Journal articles: 'Hair fibres'

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Kanwal, Hummaira, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, Tayyaba Latif Mughal, Muhammad Asim, and Reena Majid Memon. "Human Hair as Fiber Reinforced Concrete for Enhancement of Tensile Strength of Concrete." January 2020 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2001.07.

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FRC (Fibre Reinforced Concrete) is fibrous material which increases its structural integrity, resists to explosive spalling in case of environmental affects, improves mix cohesion, improves ductility, reduces of steel reinforcement requirements and reduces the voids due to good stiffness. It contains short discrete fibres that are uniformly distributed. Mostly, natural fibers are the waste material which may have negative impact on environment. Synthetic fibres include steel fibres and glass fibres but natural fibres are coconut fibres and human hair fibres which tends to vary the properties to concrete. In addition, the character of FRC changes with varying concrete, fibre material, geometries, distribution, orientation and densities. Hair fibre concrete gives a practical, cost-effective and convenient method to avoid cracks and deficiencies regarding strength and proper mixing ratio which occurs at a longer period. Fibres have been used to reduce plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage in concrete. In some structural elements, fibrous concrete can be used to reduce the cost of structure. Different fibres are used to improve the tensile strength of concrete. Human hair are strong in tension. Hair fibres can be utilized as a strengthening material. Hair fibre is a non-decay able matter and available at a cheap rate. Experiments have been performed on fibrous concrete cylinders containing various percentages of human hair which is 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% by the weight of cement. A total of seventy-two cylinders have been prepared with FRC having different %ages of hair content. Workability, compressive strength and split tensile strength have been checked at three curing ages i.e. 7, 14 and 28 days. This research will open a new wicket in the horizon of reuse of waste material efficiently in construction industry. This innovation in construction industry will save our natural resources and use fibre in productive and an effective approach.

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Harizi, T., S. Dhouib, S. Msahli, and F. Sakli. "Bleaching Process Investigation of Tunisian Dromedary Hair." ISRN Textiles 2013 (June 4, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/532396.

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Successful bleaching of pigmented fibres was, generally, evaluated by a maximum whiteness, a minimum yellowness, and less damage to the bleached fibers. A review of the literature reveals that many studies on pigmented fibre bleaching are concerned with improving the whiteness and mechanical properties of bleached fibres. In this study, we investigate the effects of the hydrogen peroxide concentration, bleaching time, and clarification bath on the bleaching efficiency of Tunisian dromedary hair. It was showed that 30 min bleaching time gives better result in term of whiteness. However, an increased bleaching time gives an excessive damage to the bleached fibers. Further, the damage incurred by the dromedary hair was more important than that for wool, as is shown by the tenacity results. We found that oxalic acid, which is used for rinsing dromedary hair (after bleaching), provides improved results in term of whiteness obtained with bleaching. Certainly, oxalic acid made it possible to remove the maximum of iron remaining on fibre after bleaching. Bleaching methods demonstrate the excessive damage incurred by the fibre when using hydrogen peroxide particularly with raise concentration. This damage leads to adverse effects on the tenacity fibre.

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Parasakthibala, Ms G., and Mrs A. S. Monisha. "A Review on Natural Fibers; Its Properties and Application Over Synthetic Fibers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46530.

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Abstract: Fibre is a long, thin strand or thread of material made by weaving or knitting threads together. Fibre is a hair like strand of material. A fibre is the smallest visible unit of any textile product. Fibres are flexible and may be spun into yarn and made into fabric. Natural fibres are taken from animals, vegetables or mineral sources. A few examples of widely used natural fibres include animal fibre such as wool and silk vegetables fibres, especially cotton and flax and asbestos, a mineral. Natural fibers are more important part in our human environment. Natural fibers are ecofriendly and inexpensive which are readily available in nature. In this chapter we discuss about the overview of natural fiber and their characteristic. this paper also deals with the impact of natural fibers over the synthetic fibers and also the application of natural fiber in various fields.

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Cloete, Elsabe, Nonhlanhla P. Khumalo, and Malebogo N. Ngoepe. "The what, why and how of curly hair: a review." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2231 (November 2019): 20190516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0516.

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An attempt to understand and explain a peculiarity that was observed for curly fibres during experimentation revealed disparate literature reporting on several key issues. The phenotypical nature of curly fibres is only accurately understood within the larger scope of hair fibres, which are highly complex biological structures. A brief literature search produced thousands of research items. Besides the large amount of information on the topic, there was also great variability in research focus. From our review, it appeared that the complexity of hair biology, combined with the variety of research subtopics, often results in uncertainty when relating different aspects of investigation. During the literature investigation, we systematically categorized elements of curly hair research into three basic topics: essentially asking why fibres curl, what the curly fibre looks like and how the curly fibre behaves. These categories were subsequently formalized into a curvature fibre model that is composed of successive but distinctive tiers comprising the elements in curly hair research. The purpose of this paper is twofold: namely to present (i) a literature review that explores the different aspects of curly human scalp hair and (ii) the curvature fibre model as a systemized approach to investigating curly hair.

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Ibraheem, M., H. Galbraith, and J. R. Scaife. "Comparison of the response of secondary hair follicles of cashmere and angora goats to prolactin and melatonin in vitro." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027628.

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Angora and Cashmere goats produce two distinctive major fibres. The hair coat of the Angora goat consists essentially of a single fleece of Mohair grown by secondary hair follicles with a limited production of guard hair from primary follicles. The average fibre diameter ranges from 22 to 45 urn. In contrast, the Cashmere bearing goat has a double coat comprising coarse guard hair produced by primary follicles with the fine cashmere underhair (preferably 19 μm diameter or less) produced by secondary hair follicles. In the Angora goat, the fibres grow essentially continuously while in cashmere, hair follicle activity is determined largely by seasonal changes in photoperiod. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of prolactin and melatonin, hormones implicated in the photoperiodic response, on the pattern of growth of secondary hair follicles isolated and maintained in vitro.

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Sutradhar, Rumpa, and V. B. Reddy Suda. "Utilization of Human hair fibre to stabilize Black Cotton Soil and Contaminated Soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 982, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/982/1/012048.

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Abstract Land pollution is one of the primary concerns of today. So, conservation of natural resources and utilization of solid waste materials is necessary to deal with the problem of disposal of solid waste. The solid waste can be utilized in the construction and development industries depending on their suitability and attainability. Such a material is human hair fibres which considered as valueless solid waste. These fibres may create environmental problems being non-biodegradable in nature. This paper is focused on utilizing human hair fibre as a stabilizer to modify the properties of soil. It is an analysis to study the influence of Human Hair fibre on the characteristics of black cotton soil and contaminated soil. Human Hair Fibre (natural fibre) is used as a soil strengthening material which can enhance the properties of soil in the field of geotechnical engineering and ground improvement. Human hair fibre is randomly mixed with these soils in the proportion of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% by weight of soil. The properties such as free swell index, specific gravity, index properties and strength were determined and compared with non-reinforced soil. The findings show an enhancement in the properties of soil with the inclusion of human hair fibre.

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Yardy, Lewis, and Amanda Callaghan. "Microplastic and Organic Fibres in Feeding, Growth and Mortality of Gammarus pulex." Environments 8, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8080074.

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Microplastic fibres (MPFs) are a major source of microplastic pollution, most are released during domestic washing of synthetic clothing. Organic microfibres (OMF) are also released into the environment by the same means, with cotton and wool being the most common in the UK. There is little empirical evidence to demonstrate that plastic fibres are more harmful than organic fibres if ingested by freshwater animals such as Gammarus pulex. Using our method of feeding Gammarus MPFs embedded in algal wafers, we compared the ingestion, feeding behaviour and growth of Gammarus exposed to 70 µm sheep wool, 20 µm cotton, 30 µm acrylic wool, and 50 µm or 100 µm human hair, and 30 µm cat hair at a concentration of 3% fibre by mass. Gammarus would not ingest wafers containing human hair, or sheep wool fibres. Given the choice between control wafers and those contaminated with MPF, cat hair or cotton, Gammarus spent less time feeding on MPF but there was no difference in the time spent feeding on OMFs compared to the control. Given a choice between contaminated wafers, Gammarus preferred the OMF to the MPF. There were no significant differences in growth or mortality among any of the treatments. These results conclude that MPFs are less likely to be ingested by Gammarus if alternative food is available and are not more harmful than OMFs.

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Coderch, Luisa, Ritamaria Di Lorenzo, Marika Mussone, Cristina Alonso, and Meritxell Martí. "The Role of Lipids in the Process of Hair Ageing." Cosmetics 9, no. 6 (November 18, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9060124.

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An obvious sign of ageing is the loss of hair colour due to a decrease or lack of melanin in hair fibres. An examination of the lipid levels and structure of grey hair determined using µ–FTIR revealed a high correlation between the characteristics of lipids located in the cuticle and the water dynamics of the fibres. Therefore, a deep study based on external and internal lipid extraction, an analysis using thin layer chromatography coupled to an automated flame ionisation detector, calorimetric analyses and the physico-chemical evaluation of the delipidated fibres were performed. Hairs were evaluated to identify changes in the organisation of these lipids using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and their effect on the water dynamics of the fibres. The primary differences observed for the lipid extracts from white hair compared to brown hair were the lower amount of the internal lipids extracted, which were primarily composed of free fatty acids (FFAs) and ceramides, with a higher content of lower phase transition peaks, indicating increased unsaturated compounds that promote higher fluidity of the lipid bilayers. The virgin white fibres exhibited lower levels of embedded water, with lower binding energies and higher water diffusion, indicating higher permeability. The IR study confirmed the low lipid levels and the greater disorder of white hair. These results may be of interest for cosmetic treatments to which patients with grey hair may be subjected.

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Harland, Duane, Joy Woods, James Vernon, Richard Walls, David Scobie, Jeff Plowman, Charisa Cornellison, et al. "Like Follicle, like Fibre? Diameter and not Follicle Type Correlates with Fibre Ultrastructure." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.88.

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The hair follicles of most mammals are of two types, primary and secondary. Primary follicles develop earlier and have a prominent arrectorpili muscle. Secondary follicles have less prominent muscles and are often clumped, sharing a common opening from which fibres emerge. It is not entirely clear what types of follicles occur in human scalps. Partly this is because human hairs have a uniform appearance, unlike many mammals in which robust primary hairs differ markedly from narrow secondary fibres. Some sheep breeds are an exception because like humans, wool fibres have a similar macro-scale appearance irrespective of follicle type. How deep does this similarity go? Using electron microscopy, we examined wool primary fibres from different breeds and contrasted them to secondary fibres. For fibres of similar diameter, there was no significant difference in the ultrastructure or proportion and distribution of cortex cell types in primary and secondary fibres. We conclude that fibre diameter is the most important fibre parameter with respect to structural differences between fibres, not whether the fibres originate from primary or secondary follicles.

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Lanszki, J., D. Allain, R. G. Thébault, and Zs Szendrö. "The effect of melatonin treatment on fur maturation period and hair follicle cycle in growing chinchillas." Animal Science 75, no. 1 (April 2002): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800052826.

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AbstractThe effect of melatonin treatment on fur maturation period and hair follicle cycle in 4-month-old male and female chinchillas, kept under conditions of natural photoperiod, was studied. The animals were treated with continuous-release implants of melatonin (18 mg, group M, no. = 56), while no treatment was given to the control (group C, no. = 69). The effect on hair follicle activity cycle under conditions of normal hair growth (no. = 8) and after defleecing (no. = 8) and on number of hair fibres per follicle bundle (no. = 27) were measured by taking skin samples for histological examination once a month. The age at fur priming was reduced by 31 days (P < 0001) in the melatonin-treated chinchillas. When moulting began during the short-day period, the fur reached maturity 13 days (P < 005) sooner than when the moult began during the long-day period. Melatonin administration proved to be effective in these two periods. Melatonin treatment led to hair follicle activity decreasing at a faster rate, and the differences between treated and control groups from day 60 were significant (P < 005). The primary and secondary hair follicles reached the telogen phase 30 days earlier. Due to melatonin administration more fibres per follicle bundle were observed on the matured pelt (P < 005). At 4 months of age, following the removal of hair by defleecing, the growth of the first adult hair was studied without the presence of young-age hairs. No influence of defleecing as opposed to normal hair development on age at fur maturation or on the number of fibres per hair follicle bundle was observed. Within groups M and C the number of fibres per hair follicle bundle proved to be independent of age at first fur priming. No substantial differences between the groups were observed with respect to either body weight or pelt length at the time of pelting. According to these results, melatonin administration is effective in shortening the coat maturation period in growing chinchillas and causing corresponding changes in the hair follicle cycle.

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Waghe, Uday Prakashchandra, and Sanjay Padmakar Raut. "Investigations into Synthetic Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.284.

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Fibre is a small piece of reinforcing material described by a numerical parameter, called aspect ratio which is the ratio of its length to its equivalent diameter (l/d). In the Biblical period Romans introduced the concept of “Fibres” in the building material by using the “HORSE HAIR” as the fibrous material and since then the use of fibres was incorporated. Recently, however, the development of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) in various fields has provided a technical basis for improving the deficiencies in mortar and concretes. At hydration stage, water tends to escape through various routes and cracks develop on the surface. These leads to water penetration resulting in dampness and need repainting of walls and other repair. The aim of the present experimental investigation is to study the effect of addition of synthetic fibres on the ultimate strength and behavior of the concrete and mortar. The fibre content (by volume) is the main parameter considered in the study. A combination of a low ratio of conventional fibre reinforcement together with synthetic fibers may provide a practical solution, increasing the strength of the beams without causing congestion of the reinforcement. Fibres in the concrete act as crack arresters and considerably enhance the ductility. In the investigation a total of 240 full-scale specimens with and without fibre contents were casted, and tested to failure under symmetrically applied loads. The fibres volume Vf is vary from 0% to 1.5%. As the test was in progress, the development and propagation of cracks, the load at first crack and the mode of failure was noted. The results were compared to control sample and the viability of adding synthetic fibre to concrete and mortar was verified.

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Bowen, James, Simon A. Johnson, Andrew R. Avery, and Michael J. Adams. "Friction and wear of human hair fibres." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 4, no. 2 (April 15, 2016): 024008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/4/2/024008.

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Thibaut, S., E. De Becker, B. A. Bernard, M. Huart, F. Fiat, N. Baghdadli, G. S. Luengo, et al. "Chronological ageing of human hair keratin fibres." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 32, no. 6 (April 1, 2010): 422–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00570.x.

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Ashcroft, C. M., S. Evans, and I. R. Tebbett. "The persistence of fibres in head hair." Journal of the Forensic Science Society 28, no. 5-6 (September 1988): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-7368(88)72854-6.

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HOLLANDS, R., A. S. CLOUGH, and P. MEREDITH. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING THE SURFACTANT PENETRATION IN HAIR FIBRES USING SCANNING ION BEAM ANALYSES." International Journal of PIXE 09, no. 03n04 (January 1999): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083599000322.

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The penetration abilities of surfactants need to be known by companies manufacturing hair-care products. In this work three complementary techniques were used simultaneously - PIXE, NRA and RBS - to measure the penetration of a surfactant, which had been deuterated, into permed hair fibres. Using a scanning micro-beam of 2MeV 3 He ions 2-dimensional concentration maps were obtained which showed whether the surfactant penetrated the fibre or just stayed on the surface. This is the first report of the use of three simultaneous scattering techniques with a scanning micro-beam.

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Roccia, Maria, Katlein França, David Castillo, Georgi Tchernev, Uwe Wollina, Michael Tirant, Yan Valle, Claudio Guarneri, Massimo Fioranelli, and Torello Lotti. "Artificial Hair: By the Dawn to Automatic Biofibre® Hair Implant." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.001.

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Since the beginning of the twentieth century, there have been attempts at creating artificial hair to treat baldness. Major evolution took place at the end of 1970’s when, unfortunately, artificial hair treatments were applied without appropriate medical controls, resulting in sub-standard results from the use of unsuitable materials and technique. The large improper use of this technique in North America from no medical personnel and with dangerous fibres led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to suspend the procedure in 1983. In Europe, a new trial on artificial hair procedure started at the beginning of 1990’s.In 1995 the European Union (UE) recognised the artificial hair implant as a legitimate medical treatment and outlined the rules related to that procedure. In 1996, biocompatible fibres (Biofibre®) produced by Medicap® Italy were approved by the UE Authorities and by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) as medical devices for hair implant. An effective medical protocol was developed during the following years to provide correct guidelines for appropriate treatment, and to reduce possible related complications. Automatic Biofibre® hair implant represents the last achievement in this hair restoration technique with significant advantages for the patients.

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Rasmussen, Palle V., and Christian F. Børsting. "Effects of variations in dietary protein levels on hair growth and pelt quality in mink (Mustela vison)." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-063.

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The effect of different and shifting dietary protein levels on hair growth and the resulting pelt quality in mink was studied. Two groups of pastel female mink were fed either 59% (high protein, HP) or 40% (low protein, LP) of metabolisable energy (ME) from protein during pregnancy and lactation. Shortly after weaning, kits from females fed the LP diet were put on a new LP diet (21% protein of ME). Kits from females fed HP were randomly distributed to four experimental groups fed a new HP diet (34% protein of ME) and three of these groups were shifted to diets with 21% protein at different times during June until September. Skin biopsies were taken at 4, 6, 23 and, 29 wk of age. Histological techniques and computer-assisted light microscopy were used to determine the ratio of activity (ROA) of underfur and guard hairs, respectively, defined as the number of growing hairs as a percentage of the total number of hairs. The hair fibre length and thickness were determined by morphometric methods and correlated with fur properties of dried pelts judged by sensory methods. It was documented that 40% of ME from protein during pregnancy and lactation was sufficient for mink kits to express their genetic capacity to produce hair follicles. In males, a reduced protein level from the age of 15 wk or 22 wk until pelting disturbed moulting, indicated by a low ROA of underfur hairs at 23 wk, and consequently reduced the growth and development of the winter coat. A constantly low protein level from conception until the age of 29 wk did not disturb moulting, but led to a reduction of primeness and especially of the underfur length and fibre thickness of the winter coat. A low protein level from the age of 9 wk only reduced the thickness of the underfur fibres. Hair growth, final fur volume, and general quality of the winter coat of males were influenced negatively and to the same degree in all groups fed the LP diet in part of the growth period. The number of underfur hairs per area (hair density) of the winter coat was not influenced by the dietary treatment meaning that the protein content of 21% of ME in the LP diet was high enough for the mink to express its genetic capacity to develop hair follicles. However, this low protein content led to a reduction of hair fibre length and hair fibre thickness of the underfur. Overall, this study demonstrated that hair growth and hair properties in pelts are very dependent on the dietary protein supply in the period from 22 wk of age until pelting, irrespective of the supply in the preceding periods. Key words: Fur properties, hair fibres, nutrition, pelage, protein requirement

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McDonald, BJ, WA Hoey, and PS Hopkins. "Cyclical fleece growth in cashmere goats." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 3 (1987): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870597.

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Seasonal changes in fleece parameters were studied in mature feral doe goats, known to produce commercial quantities of cashmere and housed in natural light (NL) or continuous light (CL).Circannual changes in volume growth rate (VGR) of cashmere in NL were asynchronous with those of hair, resulting in maxima in April and November respectively, indicating that follicle-specific mechanisms are controlling the rate of follicle activities.Cycles of cumulative length of cashmere and hair in NL were synchronous. Cashmere maxima of 64.0 and 62.3 mm occurred in June and July respectively for two consecutive years. Distinct circannual cycles of linear growth (period, 365 days) were evident. While exposure to CL initially reduced the cycle period, after 2 years an extended cycle period emerged; this may have been due to photodesensitization.In NL, cashmere fibre diameter minima occurred at June-July and February each year. Hair fibres underwent only one cycle of diameter change each year. The period of the cycles was reduced by CL.An annual cycle of cashmere brush end fibre formation was apparent in NL. This cycle was associated with the cessation of growth in June-July, and a subsidiary event occurred between December and March. Continuous light accelerated brush end formation.Cyclic fibre shedding produced a circannual rhythm in fleece composition with maximum cashmere: hair ratio (CHR) in April-May in non-breeding goats. The maximum CHR of 5.9: 1 in NL did not reach its potential, as illustrated by the follicle S:P ratio of 6.9:1 in the skin. This suggests an irreversible loss of cashmere fibres from the fleece following the cycle of brush end formation in February.The maximum mean length of cashmere and time of occurrence were similar in grazing and penned does, although grazing does were only sampled in 4 months of one year.

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Kokodii, Mykola, Anastasia Natarova, Ivan Priz, and Oksana Biesova. "Express method for measuring the refractive index of transparent fibres." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.3.2022.269771.

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An express method for measuring the refractive index, which is one of the main optical parameters of transparent fibres, is suggested. The method uses focusing properties of a cylindrical lens, which such a fibre is. The possibility to accurately measure such characteristics of optical fibres as the shell and core diameters, numerical aperture, refractive index profile, loss, and dispersion is equally important for fibre manufacturers and designers of optical communication systems who should choose the fibre that meets their requirements best. Almost all measurement methods use the refraction of light rays at the interface between the media. To do this, one should make samples of given shape and size, which are individual for each measuring instrument. The suggested method takes into account the fact that when light strikes upon a refractive cylinder (glass rod, fibreglass), the focusing occurs perpendicular to its axis with a focal region where light rays converge. Behind this region, the rays diverge again. The position of the focal region is determined by the refractive index of the cylinder. It can be inside the cylinder, outside it, or on the surface of the cylinder. During the observation of the fibre using a microscope, one can see that the light, which has passed through the fibre, forms a bright band on its backside against a dark background. The bandwidth depends on the refractive index of the fibre. The calculations using the methods of geometric optics were carried out. These methods may be applied over a wide range of fibre diameters. Using strict formulas of diffraction theory, the distribution of radiation energy in the fibre and its vicinity was calculated. A digital analysis of the resulting pattern was carried out. The results of the analysis coincided with the results obtained using the methods of geometric optics. An algorithm for determining the refractive index was worked out. The measurements of the refractive indices of artificial and natural fibres like fibreglass, webs and human hair (blonde-haired person, brown-haired person, grey hair) were provided.

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Hrincă, G. H., and G. Vicovan. "Association of phenotypic combinations Hb/K with qualitative features of lamb pelts in the Botosani Karakul sheep." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 4 (2011): 1451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1104451h.

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The specific production of the sheep belonging to the Botosani Karakul breed is the one of lamb pelts, characterized by various qualitative features (shape and size of hair curls, quality, lustre and colour of hair fibres), conferring nobility to this breed and which distinguish it from other sheep breeds. The present study tries an associative analysis of these traits of lamb pelts with different combinations between haemoglobin phenotypes and potassium phenotypes. The most valuable features, concerning shape and size of hair curls, as well as the quality and lustre of hair fibres are associated with combination of phenotypes Hband HK, and the weakest association of these features occur with the phenotypic combination HbBB/LK. The greyish, brown, grey, pink and white colours of the hair fibres are more associated with phenotypic combination HBB/LK, and the lowest frequencies of these colours are found in phenotype Hbassociated with phenotype HK, but this last phenotypic combination is associated to the highest degree with the black colour. The differences among the empirical distributions of qualitative features of the lamb pelts in relation to all phenotypic combinations of the haemoglobin and potassium systems are very significant, fact that recommends the use of these two biochemical genetic systems for the improvement of the Botosani Karakul breed for the lamb pelt production.

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Palmer, R., and M. Banks. "The secondary transfer of fibres from head hair." Science & Justice 45, no. 3 (July 2005): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(05)71645-2.

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Cook, R., M. T. Webb-Salter, and L. Marshall. "The significance of fibres found in head hair." Forensic Science International 87, no. 2 (June 1997): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(97)00054-6.

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Mishra, Shubham, Chandrakala Kunchi, Karthik Venkateshan, Ravi C. Gundakaram, and R. B. Adusumalli. "Nanoindentaion and tensile testing of human hair fibres." Journal of Materials Science 51, no. 22 (July 27, 2016): 10191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0246-4.

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Zhou, Huitong, Hua Gong, Jiqing Wang, Yuzhu Luo, Shaobin Li, Jinzhong Tao, and Jonathan G. H. Hickford. "The Complexity of the Ovine and Caprine Keratin-Associated Protein Genes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 12838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312838.

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Sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus) have, for more than a millennia, been a source of fibres for human use, be it for use in clothing and furnishings, for insulation, for decorative and ceremonial purposes, or for combinations thereof. While use of these natural fibres has in some respects been superseded by the use of synthetic and plant-based fibres, increased accounting for the carbon and water footprint of these fibres is creating a re-emergence of interest in fibres derived from sheep and goats. The keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are structural components of wool and hair fibres, where they form a matrix that cross-links with the keratin intermediate filaments (KIFs), the other main structural component of the fibres. Since the first report of a complete KAP protein sequence in the late 1960s, considerable effort has been made to identify the KAP proteins and their genes in mammals, and to ascertain how these genes and proteins control fibre growth and characteristics. This effort is ongoing, with more and more being understood about the structure and function of the genes. This review consolidates that knowledge and suggests future directions for research to further our understanding.

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Fleet, MR, DH Smith, and JE Stafford. "Comparison between Merino sheep homozygous (WW) or heterozygous (Ww) for white fleece on the incidence of isolated pigmented wool fibres and types of non-fleece pigmentation." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (1989): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890445.

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Merino sheep known to be homozygous (WW) or heterozygous (Ww) for white fleece were examined for isolated pigmented fibres and various types of non-fleece pigmentation on the adult sheep or pigmented halo-hair on the birth coat.There was no significant difference (P>0-05) between WW and Ww sheep in the occurrence of isolated pigmented fibres. Nevertheless, 17% of the fleece samples contained varying concentrations of pigmented fibres; up to 510 per 10 g scoured staples. Of the various types of macroscopic pigmentation recorded, the scores for pigmented halo-hair (lamb) and pigmented fibres on the horn sites (adult) were the most strongly correlated (r= 0.39 and 0.30, respectively; P<0.001) to the concentration of pigmented fibres in fleece samples. Heterozygous sheep had slightly more black/grey pigmentation for bare skin areas on the nose lips and around eyes ( P< 0.001) or under tail (P<0.05) and in the hooves (P<0.05) than WW sheep, but these differences arc unlikely to be of practical relevance.

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GUMMER, C. L. "Bubble hair: a cosmetic abnormality caused by brief, focal heating of damp hair fibres." British Journal of Dermatology 131, no. 6 (December 1994): 901–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08599.x.

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Pedergnana, Matthieu, and Soofia Tahira Elias Ozkan. "Hygro-Thermal, Hydric, and Mechanical Properties of Fibre and Aggregate-Reinforced Earth Plasters." International Journal of Digital Innovation in the Built Environment 10, no. 2 (July 2021): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdibe.2021070103.

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Earth plasters have been used as a protective coating for buildings but, due to their low strength and low resistance to weather conditions, they have been abandoned for more resistant materials which in return lack vapour permeability. Earth plasters have usually a high moisture sorption rate, and their water vapour permeability is high, allowing the transfer of humidity through the material. These properties make them an interesting material for controlling vapour movement in humid rooms. Improving their strength can be done by adding aggregates and/or fibres, but the real impact of using one type or another of fibres or aggregate is unknown. This research aims to understand the consequence of the choice of fibre or sand in the improvement of strength of plasters and the conservation of the plaster hygro-thermal properties. Properties of plasters using alternative fibres or aggregates such as wool, cow hair, pine needles, sand aimed for concrete mixes, or not properly graded sand have been compared to plasters made more traditionally with chaff fibres and mason sand.

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Alomaja, Jonathan, Alao Jimoh, Uwemedimo Wilson, Oluwatoyin Joseph, Monsuru Akinleye, and Joseph Adeleke. "Development of Guinea Corn Husk-Cow Hair Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Cement Composite." Journal of Building Materials and Structures 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v8i2.1333.

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This research work presents the application of guinea corn husk (GCH) and cow hair (CH) fibres as reinforcement in cement composite. The influence of the hybrid fibre volume on the flexural performance of the composite has been studied experimentally. The mechanical (flexural strength) and physical (density, water absorptivity, moisture content) characteristics of the GCH-CH hybrid fibre reinforced composite were evaluated. The highest flexural strength was 22.37MPa, exhibited by the composite reinforced with 15% (12.5% GCH & 2.5% CH) hybrid fibre. The density of the GCH-CH hybrid composite ranged from 1019 to 1963 kg/m3. The water absorptivity varied from 22.59 to 38.16% and the moisture content ranged from 3.32 to 11.28%. These limits are within the range in standard therefore, the performance of the composite satisfies the requirements of BS EN 12467 standard for ceiling board.

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29

Palmer, R., and S. Oliver. "The population of coloured fibres in human head hair." Science & Justice 44, no. 2 (April 2004): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(04)71693-7.

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Jones, L. N., T. J. Horr, and I. J. Kaplin. "Formation of surface membranes in developing mammalian hair fibres." Micron 25, no. 6 (January 1994): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-4328(94)90021-3.

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31

Tonetti, Cinzia, Claudia Vineis, Annalisa Aluigi, and Claudio Tonin. "Immunological method for the identification of animal hair fibres." Textile Research Journal 82, no. 8 (January 16, 2012): 766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511433146.

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32

Jahoda, C. A. "Induction of follicle formation and hair growth by vibrissa dermal papillae implanted into rat ear wounds: vibrissa-type fibres are specified." Development 115, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 1103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.115.4.1103.

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Adult vibrissa follicle dermal papillae have the capacity to induce hair growth and follicle formation when associated with epidermis from various sources. However, the range of conditions under which hair follicle induction will take place has not been established. The question of whether or not the adult papilla carries information to impose fibre-type specificity has also not been fully answered. This study describes how the implantation of isolated papillae into small incisional cuts on the rat ear pinna resulted in the subsequent emergence of abnormally large hair fibres from the wound sites. Many of these hairs were found to display vibrissa-type characteristics. Histological observations indicated that the papillae had interacted with the edges of the wound epidermis to produce new, and particularly large follicles, while immunohistochemical staining revealed that early follicle construction was accompanied by a profusion of the basement membrane constituents laminin and type IV collagen in the subjacent dermis. These findings show that adult rat papillae retain the capacity, as displayed by embryonic dermis, to determine vibrissa specificity in induced follicles.

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Sargsyan, L., V. Vill, and T. Hippe. "Investigations of vegetable tannins as hair dyes and their interactions with pre‐bleached hair fibres." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 42, no. 4 (July 8, 2020): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12624.

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34

Mamani-Cato, Ruben Herberht, Eduardo Narciso Frank, Alejandro Prieto, Maria Flavia Castillo, Nicoll Condori-Rojas, and Michel Victor Hubert Hick. "Effect of Fibre Diameter, Prickle Factor and Coarse Fibre Bias on Yarn Surface Hairiness in South American Camelids (SAC) Fibre." Fibers 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10020018.

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It is well known that objectionable fibres emerge from the surface of the yarn due to the centrifugal force of the spinning device. Furthermore, the hair removal process is based on the same physical principles. However, the fibres that are >30 µm (PcF) are the fibres that appear in the hairiness of the yarn and are eliminated by dehairing. It has always been presumed that the PcF was linearly correlated with the diameter of the fibre (MFD) in llamas, but not so in alpaca fibres. Nevertheless, there is evidence that this relationship is curvilinear and behaves the same way in both species. The objectives of this study are to explore the relationship between MFD and PcF in both llamas and alpacas, to explore the existence of a breaking point (BP) in this curvilinear relationship, and to determine the frequency of fleeces that do not require dehairing because the PcF ≤ 3.2%. In addition, the existence of a positive bias of coarse fibre content on the hairy surface (CFs) of the yarn to coarse fibre content within the yarn fibres (CFy) was determined, which may explain the effect of the dehairing on the prickle factor of SAC fibres. The relationship of PcF on MFD behaves the same way in alpacas and llamas. It conforms to a power distribution and presents a BP of 23 µm, with PcF being constant before the BP and increasing significantly after it. Most animals (≤91% of alpacas and ≤87% of llamas) are above the threshold (≤3.2%), requiring dehairing to correct it. By means of a shaving technique on the surface of the fabric sample, it was established that the objectionable CFs content is 8.15% higher than the objectionable CFy content. In the evoked-coarse fibre in the dehaired samples, a CFs-CFy difference below 5.9% (p > 0.05) is not significantly detected by panellists. The surface MFD is more than 2.7 µm coarser than the yarn MFD.

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35

Kros, Corné. "Good vibrations: Music and the single hair cell." Biochemist 24, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02406012.

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors in the inner ear, and the hair bundles that protrude from their upper surfaces transduce mechanical stimuli into electrical responses. This article examines the key molecules involved in the different stages of sound processing within these extraordinarily sensitive and intricate cells, from the reception of the sound stimulus to the release of neurotransmitters on to the auditory nerve fibres that signal to the brain that a sound has been received.

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36

Salter, M. T., and R. Cook. "Transfer of fibres to head hair, their persistence and retrieval." Forensic Science International 81, no. 2-3 (August 1996): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(96)01959-7.

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37

Plowman, Jeffrey E., Duane P. Harland, David R. Scobie, Denis O’Connell, Ancy Thomas, Peter H. Brorens, Marina Richena, et al. "Differences between ultrastructure and protein composition in straight hair fibres." Zoology 133 (April 2019): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2019.01.002.

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38

Tonetti, C., A. Varesano, C. Vineis, and G. Mazzuchetti. "Differential scanning calorimetry for the identification of animal hair fibres." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 119, no. 2 (November 1, 2014): 1445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-4247-8.

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39

Soomro, Asfia, Richard J. Alsop, Atsuko Negishi, Laurent Kreplak, Douglas Fudge, Edward R. Kuczmarski, Robert D. Goldman, and Maikel C. Rheinstädter. "Giant axonal neuropathy alters the structure of keratin intermediate filaments in human hair." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 129 (April 2017): 20170123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0123.

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Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) follows an autosomal recessive genetic inheritance and impedes the peripheral and central nervous system due to axonal swellings that are packed with neurofilaments. The patients display a number of phenotypes, including hypotonia, muscle weakness, decreased reflexes, ataxia, seizures, intellectual disability, pale skin and often curled hair. We used X-ray diffraction and tensile testing to determine potential changes to the structure of keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) in the hair of patients with GAN. A statistically significant decrease in the 47 and the 27 Å diffraction signals were observed. Tensile tests determined that the hair was slightly stiffer, stronger and more extensible in GAN patients. These results suggest that the structure of keratin IFs in hair is altered in GAN, and the findings are compatible with an increased positional disorder of the keratin tetramers within the hair fibres.

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40

Schimmang, T., L. Minichiello, E. Vazquez, I. San Jose, F. Giraldez, R. Klein, and J. Represa. "Developing inner ear sensory neurons require TrkB and TrkC receptors for innervation of their peripheral targets." Development 121, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 3381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.10.3381.

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The trkB and trkC genes are expressed during the formation of the vestibular and auditory system. To elucidate the function of trkB and trkC during this process, we have analysed mice carrying a germline mutation in the tyrosine kinase catalytic domain of these genes. Neuroanatomical analysis of homozygous mutant mice revealed neuronal deficiencies in the vestibular and cochlear ganglia. In trkB (−/−) animals vestibular neurons and a subset of cochlear neurons responsible for the innervation of outer hair cells were drastically reduced. The peripheral targets of the respective neurons showed severe innervation defects. A comparative analysis of ganglia from trkC (−/−) mutants revealed a moderate reduction of vestibular neurons and a specific loss of cochlear neurons innervating inner hair cells. No nerve fibres were detected in the sensory epithelium containing inner hair cells. A developmental study of trkB (−/−) and trkC (−/−) mice showed that some vestibular and cochlear fibres initially reached their peripheral targets but failed to maintain innervation and degenerated. TrkB and TrkC receptors are therefore required for the survival of specific neuronal populations and the maintenance of target innervation in the peripheral sensory system of the inner ear.

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41

Lynch, P., and A. J. F. Russel. "The Endocrine control of fibre growth and shedding in cashmere goats." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010473.

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The coat of the cashmere goat consists of two types of fibre, a coarse outer coat of guard hair produced by the primary skin follicles and a fine undercoat of cashmere (˂18.5 microns diameter) produced by the secondary follicles. In the spring both the primary and secondary follicles shed their fibres and a sparse coat of mainly guard hair is maintained over the summer. Many temperate mammalian species display photoperiodically regulated changes in the pelage which alter the insulating properties of the coat and prepare the animal for large variations in ambient temperature. The timing of the moult can be manipulated by changes in photoperiod (Allain et al, 1986) or treatment with melatonin or prolactin. Smith et al (1987) demonstrated that melatonin treatment from August in the male Blue-fox prevented both the onset of the moult and the spring rise in prolactin. In the Djungarian hamster prolactin treatment induced the spring moult and the suppression of prolactin by bromoergocriptine inhibited the moult (Duncan and Goldman, 1984).

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42

Li, W., H. Gong, H. Zhou, J. Wang, X. Liu, S. Li, Y. Luo, and J. G. H. Hickford. "Variation in the ovine keratin-associated protein 15-1 gene affects wool yield." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 7 (September 2018): 922–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000953.

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AbstractKeratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are constituents of wool and hair fibres and are believed to play an important role in determining the characteristics of the fibres. In the current study, a polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) approach was used to screen for variation in the ovine KAP15-1 gene (KRTAP15-1). Four PCR-SSCP banding patterns, representing four different variants (named A to D), were detected. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms were found within the coding region and three of these were non-synonymous. The effect of this genetic variation on wool traits was investigated in 396 Merino × Southdown-cross sheep. Of the three variants found in these sheep (A, B and C), the presence of B was found to be associated with decreased wool yield, while C was associated with increased wool yield and decreased fibre diameter standard deviation. Sheep of genotype AC had a higher wool yield than those of genotype AA or AB.

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43

Kaplan, P. D., T. Polefka, G. Grove, S. Daly, L. Jumbelic, D. Harper, M. Nori, T. Evans, R. Ramaprasad, and R. Bianchini. "Grey hair: clinical investigation into changes in hair fibres with loss of pigmentation in a photoprotected population." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 33, no. 2 (February 21, 2011): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00614.x.

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44

Bian, Yixiang, and Rongrong Liu. "Fabrication of a biomimetic piezoelectric polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) fibre with a metal core and its application in vibration sensors." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 1 (May 23, 2016): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331216649020.

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The fabrication is described of a vibration sensor based on the structure of the sensitive hair of some insects. The biomimetic hair has a metal core wrapped with a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) layer. Two surface electrodes were coated on the PVDF surface of the fibre. A single SMPF (symmetric electrodes of metal core piezoelectric fibre) pasted on a matrix can be used as a vibration sensor. We propose a theoretical model describing the cantilever beam structure of the vibration sensor. The SMPF can detect both vibration amplitude and direction of the matrix. It can also detect the matrix harmonic excitation frequency and amplitude. We prepared PVDF fibres with metal cores (diameter: 230 µm) with the mould drawing method and used the surface electrodes and the metal core to polarize the PVDF layer. When the SMPF is used as a sensor, we only use the output signal of the two surface electrodes. Our experiments indicate that the SMPF can detect both vibration amplitude and direction of the matrix as well as the harmonic excitation frequency and the vibration direction. Our experimental results are consistent with the theoretical considerations.

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BUSTARD, H. K., and R. W. SMITH. "Studies of factors affecting light scattering by individual human hair fibres." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 12, no. 3 (June 1990): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1990.tb00527.x.

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46

Carroll, Brendan Joseph. "Droplet formation and contact angles of liquids on mammalian hair fibres." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 85, no. 11 (1989): 3853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f19898503853.

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47

Zhuang, K., X. Ran, and Y. Ran. "Cover Image: Trichophyton violaceum destroys hair keratin fibres in tinea capitis." British Journal of Dermatology 177, no. 6 (December 2017): 1767–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15984.

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48

Kajiura, Yoshio, Shunichi Watanabe, Takashi Itou, Koichi Nakamura, Atsuo Iida, Katsuaki Inoue, Naoto Yagi, Yuya Shinohara, and Yoshiyuki Amemiya. "Structural analysis of human hair single fibres by scanning microbeam SAXS." Journal of Structural Biology 155, no. 3 (September 2006): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2006.04.008.

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49

Mohan, Narayana H., Sanjoy Debnath, Ram K. Mahapatra, Laxmi K. Nayak, Samprity Baruah, Anubrata Das, Santanu Banik, and Madan K. Tamuli. "Tensile properties of hair fibres obtained from different breeds of pigs." Biosystems Engineering 119 (March 2014): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.01.003.

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50

Millington, K. R. "Anomalous fluorescence of white hair compared to other unpigmented keratin fibres." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 42, no. 3 (May 10, 2020): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12614.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hair fibres'

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