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With increasing concerns regarding plastic waste and pollution, researchers have been looking to develop advanced materials from biodegradable plastics. This study features a halochromic biodegradable polymer produced using additive manufacturing. The purpose of this research is to fabricate halochromic polylactic acid (PLA) filaments and assess its halochromic behaviour, mechanical and chemical properties of the 3D printed PLA specimens. PLA/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/bromocresol purple (BCP) compound was prepared and added in extrusion to produce a 3D printing filament. Dumbbell-shaped and rectangular specimens were fabricated from the filament through 3D printing. The halochromic responsiveness and colour reversibility were tested by exposing the samples to liquid and vaporized hydrochloric acid (strong acid), acetic acid (weak acid) and ammonia (strong alkali). The tensile properties, fracture surface morphology and chemical species of the specimens were tested and analyzed through tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The halochromic responsiveness shows obvious colour changes from yellow to blue when exposed to strong alkali. The tensile strength and modulus were found to be higher in comparison to plasticized PLA but the elongation at break was lower. SEM morphology show brittle fracture characteristics in the printed specimens. Overall, the 3D printed halochromic PLA specimens show promising results and have proven their functionality as pH sensors which offers wide applications in many industries such as medical, environmental and packaging.

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Van der Schueren, Lien, and Karen de Clerck. "Halochromic Textile Materials as Innovative pH-Sensors." Advances in Science and Technology 80 (September 2012): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.80.47.

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Recently, an increasing interest in pH-sensitive textiles is recognized. These chromic textiles can be used as flexible sensors for various applications. The aim of the current research is to develop textile pH-sensors through the application of pH-sensitive dyes on various textile materials using different techniques. The results of our study show that halochromic dyes can be incorporated into conventional textiles by a conventional dyeing technique. Also coating the fabrics with a sol-gel layer containing the halochromic dye proved to be successful. The majority of these developed materials showed a clearly visible color change with a pH-variation. The response of the sensors was dependent on the density of the fabric but was generally relatively fast, especially for the sol-gel treated fabrics. The halochromic coloration of nanofibres was realized by directly adding the dyes during the fiber formation, which was shown to be highly effective. Again, a clear halochromic shift was observed. The response of these sensors was fast thanks to the high porosity of nanofibrous non-wovens. Yet, it should be kept in mind that the halochromic behavior of the dyes in the textile matrix altered compared to their behavior in solution which is most likely attributed to dye-fiber interactions. Generally we can conclude that various coloration techniques showed to be effective for the development of innovative textile pH-sensors.

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4

Kusimo, Michael O., Henry Ukoha, Aderonke Oludare, Oluwatoyin Afolabi, and Matthew Agwae. "Halochromic properties and antimicrobial potential of crude extracts from five species of ornamental plants." UNED Research Journal 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v11i3.2586.

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Introduction: the colours of flowers are a result of secondary metabolites that have long been used in the medical and textile industries, and those that are halochromic are used in colour display because they change color according to pH changes, but many species are yet to be studied in detail. Objective: to explore the halochromic properties and the antimicrobial potentials of the crude extracts of several ornamental plants. Methods: we used aqueous and organic solvents to extract pigments from petals of five fascinating flowers planted around International Institute of Tropical Agriculture station, Cotonou, Benin: Allamanda blanchetii, Cascabela thevetia, Eichhornia crassipes, Ixora casei and Thunbergia erecta, followed by an investigation into their halochromic properties. Antibacterial potentials of the extracts were tested on important rice pathogens: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, and Pantoea agglomerans, which are gram-negative bacteria; and on Bacillus subtilis, a gram-positive bacterium. Results: The crude extracts of T. erecta and A. blanchetii have good halochromic properties within pH 2 – 12, exhibiting distinct colours. The chromophores of the C. thevetia, E. crassipes, and I. casei are not halochromic as the colours of the crude extracts remain the same at the pH range except pH 12 which is similar for the five extracts. Crude extracts of T. erecta inhibited growth of P. agglomerans without development of resistance, whereas the bacteria developed resistance against Penicillin after 18 hrs of incubation. T. erecta and A. blanchetii were able to inhibit growth of X. oryzae and both inhibited B. subtilis. Conclusion: Pigments from both T. erecta and A. blanchetii are good pH indicators; however, T. erecta is a better antibacterial agent than A. blanchetii because it has broad-spectrum activities against bacteria.

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5

Elveren, Beste, Silvo Hribernik, and Manja Kurečič. "Fabrication of Polysaccharide-Based Halochromic Nanofibers via Needle-Less Electrospinning and Their Characterization: A Study of the Leaching Effect." Polymers 14, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 4239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194239.

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Responsive materials, i.e., smart materials, have the ability to change their physical or chemical properties upon certain external signals. The development of nanofibrous halochromic materials, specifically combining the pH-sensitive functionality and unique nanofiber properties, could yield interesting new applications, especially when the common problem of dye leaching is successfully tackled. Therefore, in this article, we studied the fabrication process of polysaccharide-based halochromic nanofibrous materials by using a combination of various halochromic dyes (bromothymol blue, bromocresol green, and thymol blue) and cellulose acetate in a spinning solution using a one-pot strategy. The inhibition of leaching was addressed by using a complexing agent: poly-diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC). The preparation of hybrid spinning solutions, their characterization, and ability to form continuous nanofibers were studied using a high production needle-less electrospinning system. The produced hybrid solutions and nanofibers were characterized, in terms of their rheological properties, chemical structure, morphology, and functionality. Fabricated nanofibrous halochromic structures show a clear color change upon exposure to different pH values, as well as the reduced leaching of dyes, upon the addition of a complexing agent. The leaching decreased by 61% in the case of bromocresol green, while, in the case of bromothymol blue and thymol blue, the leaching was reduced by 95 and 99%, respectively.

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Trovato, Valentina, Alessio Mezzi, Marco Brucale, Hamed Abdeh, Dario Drommi, Giuseppe Rosace, and Maria Rosaria Plutino. "Sol-Gel Assisted Immobilization of Alizarin Red S on Polyester Fabrics for Developing Stimuli-Responsive Wearable Sensors." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 2788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142788.

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In the field of stimuli-responsive materials, introducing a pH-sensitive dyestuff onto textile fabrics is a promising approach for the development of wearable sensors. In this paper, the alizarin red S dyestuff bonded with a sol-gel precursor, namely trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane, was used to functionalize polyethylene terephthalate fabrics, a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyester largely used in the healthcare sector mainly due to its advantages, including mechanical strength, biocompatibility and resistance against abrasion and chemicals. The obtained hybrid halochromic silane-based coating on polyester fabrics was investigated with several chemical characterization techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy confirmed the immobilization of the dyestuff-based silane matrix onto polyethylene terephthalate samples through self-condensation of hydrolyzed silanols under the curing process. The reversibility and repeatability of pH-sensing properties of treated polyester fabrics in the pH range 2.0–8.0 were confirmed with diffuse reflectance and CIELAB color space characterizations. Polyester fabric functionalized with halochromic silane-based coating shows the durability of halochromic properties conversely to fabric treated with plain alizarin red S, thus highlighting the potentiality of the sol-gel approach in developing durable halochromic coating on synthetic substrates. The developed wearable pH-meter device could find applications as a non-invasive pH sensor for wellness and healthcare fields.

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7

Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Bárbara Vieira, Cátia Alves, Bárbara Silva, Eugénia Pinto, Fátima Cerqueira, Renata Silva, et al. "Halochromic Silk Fabric as a Reversible pH-Sensor Based on a Novel 2‑Aminoimidazole Azo Dye." Polymers 15, no. 7 (March 30, 2023): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15071730.

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Textiles are important components for the development of lightweight and flexible displays useful in smart materials. In particular, halochromic textiles are fibrous materials with a color-changing ability triggered by pH variations mainly based on pH-sensitive dye molecules. Recently, a novel class of 2-aminoimidazole azo dyes was developed with distinct substituent patterns. In this work, silk fabric was functionalized through exhaustion for the first time with one of these dyes (AzoIz.Pip). The halochromic properties of the dye were assessed in an aqueous solution and after silk functionalization. The solutions and the fabrics were thoroughly analyzed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra, color strength (K/S), color difference (∆E), CIE L*a*b* coordinates, and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The dyeing process was optimized, and the halochromic performance (and reversibility) was assessed in universal Britton–Robinson buffers (ranging from pH 3 to 12) and artificial body fluids (acid and alkaline perspiration, and wound exudate). AzoIz.Pip showed vibrant colors and attractive halochromic properties with a hypsochromic shift from blue (557 nm) to magenta (536 nm) in aqueous buffered solutions. Similarly, the functionalized silk showed a shift in wavelength of the maximum K/S value from 590 nm to 560 nm when pH increases. The silk fabric showed a high affinity to AzoIz.Pip, and promoted additional color stabilization of the dye, avoiding color loss as observed when the dye is in solution at alkaline pH after 24 h. The color reversibility was effective up to the fourth cycle and the fastness tests denoted suitable results, except washing fastness. The cytotoxicity of the silk fabric extracts was assessed, depicting reduced viability of HaCaT cells to <70% only when the dye concentration in the fabric is higher or equal to 64 μg·mL−1. Nevertheless, lower concentrations were also very effective for the halochromic performance in silk. These materials can thus be a helpful tool for developing sensors in several sectors such as biomedicine, packaging, filtration, agriculture, protective apparel, sports, camouflage, architecture, and design.

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8

Steyaert, Iline, Gertjan Vancoillie, Richard Hoogenboom, and Karen De Clerck. "Dye immobilization in halochromic nanofibers through blend electrospinning of a dye-containing copolymer and polyamide-6." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 14 (2015): 2685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00060b.

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9

Tatsumi, Yuto, Noriko Fujinaga, Megumi Kasuno, Masakazu Morimoto, Satoshi Yokojima, Shinichiro Nakamura, and Kingo Uchida. "A photo- and halochromic multicolor switching system consisting of diarylethene and malachite green moieties." New J. Chem. 38, no. 12 (2014): 5706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nj00434e.

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10

Rahman, Mustafijur, Mohammad Abbas Uddin, Md Moynul Hassan Shibly, Nusrat Binta Hossain, Mohammad Forhad Hossain, and Muriel Rigout. "Synthesis and Characterisation of Azo-Based Dichlorotriazine Reactive Dye with Halochromic Behaviour." TEKSTILEC 64, no. 3 (October 26, 2021): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2021.64.247-259.

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Halochromism or pH sensitivity has tremendous potential for applications in various textile fields, such as protective clothing, wound dressings, etc. Reactive dye is mostly used to colour cotton or other regenerated cellulose fibres due to its better fastness and wide range of hue, from vivid to dull shades. In this research work, an azo-based dichlorotriazine reactive dye was synthesised from H-acid (4-amino-5-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalen¬edisulfonic acid) and 4-nitroaniline, which incorporates a halochromic behaviour. The change of colour of this dye was evaluated both in the the solution stage and coloured fabric stage in various pH solutions. A visible change of colour with the alteration of pH was observed after dyeing textile fabric with the synthesised dye. However, a significant difference was observed in a few cases with regard to the change of colour with the alteration of pH in the solution stage and coloured fabric stage. The dyed fabric also displayed very good to excellent wash fastness properties. Generally, the reactive dye synthesised in this research demonstrated an obvious change of colour with the alteration of the pH level.

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11

Zhang, Yang, Jaume Garcia-Amorós, Burjor Captain, and Françisco M. Raymo. "A fluorescent and halochromic indolizine switch." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 14 (2016): 2744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc03331d.

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12

Ito, Suguru, Chika Nishimoto, and Sayaka Nagai. "Sequential halochromic/mechanochromic luminescence of pyridyl-substituted solid-state emissive dyes: thermally controlled stepwise recovery of the original emission color." CrystEngComm 21, no. 38 (2019): 5699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ce01037h.

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13

Abdelrahman, Meram S., Tawfik A. Khattab, and Samir Kamel. "Development of a novel colorimetric thermometer based on poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) with push–π–pull tricyanofuran hydrazone anion dye." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 12 (2021): 5382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj00221j.

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14

Alias, Siti Amirah, and Ku Marsilla Ku Ishak. "Reversible Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) Film for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Gas Sensor." Key Engineering Materials 907 (January 21, 2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.907.32.

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The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetic acid (CH3COOH), and ammonia (NH3) in indoor air is crucial due to human health safety. In this study, halochromic poly lactic acid (PLA) film sensor were prepared. PLA film were fabricated by addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and bromocresol purple (BCP) into PLA using solution casting method. Visual observation and mechanical properties of the film were determined as well as its spectral properties to assess the potential of halochromic film as gas sensor. The response of the PLA film to acidic and alkaline gas and its reversibility were tested. It was found that PEG increased the free volume of PLA and made it possible for the PEG and the dye to diffuse and entrap between PLA chains. However, increasing BCP did not have significant impact on the PLA film flexibility or reduced its halochromic sensitivity. The results revealed that the film showed significant effect on NH3 which the film change from yellow to purple within a second and could also change its color back to yellow in the absence of the VOC. This properties enables wide potential in various applications that requires high sensitivity, rapid response and continuous monitoring.

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15

Black, Hayden T., Ian Pelse, Rylan M. W. Wolfe, and John R. Reynolds. "Halochromism and protonation-induced assembly of a benzo[g]indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivative." Chemical Communications 52, no. 87 (2016): 12877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc06443d.

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16

Tang, Sicheng, Yang Zhang, Ek Raj Thapaliya, Adrienne S. Brown, James N. Wilson, and Françisco M. Raymo. "Highlighting Cancer Cells with Halochromic Switches." ACS Sensors 2, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6b00592.

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17

Trovato, Valentina, Silvia Sfameni, Giulia Rando, Giuseppe Rosace, Sebania Libertino, Ada Ferri, and Maria Rosaria Plutino. "A Review of Stimuli-Responsive Smart Materials for Wearable Technology in Healthcare: Retrospective, Perspective, and Prospective." Molecules 27, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 5709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175709.

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In recent years thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for the development of miniaturized and wearable sensors has skyrocketed. Among them, novel sensors for wearable medical devices are mostly needed. The aim of this review is to summarize the advancements in this field from current points of view, focusing on sensors embedded into textile fabrics. Indeed, they are portable, lightweight, and the best candidates for monitoring biometric parameters. The possibility of integrating chemical sensors into textiles has opened new markets in smart clothing. Many examples of these systems are represented by color-changing materials due to their capability of altering optical properties, including absorption, reflectance, and scattering, in response to different external stimuli (temperature, humidity, pH, or chemicals). With the goal of smart health monitoring, nanosized sol–gel precursors, bringing coupling agents into their chemical structure, were used to modify halochromic dyestuffs, both minimizing leaching from the treated surfaces and increasing photostability for the development of stimuli-responsive sensors. The literature about the sensing properties of functionalized halochromic azo dyestuffs applied to textile fabrics is reviewed to understand their potential for achieving remote monitoring of health parameters. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are discussed to envisage the developed strategies for the next generation of functionalized halochromic dyestuffs with biocompatible and real-time stimuli-responsive capabilities.

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18

Khattab, Tawfik A. "Novel solvatochromic and halochromic sulfahydrazone molecular switch." Journal of Molecular Structure 1169 (October 2018): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.05.048.

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19

Kim, Sung-Hoon, and Jin-Seok Bae. "Halochromic chemosensor prepared by pyran-based nanofibers." Fibers and Polymers 14, no. 12 (December 2013): 1981–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-013-1981-7.

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20

Jesus, Mathew Roshan, Raj Sarika, and Dhesingh Ravi Shankaran. "Curcumin Labeled PMMA Halochromic Smart Flexible Films." Materials Focus 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mat.2016.1299.

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21

Mínguez-García, David, Ignacio Montava, Marilés Bonet-Aracil, Jaime Gisbert-Payá, and Pablo Díaz-García. "PVA Nanofibers as an Insoluble pH Sensor." Polymers 15, no. 23 (November 21, 2023): 4480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15234480.

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Turmeric has been widely studied as a color indicator for pH variations due to its halochromic properties. It has been tested in solution or included in some polymeric matrices. Some studies have demonstrated that its change in color is due to the tautomeric species of curcumin, and this property can be observed even if turmeric is assimilated in a film or nanofiber. Chitosan/polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymers have been tested in previous studies. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers are used as potential carriers of drugs once they are insolubilized. The aim of this work is to cross-link PVA with citric acid (CA) to insolubilize the nanofibers and determine the effect on turmeric’s halochromic properties. The nanofibers were treated with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, and a chromatic study was undertaken to determine color change. The change in color was assessed by eye (subjective) and by spectroscopy (objective). The nanofibers were characterized, in addition to the colorimetric study, by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well. The results demonstrate how thermal treatment induces cross-linking between the nanofibers, allowing them to keep their shape once the NaOH solution is applied to them. The opposite effect (solubilization) can be observed for non-cross-linked (NCL) samples. Although the final color varied, the cross-linked (CL) nanofibers’ halochromic behavior was maintained. It was demonstrated that during cross-linking, ester groups are formed from the free carboxyl group in the cross-linked CA and the ketones present in the curcumin under acid conditions. So, CA acts as an acid catalyst to bond turmeric to the cross-linked PVA nanofibers.

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22

Hong, Taekuk, Yong Kyu Choi, Taekyung Lim, Keumyoung Seo, Sang‐Mi Jeong, and Sanghyun Ju. "Elastic Halochromic Fiber as a Reversible pH Sensor." Advanced Materials Technologies 6, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 2001058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.202001058.

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23

Maeda, Takeshi, and Frank Würthner. "Halochromic and hydrochromic squaric acid functionalized perylene bisimide." Chemical Communications 51, no. 36 (2015): 7661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc01691f.

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24

Pakolpakçıl, Ayben, Bilgen Osman, Elif Tümay Özer, Yasemin Şahan, Behçet Becerir, Gökhan Göktalay, and Esra Karaca. "Halochromic composite nanofibrous mat for wound healing monitoring." Materials Research Express 6, no. 12 (January 6, 2020): 1250c3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab5dc1.

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25

Leite, Liliana, Inês Boticas, Miguel Navarro, Luís Nobre, João Bessa, Fernando Cunha, Pedro Neves, and Raúl Fangueiro. "Halochromic Inks Applied on Cardboard for Food Spoilage Monitorization." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 6431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186431.

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Control of food spoilage is a critical concern in the current world scenario, not only to ensure the quality and safety of food but also to avoid the generation of food waste. This paper evaluates a dual-sensor strategy using six different pH indicators stamped on cardboard for the detection of spoilage in three different foods: beef, salmon, and strawberries. After function validation and formulation optimizations in the laboratory, the halochromic sensors methyl orange and bromocresol purple 2% (w/v) were stamped on cardboard and, in contact with the previously mentioned foods, were able to produce an easily perceptible signal for spoilage by changing color. Additionally, when it comes to mechanical characterization the inks showed high abrasion (>100 cycles) and adhesion resistance (>91%).

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26

Zhang, Lianhai, Zhiwei Li, Ruixiang Chang, Yu Chen, and Wenqin Zhang. "Synthesis and characterization of novel phenolphthalein immobilized halochromic fiber." Reactive and Functional Polymers 69, no. 4 (April 2009): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2009.01.001.

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27

Das, Rashmi J., and Kingsuk Mahata. "Synthesis, Photophysical, Electrochemical, and Halochromic Properties of peri-Naphthoindigo." Organic Letters 20, no. 16 (August 8, 2018): 5027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02178.

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28

de Almeidaa, Ricardo L., Marcos Caroli Rezendeb, and Eduardo Stadlera. "Halochromic Properties of cis-Ru(bpy)2Cl2 Inorganic Solvents." Spectroscopy Letters 32, no. 3 (May 1, 1999): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387019909350001.

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29

Xiao, Bo, Timothy L. Easun, Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy, Izabela Cebula, Peter H. Beton, Jeremy J. Titman, Hermenegildo Garcia, K. Mark Thomas, and Martin Schröder. "Porous macromolecular dihydropyridyl frameworks exhibiting catalytic and halochromic activity." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 46 (2014): 19889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta02521k.

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30

Jia Yam, Ng, Arjulizan Rusli, Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid, Muhammad Khalil Abdullah, and Ku Ishak Ku Marsilla. "Halochromic poly (lactic acid) film for acid base sensor." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 138, no. 13 (October 21, 2020): 50093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.50093.

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31

Lin, Mei-Jin, Benjamin Fimmel, Krzysztof Radacki, and Frank Würthner. "Halochromic Phenolate Perylene Bisimides with Unprecedented NIR Spectroscopic Properties." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 50, no. 46 (September 23, 2011): 10847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201105129.

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32

Zhang, Zhongbo, Wei Sun, Huanxiang Zhang, Xinxiong Li, Fei Yu, Jia Zhu, Xianggao Li, and Qichun Zhang. "Butterfly‐like Tetraazaacenequinodimethane Derivatives: Synthesis, Structure and Halochromic Properties." Chemistry – An Asian Journal 15, no. 14 (June 17, 2020): 2198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.202000587.

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33

Lin, Mei-Jin, Benjamin Fimmel, Krzysztof Radacki, and Frank Würthner. "Halochromic Phenolate Perylene Bisimides with Unprecedented NIR Spectroscopic Properties." Angewandte Chemie 123, no. 46 (September 23, 2011): 11039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201105129.

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Păușescu, Iulia, Izolda Kántor, György Babos, Zoltán May, Andrea Fodor-Kardos, Zsombor Miskolczy, László Biczók, Francisc Péter, Mihai Medeleanu, and Tivadar Feczkó. "Halochromic Behavior and Anticancer Effect of New Synthetic Anthocyanidins Complexed with β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 8103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158103.

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Anthocyanidins, the aglycons of anthocyanins, are known, beyond their function in plants, also as compounds with a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, including cytostatic effect against various cancer cells. The nature and position of the substituents in the flavylium cation is essential for such biological properties, as well as the equilibrium between the multistate of the different chemical species that are generated by the flavylium cation, including quinoidal base, hemiketal, and cis- and trans-chalcones. In this work, eight new flavylium derivatives were synthesized, characterized for confirmation of the structure by FT-IR and 2D-NMR, and investigated in vitro as possible cytostatic compounds against HCT116 and HepG2 cancer cells. The most active two compounds were explored for their halochromic properties that can influence the biological activity and subjected to molecular encapsulation in β-cyclodextrin derivatives in order to increase their solubility in water and bioavailability. The anticancer effect was influenced by the position (6-, 7-, or 8-) of the methoxy group in the β-ring of the methoxy-4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxyflavylium cation, while the study of the halochromic properties revealed the important role played by the chalcone species of the pH-dependent multistate in both the uncomplexed and inclusion complex forms of these anthocyanidins.

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Alias, Siti Amirah, Hayati Samsudin, Syazana Ahmad Zubir, and Ku Ishak Ku Marsilla. "Halochromic PLA / PEG as real‐time solution and vapor sensing." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 139, no. 20 (January 18, 2022): 52159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.52159.

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Zhigulin, G. Yu, G. S. Zabrodina, M. A. Katkova, and S. Yu Ketkov. "Polynuclear Glycinehydroximate Cu(II)–Gd(III) Metallamacrocyclic Complexes: Halochromic Properties." Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry 45, no. 5 (May 2019): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s107032841905004x.

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37

Noshirvani Sharifabad, Azita, and Seyed Hajir Bahrami. "Halochromic Chemosensor From Poly(acrylonitrile)/Phenolphthalein Nanofibers as pH Sensor." IEEE Sensors Journal 16, no. 4 (February 2016): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2015.2495338.

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Aghaei, Zahra, Behrouz Ghorani, Bahareh Emadzadeh, Rassoul Kadkhodaee, and Nick Tucker. "Protein-based halochromic electrospun nanosensor for monitoring trout fish freshness." Food Control 111 (May 2020): 107065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107065.

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Chung, Yong-Chan, In-Hong Jung, Jae Won Choi, and Byoung Chul Chun. "Characterization and proof testing of the halochromic shape memory polyurethane." Polymer Bulletin 71, no. 5 (March 1, 2014): 1153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-014-1116-3.

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40

Hou, Qiufei, Jiajie Wu, Jiemei Liang, Hongfu Liu, Yuqing He, Rui Zhang, Hua Cheng, Cheng Chen, and Dayong Peng. "Synthesis and Photoluminescence Behavior of π-Conjugated 3-Substituted Isoquinoline Derivatives." Current Organic Chemistry 24, no. 13 (October 1, 2020): 1517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824999200622112718.

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In this work, a series of π-conjugated isoquinoline derivatives, bearing diverse aryl groups at the 3-position, were synthesized in a facile and straightforward manner. A Pdcatalyzed protocol, the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of 3-bromoisoquinoline and different aryl boronic acids, was applied, and the structures of the resulting target compounds were determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. Furthermore, the photophysical properties of these compounds were investigated. Distinct halochromic properties were revealed for them, which exhibited UV emissions in ethanol but visible emissions in an acidic solution.

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Kert, Mateja, and Jasna Skoko. "Formation of pH-Responsive Cotton by the Adsorption of Methyl Orange Dye." Polymers 15, no. 7 (April 3, 2023): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15071783.

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The interest in pH-sensitive textile sensors is growing in the global market. Due to their low-cost production, mechanical stability, flexibility, air-permeability, washability, and reusability, they are more suitable than electronic sensor systems. The research tailored the pH-sensitive textile by applying the pH indicator methyl orange to the cotton fabric during conventional dyeing. Adsorption of methyl orange dye to cotton fabric is hindered due to electrostatic repulsive forces between dye anions and negatively charged cotton fibre. To overcome this problem, chemical modification of cotton fabric using a commercial product was performed. The pH sensitivity of the dyed fabric was spectrophotometrically evaluated. In addition, the colour fastness of dyed cotton fabric to washing, light, hot pressing and rubbing was investigated according to valid SIST EN ISO standards. The research results show that the pH-responsive cotton fabric was successfully developed. The chemical modification of cotton fabric is crucial for the increased adsorption of methyl orange dye. The halochromic effect was not only perceived spectrophotometrically but also with the naked eye. The developed halochromic cotton fabric showed poor colour fastness to light and good colour fastness to hot pressing and rubbing, while no significant improvement in colour fastness to washing was observed, even though the fabric was after-treated with a cationic fixing agent. Higher adsorption of the methyl orange dye to the cotton fabric during the dyeing process leads to less wastewater pollution after dyeing with unfixed dye and, thus, a reduction in wastewater treatment costs.

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Lee, Jeong Hui, Jeeyin Park, Jonguk Yang, Keun-Hyeok Yang, Sanghyun Ju, Taekyung Lim, and Sang-Mi Jeong. "Hydrophobic halochromic aerogel capable of reversibly measuring acidic and basic vapors." AIP Advances 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 115115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0067873.

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Wojciechowski, Krzysztof. "Halochromic effects of azophthalimide dyes and their prediction by PPP method." Dyes and Pigments 32, no. 4 (December 1996): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-7208(96)00029-0.

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Wang, Wei, Dan Feng, Yue Zhang, Ling Lin, and Haiyan Mao. "Development of azobenzene-functionalized eco-friendly waterborne polyurethane with halochromic property." Materials Letters 268 (June 2020): 127561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.127561.

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Khattab, Tawfik A., Moustafa M. G. Fouda, Mohamed Rehan, Mohammad K. Okla, Saudi A. Alamri, Ibrahim A. Alaraidh, Abdullah A. AL-ghamdi, Walid H. Soufan, Eslam M. Abdelsalam, and Ahmed A. Allam. "Novel halochromic cellulose nanowhiskers from rice straw: Visual detection of urea." Carbohydrate Polymers 231 (March 2020): 115740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115740.

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Barik, Satyananda, Thomas Bletzacker, and W. G. Skene. "π-Conjugated Fluorescent Azomethine Copolymers: Opto-Electronic, Halochromic, and Doping Properties." Macromolecules 45, no. 3 (January 24, 2012): 1165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma2024304.

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47

Huynh, Huy V., Xiaoming He, and Thomas Baumgartner. "Halochromic generation of white light emission using a single dithienophosphole luminophore." Chemical Communications 49, no. 43 (2013): 4899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc41510d.

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48

Salem, Tarek, Frank Simon, A. Atef El-Sayed, and M. Salama. "Plasma-assisted surface modification of polyester fabric for developing halochromic properties." Fibers and Polymers 18, no. 4 (April 2017): 731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6858-8.

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49

Reichardt, Christian, Gerhard Schäfer, and Piotr Milart. "Synthese und UV/VIS-spektroskopische eingenschaften solvatochromer and halochromer methansulfonyl-substituierter pyridinium-N-phenolat-betainfarbstoffe." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 1 (1990): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19900097.

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Synthese und UV/VIS-spektroskopische Eingenschaften der negativ solvatochromen, methansulfonyl-substituierten Betainfarbstoffe Ic-Ie werden beschrieben. Die lineare Korrelation zwischen den ET-Werten des wasserloslischen Betains Ic und den ET(30)-Werten des Standardbetains Ia erlaubt eine Erweiterung der empirischen ET(30)-Polaritatsskala auf wassrige Elektrolytlosungen. Die Betaine Ic-Ie weisen eine negative Halochromite (Halo-Solvatochromie) auf. Eine neue Definition der Halochromie (Halo-Solvatochromie) wird gegeben.

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Khezerlou, Arezou, Mahmood Alizadeh Sani, Milad Tavassoli, Reza Abedi-Firoozjah, Ali Ehsani, and David Julian McClements. "Halochromic (pH-Responsive) Indicators Based on Natural Anthocyanins for Monitoring Fish Freshness/Spoilage." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7040143.

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Today, smart indicators especially based on pigments and natural biopolymers have developed significantly in laboratory and industrial scale. In addition to tracking the freshness and spoilage of the product, these intelligent systems inform the consumer about the quality of the packaged product without opening the package. On the other hand, they reduce food waste and minimize food poisoning. In this study, two halochromic smart indicators were constructed by encapsulating saffron petal and barberry anthocyanins in gelatin/chitin nanofiber films for indication of the freshness/spoilage of fish fillets. Insights into the molecular, structural, and optical properties of these indicators were obtained using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, and colorimetry analyses. The results showed that the indicators had smooth surfaces and that the pigments were evenly distributed throughout the biopolymer network. The barberry and saffron anthocyanin solutions underwent color changes from reddish to yellow for barberry and reddish to pink to violet to greenish and yellow for saffron anthocyanin after being exposed to different pH values (1–14). The change in appearance of halochromic indicators was quantified by measuring their color coordinates (L*, a*, b*). When applied for estimating fish spoilage, the color of the G/ChNF/BA and G/ChNF/SPA indicators turned from pink to yellow and from violet to green, respectively. After 3 days of storage, the pH and total volatile basic nitrogen of fish fillets reached 8.0 and 49.06 mg N/100 g, respectively. Therefore, a direct relationship between the increase in pH values, the increase in volatile nitrogen bases content, and the changes in the color of the smart indicator applied to monitor the fish was observed. The simulation tests showed that pH-responsive smart indicators can reveal visually fish fillets freshness in real time prior to the point of consumption.

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