Academic literature on the topic 'Haitian law'
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Journal articles on the topic "Haitian law":
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Gaffield, Julia. "The Racialization of International Law after the Haitian Revolution: The Holy See and National Sovereignty." American Historical Review 125, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 841–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhz1226.
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Abstract The Haitian state shaped international definitions of sovereignty and national legitimacy after the Declaration of Independence in 1804. Haiti’s nineteenth century was not a period of isolation and decline; its first six decades were globally connected because the country’s leaders challenged their postcolonial inequality with diplomacy and state formation. This strategy aimed to establish Haiti’s membership in the “family of nations,” a central metaphor in European and American diplomatic, legal, and religious decision-making. In doing so, the Haitian state forced the Atlantic powers to redefine the boundaries of international relations. Haiti’s decades-long negotiations with the Catholic Church were tied to the racialization of the global hierarchy. After its Declaration of Independence, the Haitian state began clearing a theoretical path toward recognized sovereignty based on the dominant narrative that a society must be considered “civilized” on the world stage. But, as it cultivated internal policies and practices that rejected the dominant racist assumptions, these discriminatory ideologies became increasingly more explicit in international law.
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Keane-Dawes, Antony Wayne. "Remaking the Catholic Church in Santo Domingo." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 94, no. 3-4 (November 25, 2020): 245–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-bja10011.
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Abstract In 1824, the Haitian government passed a series of laws that secularized the Catholic Church’s lands in Santo Domingo and placed this religious institution under state control. Using correspondences, pamphlets, and petitions, this article argues that Haitian reforms of the Church in Santo Domingo created a new power dynamic that incorporated local communities with these secular and religious institutions. In doing so, this literature brings together two literatures that rarely speak to one another: the impact of the Haitian Unification on the Church in Santo Domingo and Haitian diplomatic negotiations over sovereignty in the Atlantic world. This article will discuss how different relationships between Church and state in Santo Domingo and Haiti resulted in conflict after Haiti’s annexation in 1822. Next, it will focus on the clerics’ responses to Haitian rule that includes the consequences of the 1824 secularization law. Finally, it will examine the impact of Haitian reforms on local communities particularly their relationships with their priests.
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Exime, Ethol, Nelza Mara Pallú, Alvori Ahlert, and Wilson João Zonin. "Cooperation and Collective Action as Strategies for The Development of Haitian Agriculture." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 4 (January 15, 2024): e04538. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n4-036.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the beliefs of Haitian citizens about collective action and cooperativism to assist in the economic development of Haiti through family farming, using Mancur Olson's Collective Action Theory as an analytical theoretical framework. Theoretical framework: The study is based on the "Collective Action Theory", as developed by economist Mancur Olson in his work "The Logic of Collective Action". The theory proposes a model for the construction of collective actions based on the understanding of group needs and the ability to achieve challenging goals. Method: The study is characterized by a qualitative case study, conducted in the interior of "Cayes Jacmel," Haiti, using intentional sampling for interviews with forty Haitian farmers. Results and conclusion: The study observed that family farming depends on the implementation of new technologies and a credit system to boost agricultural practices. The study concluded that cooperativism and collective action in the Haitian context have the potential to boost the development of family farming and promote economic, political, and social progress. Research implications: The study provides critical insights into Haitians' perceptions of collective action and its role in economic development. It underscores the importance of cooperation, challenges political structures, and highlights the need for international aid aligned with sustainable agriculture. Originality/value: The study's originality lies in its focus on collective action as a driver of economic progress, aligning with the scope of the RGSA. The study's value extends to its potential to shape socio-environmental practices within Haitian society.
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Walker, Andrew. "Illegal Under the Laws of All Nations? The Courts of Haiti and the Suppression of the Atlantic Trade in African Captives." Law and History Review 37, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 539–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248019000142.
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In 1816, the mostly-American crew of a slaving brig bound from Cuba staged a mutiny before reaching West Africa, and then sailed on (without a captive cargo) to the antislavery republic of Haiti. Their voyage culminated in a remarkable prize case before the admiralty court at Port-au-Prince. The sailors claimed indignation at the “diabolical” slave trade, hoping to win profits from the condemnation of the vessel and to avoid future prosecution for enlisting in a slaving voyage that was illegal under U.S. federal law. Haitian prosecutors invoked the agreements of the Congress of Vienna, arguing that the trade had been prohibited by the laws of nations. It fell to the admiralty court to reconcile such aspirational claims with Haiti's ongoing struggle for political survival. The brig's journey between the United States, Cuba, Spanish Florida, Cape Verde, and finally Haiti reveals the ways in which slave traders calculated the relative risks of legal penalties against the possible gains from the trade. The records of the adjudication of the case show how Haitian officials developed their own legal strategies for the suppression of the trade, laying the foundations for an escalating campaign to police slaving traffic off of their shores.
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Meron, Theodor. "Extraterritoriality of Human Rights Treaties." American Journal of International Law 89, no. 1 (January 1995): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203895.
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On the eve of the planned U.S. invasion of Haiti, responding to an appeal from the International Committee of the Red Cross to apply international humanitarian law, the United States stated that [i]f it becomes necessary to use force and engage in hostilities, the United States will, upon any engagement of forces, apply all of the provisions of the Geneva Conventions and the customary international law dealing with armed conflict.Further, the United States will accord prisoner of war treatment to any detained member of the Haitian armed forces. Any member of the U.S. armed forces who is detained by Haitian forces must be accorded prisoner of war treatment.
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Hoogenboom, David A., and Joanna R. Quinn. "Transitional justice and the diaspora: Examining the impact of the Haitian diaspora on the Haitian truth commission." Griffith Law Review 29, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2020.1868281.
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BLACKMUN, Justice. "The Haitian Refoulement Case: Dissenting Opinion." International Journal of Refugee Law 6, no. 1 (1994): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/6.1.71.
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N'Zengou-Tayo, Marie-José. "‘Fanm Se Poto Mitan: Haitian Woman, the Pillar of Society." Feminist Review 59, no. 1 (June 1998): 118–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177898339497.
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In this paper Marie-Jose N'zengou-Tayo draws on a variety of sources, both historical and contemporary, to describe the journey of Haitian women from nineteenth-century post-War of Independence, to present-day Haitian society. The paper is divided in two sections. In the first, the author traces a brief social history of women, quoting anthropological and sociological studies from the 1930s to the 1970s. She begins with rural peasant women noting their significant involvement in farming, marketing and in the internal food trade sector. The development of polygamy and common law unions as the most common form of conjugal union is seen as a practical response to survival in rural Haiti. The author notes the major impact on women's lives of continued political upheavals, violent repression, rural degradation and migration to the cities. Opportunities for employment in a deprived urban setting, and women's initiatives in income generating are also described under the Duvalier regimes. A brief overview of the lives of the middle class is included, although there is a paucity of research in this area available to the author. Violence against women is a regular threat facing domestic workers, and a means of repression used by the state against women across classes. In the second section N'Zengou-Tayo addresses the literary representation of Haitian women by both female and male Haitian writers. The paper examines how female writers have developed subversive narrative strategies to shape a female identity in order to break away from the stereotypes portrayed in men's writing. N'Zengou-Tayo concludes that the tremendous contribution of Haitian women to their society has neither been recognized nor documented. Despite this, the resilience of Haitian women, whether in their daily lives or in their writing, has enabled them to make strides towards improving their lives.
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Nelson, Adrianne Katrina, Marguerite Fenwood, Courtney Burks, Alexandre Widner, Assiatou B. Bah, Ralph Ternier, and Molly F. Franke. "Exploring the use of labor and delivery services by women of Haitian nationality in a Dominican Republic border town." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 13, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-03-2016-0015.
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Purpose Women of Haitian nationality comprise a sizeable proportion of all women seeking labor and delivery services in a public hospital in Dominican Republic (DR), along the central border of Haiti. The purpose of this paper is to better understand and address the needs of Haitian women receiving labor and delivery services in this border region. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a mixed-methods study to identify personal motivations, demographic characteristics, and migration history of women seeking labor and delivery services at a public hospital. Findings The majority of women (83 percent) were born in Haiti but spoke Spanish (74 percent) and were long-term residents of the DR (mean 7.8 years). While many women reported they felt they had a positive experience delivering at the public hospital, some described feeling unwelcome or resented. Research limitations/implications The study sample was small and from one hospital. Future studies could explore the differences in experiences among Haitian women who are long-term residents of the DR and those whose presence is more transient. Practical implications Women residing on both sides of the border would likely benefit from coordinated efforts by the Haitian and DR Ministries of Health to strengthen referral services to and from either country. Social implications Hospital staff and services in the DR should consider the unique needs of this population, which makes critical contributions to workforce and culture in the DR. Originality/value This study is the first to assess labor and delivery service seeking practices and experiences within this population.
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Harris, Jonathan. "Haitian Centers Council, Inc. v. McNary." American Journal of International Law 87, no. 1 (January 1993): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203856.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Haitian law":
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Boyer, Kevin. "Les droits de la défense dans le système judiciaire haitien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0153.
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Depuis une trentaine d'années, le système judiciaire en Haïti s'est considérablement fragilisé. Les juridictions font face à des dysfonctionnements permanents qui entravent leur bonne marche. Cette fragilisation s'inscrit dans le contexte plus vaste d'un pays confronté à des difficultés politiques, économiques et sociales. La complexité de la situation juridictionnelle en Haïti a ainsi d'importantes incidences sur l'effectivité des droits de la défense, notamment en matière civile. Malgré certaines avancées normatives, les garanties procédurales des parties an cours d'un procès ne sont pas suffisamment protégées par le droit haïtien.Cette étude sur les droits de la défense dans le système judiciaire haïtien cherche à analyser l'effectivité de ces droits en amont, au cours et à l'issue de l'instance. Elle tente plus particulièrement de pointer les causes juridiques et extra-juridiques qui expliqueraient l’inefficacité de la protection des droits de la défense en Haïti. Tout en faisant appel au dynamisme du droit français, notamment sous l'impulsion de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme, cette thèse aborde en parallèle des propositions de réformes qui permettraient de renforcer les garanties procédurales de tous les justiciables haïtiensThe haitian legal system has significantly weakened these past thirty years. The courts are facing permanent malfunctionning. This fragility fits in a larger context of a country that has political, economical and social difficulties. However, the complexity of the legal situation has an important impact on the effectiveness of the defense's rights, particularly in civil matter. Despite the fact that some legal progresses were made, the procedural guarantees during the trial does not protect enough the parties in the haïtian law.This study of the defense's rights in the haïtian legal system tries to analyze the effectiveness of these rights before, during and after the trial. It points out the legal and extra-legal causes that could explain the ineffectiveness of the defense's rights in the country. In the light of the dynamism of the french law, under the impulse of the European convention of human rights, this thesis tackles suggestions to improve the procedural guarantees of all parties in the haïtian legal system
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Bastos, Renata Parize. "Globalização, migração e direito: regulação dos movimentos migratórios no Brasil." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1148.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-11The complex and multifaceted phenomenon of globalization, which from the 1960s up to now has caused a big impact in diverse sectors of social life, will be addressed in this thesis, in particular with regard to its influence on the human mobility. Although it enables the movement of goods, services, technology and information as a general rule, globalization does not necessarily facilitate the movement of people, whether for work purposes, or for reasons of survival. Migratory movements are regulated differently in each State, following countries internal policies and their interests of insertion in the globalized market. They are the ones who define the limits within immigration towards into their territories will be ruled, as well as how and if those who are not their citizens will be protected. The way the Brazilian State legally regulates migration, both for economic purposes as a movement of skilled workers, as in the cases of forced migration, recognized refugees and aspirants to the legal protection of refuge will be discussed in this study. The main aim of this analysis is to understand the current Brazilian immigration policy, legal arrangements that support the situation of immigrants in Brazil and to verify the legal system capacity of protecting and following up the evolution of migration in a globalized scenario based on the Economic Power and its Legal Limits line of research.
O complexo e multifacetado fenômeno da globalização, que a partir da década de 1960 passou a causar grande impacto nos mais diversos setores da vida social, será abordado nesta dissertação, em especial no que se refere a sua influência sobre a mobilidade humana. Embora viabilize a circulação de bens, tecnologias, serviços e informações, de maneira geral, a globalização não necessariamente facilita a circulação de pessoas, seja para fins laborais, seja por motivos de sobrevivência. Os movimentos migratórios são regulados de maneira diferenciada em cada Estado, seguindo suas políticas internas e seus interesses de inserção no mercado globalizado. São eles que definem os limites nos quais se darão esses movimentos para dentro de seus territórios e como serão ou não protegidos aqueles que não são seus cidadãos. A maneira como o Estado brasileiro regula juridicamente a migração, tanto para fins econômicos enquanto movimento de trabalhadores qualificados, como nos casos de migrações forçadas, de reconhecidamente refugiados e aspirantes à proteção jurídica do instituto do refúgio, será discutida no presente estudo. O foco central dessa análise é, com fulcro na linha de pesquisa Poder Econômico e seus Limites Jurídicos, compreender a atual política imigratória brasileira, os dispositivos jurídicos que amparam a situação do imigrante no Brasil e verificar a capacidade ou não do direito de tutelar e acompanhar evolução dos movimentos migratórios em um cenário globalizado.
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Clouet, Johanne. "La domesticité juvénile en Haïti : une vision à travers la lentille du pluralisme juridique." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115989.
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In this thesis, we present the outcomes of a research conducted on children's domestic labor in Haiti. In addition to being engaged in housekeeping work -- which has a negative impact on access to basic education -- children in domesticity are generally victims of harmful disciplinary measures as well. Consequently, our main objective is to expose the actual norms and practices regarding the education and the physical treatment of young domestic workers.Based on legal pluralism, the approach undertaken during this research combines both theoretical and empirical research, and focuses on law and norms existing at multiple levels.
First, we present the information gathered from our theoretical approach. After exploring the notion of "Haitian child domestic servant", sketching social profiles of actors engaged in the practice of domesticity, and identifying the most significant contingent factors, we underline the principal national and international norms guaranteeing children the right to education as well as to physical integrity.
Second, we explore the local norms related to the education and to physical treatment of young domestic servants through the results of empirical research carried out in Haiti in the form of observation and interviews with relevant actors.
We conclude by identifying the framework of norms that govern the behaviour of families that host domestic children. Understanding that framework allows jurists and other actors to identify and implement the actions more likely to improve the quality of life of child domestic workers.
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Rahill, Guitele Jeudy. "The Practice and Use of Picuristes (Lay Injectionists) among Haitian Immigrants in Miami-Dade County, Florida." FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/278.
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This exploratory study examined use of picuristes among Haitian immigrants in Miami-Dade County, Florida. It describes how this health-seeking behavior is socially constructed among Haitian immigrants in terms of benefits. (b) risks, (c) sex, (d) gender, (e) acculturation proxies and (f) transnational influences. It is conducted within the frameworks of Symbolic Interactionism, the Health Belief Model and the Explanatory Model of Illness. Purposive sampling and a mixed-method design were used to obtain semistructured interviews of 10 picuristes and 25 users. The same methods were employed to select survey respondents so as to obtain a descriptive estimate of picuriste use and covariates of picuriste use within the sample. ATLAS.ti 5.0 and SPSS 14.0 were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate an interconnection of elements from Vodou, traditional Haitian health beliefs and picuriste practice and use. Rekonnèt, a relationship based on a history of trust with individuals related by blood or who share close personal and social ties was identified as a sufficient and necessary reason for picuriste practice and use. Benefits reported are that the picuriste injections directly impact the blood, and that they represent affordable and convenient access to health care. Risks include rashes, abscesses and fevers. The reuse of injection equipment, routine injection of antibiotics and unknown substances and the improper discard of syringes and needles were reported, implying unrecognized risks of preventable infectious disease. No participant described a process that adheres to established international standards for safe injections. There is no clear evidence that biological sex, gender, length of time in U.S. or language of interview influence picuriste practice or use. Transnational ties facilitate transport of substances from Haiti and the practice and use of picuristes locally. Recommendation by a relative or trusted friend and believing that the benefits of picures outweigh risks were covariates of picuriste use. This study highlights values and priorities of Haitian immigrants seeking healthcare, and cultural forces that shape their decisions about wellness and treatment. Future studies should test the application of Symbolic Interactionism to picuriste use in larger epidemiological studies that examine picuriste use in relation to health status.
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Polloni, Mario. "War powers reforming the law, with case studies of U.S. Military participation in the Persian Gulf and Haiti /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA377755.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000.Thesis advisor(s): Teti, Frank ; Bruneau, Thomas. "March 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-106). Also available in print.
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Viveros, Astete Javiera. "Uso de las construcciones locativas en hablantes haitianos de español: una aproximación desde el contacto de lenguas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/169861.
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Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención LingüísticaEl siguiente estudio se plantea como una exploración, desde el contacto de lenguas, al español de hablantes de creole haitiano residentes en Chile. Para esto, se acotó como objeto de estudio el empleo de las construcciones locativas en las narraciones de estos actores sociales (atributivas, existenciales y posesivas), puesto que representan relaciones espaciales que son consideradas básicas en la conceptualización de la experiencia y en la organización semántica de las lenguas (García-Miguel, 2006). Planteamos como objetivo describir el empleo o la ausencia de los verbos ser, estar, haber y tener en estas construcciones, así como también el rol que cumplen los complementos locativos en sus estructuras. La hipótesis de investigación es que las diferencias tipológicas motivan cambios por contacto. El estudio se realizó a través del análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de ocho narraciones espontaneas orales hechas a partir del cuento Frog, where are you? (Mayer, 1956), producidas por hablantes haitianos hombres adultos aprendientes de español, residentes en Santiago de Chile y que asistieron como educandos a una escuela popular de español en Conchalí durante el año 2018. Los resultados indican que el cambio inducido por contacto más característico de los hablantes haitianos en las construcciones locativas son la elisión del verbo estar o su sustitución por el verbo ser en las oraciones atributivas, los cuales se explicarían por la influencia de la lengua materna en las producciones orales. Los complementos locativos jugaron un papel fundamental en la formulación de estas construcciones, puesto que en ambas lenguas son de estructuras semejantes y cumplen la función de atributo, cargando significado léxico del predicado.
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Orsini, Dominique. "Multinational operations in Somalia, Haiti and Bosnia : a comparative study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43928.pdf.
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Orellana, Alarcón Eduardo. "Participación de Chile en la estabilización de Haití: una nueva proyección para las políticas de defensa y relaciones exteriores del país." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146795.
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Memoria para optar al título de PeriodistaLa siguiente investigación trata sobre la participación del Estado chileno en el proceso internacional de estabilización de la República de Haití iniciado a partir de febrero de 2004 bajo el auspicio de la Organización de Naciones Uni-das (ONU) y sus efectos y consecuencias en los ámbitos de la política exterior y política de defensa chilenas. El foco de la investigación de concentra desde febrero de 2004, cuando el entonces presidente de Chile Ricardo Lagos Escobar adopta la decisión de que el país participe junto a grandes potencias mundiales en una primera fuerza multinacional de estabilización para Haití, hasta febrero de 2006, momento en que los haitianos logran celebrar sus primeras elecciones presidenciales y parlamentarias desde el inicio de la intervención internacional, 24 meses antes. La elección de este periodo se fundamenta en que estos dos años fueron los de mayor presencia y protagonismo de actores chilenos en el desarrollo de la misión y, por consiguiente, en los que se experimentaron mayores transformaciones y procesos de adaptativos en las instituciones nacionales involucradas.
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Valdivieso, Ojeda Cristian Daniel. "Ecuador y las operaciones de paz de la ONU : una respuesta a la MINUSTAH (2004-2017) /." São Paulo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180830.
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Orientadora: Suzeley Kalil MathiasBanca: Héctor Luís Saint-Pierre
Banca: Juliana de Paula Bigatão
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"
Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio la participación ecuatoriana en la misión establecida en Haití en el periodo 2004-2017. El objetivo es mostrar que las operaciones de paz se traducen para el Ecuador como una forma de inserción internacional, especialmente en el contexto del desdoblamiento de la Misión de Estabilización de las Naciones Unidas en Haití (MINUSTAH). Con el intuito de cumplir con el objetivo presentado, se aborda el histórico de la resolución de conflictos desde la conformación de la Liga de las Naciones hasta la conceptualización de las operaciones de paz de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU). Seguidamente, se discute la participación de los principales países de América del Sur que aportaron con efectivos en esa misión multinacional, para comprender los principales factores que motivaron dicha contribución. Por último, se analiza la actuación ecuatoriana en el contexto de la MINUSTAH por medio de la Unidad Escuela de Misiones de Paz Ecuador (UEMPE). Como recurso metodológico se emplea un abordaje cualitativo, aplicando como métodos el análisis documental y bibliográfico para fuentes primarias y secundarias respectivamente. Se concluye que la contribución ecuatoriana en la MINUSTAH responde a incentivos generados por los países sudamericanos, apuntando que la región posee autonomía en la gestión de conflictos y crisis locales.
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a participação equatoriana na missão estabelecida no Haiti no período 2004-2017. O objetivo é mostrar que as operações de paz se traduzem para o Equador como uma forma de inserção internacional, especialmente no contexto do desdobramento da Missão de Estabilização das Nações Unidas no Haiti (MINUSTAH). Com o intuito de cumprir com o objetivo apresentado, aborda-se o histórico da resolução de conflitos desde a conformação da Liga das Nações até a conceitualização das operações de paz da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Em seguida, discute-se a participação dos principais países de América do Sul que aportam com efetivos nessas missões multinacionais. Por último, é analisada a atuação equatoriana no contexto da MINUSTAH por meio da Unidade Escola de Missões de Paz do Equador (UEMPE). Como metodologia, emprega-se uma abordagem qualitativa, aplicando como métodos a análise documental e bibliográfica para fontes primárias e secundárias respectivamente. Conclui-se que a contribuição equatoriana na MINUSTAH responde a incentivos gerados por países sul-americanos, apontando que a região possui autonomia no gerenciamento de conflitos e crises locais.
Abstract: The object of study of the present work is the Ecuadorian participation in the mission established in Haiti in the period 2004-2017. The aim is to show that peace operations are translated for Ecuador as a form of international insertion, especially in the context of the deployment of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). With the intention of achieving the objective presented, it is approached the history of conflict resolution since the formation of the League of Nations until the conceptualization of peace operations by the United Nations (UN). Subsequently, the participation of the main South American countries that contribute with troops in this multinational mission is discussed in order to comprehend the central factors that motivates this presence in the island. Finally, the Ecuadorian action in the context of MINUSTAH is analyzed through the School Unit of Missions of Peace Ecuador (UEMPE). As a methodological resource, a qualitative approach is used, applying the documental and bibliographical analysis methods for primary and secondary sources respectively. It is concluded that the Ecuadorian contribution in MINUSTAH responds to incentives generated by the South American countries, pointing out that the region has autonomy in the management of conflicts and local crises.
Mestre
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Moreno, Segura Laura Natalia. "Puerto Príncipe y el desastre. Siguiendo las huellas de una reconstrucción difusa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/297698.
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El terremoto del 12 de enero de 2010 aparecía como una fecha que fracturaba la historia de Haití en un antes y un después de aquel evento catastrófico. Una oportunidad para comenzar de cero. Un país históricamente conquistado, colonizado, intervenido y ayudado se enfrentaba a un nuevo desafío: reconstruir su densificada y empobrecida capital. Esta investigación surge con el ánimo de rastrear, descubrir y describir cómo se ha adelantado el proceso de reconstrucción de Puerto Príncipe y cuáles son las características de la ciudad que ha ido emergiendo de las ruinas durante los primeros cuatro años después del sismo. Una ciudad que históricamente ha sido construida fuera de los cánones de la planificación urbana, encuadrándose mejor en las formas de construcción azarosas, creativas e improvisadas que aparecen por doquier en las ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe. Por ello, se entiende que la situación actual de Puerto Príncipe (2013-2014) se encuentra fuertemente influenciada por las prácticas urbanas de los últimos decenios del siglo XX, cuyas características son descritas exhaustivamente para conseguir una mejor comprensión de la ciudad “post-desastre”, reconstruida por cientos de manos que no siguen ningún plan común -a pesar de los intentos realizados por agentes internacionales en este ámbito.
Dado que la reconstrucción ha traído consigo una ampliación de la ayuda/intervención internacional en Haití, este trabajo explora las formas en las que se ha desplegado la cooperación internacional en el proceso de reconstrucción, así como la manera en que se desarrollan las interacciones entre los diversos participantes internacionales y los actores locales con la intención de poner en evidencia los distintos intereses que movilizan, sus agendas heterogéneas y cambiantes, sus proyectos disgregados y sus formas divergentes de comprender y actuar en el universo haitiano.
La ausencia de un plan general de reconstrucción de la ciudad al que deban adaptarse los distintos participantes ha dado lugar a la aparición de pequeños proyectos, promovidos por múltiples agentes, tanto institucionales como informales, que generan formas de ocupación y apropiación del espacio que no pueden ser descritas en tipologías rígidas y estables, ya que pueden haber tantos tipos de viviendas como constructores de la ciudad. En ese sentido, para comprender las dinámicas de organización y funcionamiento propias de la capital haitiana es inapropiado acudir a fórmulas pre-establecidas o categorías de análisis homogéneas (ciudad difusa, ciudad fragmentada, ciudad miseria, ciudad insular) sino que será necesario rastrear los distintos procesos de ocupación del espacio que se suceden simultáneamente en la ciudad para poder dar cuenta –al menos de manera aproximada- de sus características y sus diversas formas de urbanización.
Esta investigación, con fines más narrativos que taxonómicos, se enfoca en la descripción de tres formas diferentes de producción y apropiación del espacio que han surgido después del terremoto. Éstas, en ninguna medida, agotan la multiplicidad de proyectos que se han implementado en Puerto Príncipe durante los últimos años, simplemente se trata una exploración detallada de tres de las muchas formas en que se está construyendo la ciudad, a saber: campamentos (UTEB y Ambassade d’Italie), sites planing (La Piste) y barrios de relocalización (Morne Hôpital). Es así que esta aproximación inicial permite conocer tanto las características de la reconstrucción de la capital de Haití como los problemas y desafíos que pueden aparecer en la reconstrucción de una ciudad en situaciones de post-emergencia.Le séisme du 12 Janvier 2010 est apparu comme un événement capable de fracturer l'histoire d'Haïti. Une opportunité pour prendre un nouveau départ. Un pays historiquement conquis, colonisé, contrôlé et aidé a du faire front à un nouveau défi: reconstruire sa ville-capitale appauvrie. Cette recherche a débuté dans le but de suivre, identifier et décrire la reconstruction de Port-au-Prince et les caractéristiques de la ville qui ont émergées des ruines durant les quatre premières années suivant le séisme. Une ville qui a été historiquement construite en dehors des canons de la planification urbaine étant mieux encadrée à l’image des formes hasardeuses, créatrices et improvisées des constructions qui apparaissent par multiples dans les villes de l'Amérique Latine et des Caraïbes. Par conséquent, on entend que l'actuelle situation de Port-au-Prince (entre 2013-2014) est fortement influencée par ses pratiques urbaines de la fin du siècle précédent lesquelles sont exhaustivement décrites pour obtenir une meilleure compréhension de la ville "post-désastre" reconstruite par des centaines de mains ne suivant aucun plan commun malgré quelques tentatives. La reconstruction a généré une expansion de l'aide / intervention internationale en Haïti. Par cela ce travail explore les formes dans lesquelles la coopération internationale s'est déployée dans le processus de reconstruction. Également, cette recherche étudie la manière dans laquelle les interactions entre les divers participants internationaux et les acteurs locaux se développent dans l’intention de mettre en évidence les intérêts distincts qu'ils mobilisent, ses programmes hétérogènes et changeants, ses projets dispersés et ses formes divergentes de compréhension et d'action dans l'univers haïtien. L'absence d'un plan général de reconstruction de la ville auquel les différents participants doivent s'adapter a permis l'apparition de petits projets, promus par plusieurs agents, institutionnels et informels, qui génèrent formes d'occupation et une appropriation de l'espace ne pouvant être décrit dans des typologies rigides et stables, puisqu'il peut y avoir tant de types de logements que de constructeurs de la ville. En ce sens, afin de comprendre les dynamiques d'organisation et de fonctionnement de la capitale haïtienne, il est difficile d’utiliser des formules préétablies ou catégories homogènes d'analyse (une ville diffuse, une ville fragmentée, une ville misère, une ville insulaire) mais il est nécessaire de suivre les différents processus d'occupation de l'espace qui se succèdent simultanément dans la ville en vue de rendre compte - au moins d'une manière approximative - de ses caractéristiques et diverses formes d'urbanisation. Cette recherche, aux fins plus narratives que taxonomiques, se concentre sur la description de trois différentes formes de production et d’appropriation de l'espace qui ayant surgies après le tremblement de terre. En aucune mesure, celles-ci épuisent la multiplicité des projets mis en œuvre à Port-au-Prince durant ces dernières années. Il s'agit de réaliser une étude détaillée de trois "exemple-types" majeurs développés parmi les nombreux exemples de reconstruction ayant refaçonnés la ville, à savoir : les camps (UTEB et Ambassade d’Italie), les sites planing (Ancien Aéroport) et les programmes de relocalisation quartiers (Morne l’Hôpital). Ceci dans un souci d’obtenir, dans une logique d’apprentissage, une première approche tant de la reconstruction de Port-au-Prince que des problématiques et défis concrèts qui peuvent se poser dans la reconstruction de la ville en situation de post-urgence.
Books on the topic "Haitian law":
1
Ghachem, Malick W. The Old Regime and the Haitian Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
2
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. Haitian migration to the U.S.: Issues and legislation. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1992.
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Veras, Ramón Antonio. Migración caribeña & un capítulo haitiano. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana: Taller, 1985.
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Veras, Ramón Antonio. Migración caribeña & un capítulo haitiano. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana: Taller, 1985.
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Haiti. Investment treaty with Haiti: Message from the President of the United States transmitting the treaty between United States of America and the Republic of Haiti concerning the reciprocal encouragement and protection of investment, with protocol, signed at Washington, December 13, 1983. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
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Fernández, Luís. Plan de regularización y la política migratoria de la RD: 2012-2020. Republica Dominicana: [publisher not identified], 2020.
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Amato, Theresa A. A childhood abducted: Children cutting sugar cane in the Dominican Republic. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1991.
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Judiciary, United States Congress House Committee on the. Haitian Refugee Protection Act of 1992: Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 3844) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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Office, General Accounting. Immigration benefits: Sixth report required by the Haitian Immigration Fairness Act of 1998. Washington, DC: The Office, 2001.
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Goldstein, Brandt. Storming the court: How a band of law students sued the President and won. New York: Scribner, 2005.
Book chapters on the topic "Haitian law":
1
Taylor, Kate Nancy. "Shifting Demands in International Institutional Law: Securing the United Nations’ Accountability for the Haitian Cholera Outbreak." In Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 157–95. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-060-2_7.
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Koenig, Serena, Fernet Leandre, Dan Fitzgerald, Paul Farmer, Joia Mukherjee, Warren Johnson, and Jean William Pape. "Public Health Aspects of HIV/AIDS in Haiti: Epidemiology, Prevention and Care." In Public Health Aspects of HIV/AIDS in Low and Middle Income Countries, 671–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72711-0_31.
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Houston, Adam Rainis. "Applying Lessons from the Past in Haiti: Cholera, Scientific Knowledge, and the Longest-Standing Principle of International Health Law." In Infectious Diseases in the New Millennium, 13–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39819-4_2.
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Bardfield, Joshua, Bruce D. Agins, Margareth Jasmin, Nicasky Celestin, Nirva Duval, Jean Gabriel Balan, Patrice Joseph, Jean Solon Valles, and Yves Marie Bernard. "Haiti’s National HIV Quality Management Program and the Implementation of an Electronic Medical Record to Drive Improvement in Patient Care." In Improving Health Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 43–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43112-9_4.
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Stotzky, Irwin P. "Haiti: Searching for Alternatives." In Impunity And Human Rights In International Law And Practice, 185–97. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195081367.003.0014.
Abstract:
Abstract The challenges posed by Haiti’s rocky transition from the Duvalier era to one of democracy have been as difficult as any in the world. As this book goes to press, international efforts to restore the democratically elected government have successfully reinstated President Aristide to office. It remains unclear, however, whether the international efforts will again founder on the intransigence of the most powerful forces in Haiti—the economic elite and the military and paramilitary forces. Even assuming that these corporative forces can be brought under democratic control, the difficulties of creating a viable economy, an institutional structure, and respect for the rule of law, which must undergird both, remain formidable. The question of whether to prosecute those who have committed serious human rights violations played a key role in the events leading up to the September 1991 coup. That question continued to be significant in negotiations for President Jean-Bertrand Aristide’s return and is now a key question in the consolidation of the democratic government. Indeed, dealing with the past will be crucial to opening up new possibilities for establishing the rule of law in both the institutions and the minds of the Haitian people.
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James, Erica Caple. "Life in Purgatorial Spaces: Haitian Migrants between Church, State, and Law." In Life at the Center: Haitians and Corporate Catholicism in Boston, 59–84. University of California Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/luminos.188.c.
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"3 Life in Purgatorial Spaces: Haitian Migrants between Church, State, and Law." In Life at the Center, 59–84. University of California Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520400559-005.
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Sanders Johnson, Grace. "The Right Sex." In White Gloves, Black Nation, 140–81. University of North Carolina PressChapel Hill, NC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469673684.003.0006.
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Abstract This chapter starts in 1944 and returns to the 1946 Constitutional Convention to contextualize the intellectual, legislative, and organizational achievements of women’s rights organizers in 1940s, including their research on women in urban demographics, their fight for equal pay, and their creation of the women’s center Le Foyer. The chapter considers LFAS women’s assertion of social and political enslavement—“the woman is a slave”—and puts it alongside their political platform concerning parental rights and the condition of the Haitian family structure, particularly the practice of plasaj (a Haitian common-law marriage that can include multiple sexual and romantic partnerships and that usually incorporates a shared financial arrangement). The chapter observes how legislation around women’s rights was used to control women’s domestic and public movements, including rural-to-urban migration. The chapter also charts the continuity and growth of misogynist discourse and gender based violence in 1940s politics.
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Shull, Kristina. "Constructing the Carceral Palimpsest." In Detention Empire, 14–28. University of North Carolina PressChapel Hill, NC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469669861.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter uses the concept of a “carceral palimpsest” to chronicle episodes of immigration enforcement and detention throughout US history until 1980 and in relation to war, settler colonialism, and the rise of mass incarceration. Episodes discussed include Chinese exclusion, convict leasing, Japanese incarcerations during WWII, and the Bracero Program, and how these informed immigration detention law and practice. In the Cold War era, the United States adopted counterinsurgency military tactics that shaped interventions abroad and US policing at home. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the development of international refugee law and experiences of Vietnamese refugees and Haitian asylum-seekers in the 1970s that set the stage for new political contestations over refugee rights in the 1980s.
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"Multiple Discrimination and the System of International Human Rights Law: The Example of Haitian Women in the Dominican Republic." In Expanding the Horizons of Human Rights Law, 79–106. Brill | Nijhoff, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047407423_005.
Conference papers on the topic "Haitian law":
1
Paul, Bénédique, Ahmad H. Juma'h, and Florys Dorante. "Entrepreneurs’ Perception of Banks’ Social Responsibility : A Haitian Case Study." In Sessions du CREGED à la 30e Conférence Annuelle de Haitian Studies Association. Editions Pédagie Nouvelle & Université Quisqueya, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54226/uniq.ecodev.18793_c4.
Abstract:
Banks are the pillars of entrepreneurship expansion and economic development. In developing countries, where there is little public financial support for entrepreneurs, it is clear that banks, among other financial institutions, should be part of the solution to the problem of financing economic activity. As financial intermediaries, commercial banks need to enjoy good perception among entrepreneurs to improve their profitability. To achieve such objective, banks sometimes adopt social responsibility strategies to influence public perception of banks’ behavior. How do Haitian entrepreneurs perceive Haitian banks’ social responsibility? To answer this question, we collect empirical data among entrepreneurs of all size (micro, small and large). The findings help interesting discussions of banks perception among entrepreneurs divided by demographic (gender, location) and economic (sector, size, assets) characteristics. Among the main conclusions, we find that banks enjoy very bad perception among entrepreneurs (all size). Also, the special concessions given by the Government and other international institutions to the banking industry in Haiti help very few to increase the financial services for Haitian entrepreneurs. From our conclusion arise questions for future research to study the relations between entrepreneurs’ own practices of corporate social responsibility and their perception of banks social responsibility.
2
Ciguino, Hubermane, and Bénédique Paul. "Analyse de l’impact des programmes de microfinance dans la performance des microentreprises." In Sessions du CREGED à la 30e Conférence Annuelle de Haitian Studies Association. Editions Pédagie Nouvelle & Université Quisqueya, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54226/uniq.ecodev.18793_c3.
Abstract:
Les débats sur les impacts des programmes de microfinance sont continus. Deux courants théoriques y sont opposés : le welfarisme et l’institutionnalisme. Les insuffisances du dualisme welfarisme et institutionnalisme ne permettent pas d’analyser les effets financiers des programmes de microfinance sur les microentreprises. Dans cette recherche, nous proposons un nouveau modèle d’analyse basé sur les déterminants de la performance des microentreprises. Ce modèle tient compte des conditions de microfinancement élaborées par les organisations de microfinance et les pratiques de gestion dans les microentreprises. La question étudiée est la suivante : les conditions de microfinancement greffées sur des pratiques de gestion des emprunteurs sont-elles favorables à la performance économique des microentreprises ? Notre hypothèse est que vu la faiblesse des pratiques de gestion des emprunteurs, les conditions de microfinancement ont des effets d’appauvrissement sur des microentreprises. En vue de tester cette hypothèse, nous proposons tout d’abord un nouveau modèle destiné à être expérimenté à travers l’analyse d’un programme de microfinance haïtienne, à partir d’enquête auprès d’un échantillon aléatoire de bénéficiaires, dans les communes de Port-au-Prince et Miragoâne.
3
Cadet, Raulin L., Christophe Providence, and Jean-Baptiste Anténord. "La Pénétration Bancaire et le Développement des Villes d’Haïti." In Sessions du CREGED à la 30e Conférence Annuelle de Haitian Studies Association. Editions Pédagie Nouvelle & Université Quisqueya, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54226/uniq.ecodev.18793_c5.
Abstract:
Ce papier entend vérifier si le niveau de développement des villes aussi bien que la proximité de ces dernières entre elles sont liés au niveau de pénétration bancaire en Haïti. Notre travail s’appuie sur les tests de l’indice global et des indices locaux de Moran. Deux indicateurs de développement sont utilisés pour analyser le lien avec le taux de pénétration bancaire. Il s’agit du taux d’établissements de santé disposant de lits et de la couverture des villes en électricité. Les résultats révèlent que le taux de pénétration bancaire est élevé dans les villes dont les plus proches voisines ont un niveau de développement élevé. Ils révèlent aussi une poche de pénétration bancaire uniquement dans la zone métropolitaine de Port-au-Prince, suggérant l’existence d’un faible niveau de compétition entre les banques. Si la pénétration bancaire est importante, pouvant contribuer à rendre le crédit plus disponible, il est nécessaire de garantir un minimum de développement des villes afin d’y attirer les banques.
4
Providence, Christophe. "Disparités spatiales et financement des biens et services publics de proximité en Haïti. Le cas des budgets communaux de 2017-2018." In Sessions du CREGED à la 30e Conférence Annuelle de Haitian Studies Association. Editions Pédagie Nouvelle & Université Quisqueya, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54226/uniq.ecodev.18793_c1.
Abstract:
Pendant longtemps en Haïti, le développement fut pensé comme l’apanage des autorités centrales qui ont conçu, dans des logiques nationales, des stratégies à cet effet sans forcément prendre en compte les spécificités infranationales. Cette vision de mise en projet des territoires a émergé d’un contexte et d’une histoire uniques qui impliqueraient dès lors une logique de développement unique. En prenant le cas d’études des allocations budgétaires aux communes haïtiennes pour l’année fiscale 2017-2018, nous voulons démontrer que la logique de répartition du financement des collectivités territoriales n’est ni neutre ni stratégique. L’objectif de cet article est double. D’une part, c’est de modéliser les disparités spatiales et l’instabilité structurelle sur le territoire national. D’autre part, c’est d’étudier les variations dans l’espace et d’expliquer le caractère inclusif et complémentaire du processus de développement territorial. L’analyse spatiale des dotations communales de crédits budgétaires révèle deux grandes anomalies dans la logique de financement de ces territoires. La première anomalie considère la légitimation des disparités territoriales et socioéconomiques qui vient d’un choix non éclairé des dirigeants à concevoir le territoire haïtien et les relations de proximité entre les acteurs localisés. La seconde anomalie se retrouve dans le manque de vision ou de considérations globales dans la stratégie nationale pour le développement territorial. L’État haïtien ne peut donc pas faire une gestion prévisionnelle et stratégique du territoire, car il est trop dépendant des événements conjoncturels.
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Anténord, Jean-Baptiste, Etienne Billette de Villemeur, and Raulin L. Cadet. "Accès aux biens et services des ménages aux revenus les plus faibles : un modèle microéconomique." In Sessions du CREGED à la 30e Conférence Annuelle de Haitian Studies Association. Editions Pédagie Nouvelle & Université Quisqueya, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54226/uniq.ecodev.18793_c2.
Abstract:
Les ménages à faible revenu ont un accès limité au marché des biens et services du fait de leur faible capacité à payer. Lorsque ces biens et services ne sont pas strictement indispensables, il est possible d’identifier un revenu minimum en deçà duquel les ménages préfèrent renoncer à leur usage. Ce niveau de revenu déterminant l’exclusion est naturellement croissant avec le niveau des prix pratiqués par les fournisseurs de ces biens et services. Si les coûts sont trop élevés, à moins de subventions, il n’est pas possible d’éviter qu’il y ait exclusion. Cependant, même dans le cas où, étant donné les coûts, il serait possible aux entreprises d’offrir des biens et services à un prix abordable pour tous, il n’est pas certain qu’il soit dans leur intérêt de le faire. Nous identifions pourtant, dans le cadre d’un exemple, des circonstances où la recherche du profit amène spontanément les entreprises à adopter une politique tarifaire inclusive.
6
Silva, Diego. "Bilingüismo educacional, ¿cómo enfrentan el español los estudiantes haitianos en Chile?" In V Congreso Internacional "Las caras invisibles de la pobreza. Una mirada integral de la vulnerabilidad”. Instituto de Ciencias para la Familia - Universidad Austral, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26422/icf.2018.cong05.sil.
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Ouellet, Chantal, Amal Boultif, and Pierre Jonas Romain. "OUTCOMES OF SLAM WRITING WORKSHOPS FOR HAITIAN STUDENTS AT THE END OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v2end052.
Abstract:
"In Haiti, the success rate in elementary school remains very low and the majority of teachers do not have sufficient knowledge of effective pedagogical approaches to writing which leads to demotivation and a low sense of effectiveness as scriptwriters among students. We chose slam as a genre of contemporary and urban poetry (Vorger, 2011) and the workshop device to work on slam poetic writing (Troia, Lin, Cohen and Monroe, 2011), ideal to improve students' writing skills, motivation and sense of effectiveness. The research took place in two primary schools in Port-au-Prince against the backdrop of a socio-political crisis. Twelve facilitators (10 women and 2 men), trained in advance, facilitated the workshops in 13 sessions of 90 minutes each. A total of 61 students aged 12-13 participated in the after-school writing workshops (26 boys and 38 girls). Students completed a questionnaire on their motivation and sense of writing skills before and after the program. A corpus of 41 texts of claimed poetry written by students is the subject of a thematic and linguistic analysis. The results indicate that students benefit from their writing and oral expression skills, self-confidence and empowerment, and that their texts demonstrate a high degree of linguistic creativity and thematic richness. The positive results are consistent with those obtained in other socio-cultural contexts (Patmanathan, 2014) regarding the impact of the writing workshops. They contribute to new knowledge about slam poetry as an appropriate literary genre for young people, even at the end of primary school."
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Santos, A. L. R., P. M. J. Rosseel, S. Guilavogui, and L. S. G. L. Wauben. "Human factors perspective on the safety environment of nurse anaesthetist training in Haiti." In Appropriate Healthcare Technologies for Low Resource Settings (AHT 2014). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2014.0771.
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Dupleix, Vital, Danilo R. B. Araujo, and Carmelo J. A. Bastos-Filho. "Designing the optical network of Haiti using a multi-objective evolutionary approach." In 2016 IEEE Latin American Conference on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/la-cci.2016.7885701.
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Bian, David W., Julia A. Sokol, Janet H. Yun, Craig A. Mascarenhas, Chinasa Emeghara, Sterling M. Watson, Christopher Buresh, Annie Vander Werff, Natasha C. Wright, and Amos G. Winter. "Development of a Village-Scale, Solar-Powered Reverse Osmosis System." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59646.
Abstract:
This paper details the development of a photovoltaic reverse osmosis water desalination system for a groundwater well in Bercy, Haiti. The well was constructed to provide potable drinking and agricultural water for the 300-person community. However, its water has a salinity level of 5,290 ppm, rendering it harmful for both human consumption and soil fertility. This reverse osmosis system is designed to be low-cost and operational off-grid while providing 900 gallons per day of desalinated water for the community. The system is composed of a photovoltaic power system, a submersible solar pump, and three reverse osmosis membranes. The system is designed to have a material cost significantly below that of any commercially-available system of similar scale. Furthermore, it has an average water production cost of $1.21/m3 and an average specific energy of 1.2 kWh/m3. Its performance was tested in the laboratory by connecting the desalination module to a DC power supply, demonstrating good agreement with its modeled performance. The installation of the full system with the PV module will take place on-site in the summer of 2016. Following implementation, the system will be monitored and compared against predicted performance. The first attempt is meant to serve as a verification and validation of the system as a whole. However, successful operation within the given cost target could pave the way for wider use of off-grid reverse osmosis systems at many remote locations with limited freshwater access around the world.
Reports on the topic "Haitian law":
1
Corrales, Maria Elena, and Lourdes Alvarez. IDB-9: Evaluation of IDB-9 Commitments for Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010521.
Abstract:
The objective of this report is to assess the full and effective implementation of the Bank's support to Haiti in the wake of the 2010 earthquake, in fulfillment of the mandates of IDB-9, which included full debt forgiveness, delivery of concessional resources in 2010, and expansion of the Bank's Grant Facility to provide Haiti US$200 million per year for a period of 10 years (2011-2020), subject to annual approval by the Governors. The evaluation confirms that the financial mandates included in IDB-9 have been fulfilled. The Bank wrote off Haiti's debt and transferred resources to the Grant Facility to approve grants to the country over the amount previously established, for US$231.6 million in 2010. In 2011 and 2012, the Bank transferred US$200 million per year in Ordinary Capital resources to the Grant Facility. The Bank financed a program for an amount that exceeded the transfers made, totaling US$231.0 million in 2011 and US$228.0 million in 2012. As regards the Bank's role in catalyzing resources from other donors, there were intense efforts, and the Bank leveraged US$136 million in the period 2010-2012. That figure, however, is somewhat lower than for the period preceding the earthquake and the annual amounts received have fallen. Coordination of international donors has proven inadequate, given the challenges facing the country and the management and execution capacity of the Haitian government. In this context, the Bank's sector coordination work in some key sectors is both recognized and valued. The intervention strategy adopted by the Bank emphasized long-term efforts in the sectors where it had been operating, rather than reconstruction, and had very ambitious targets given the limited management capacities of the Government of Haiti. Execution problems, such as poor designs and preinvestment studies, combined with low execution and supervision capacity in executing units, limited the results of these programs. New programs for development in the northern hub, along with institutional support at the sectoral level, involve risks that need to be addressed in a timely manner to ensure results in the long term. Meanwhile, the urgent need for approval and disbursement of US$200 million each year for 10 years does open up new opportunities for establishing a long-term country strategy, but is hindered by the slow, complex process of institution building. The result is pressure on specialists from the Bank and in the country, and this does not necessarily lead to disbursements or to effective efforts to overcome the problems of Haitian society. Haiti remains a major challenge for the IDB, and international coordination is vital if progress is to be made in overcoming the country¿s urgent problems of poverty and low economic growth. In this regard, OVE believes that the effectiveness of the Bank's actions in Haiti will depend on assessing the constraints associated with country's fragile condition, redefining sector targets and outcomes in line with the context, and paying special attention to reconstruction efforts. Lastly, harmonizing approvals and disbursements with the actual implementation conditions in the executing agencies involved, and respecting the time-frames needed to provide assistance in institution building within the country through a segmented allocation strategy, would make it possible to ensure the Bank's sustained, long-term support.
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Chiavassa, Nathalie, and Raphael Dewez. Technical Note on Road Safety in Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003250.
Abstract:
The IDB has been a predominant partner supporting Haiti development efforts for many years. Nowadays, the IDB is the main source of investment for the country. Considering the vital weight of road transport sector in the socio-economy of the country, the IDB has concentrated a large part of investment efforts in rehabilitating and improving national road infrastructures. In the same time, a rapid increase of motorization and relatively higher speeds have contributed to increasing the number of traffic fatalities and injuries. In 2017, road injuries were the fifth cause of mortality in Haiti. The Road Safety situation of the country is preoccupying with many Vulnerable Road Users involved, in particular pedestrians and motorcyclists. The country is facing multi-sector challenges to address this Road Safety situation. Despite recent efforts, high political will has not been continuous in promoting a multi-sector coordination and the success of technical efforts remained mitigated over the last years. Road user awareness is still weak in the country. Risk factors include dangerous driving, bad safety conditions of vehicles, together with limited law enforcement and poor maintenance of safety devices on the roads. In this context, the Road Safety situation of the country may be getting worse in the coming years if no action is taken. However, the new Decade provides with a unique opportunity to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including significant progress in reducing the burden of traffic crashes. The IDB has already initiated vital investments in modernizing crash data collection, promoting institutional dialogue and supporting capacity building in the area of Road Safety. Future actions to address Road Safety challenges in Haiti in the framework of the five UN five pillars would require a range of investments in the area of political commitment, institutional coordination and technical efforts. A change of political paradigm from making roads for travelling faster to making roads safer for all users is highly needed at national level. This technical note on Road Safety in Haiti present the current situation of the country and provides with recommendations for future actions on Road Safety.
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Simmoneaux, Mathilde, and Bruno Jacquet. Experiencia piloto de subvención de la demanda a través de vouchers para facilitar el acceso a insumos agrícolas en Haití. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009936.
Abstract:
La agricultura haitiana, en su mayoría familiar y de subsistencia, enfrenta en la actualidad diversos retos para mejorar sus niveles de productividad y el acesso a factores de producción. En 2011 se decidió llevar a cabo una experiencia piloto de subvención de la demanda a través de cupones en el marco del Programa de Intensificación Agrícola Ennery Quinte (PIA-EQ), implementado por el MARNDR desde 2006 con financiamiento del BID. El principio consistió en cubrir una parte de los costos de producción para fomentar la adopción de paquetes tecnológicos por los agricultores. La experiencia ha permitido al MARNDR diseñar y probar un nuevo mecanismo de subvención cuyos logros son muy positivos en términos de apoyo público a la producción. Basándose en un análisis cualitativo, el presente estudio de caso se centra en presentar las principales lecciones de la experiencia y provee algunas recomendaciones. Así este documento se enfoca en los elementos metodológicos de la intervención, sin entrar en un análisis detallado de los impactos, que se llevará a cabo en 2013, al final del periodo de ejecución del Programa.
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Espinasa, Ramón, and Malte Humpert. Energy Matrix Country Briefings: Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad &. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008096.
Abstract:
This publication is part of a series of reports produced by the Energy Division of the Infrastructure and Environment Department of the Vice President of the Research Department at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) with support from Compete Caribbean as a regional public good. It is designed to increase the base of knowledge about the characteristics and functions of the Energy Sector in Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC). The description of the energy matrix and sector governance of each country in the Caribbean has been carried out in parallel to similar work for the rest of the Latin American and Caribbean region. However, the methodology for this region varies slightly from country to country as there is not a single set of comparable data for all the nations in this group. The sources of information are all publicly available and include the International Energy Agency, the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the Global Environment Fund, the United Nations, the International Renewable Energy Agency, consulting firms, and local governments and utilities.
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Roelen, Keetie, and Karol Rodriguez. Comprehensive Social Protection Programming: What is the Potential for Improving Sanitation Outcomes? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.001.
Abstract:
Millions of people around the world do not have access to adequate sanitation facilities, undermining progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6.2 that calls for adequate and equitable sanitation for all. Efforts to improve sanitation outcomes have been rapidly accelerated in the past decade alongside an expansion of different financial incentives or subsidies to promote access to services and motivate sanitation behaviour. In parallel, social protection has become part and parcel of development policy, with many low- and middle-income countries now offering some form of cash transfers to those most vulnerable. Comprehensive interventions that couple financial transfers with complementary support such as behaviour change communication, training, or coaching have also grown increasingly popular. Despite similarities between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) subsidy schemes and social protection interventions, these policy areas have largely developed in silos and limited cross-sectoral learning has taken place. This paper begins to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the potential for comprehensive social protection in addressing sanitation outcomes and drawing out policy implications for the social protection and WASH communities. It does so by focusing on a social protection programme in the context of extreme poverty in rural Haiti.
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Sandleris, Guido. Standardized Sovereign Debt Statistics for Latin America and the Caribbean: 2010. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009217.
Abstract:
This report updates data on gross and net public debt for countries in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region up to June and December 2010. Gross public debt refers to the total debt of the central government and the central bank, excluding the latter's monetary liabilities and its short-term debt issued for the purpose of monetary regulation. Net public debt subtracts from the previous amount, Central Banks holdings of public debt and international reserves.The data in this report was collected from questionnaires sent to the LAC countries debt offices in April 2011. A record twenty-three countries completed the questionnaire for this report. These countries were: Argentina, The Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela. This report is organized as follows. Section 1 summarizes the new developments regarding public debt during 2010. It also presents summary cross country tables for relevant variables. Section 2 displays, in a nutshell, basic information on sovereign debt level and composition by country, as well as information on benchmark bonds and the most recent debt issuances. Section 3 shows more detailed country data in the Data Tables. Finally, the Methodological Appendix in Section 4 describes the debt concepts included in this report, and attaches the questionnaire sent to each country debt office to gather the data.
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Castro, Rubén, Leonardo González, Ignacio Schiappacasse, and Juan Tapia. The Impact of Covid-19 on Pensions due to Early Withdrawals of Pension Savings. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004517.
Abstract:
The Chilean pension system was hit hard during 2020-2021 by the withdrawal of 25 per cent of the individual pensions funds accumulated by 2019, an amount equivalent to 20 per cent of Chiles GDP. We estimate here the impact of those withdrawals on new pension allowances, using a combination of official data sets and the IDB model for the actuarial projection of pensions, including its heterogeneity matrix, to simulate the distribution of pension impacts. The withdrawal impact decreases in new retirees of future years until disappearing around the year 2065. We estimate respective impacts of about 31 percent and 37 percent for males and females new self-financed pensions around the year 2022, which goes to about 56 percent among the third of the affiliates with the lowest savings. However, we found that the recent increase in non-contributory pensions more than counteracted this impact for roughly 90 percent of 2022 new retirees. Regarding labor markets shocks, we found only a moderate role for them in the long-term evolution of the pension system, as we also found to be the case of seven Caribbean countries (Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Bahamas and Barbados). As an overall conclusion, we recommend studying contribution rates, because low-salary workers attain a substantial replacement rate with just the non-contributory pension, which casts doubt on whether a mandatory contribution is appropriate for them.