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1
Niikawa, Takuya. "Naïve Realism and the Conception of Hallucination as Non-Sensory Phenomena." Disputatio 9, no. 46 (November 27, 2017): 353–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/disp-2017-0010.
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Abstract In defence of naïve realism, Fish has advocated an eliminativist view of hallucination, according to which hallucinations lack visual phenomenology. Logue, and Dokic and Martin, respectively, have developed the eliminativist view in different manners. Logue claims that hallucination is a non-phenomenal, perceptual representational state. Dokic and Martin maintain that hallucinations consist in the confusion of monitoring mechanisms, which generates an affective feeling in the hallucinating subject. This paper aims to critically examine these views of hallucination. By doing so, I shall point out what theoretical requirements are imposed on naïve realists who characterize hallucinations as non-visual-sensory phenomena.
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Varese, F., E. Barkus, and R. P. Bentall. "Dissociation mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and hallucination-proneness." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 5 (September 6, 2011): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711001826.
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BackgroundIt has been proposed that the relationship between childhood trauma and hallucinations can be explained by dissociative processes. The present study examined whether the effect of childhood trauma on hallucination-proneness is mediated by dissociative tendencies. In addition, the influence of dissociative symptoms on a cognitive process believed to underlie hallucinatory experiences (i.e. reality discrimination; the capacity to discriminate between internal and external cognitive events) was also investigated.MethodPatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n=45) and healthy controls (with no history of hallucinations;n=20) completed questionnaire measures of hallucination-proneness, dissociative tendencies and childhood trauma, as well as performing an auditory signal detection task.ResultsCompared to both healthy and non-hallucinating clinical controls, hallucinating patients reported both significantly higher dissociative tendencies and childhood sexual abuse. Dissociation positively mediated the effect of childhood trauma on hallucination-proneness. This mediational role was particularly robust for sexual abuse over other types of trauma. Signal detection abnormalities were evident in hallucinating patients and patients with a history of hallucinations, but were not associated with pathological dissociative symptoms.ConclusionsThese results are consistent with dissociative accounts of the trauma-hallucinations link. Dissociation, however, does not affect reality discrimination. Future research should examine whether other cognitive processes associated with both dissociative states and hallucinations (e.g. deficits in cognitive inhibition) may explain the relationship between dissociation and hallucinatory experiences.
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Hoffman, Ralph E., Brian Pittman, R. Todd Constable, Zubin Bhagwagar, and Michelle Hampson. "Time course of regional brain activity accompanying auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 198, no. 4 (April 2011): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.086835.
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BackgroundThe pathophysiology of auditory verbal hallucinations remains poorly understood.AimsTo characterise the time course of regional brain activity leading to auditory verbal hallucinations.MethodDuring functional magnetic resonance imaging, 11 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder signalled auditory verbal hallucination events by pressing a button. To control for effects of motor behaviour, regional activity associated with hallucination events was scaled against corresponding activity arising from random button-presses produced by 10 patients who did not experience hallucinations.ResultsImmediately prior to the hallucinations, motor-adjusted activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus was significantly greater than corresponding activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus. In contrast, motor-adjusted activity in a right posterior temporal region overshadowed corresponding activity in the left homologous temporal region. Robustly elevated motor-adjusted activity in the left temporal region associated with auditory verbal hallucinations was also detected, but only subsequent to hallucination events. At the earliest time shift studied, the correlation between left inferior frontal gyrus and right temporal activity was significantly higher for the hallucination group compared with non-hallucinating patients.ConclusionsFindings suggest that heightened functional coupling between the left inferior frontal gyrus and right temporal regions leads to coactivation in these speech processing regions that is hallucinogenic. Delayed left temporal activation may reflect impaired corollary discharge contributing to source misattribution of resulting verbal images.
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Brébion, G., A. S. David, R. A. Bressan, R. I. Ohlsen, and L. S. Pilowsky. "Hallucinations and two types of free-recall intrusion in schizophrenia." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 6 (December 11, 2008): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708004819.
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BackgroundPrevious research has demonstrated that various types of verbal source memory error are associated with positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Notably, intrusions in free recall have been associated with hallucinations and delusions. We tested the hypothesis that extra-list intrusions, assumed to arise from poor monitoring of internally generated words, are associated with verbal hallucinations and that intra-list intrusions are associated with global hallucination scores.MethodA sample of 41 patients with schizophrenia was administered four lists of words, followed by free recall. The number of correctly recalled words and the number of extra- and intra-list intrusions were tallied.ResultsThe verbal hallucination score was significantly correlated with the number of extra-list intrusions, whereas it was unrelated to the number of correctly recalled words. The number of intra-list intrusions was significantly correlated with the global, but not with the verbal, hallucination score in the subsample of hallucinating patients. It was marginally significantly correlated with the delusion score in delusional patients.ConclusionsThe data corroborate the view that verbal hallucinations are linked to defective monitoring of internal speech, and that errors in context processing are involved in hallucinations and delusions.
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de Haan, S. "Philosophical Interpretations and Existential Effects of Hallucinations." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70386-4.
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Within philosophy, hallucinations have served as a paradigmatic test-case for epistemology in general and for theories of perception in particular. The differentiation of hallucinations from “real-life-perception” poses some interesting problems. Here, I will focus on two opposing views: first the view of hallucination as a failure of a metacognitive ability, and second a phenomenologically based view of hallucinations as a disturbance of experiential world-directedness.Our theoretical understanding of hallucinations however, should take the highly unsettling existential effects on the patients themselves into account as well. As one admits to have experienced a hallucination, this calls into question one's entire capability of perception in general. For how can one be sure not to be hallucinating again? The loss of a basic trust in one's own senses can be so stressful as to aggravate the existing symptoms. These existential effects show that perception cannot be taken as a singular faculty and strengthen the phenomenological approach to hallucinations.
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Schmack, K., M. Bosc, T. Ott, J. F. Sturgill, and A. Kepecs. "Striatal dopamine mediates hallucination-like perception in mice." Science 372, no. 6537 (April 1, 2021): eabf4740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf4740.
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Hallucinations, a central symptom of psychotic disorders, are attributed to excessive dopamine in the brain. However, the neural circuit mechanisms by which dopamine produces hallucinations remain elusive, largely because hallucinations have been challenging to study in model organisms. We developed a task to quantify hallucination-like perception in mice. Hallucination-like percepts, defined as high-confidence false detections, increased after hallucination-related manipulations in mice and correlated with self-reported hallucinations in humans. Hallucination-like percepts were preceded by elevated striatal dopamine levels, could be induced by optogenetic stimulation of mesostriatal dopamine neurons, and could be reversed by the antipsychotic drug haloperidol. These findings reveal a causal role for dopamine-dependent striatal circuits in hallucination-like perception and open new avenues to develop circuit-based treatments for psychotic disorders.
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Rogers, Sebastian, Rebecca Keogh, and Joel Pearson. "Hallucinations on demand: the utility of experimentally induced phenomena in hallucination research." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1817 (December 14, 2020): 20200233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0233.
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Despite the desire to delve deeper into hallucinations of all types, methodological obstacles have frustrated development of more rigorous quantitative experimental techniques, thereby hampering research progress. Here, we discuss these obstacles and, with reference to visual phenomena, argue that experimentally induced phenomena (e.g. hallucinations induced by flickering light and classical conditioning) can bring hallucinations within reach of more objective behavioural and neural measurement. Expanding the scope of hallucination research raises questions about which phenomena qualify as hallucinations, and how to identify phenomena suitable for use as laboratory models of hallucination. Due to the ambiguity inherent in current hallucination definitions, we suggest that the utility of phenomena for use as laboratory hallucination models should be represented on a continuous spectrum, where suitability varies with the degree to which external sensory information constrains conscious experience. We suggest that existing strategies that group pathological hallucinations into meaningful subtypes based on hallucination characteristics (including phenomenology, disorder and neural activity) can guide extrapolation from hallucination models to other hallucinatory phenomena. Using a spectrum of phenomena to guide scientific hallucination research should help unite the historically separate fields of psychophysics, cognitive neuroscience and clinical research to better understand and treat hallucinations, and inform models of consciousness. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation’.
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Kim, Jeonghee, Derrick Knox, and Hangue Park. "Forehead Tactile Hallucination Is Augmented by the Perceived Risk and Accompanies Increase of Forehead Tactile Sensitivity." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 8246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248246.
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Tactile hallucinations frequently occur after mental illnesses and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Despite their common occurrence, there are several complicating factors that make it difficult to elucidate the tactile hallucinations. The forehead tactile hallucination, evoked by the physical object approaching to the forehead, can be easily and consistently evoked in healthy-bodied subjects, and therefore it would help with investigating the mechanism of tactile hallucinations. In this pilot study, we investigated the principles of the forehead tactile hallucination with eight healthy subjects. We designed the experimental setup to test the effect of sharpness and speed of objects approaching towards the forehead on the forehead tactile hallucination, in both a physical and virtual experimental setting. The forehead tactile hallucination was successfully evoked by virtual object as well as physical object, approaching the forehead. The forehead tactile hallucination was increased by the increase of sharpness and speed of the approaching object. The forehead tactile hallucination also increased the tactile sensitivity on the forehead. The forehead tactile hallucination can be solely evoked by visual feedback and augmented by the increased perceived risk. The forehead tactile hallucination also increases tactile sensitivity. These experimental results may enhance the understanding of the foundational mechanisms of tactile hallucinations.
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Yang, Chunhui, Jasir T. Nayati, Khurram Janjua, Asma Ahmed, Angela Rekhi, and Alan R. Hirsch. "119 Refraction Focus Hallucination: The Role of Increased Excitation at Thalamus in Complex Visual Hallucination." CNS Spectrums 23, no. 1 (February 2018): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852918000172.
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AbstractStudy Objective(s)The pathogenesis of complex visual hallucination in patients without visual lesions, appearing with eyes open and resolving with eyes closed, has been described to be associated with increased excitation at the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and pulvinar of the thalamus (Winton-Brown, 2016). This reduces thefidelity of retinogeniculate transmissions and enhances aberrant projections to the visual cortex. Loss of the central sensory filtering function of the pulvinar increases “signal to noise ratio” in visual transmission. While visual hallucinations have been reported to disappear on eye closure (Manford, 1998), visual aberration with correction with refractionfollowed by focusing on actual visual images and visual hallucinations has not heretofore been reported. Such a case is presented.MethodCase study: This 28-year-old, myopic, right-handed man, at 5 years of age began hallucinating vivid images of people. The visual hallucinations were triggered only with his eye open. He was myopic and without visual correction, his visual sphere would be blurred. The visual hallucinations were also blurred without visual correction. With refraction, the hallucinations became clearly in focus. He would close his eyes and the visual hallucinations disappeared but would reappear in the same position upon opening his eyes. For over 20 years, he experienced about 100 hallucinations a day. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed continuous spikes and slow waves in bilateral temporal lobes, consistent with temporal lobe status epilepticus. After treatment with diphenylhydantoin the frequency and duration of the hallucinations markedly decreased to a second epoch every other day. However, the characteristic of the hallucinations remained the same (people).ResultsThis phenomenon may involve epilepsy induced excitation of the thalamus. This then acts to reduce the fidelity of retinogeniculate transmission and increase “signal to noise ratio” in visual transmission. This may contribute to complex visual hallucinations with eyes open. The hallucinated figures becoming clearer with eyeglasses provides support that this complex hallucination arises in the pathway from retina-LGN-cortex, not from stored visual associated cortex of top-down cortical release.ConclusionsGiven the above, those with visual hallucinations should be queried as to the influence of refraction on the clarity of hallucination.FundingNo funding.
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Kumari, Ranju, Suprakash Chaudhury, and Subodh Kumar. "Dimensions of Hallucinations and Delusions in Affective and Nonaffective Illnesses." ISRN Psychiatry 2013 (August 13, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/616304.
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The aim of the study was to examine the dimensions of hallucinations and delusions in affective (manic episode, bipolar affective disorder, and depressive episode) and nonaffective disorders (schizophrenia, acute and transient psychotic disorders, and unspecified psychosis). Sixty outpatients divided equally into two groups comprising affective and nonaffective disorders were taken up for evaluation after screening, as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Scores of 3 or above on delusion and hallucinatory behavior subscales of positive and negative syndrome scale were sufficient to warrant rating on the psychotic symptom rating scales with which auditory hallucination and delusion were assessed on various dimensions. Insight was assessed using the Beck cognitive insight scale (BCIS). There were no significant differences between the two groups on age, sex, marital status, education, and economic status. There were significant differences in total score and emotional characteristic subscale, cognitive interpretation subscale, and physical characteristic subscale of auditory hallucination scales in between the two groups. Correlation between BCIS-total and total auditory hallucinations score was negative (Spearman Rho −0.319; P<0.05). Hallucinating patients, more in nonaffective group, described a negative impact of hallucinating voices along with emotional consequences on their lives which lead to distress and disruption.
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Adhikari, Baikuntha Raj, S. Mishra, S. Nepal, and N. Sapkota. "Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder: Two years’ retrospective study." Health Renaissance 13, no. 1 (August 6, 2017): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v13i1.17947.
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Background: Psychosis in bipolar disorder is common but still not well understood. There is paucity of literature from our country and none from this institute which serves the eastern part of Nepal.Objective: To describe the hallucinations and delusions in bipolar disorders in our place.Methods: Patients-record files of bipolar disorders with psychosis discharged in two years’ time from 2012 to 2014 were analysed. Patients with unipolar depression, recurrent depressive disorder, serious organic illness, and primary substance use disorders were excluded. Information was collected in a structured performa. Association of delusion and hallucination was observed.Results: During the study period, ninety-five patients with bipolardisorder had psychosis. Hallucination was present in 29 (30.5%) cases, and out of these 23 (79.3%) were cases of mania. In 26 (89.7%) patients, the hallucinations were mood congruent. The median duration of appearance of hallucination was 10 days and appeared early in mania. Among hallucinations, auditory verbal hallucinations were present in all 29 patients. Delusions were present in 77 (81.1%) of patients, and grandiose delusions were the most common. Grandiose delusions tended to occur even in the absence of hallucinations. Conclusion: Psychosis is common in bipolar disorder. Grandiose delusions are the most common delusion and are relatively independent of hallucination. The auditory verbal hallucinations are the most common type of hallucination. Hallucinations in mania tend to manifest earlier than in bipolar depression and mixed episode, and most of the hallucinations in bipolar disorder are mood congruent. Health Renaissance 2015;13 (1): 49-57
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Yanti, Dian Anggri, Tati Murni Karokaro, Kuat Sitepu, Pitriani ., and Wina Novita Br Purba. "EFEKTIVITAS TERAPI MUSIK KLASIK TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT HALUSINASI PADA PASIEN HALUSINASI PENDENGARAN DI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA PROF. DR.M. ILDREM MEDAN TAHUN 2020." JURNAL KEPERAWATAN DAN FISIOTERAPI (JKF) 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jkf.v3i1.527.
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Increased illness causes problems in the health field one misbehaving in the from of auditory hallucinations. This can be overcome with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. Non pharmacological therapy which can be used in the form of classical music therapy. The purpose of this research is to find out the effectiveness of classical music therapy to decrease the level of hallucinations in patients with auditory hallucinations. Type of this research is quantitative research uses quasi-experimental design with design research pre and post test without control. Sampling techniques in this study using a sample with a population of 22 respondents at Mental Hospital Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Medan in 2020. The results of statistical analysis using the Paired t test indicates p value of 0,000 means that there is effectiveness in the administration of classical music therapy to decrease the level of hallucinations in patients with auditory hallucinations. The result is expected of music therapy to be one nursing intervention to decrease level hallucination with auditory of hallucination.
Keywords: Patients with hallucination, music therapy, level of auditory Hallucination.
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Brookwell, M. L., R. P. Bentall, and F. Varese. "Externalizing biases and hallucinations in source-monitoring, self-monitoring and signal detection studies: a meta-analytic review." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 12 (January 2, 2013): 2465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712002760.
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BackgroundCognitive models have postulated that auditory hallucinations arise from the misattribution of internally generated cognitive events to external sources. Several experimental paradigms have been developed to assess this externalizing bias in clinical and non-clinical hallucination-prone samples, including source-monitoring, verbal self-monitoring and auditory signal detection tasks. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize the wealth of empirical findings from these experimental studies.MethodA database search was carried out for reports between January 1985 and March 2012. Additional studies were retrieved by contacting authors and screening references of eligible reports. Studies were considered eligible if they compared either (i) hallucinating and non-hallucinating patients with comparable diagnoses, or (ii) non-clinical hallucination-prone and non-prone participants using source-monitoring, verbal self-monitoring or signal detection tasks, or used correlational analyses to estimate comparable effects.ResultsThe analysis included 15 clinical (240 hallucinating patients and 249 non-hallucinating patients) and nine non-clinical studies (171 hallucination-prone and 177 non-prone participants; 57 participants in a correlation study). Moderate-to-large summary effects were observed in both the clinical and analogue samples. Robust and significant effects were observed in source-monitoring and signal detection studies, but not in self-monitoring studies, possibly due to the small numbers of eligible studies in this subgroup. The use of emotionally valenced stimuli led to effects of similar magnitude to the use of neutral stimuli.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that externalizing biases are important cognitive underpinnings of hallucinatory experiences. Clinical interventions targeting these biases should be explored as possible treatments for clients with distressing voices.
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Hall, Julie M., Claire O’Callaghan, Alana J. Muller, Kaylena A. Ehgoetz Martens, Joseph R. Phillips, Ahmed A. Moustafa, Simon J. G. Lewis, and James M. Shine. "Changes in structural network topology correlate with severity of hallucinatory behavior in Parkinson’s disease." Network Neuroscience 3, no. 2 (January 2019): 521–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00078.
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Inefficient integration between bottom-up visual input and higher order visual processing regions is implicated in visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we investigated white matter contributions to this perceptual imbalance hypothesis. Twenty-nine PD patients were assessed for hallucinatory behavior. Hallucination severity was correlated to connectivity strength of the network using the network-based statistic approach. The results showed that hallucination severity was associated with reduced connectivity within a subnetwork that included the majority of the diverse club. This network showed overall greater between-module scores compared with nodes not associated with hallucination severity. Reduced between-module connectivity in the lateral occipital cortex, insula, and pars orbitalis and decreased within-module connectivity in the prefrontal, somatosensory, and primary visual cortices were associated with hallucination severity. Conversely, hallucination severity was associated with increased between- and within-module connectivity in the orbitofrontal and temporal cortex, as well as regions comprising the dorsal attentional and default mode network. These results suggest that hallucination severity is associated with marked alterations in structural network topology with changes in participation along the perceptual hierarchy. This may result in the inefficient transfer of information that gives rise to hallucinations in PD.
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Cleghorn, J. M., E. S. Garnett, C. Nahmias, G. M. Brown, R. D. Kaplan, H. Szechtman, B. Szechtman, S. Franco, S. W. Dermer, and P. Cook. "Regional Brain Metabolism During Auditory Hallucinations in Chronic Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 4 (October 1990): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.4.562.
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Regions of the brain involved in language and attention were studied using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose in PET. In nine chronic DSM–III schizophrenic patients who had persistent auditory hallucinations, ten who had recovered from hallucinations and ten normal controls. In none of the regions examined was metabolic activity significantly different in hallucinating patients compared with that in other groups. However, a pattern of seven significant correlations of metabolic activity between language regions and between frontal and parietal cortex characterised the hallucinating but not the other groups. Three of the seven correlations were significantly greater in hallucinating patients than in the two other groups, and six were greater in hallucinating patients than controls. Metabolism in Broca's region and its right-hemisphere homologue correlated positively and significantly in the hallucinating group, as it did in anterior cingulate and left superior temporal areas, and in right frontal and parietal areas. Hallucination ratings correlated with metabolism in the anterior cingulate region.
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Hardi, Aswin. "KAJIAN LITERATUR SISTEMIK : TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL DALAM MENILAI HALUSINASI." Coping: Community of Publishing in Nursing 9, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/coping.2021.v09.i06.p02.
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In serving patients, especially patients with psychotic disorders, nurses are faced with situations where patients experience hallucinations. Severe hallucinatory behavior is sometimes easily assessed, but the symptoms of hallucinations are vague and mild, sometimes escape observation. Digital technology developed both audio and visual as well as Virtual Reality can quickly assess the appearance of hallucinatory symptoms, monitor hallucinatory behavior, thereby preventing hallucinations from becoming severe and preventing recurrence. Finally, the patient can get past the hallucinations that appear, and it is easy for the family to seek medical care as soon as possible if they know the behavior of the patient who is experiencing hallucinations early. This literature review aims to describe the development of digital technology in the assessment of hallucinations. This study uses a literature review method. The databases used are ScienceDirect, Scopus, Spingerlink and Oxford Journals. Articles with several keywords, such as hallucinations assessment, hallucinations, hallucinations assessment digital technology. The use of digital technology in assessing hallucinations can improve the quality of care. Further development in digital technology is needed to assess hallucinatory symptoms.
Keywords : hallucination, “hallucination assessment”, “hallucination assessment digital technology”
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Wahyuni, Sri Eka, Mahnum Lailan Nst, and Wardiyah Daulay. "The Patient Experiences Hallucinations with Schizophrenia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T3 (June 10, 2021): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6350.
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BACKGROUND: Hallucination is the psychosis symptom which mostly experienced by patients with schizophrenia. It is also the experience of false perception undergone by patients without any stimulus from the environment. That experience of perception is real to the patients but not for others who do not have similar perception of experience with the patients.
AIM: This research is phenomenological and aims for describing experiences of patients with schizophrenia who had hallucination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research took 15 patients. In this research, approaches and trust-building were accomplished before conducting deep interview process. This research was conducted at Prof. Ildrem Asylum – Medan. The data analysis was Colaizzi’s method.
RESULT: This research resulted in six themes, namely hallucination content, predisposition factor that causes hallucination, patients’ subjective response when hallucinating, the distress facing by the patients with hallucination, actions taken when hallucinating and the obstacles experienced by the patients.
CONCLUSION: This research provides description to all medical officers to prioritize giving therapy in order to overcome patients’ hallucination.
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Villa, T. R., and L. M. Agessi. "Vestibular Migraine with Visual Aura and Olfactory Hallucination in Children: Two Case Reports." Neuropediatrics 49, no. 06 (October 10, 2018): 414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673642.
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Background Approximately 3.9% children with migraine have olfactory hallucination which was defined as a perception of a smell without the substantial existence of any physical odor. Case We described the first two cases of children with vestibular migraine, presenting visual aura and olfactory hallucination. We reported two children with vertigo, visual aura, and olfactory hallucination before the headache who were responsive to topiramate. Conclusion The clinical description of olfactory hallucination presented some characteristics of migraine aura. Olfactory hallucinations could be inserted as a migraine aura in International Classification of Headache Disorders.
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Nam, Eui-Cheol. "Is it necessary to differentiate tinnitus from auditory hallucination in schizophrenic patients?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 119, no. 5 (May 2005): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215053945796.
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Although the definitions of subjective tinnitus and auditory hallucination are very similar, the origins and underlying causes of each symptom clearly differ. This study examined whether the differentiation of tinnitus from auditory hallucination is necessary for the proper management of these symptoms in schizophrenic patients. We investigated the characteristics of auditory hallucinations in 15 schizophrenic patients, and measured their pure-tone hearing levels and auditory brainstem responses (ABR). The average hearing level was 20.6 ± 16.2 dB, with a mild decrease at high frequencies. We classified the patients into three groups: pure hallucination, tinnitus, and hallucination plus tinnitus. Eight patients (53.3 per cent) complained of pure-hallucination and only one of them had a mild hearing loss. Hearing deficits were observed in six of seven tinnitus patients. Abnormal findings of ABR were found only in the pure-hallucination group. The results suggest that tinnitus should be differentiated fromauditory hallucination in the evaluation of schizophrenic patients.
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Wahyuni, Sri Eka, Wardiyah Daulay, and Mahnum Lailan Nasution. "Hallucination Management Model for Schizophrenic Patients." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, T7 (April 7, 2022): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9453.
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INTRODUCTION: Hallucinations are a phenomenon that is mostly found in schizophrenic patients.
AIM: The study aim to identify the effect of the hallucination management model on the severity and distress of schizophrenic patients.
METHOD: The study used Quasi-experimental method with 98 respondents. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling. Data was collected between June and July 2016. All of the subjects completed a questionnaire Psychotic Syndrome Rating Scale (PSYRAT). The questionnaire had been tested validity and realibility with range of r count between 0.442-0.720 and Cronbach’s Alpha =0.891.
RESULT: The result of study showed that hallucination management model reduced severity of symptoms and distress (p-value 0.001, p<0.05). Hallucinations and distress of patients in the intervention group decreased significantly (p-value 0.00, p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: hallucination management model is very important to patients. It is necessary to hallucination management model implemented for schizophrenia.
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Bozkaya, Yakup, Gökmen Umut Erdem, and Nebi Serkan Demirci. "In case of anastrozole-related hallucinations, can switching to letrozole be a treatment option? A case report and literature review." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 25, no. 3 (March 14, 2018): 754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155218762626.
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Arthralgia, myalgia, paresthesia, reduced bone mineral density, vasomotor side effects including hot flashes and night sweats, genitourinary symptoms including decreased libido, vaginal dryness and dyspareunia are common side effects of aromatase inhibitors. Unlike the common side effects, the information on neurological side effects like hallucination of aromatase inhibitor was limited in literature cases. Herein, we reported a case of hallucination related to anastrozole in a patient with metastatic breast cancer. A 62-year-old female patient with breast cancer developed repetitive hallucinations on the following days of anastrozole initiation. There was no other significant finding in the differential diagnosis of hallucination. Neurological symptoms disappeared after termination of anastrozole. The patient had no neuropsychiatric complaints during letrozole treatment. We aimed to emphasize that neurological side effect like hallucination may rarely occur during the treatment of anastrozole and in case of aromatase inhibitor-related hallucinations, switching to another aromatase inhibitor (letrozole) can be a treatment option.
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Shergill, Sukhwinder S., Mick J. Brammer, Edson Amaro, Steve C. R. Williams, Robin M. Murray, and Phillip K. Mcguire. "Temporal course of auditory hallucinations." British Journal of Psychiatry 185, no. 6 (December 2004): 516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.6.516.
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SummaryWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how brain activity associated with auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia changed during hallucinatory events. Activation in the left inferior frontal and right middle temporal gyri was evident 6–9s before the person signalled the onset of the hallucination, whereas activation in the bilateral temporal gyri and the left insula coincided with the perception of the hallucination. This supports the hypothesis that during hallucinations activation in cortical regions mediating the generation of inner speech may precede the engagement of areas implicated in the perception of auditory verbal material.
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Martinelli, José Eduardo, Juliana Francisca Cecato, and Ivan Aprahamian. "Brazilian National Anthem presenting as musical hallucination: A case report with 9-year follow-up." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 10, no. 3 (September 2016): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-5764-2016dn1003013.
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ABSTRACT Musical hallucination is a type of complex auditory hallucination. Possible etiologies are deafness, psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depression, use of medication and stress, besides neurologic diseases including epilepsy, stroke and cancer. Uncommon etiologies encompass infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and sensory deprivation. Although musical hallucinations have a major impact on patients' lives, they have been undervalued and understudied in the literature. We report a case of a 79-year-old woman with musical hallucination (hearing a sung National anthem) without cognitive impairment or hearing loss. The patient had preserved insight of her complaint and responded well to neuroleptics.
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Ng, Petrus, Ricky W. K. Chun, and Angela Tsun. "Recovering from Hallucinations: A Qualitative Study of Coping with Voices Hearing of People with Schizophrenia in Hong Kong." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/232619.
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Auditory hallucination is a positive symptom of schizophrenia and has significant impacts on the lives of individuals. People with auditory hallucination require considerable assistance from mental health professionals. Apart from medications, they may apply different lay methods to cope with their voice hearing. Results from qualitative interviews showed that people with schizophrenia in the Chinese sociocultural context of Hong Kong were coping with auditory hallucination in different ways, including (a) changing social contacts, (b) manipulating the voices, and (c) changing perception and meaning towards the voices. Implications for recovery from psychiatric illness of individuals with auditory hallucinations are discussed.
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Rayner, Louise H., Kwang-Hyuk Lee, and Peter W. R. Woodruff. "Reduced attention-driven auditory sensitivity in hallucination-prone individuals." British Journal of Psychiatry 207, no. 5 (November 2015): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.149799.
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BackgroundEvidence suggests that auditory hallucinations may result from abnormally enhanced auditory sensitivity.AimsTo investigate whether there is an auditory processing bias in healthy individuals who are prone to experiencing auditory hallucinations.MethodTwo hundred healthy volunteers performed a temporal order judgement task in which they determined whether an auditory or a visual stimulus came first under conditions of directed attention (‘attend-auditory’ and ‘attend-visual’ conditions). The Launay–Slade Hallucination Scale was used to divide the sample into high and low hallucination-proneness groups.ResultsThe high hallucination-proneness group exhibited a reduced sensitivity to auditory stimuli under the attend-auditory condition. By contrast, attention-directed visual sensitivity did not differ significantly between groups.ConclusionsHealthy individuals prone to hallucinatory experiences may possess a bias in attention towards internal auditory stimuli at the expense of external sounds. Interventions involving the redistribution of attentional resources would have therapeutic benefit in patients experiencing auditory hallucinations.
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Nayani, Tony H., and Anthony S. David. "The auditory hallucination: a phenomenological survey." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 1 (January 1996): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170003381x.
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SynopsisA comprehensive semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 100 psychotic patients who had experienced auditory hallucinations. The aim was to extend the phenomenology of the hallucination into areas of both form and content and also to guide future theoretical development. All subjects heard ‘voices’ talking to or about them. The location of the voice, its characteristics and the nature of address were described. Precipitants and alleviating factors plus the effect of the hallucinations on the sufferer were identified. Other hallucinatory experiences, thought insertion and insight were examined for their inter-relationships. A pattern emerged of increasing complexity of the auditory–verbal hallucination over time by a process of accretion, with the addition of more voices and extended dialogues, and more intimacy between subject and voice. Such evolution seemed to relate to the lessening of distress and improved coping. These findings should inform both neurological and cognitive accounts of the pathogenesis of auditory hallucinations in psychotic disorders.
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Loo, C. K., K. Sainsbury, P. Mitchell, D. Hadzi-Pavlovic, and P. S. Sachdev. "A sham-controlled trial of left and right temporal rTMS for the treatment of auditory hallucinations." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 4 (August 6, 2009): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709990900.
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BackgroundSeveral studies have reported reduction of auditory hallucinations (AH) after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left temporal cortex. This study explored the effects of rTMS to the left and right temporal cortex.MethodEighteen subjects with schizophrenia and frequent AH were enrolled in a double-blind, cross-over trial of 3 days of active rTMS to the left or right temporal cortex, or sham rTMS to the vertex (control condition), followed by an open treatment phase. The effects on AH were assessed by a blinded rater, using the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS).ResultsDuring the double-blind phase, active temporal rTMS did not result in significantly greater improvement in hallucination scores than sham rTMS to the vertex, apart from a reduction in distress scores. Hallucination scores improved during the open continued treatment phase.ConclusionsThis study did not demonstrate an advantage for left temporal rTMS compared to right temporal and sham stimulation, over a 3-day stimulation period, but found modest improvement in hallucinations during continued open label treatment.
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Berry, Katherine, Paul Fleming, Samantha Wong, and Sandra Bucci. "Associations between Trauma, Dissociation, Adult Attachment and Proneness to Hallucinations." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 46, no. 3 (November 27, 2017): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465817000716.
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Background: Childhood adversity, dissociation and adult attachment have all been implicated in the development of hallucinations or ‘voice-hearing’. Testing psychological models in relation to subclinical phenomena, such as proneness to hallucinations in non-clinical samples, provides a convenient methodology to develop understanding of the processes and mechanisms underlying clinical symptoms. Aims: This paper investigates the relative contribution of childhood adversity, dissociation and adult attachment in explaining hallucination proneness in a non-clinical sample. Methods: Students and staff with no previous contact with secondary care at the University of Manchester were recruited. Participants completed a series of self-report measures: the Launay‒Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS), the Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Dissociative Experiences Schedule (DES II) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results: As hypothesized, insecure attachment, childhood adversity and dissociative symptoms were correlated with hallucination proneness. Multiple regression analysis, controlling for confounds of age and negative affect, indicated that the RSQ, CTQ and DES II predicted hallucination proneness. Only DES II and RSQ avoidant attachment were significant independent predictors in the final model. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence to support the idea that attachment and dissociation are important psychological mechanisms involved in voice-hearing proneness. Further testing is required with a clinical population.
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Oladiran, Oreoluwa, Ifeanyi Nwosu, Steve Obanor, Chinyere Ogbonna-Nwosu, and Brian Le. "Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Presenting with Musical Hallucination." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2018 (November 11, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6428492.
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Musical hallucinations are a relatively rare form of auditory hallucination characterized by hearing of music in the absence of any external stimuli. This phenomenon has been linked to both psychiatric and structural lesions. We present the case of a previously healthy young male whose presentation with musical hallucinations led to the diagnosis of a rare tumour, anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.
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Kellehear, Allan. "Unusual perceptions at the end of life: limitations to the diagnosis of hallucinations in palliative medicine." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 7, no. 3 (January 31, 2016): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-001083.
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The diagnosis of hallucination for unusual perceptions such as deathbed visions, near-death experiences, or visions of the bereaved, is unhelpful in palliative medicine both academically and clinically. This paper reviews the broad prevalence data about unusual perceptions in the general population as background to identifying the more narrow epidemiological source from which the much smaller focus on hallucinations seem to emerge. Major debates and limitations of current hallucination research are reviewed to show that current academic and clinical certainties are largely confined to unusual perceptions that can be readily linked to psychopathology, quite specific organic disease states and psychoactive drug use. Current state-of-the-art in hallucination studies does not warrant broad or uncritical use of this type of diagnosis in end-of-life care. Conclusions from interdisciplinary (as opposed to single discipline) hallucination studies suggest that the way forward for clinical and research work in palliative medicine may lie in a more biographical and cultural approach to unusual perceptions at the end of life.
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Perlini, Arthur H., Audrey L. Lorimer, Kenneth B. Campbell, and Nicholas P. Spanos. "An Electrophysiological and Psychophysical Analysis of Hypnotic Visual Hallucinations." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 12, no. 3 (March 1993): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/nfuw-tegw-9lg5-6l2t.
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We examined the physiological and behavioral concomitants of high hypnotizable subjects reporting the capacity to hypnotically hallucinate. Subjects were required to perform a lexical decision task under baseline and four hypnotic hallucination conditions: obstructive, transparent, negative, and semantic. Analyses were conducted on various evoked potential components and psychophysical indices (RTs, sensitivity, response bias). Overall, hypnotic hallucinations did not alter VEPs over baseline; however, more liberal analyses indicated that the obstructive hallucination produced suppressions in the VEPs at P1 (left occipital), P2 (midline parietal) and P3 (midline parietal) compared to baseline. P1 latencies were also larger in the obstructive condition. Lexical decisions took longer in the hallucination conditions, and both sensitivity and response bias were reduced in these conditions. The relationship of these indices to attention are discussed.
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Demeulemeester, Morgane, Fréderic Kochman, Benjamin Fligans, Ahmed J. Tabet, Pierre Thomas, and Renaud Jardri. "Assessing early-onset hallucinations in the touch-screen generation." British Journal of Psychiatry 206, no. 3 (March 2015): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.154153.
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SummaryThe increasing development of apps for digital devices provides an opportunity for new instruments to assess hallucinations in young individuals. Here we present the Multisensory HAllucinations Scale for Children (MHASC), dedicated to assessing complex early-onset hallucinations. The MHASC will soon be translated into multilanguage versions with the support of the International Consortium of Hallucination Research.
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Kumar, Devvarta, and Ganesan Venkatasubramanian. "Metacognition and Mindfulness Integrated Therapy Reduces Severity of Hallucination in a Patient Not Taking Antipsychotic Medication." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 32, no. 3 (August 2018): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.32.3.192.
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Psychological interventions have proven efficacy in treating psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. However, the efficacy of these interventions has primarily been evaluated in the context of their use as an adjunct to antipsychotics or on patients who do not respond to adequate trials of antipsychotics. There is paucity of research about the effectiveness of psychological interventions in patients who do not take antipsychotics either because they are not willing to take medications or are not able to tolerate antipsychotics due to the side effects. We report here the case of a patient who had distressing auditory hallucinations and was not able to take antipsychotic medications because of severe reactions. She responded to metacognition and mindfulness integrated therapy for auditory hallucination. A total of eight sessions of therapy with the major focus on enhancement of metacognitive insight into the mechanisms of genesis and maintenance of hallucinations followed by encouraging the patient to use mindfulness-based strategies and regular self-monitoring of hallucinatory experiences were conducted. The patient was assessed pre–post intervention on the auditory hallucination subscale of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS). There was significant improvement as reflected by more than 50% reduction in the PSYRATS score. This case highlights that metacognition and mindfulness integrated therapy has the potential to help patients with hallucination who do not take antipsychotic medications. The insight building helps in developing a detached approach towards hallucinatory experiences which, in turn, reduces distress caused by the hallucinations.
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Toh, Wei Lin, Neil Thomas, and Susan L. Rossell. "Comparing Primary Voice-Hearers with and without Hallucinations in Other Sensory Modalities." Psychopathology 54, no. 4 (2021): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000517455.
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There has been burgeoning interest in studying hallucinations in psychosis occurring across multiple sensory modalities. The current study aimed to characterize the auditory hallucination and delusion profiles in patients with auditory hallucinations only versus those with multisensory hallucinations. Participants with psychosis were partitioned into groups with voices only (AVH; <i>n</i> = 50) versus voices plus hallucinations in at least one other sensory modality (AVH+; <i>n</i> = 50), based on their responses on the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Basic demographic and clinical information was collected, and the Questionnaire for Psychotic Experiences (QPE) was used to assess psychosis phenomenology. Relative to the AVH group, greater compliance to perceived commands, auditory illusions, and sensed presences was significantly elevated in the AVH+ group. The latter group also had greater levels of delusion-related distress and functional impairment and was more likely to endorse delusions of reference and misidentification. This preliminary study uncovered important phenomenological differences in those with multisensory hallucinations. Future hallucination research extending beyond the auditory modality is needed.
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Dwiranto, Uyun, Nunung Rachmawati, and Sutedjo. "Study of Perceptual Sensory Disorders : A Case Study of Schizoaffective Patient." Health Media 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55756/hm.v2i2.61.
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There are 2% to 9% general populations in the United States of America hospitalized due to schizoaffective disorders. Hallucination is a schizoaffective symptom. Based on the Grhasia Yogyakarta mental hospital file in the last 3 years there were 2723 (19,7 %) patients who experienced sensory perception disorders: hallucinations/illusion. Patients with hallucinations if left untreated can injure themselves and others, ineffective individual handling, interpersonal disorder withdraws, self-care disorder. This documentation study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics and implementation of nursing care in patients with auditory hallucination. This documentation study uses a descriptive qualitative methode that describes a case by utilizing a nursing case report in 2017. The results showed that the patient often listened to voices, talked to himself, and suddenly laughed. The problem of sensory perception was impaired. The auditory hallucinations were partially resolved. The description of sensory perception disorder was obtained after observation.
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Joshi, Sulochana, Binita Thapa, and Rabi Shakya. "Autoscopic Hallucination in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome: A Rare or Missed Phenomenon?" Case Reports in Psychiatry 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2598973.
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Autoscopic phenomenon, a psychic illusionary duplication of one’s own self, has been the subject of interest in the literature and science for years. It has been reported in various diseases of the central nervous system but with an unknown mechanism. Hallucinations are a common presentation in alcohol dependence syndrome during delirium tremens and as induced disorder. However, autoscopic hallucination has been rarely reported in the cases of alcohol dependence. We present a case of a 40-year-old man who experienced autoscopic hallucination during the withdrawal state of alcohol. He was successfully treated with detoxification and an antipsychotic medication and was doing well. The case highlights the need for strong suspicion and exploration of the autoscopic hallucination and autoscopic phenomenon in general in cases of alcohol dependence syndrome.
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Lung, F. W., B. C. Shu, and P. F. Chen. "Personality and emotional response in schizophrenics with persistent auditory hallucination." European Psychiatry 24, no. 7 (October 2009): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.05.006.
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AbstractPersonality has been proposed as having a possible effect on the reaction that patients have toward auditory hallucination. However, this factor has not been studied previously. Thus, this study investigated the relationship among demographics, personality, cognition and emotional response in schizophrenics with persistent auditory hallucination. One-hundred and fourteen subjects with persistent auditory hallucination completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the revised Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire and the Chinese-version Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Structural equation model showed that personality had an effect on beliefs about the hallucination (malevolent or benevolent), which then affected the reaction of patients toward these voices (engages or resists). Their reaction will further affect the anxious or depressed state of the patients. When these hallucinations were categorized into the three levels of omnipotence, beliefs and reactions, the model was more significant than that of one-level model. Persistent auditory hallucination only accounted for a portion of the emotional distress when malevolent or benevolent voices were perceived, and personality characteristics accounted for the remaining emotional distress in schizophrenics. This model helped us understand the relationship between personality, cognition and affective symptoms, such that, when therapists decide what “trait” to change, they can determine at which point to intervene.
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Joshi, Sulochana, and Rabi Shakya. "Electroconvulsive Therapy in Functional Hallucination: Scope and Challenges." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9421973.
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Functional hallucinations are hallucinations triggered by a stimulus in the same modality and cooccur with it. They are rare in occurrence; however, their rarity has no significance as psychopathology till date. Also, very little is known about the treatment of such hallucinations. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been tested for several psychiatric illnesses and has a few relative contraindications; however, it has not previously been used in treating functional hallucinations. We report on a female patient with paranoid schizophrenia who experienced functional hallucinations continuously despite the use of adequate risperidone, which controlled other symptoms. She was treated with ECT which resolved the functional hallucinations. The case highlights the need to ponder on the significance of the phenomenon as well as treatment of this psychopathology by ECT. It also underscores ECT as a treatment option for this kind of hallucination.
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Lai, Stephanie, Vicki Bruce, and Daniel Collerton. "Visual Hallucinations in Older People: Appraisals but not Content or Phenomenology Influence Distress." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 44, no. 6 (November 4, 2015): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465815000727.
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Background: A previous study (Gauntlett-Gilbert and Kuipers, 2005) has suggested that distress associated with complex visual hallucinations (CVHs) in younger adults with psychosis may more strongly relate to appraisals of meaning than to the content of the hallucination. However, visual hallucinations are most commonly seen in the disorders of later life, where this relationship has not been investigated. Aim: To establish if there is a relationship between appraisals of CVHs and distress in older, non-psychotic people with CVHs. Method: All variables were measured using a semi-structured interview and were compared between a high distress group (n = 16) and a low distress group (n = 19). Results: The high distress group rated their hallucinations as more malevolent and omnipotent, with greater negative implications for physical and mental health. There was no significant difference between groups on ratings of hallucination content (independently rated), frequency, awareness or control. Conclusion: Appraisals of CVHs are linked to distress.
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Prity, Densa Anggiviani, Tri Prabowo, and Sarka Ade Susana. "GAMBARAN PERILAKU KELUARGA DALAM MANAJEMEN HALUSINASI PADA ANGGOTA KELUARGA DENGAN SKIZOFRENIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS IMOGIRI II." Caring : Jurnal Keperawatan 6, no. 2 (September 30, 2017): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/caring.v6i2.349.
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Schizophrenia is a disorder that occurs in the human brain that causes a very dramatic behavior change. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are hallucinations. Based on a report from Imogiri II Public Health Center in 2016 there were 218 people with mental disorders in which 70% experienced hallucinations. Family is the closest person and has an active role in providing direct care to people with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study is to know the description of family behavior in hallucination management in family members with schizophrenia in the working area of Imogiri II Community Health Center. This research uses descriptive research type as a research design. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling with 78 respondents. The research instrument used is a questionnaire. The result of the research showed that 78 respondents in the range of age 41-60 years old (51.28%), the last educated is elementary (46.15%), most of the respondent is jobless (51.28%), respondent is parent of schizophrenia family (29.49%), and had take care for more than of 10 years (33.33%), respondents knowledge level mostly good (57.69%) and respondent attitude mostly positive (58.97% ). The description of behavior in hallucination management in family members with schizophrenia is in good category (57.69%). The results of this study recommend the need for motivation and support from health services to maintain good family behavior in hallucination management so that there is no risk of violent behavior and recurrence in schizophrenic patients with hallucinations.
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Zanghellini Rückl, S. C., A. Senft, N. C. Senger, L. Bücher, M. Backenstraß, and K. T. Kronmüller. "Delusion and hallucinations - an empirical correlation analysis." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72923-6.
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IntroductionDelusion and hallucinations occur in a variety of psychiatric disorders. In the last years they have been considered multidimensional phenomena, since emotional, cognitive and action-oriented aspects were recognized. According to the cognitive model of the development of positive symptoms, emotional processes play an important role for the relationship between delusion and hallucinations. Although delusion and hallucinations often coexist, there are few empirical studies, which explore this relationship.ObjectivesAim of the study is to elucidate the relationship between delusion and hallucinations taking into consideration their multidimensionality.MethodsEighty-two patients with delusion and hallucinations with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder were examined. Several instruments to the exploration of delusion and hallucinations were used as the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales (PSYRATS), MacArthur-Maudsley Delusions Asessment Scchedule (MMDAS), Dimensions of Delusional Experience (DDE), Positive and Negative Syndrom Scale (PANSS), Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS), Clinical Delusion Rating Scale (CDRS) and the Heidelberger Delusion Profile (HDP). The correlations between formal hallucination and delusion criteria, as well as formal hallucination criteria and delusion content were calculated. The causal relationship between delusion and hallucinations was tested through a structural equation modelling.ResultsCorrelations between delusion and hallucinations dimensions could be found, at item, subscale and scale levels. Emotional and cognitive delusion dimensions correlated significantly with hallucinations magnitude. The delusion content showed a significant influence on the occurrence and emotional dimension of hallucinations. Delusion secondary to hallucinations could only be partially confirmed.ConclusionsThe results confirm the complex structure of the relationship between delusion and hallucinations.
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Ferner, R. "Hallucination." BMJ 347, jul17 1 (July 17, 2013): f4570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f4570.
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Barkus, Emma, John Stirling, Richard Hopkins, Shane McKie, and Shôn Lewis. "Cognitive and neural processes in non-clinical auditory hallucinations." British Journal of Psychiatry 191, S51 (December 2007): s76—s81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s76.
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BackgroundThe nosological status of auditory hallucinations in non-clinical samples is unclearAimsTo investigate the functional neural basis of non-clinical hallucinationsMethodAfter selection from 1206 people, 68 participants of high, medium and low hallucination proneness completed a task designed to elicit verbal hallucinatory phenomena under conditions of stimulus degradation. Eight subjects who reported hearing a voice when none was present repeated the task during functional imagingResultsDuring the signal detection task, the high hallucination-prone participants reported a voice to be present when it was not (false alarms) significantly more often than the average or low participants (P<0.03, d.f. =2). On functional magnetic resonance imaging, patterns of activation during these false alarms showed activation in the superior and middle temporal cortex (P<0.001)ConclusionsAuditory hallucinatory experiences reported in non-clinical samples appear to be mediated by similar patterns of cerebral activation as found during hallucinations in schizophrenia
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Franken, Dirk. "The Argument from Pain: A New Argument for Indirect Realism." Grazer Philosophische Studien 93, no. 1 (March 11, 2016): 106–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-09301006.
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The author puts forward and defends a new argument for indirect realism called the argument from pain. The argument is akin to a well-known traditional argument to the same end, the argument from hallucination. Like the latter, it contains one premise stating an analogy between veridical perceptions and certain other states and one premise stating that those states are states of acquaintance with sense-data. The crucial difference is that the states that are said to be analogous to veridical perceptions are pain-states instead of hallucinations. This difference makes the argument from pain immune to the standard objections against the argument from hallucination.
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Gottesmann, Claude. "Paradoxical sleep and schizophrenia have the same neurobiological support." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 6 (December 2004): 794–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04290185.
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During the paradoxical dreaming sleep stage, characterized by hallucinations and delusions, as in schizophrenia, the increased subcortical release of dopamine, the presynaptic inhibition of thalamic relay nuclei, and serotonergic disinhibition are in accordance with the model for the mechanism of hallucination-induction.
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Aleman, André, Edward H. F. de Haan, and René S. Kahn. "Underconstrained perception or underconstrained theory?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 6 (December 2004): 787–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04220180.
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Although the evidence remains tentative at best, the conception of hallucinations in schizophrenia as being underconstrained perception resulting from intrinsic thalamocortical resonance in sensory areas might complement current models of hallucination. However, in itself, the approach falls short of comprehensively explaining the neurogenesis of hallucinations in schizophrenia, as it neglects the role of external attributional biases, mental imagery, and a disconnection between frontal and temporal areas.
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Vetik, Sandra, Kadi Tulver, Diana Lints, and Talis Bachmann. "Among the Two Kinds of Metacognitive Evaluation, Only One Is Predictive of Illusory Object Perception." Perception 49, no. 10 (September 9, 2020): 1043–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006620954322.
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The relationship between expectation-induced hallucination proneness and self-confidence in performance was studied in a visual perception task. Participants were prompted either to recognize briefly shown faces as male or female or to rate the subjective vividness of a square surrounding the face. Importantly, in a few critical trials, the square was absent. Upon completion, participants rated their performance in the face recognition task; they were also asked whether they were sure that their estimation was correct. Out of 35 participants, 33 “hallucinated” on at least one trial, rating the square as visible when it was actually absent. Negative correlation between hallucination proneness and self-confidence in performance (metacognitive rating) was found: The more hallucinations a participant experienced, the less confident he/she was in his/her performance in the face recognition task. Most subjects underestimated their performance; higher ratings were also more accurate. Thus, higher hallucination proneness was associated with more inaccurate ratings of one’s own perception. However, confidence in self-ratings as measured by the second follow-up question was unrelated to both, hallucination proneness and self-confidence in performance, supporting the view that there is no unitary mechanism of metacognitive evaluations and extending this view to the domain of visual hallucinatory perception.
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Brébion, G., R. I. Ohlsen, R. A. Bressan, and A. S. David. "Source memory errors in schizophrenia, hallucinations and negative symptoms: a synthesis of research findings." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 12 (April 27, 2012): 2543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171200075x.
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BackgroundPrevious research has shown associations between source memory errors and hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. We bring together here findings from a broad memory investigation to specify better the type of source memory failure that is associated with auditory and visual hallucinations.MethodForty-one patients with schizophrenia and 43 healthy participants underwent a memory task involving recall and recognition of lists of words, recognition of pictures, memory for temporal and spatial context of presentation of the stimuli, and remembering whether target items were presented as words or pictures.ResultsFalse recognition of words and pictures was associated with hallucination scores. The extra-list intrusions in free recall were associated with verbal hallucinations whereas the intra-list intrusions were associated with a global hallucination score. Errors in discriminating the temporal context of word presentation and the spatial context of picture presentation were associated with auditory hallucinations. The tendency to remember verbal labels of items as pictures of these items was associated with visual hallucinations. Several memory errors were also inversely associated with affective flattening and anhedonia.ConclusionsVerbal and visual hallucinations are associated with confusion between internal verbal thoughts or internal visual images and perception. In addition, auditory hallucinations are associated with failure to process or remember the context of presentation of the events. Certain negative symptoms have an opposite effect on memory errors.
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Ffytche, Dominic. "6 Perceptual pathology at the margins of hallucination." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 8 (July 20, 2020): e3.1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-bnpa.6.
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Dr Ffytche is Reader in Visual Psychiatry at King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience and Consultant Old Age Psychiatrist at the Maudsley Hospital where he runs a national specialist clinic for visual hallucinations and related symptoms. He has published extensively on clinical and neuroscientific aspects of visual hallucinations and is an international expert on Charles Bonnet Syndrome.Hallucinations - particularly those in the visual modality - are emerging as important symptoms in degenerative brain and eye disease because of their prevalence, clinical impact and implications for future cognitive trajectory. Yet hallucinations are only one of several visual perceptual pathologies that occur in these conditions and the question arises whether experiences traditionally considered distinct from hallucinations - illusions, misperceptions, pareidolias and metamorphopsias, for example - share the pathophysiological mechanism and prognostic implications of hallucinations. Using evidence from Parkinson’s disease, Charles Bonnet Syndrome and different dementias, I will argue that perceptual experiences at the margins of hallucination reflect a range of pathological mechanisms, some shared with hallucinations others not. The findings suggest that closer clinical attention to the phenomenological detail of visual perceptual pathology is required to better predict future outcome and inform treatment decisions.
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Lestari, Retno, and Ahsan Ahsan. "EFFECT OF SOCIO-ART WORKING GROUP THERAPY IN REDUCING THE SYMPTOMS OF HALLUCINATIONS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER." Public Health of Indonesia 3, no. 3 (September 19, 2017): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36685/phi.v3i3.128.
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Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic illness with considerable impact on individuals and their families. One of the symptoms of schizophrenia is hallucination. The treatment goals are reducing the symptoms and maintaining the recovery from the effects of illness.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of socialization and art-working group therapy in reducing the symptoms of hallucinations.Methods: This study used a pre-experimental design with one-group pretest-posttest involved 60 patients aged between 12 and 55 years diagnosed with schizophrenia in the Community-Integrated Health Care in East Java. The Symptoms of Hallucinations Checklist was used to assess the hallucination symptoms. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results: Findings showed that there was a statistically significance difference between pretest and posttest score after the socialization and art-working group therapy with p-value 0.000 (p0.05).Conclusion: Socialization and art-working group therapy had a significant effect in reducing the symptoms of hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia.