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Journal articles on the topic 'HAIR BLEACHING'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Harizi, T., S. Dhouib, S. Msahli, and F. Sakli. "Bleaching Process Investigation of Tunisian Dromedary Hair." ISRN Textiles 2013 (June 4, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/532396.

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Successful bleaching of pigmented fibres was, generally, evaluated by a maximum whiteness, a minimum yellowness, and less damage to the bleached fibers. A review of the literature reveals that many studies on pigmented fibre bleaching are concerned with improving the whiteness and mechanical properties of bleached fibres. In this study, we investigate the effects of the hydrogen peroxide concentration, bleaching time, and clarification bath on the bleaching efficiency of Tunisian dromedary hair. It was showed that 30 min bleaching time gives better result in term of whiteness. However, an increased bleaching time gives an excessive damage to the bleached fibers. Further, the damage incurred by the dromedary hair was more important than that for wool, as is shown by the tenacity results. We found that oxalic acid, which is used for rinsing dromedary hair (after bleaching), provides improved results in term of whiteness obtained with bleaching. Certainly, oxalic acid made it possible to remove the maximum of iron remaining on fibre after bleaching. Bleaching methods demonstrate the excessive damage incurred by the fibre when using hydrogen peroxide particularly with raise concentration. This damage leads to adverse effects on the tenacity fibre.

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2

JEONG, Mi-Sook, Chang-Moon LEE, Won-Ji JEONG, Seong-Jin KIM, and Ki-Young LEE. "Significant damage of the skin and hair following hair bleaching." Journal of Dermatology 37, no. 10 (June 1, 2010): 882–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00916.x.

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3

Tiampasook, Pratya, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Thanaroat Timudom, and Duangporn Nacapunchai. "Effect of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. on Tensile Strength of Virgin and Bleached Hairs." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 6305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186305.

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In Ayurveda medicine, Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (emblica) has been used as a hair nourisher for more than a decade by soaking it overnight, but no study has proved the effect of emblica on hair. This research aims to determine the effect of emblica solution on the tensile strength of three types of hair: virgin hair (VH), bleached hair (BH), and twice bleached hair (TH). The investigated active substances were deionized water (DI water) as a control, 3% emblica extract solution (3% EXS), 6% emblica extract solution (6% EXS), and 9% emblica extract solution (9% EXS). Black Virgin Asian hair was measured and analyzed before bleaching with a 12% bleaching agent once (BH) and twice (TH). Three treatments and the control were applied to each type of hair under a controlled condition. The tensile characteristics and surface morphology of all treated hairs were measured and analyzed by texture analysis (TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer, Stable Micro Systems), Aramo (Aramo-SG Skin & Hair analysis system), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM model JSM-5410LV JEOL). The results of the nanoindentation test proved that the tensile strength and extensibility of all three types of hair increased in all concentrations (DI water, 3% EXS, 6% EXS, and 9% EXS). High magnification SEM images were taken from the cuticle surfaces and cross-sections. Emblica extracted solution (EXS) formed a coating around the hair, especially cuticle damaged by bleaching (BH and TH). The breaking pattern from the cross-section images showed that emblica extract solution reinforced all hair types. In conclusion, the emblica extract solution has a significant positive effect on the tensile strength and extensibility of VH, BH, and TH. The result has proved the ancient intelligence that the emblica nourishes the hair. In addition, our results show additional benefit by strengthening virgin hair and bleached hair.

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4

Wang, Yun Li, Dan Sheng, Xiong Wei Xia, Qian Wei Zhao, and Wei Lin Xu. "Study on Bleaching Properties of Dark Chicken Feather." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.709.

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Chicken feather have many excellent properties, unfortunately, the dark color affects its wide applications. In this study, the three stage bleaching process was used to bleach the dark chicken feather. The effects of the key chemicals on bleaching properties were discussed, and the change of the fine hair whiteness and strength before and after bleaching were investigated. It provides a sound theoretical basis for people understanding and studying the bleaching properties of chicken feather.

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5

Cirimele, V., P. Kintz, and P. Mangin. "Drug Concentrations in Human Hair after Bleaching." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 19, no. 5 (September 1, 1995): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/19.5.331.

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6

Contreras, Fernando, Alexei Ermolenkov, and Dmitry Kurouski. "Infrared analysis of hair dyeing and bleaching history." Analytical Methods 12, no. 29 (2020): 3741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay01068e.

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7

Kim, Hee-Jeong, Joung-Hee Kim, and Yong-Kweon Cho. "The Effect of Improving Demaged Hair by Bleaching Treatment with Adansonia digitata Seed Oil." Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology 29, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52660/jksc.2023.29.1.218.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of <i>Adansonia digitata</i> seed oil on hair damaged by bleaching. Experimental materials were prepared by treating damaged hair that had been bleached 3 times in the following 4 ways. 1) Treatment base (T0), 2) 3% <i>Adansonia digitata</i> seed oil treatment (T3), 3) 7% <i>Adansonia digitata</i> seed oil treatment (T7), 4) 3% silicone oil treatment (S3). The effect analysis before and after treatment of bleached hair was carried out in the following way. First, to measure the damaged hair, that is, to measure the porosity, the hair to be damaged was placed in a methylene blue solution. Second, to test the dynamic properties of hair, tensile strength and yield strength were measured. Finally, to observe the changes in the morphological structure of the hair surface, electric field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images were employed. The absorbance measurement using methylene blue showed a decrease in the average in hairs dyed with 3% and 7% of <i>Adansonia digitata</i> seed oil, indicating that there was a hair improvement effect in hairs dyed with <i>Adansonia digitata</i> seed oil. As a result of studying whether the hair bleached containing <i>Adansonia digitata seed</i> oil has the effect of improving hair quality, the absorption strength decreased and the tensile strength increased. In addition, absorbance measurement, gloss measurement, and FE-SEM experiments were conducted. As a result, It was confirmed that there is an effect of improving hair quality in terms of the constant arrangement of cuticles on the hair surface and increasing the gloss of the hair. It was found that <i>Adansonia digitata</i> seed oil, a natural ingredient, has a high effect on improving hair quality of dyed hair in order to minimize damage to bleached hair. As a result of this research, it is expected that various products will be developed using <i>Adansonia digitata</i> seed oil.

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8

Yuen, C. W. M., C. W. Kan, K. W. Lau, and Y. L. Chow. "Effect of different human hair bleaching conditions on the hair coloration with hair boosting shampoo as colorant." Fibers and Polymers 10, no. 5 (October 2009): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-010-0709-1.

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9

Shin, Seung-Yeop, Hae-Won Chung, Na-Won Hwang, and Hee-Jong Hwang. "Effects of Bleaching Conditions on the Properties of Hair." Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles 36, no. 8 (August 31, 2012): 875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5850/jksct.2012.36.8.875.

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10

Khishigsuren, Ariyajavin, Masaru Nakajima, and Masaoki Takahashi. "Effects of Ferrous Mordanting on Bleaching of Camel Hair." Textile Research Journal 71, no. 6 (June 2001): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750107100604.

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11

Lee, Seung Ho, Oh Sang Kwon, Jun Kyu Oh, Won Seok Park, Sang Eun Moon, and Hee Chul Eun. "Bleaching Phototrichogram: An Improved Method for Hair Growth Assessment." Journal of Dermatology 32, no. 10 (October 2005): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00845.x.

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12

Yegles, M., Y. Marson, and R. Wennig. "Influence of bleaching on stability of benzodiazepines in hair." Forensic Science International 107, no. 1-3 (January 2000): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00152-8.

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13

He, XinYu, Ji Fen Wang, and Yanyan Wang. "Influence of cosmetic hair treatments on hair of methamphetamine abuser: Bleaching, perming and coloring." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 222 (October 2021): 112542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112542.

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14

Van Elsué, Nicolas, and Michel Yegles. "Influence of cosmetic hair treatments on cannabinoids in hair: Bleaching, perming and permanent coloring." Forensic Science International 297 (April 2019): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.030.

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15

Cheng, S. Y., C. W. M. Yuen, C. W. Kan, and K. K. L. Cheuk. "Analysis of Keratin Fibre Damage under Various Surface Treatment Conditions." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-12-01-2008-b007.

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This paper investigates the effect of three different treatments, namely (i) sunlight exposures, (ii) bleaching and (iii) perming on the damage of the keratin fibres (with the use of human hair). Scanning electron microscopy was applied to examine the surface morphology of the samples. Hair samples appeared to be rougher and their scales diminished after the treatments. The degree of colour change of samples was measured using a diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer. All three different treatments caused a certain degree of colour change on the samples. Urea bisulphite solubility test was also employed to investigate the alkaline damage of samples.The results illustrated that the urea bisulphite solubility of samples conformably decreased when they were subject to these three types of treatments. With respect to the tensile strength property, the results indicate that the breaking load of treated samples decreased dramatically after undergoing three different types of treatments. On evaluating the test results, it was concluded that the bleaching process imparted the most severe damages to hair. The results of the different test methods were evaluated and discussed.

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16

Man, Qiaoyue, Lintong Zhang, and Youngim Cho. "Efficient Hair Damage Detection Using SEM Images Based on Convolutional Neural Network." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 7333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167333.

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With increasing interest in hairstyles and hair color, bleaching, dyeing, straightening, and curling hair is being widely used worldwide, and the chemical and physical treatment of hair is also increasing. As a result, hair has suffered a lot of damage, and the degree of damage to hair has been measured only by the naked eye or touch. This has led to serious consequences, such as hair damage and scalp diseases. However, although these problems are serious, there is little research on hair damage. With the advancement of technology, people began to be interested in preventing and reversing hair damage. Manual observation methods cannot accurately and quickly identify hair damage areas. In recent years, with the rise of artificial intelligence technology, a large number of applications in various scenarios have given researchers new methods. In the project, we created a new hair damage data set based on SEM (scanning electron microscope) images. Through various physical and chemical analyses, we observe the changes in the hair surface according to the degree of hair damage, found the relationship between them, used a convolutional neural network to recognize and confirm the degree of hair damage, and categorized the degree of damage into weak damage, moderate damage and high damage.

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17

Qu, Wenjie, Xueping Guo, Guixin Xu, Songyan Zou, Yuwen Wu, Chenyu Hu, Kuan Chang, and Jing Wang. "Improving the Mechanical Properties of Damaged Hair Using Low-Molecular Weight Hyaluronate." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 7701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227701.

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Chemical treatments of hair such as dyeing, perming and bleaching could cause mechanical damage to the hair, which weakens the hair fibers and makes the hair break more easily. In this work, hyaluronate (HA) with different molecular weight (MW) was investigated for its effects on restoring the mechanical properties of damaged hair. It was found that low-MW HA (average MW~42 k) could significantly improve the mechanical properties, specifically the elastic modulus, of overbleached hair. The fluorescent-labeling experiments verified that the low-MW HA was able to penetrate into the cortex of the hair fiber, while high-MW HA was hindered. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) results implied the formation of additional intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the HA-treated hair. Thermos gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the HA-treated hair exhibited decreased content of loosely bonded water, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterizations suggested stronger water bonding inside the HA-treated hair, which could alleviate the weakening effect of loosely bonded water on the hydrogen bond networks within keratin. Therefore, the improved elastic modulus and mechanical strength of the HA-treated hair could be attributed to the enhanced formation of hydrogen bond networks within keratin. This study illustrates the capability of low-MW HA in hair damage repair, implying an enormous potential for other moisturizers to be used in hair care products.

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18

Lim, Sun-Nye, and Chang-Nam Choi. "Damage of Hair according to the Bleaching Condition after Permanent Setting." Textile Coloration and Finishing 24, no. 1 (March 27, 2012): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5764/tcf.2012.24.1.27.

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19

Di Foggia, Michele, Carla Boga, Gabriele Micheletti, Benedetta Nocentini, and Paola Taddei. "Vibrational Raman and IR data on brown hair subjected to bleaching." Data in Brief 38 (October 2021): 107439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107439.

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20

Xia, Liangjun, Chunhua Zhang, Wenfang Xu, Kundi Zhu, Aming Wang, Ye Tian, Yunli Wang, and Weilin Xu. "Protective Bleaching of Camel Hair in a Neutral Ethanol–Water System." Polymers 10, no. 7 (July 3, 2018): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10070730.

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21

전동렬 and 강선영. "Standing Wave Study of How Bleaching Affects Elasticity of Human Hair." School Science Journal 6, no. 3 (October 2012): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15737/ssj.6.3.201210.178.

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22

Dyer, J. M., F. Bell, H. Koehn, J. A. Vernon, C. D. Cornellison, S. Clerens, and D. P. Harland. "Redox proteomic evaluation of bleaching and alkali damage in human hair." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 35, no. 6 (July 22, 2013): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12076.

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23

Wang, Haona, Li Kong, Honghui Xia, Jie Min Huang, Bo Deng, and Heng Pan. "Effects of age on the structure and bleaching/dyeing behaviour of hair." Coloration Technology 137, no. 3 (January 19, 2021): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cote.12525.

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24

Inoue, Takafumi, Mayumi Ito, and Kenji Kizawa. "Characterization of Eluted Proteins from Hair Fiber under Permanent Waving or Bleaching." Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan 35, no. 3 (2001): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5107/sccj.35.3_237.

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25

Richena, M., M. Silveira, C. A. Rezende, and I. Joekes. "Yellowing and bleaching of grey hair caused by photo and thermal degradation." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 138 (September 2014): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.05.017.

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26

Morini, Luca, Alessandra Zucchella, Aldo Polettini, Lucia Politi, and Angelo Groppi. "Effect of bleaching on ethyl glucuronide in hair: An in vitro experiment." Forensic Science International 198, no. 1-3 (May 2010): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.11.005.

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27

Tomita, Yuuki, Minori Ishikawa, and Shoji Takigami. "Effects of Permanent Waving and Bleaching Treatments on Damage of Human Hair." Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan 33, no. 4 (2008): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14723/tmrsj.33.865.

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28

Hougaard, Majken G., Torkil Menné, and Heidi Søsted. "Occupational Eczema and Asthma in a Hairdresser Caused by Hair-Bleaching Products." Dermatitis 23, no. 6 (2012): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/der.0b013e318275968c.

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29

Cruz, María-Jesús, Vanessa De Vooght, Xavier Muñoz, Peter H. M. Hoet, Ferran Morell, Benoit Nemery, and J. A. J. Vanoirbeek. "Assessment of the sensitization potential of persulfate salts used for bleaching hair." Contact Dermatitis 60, no. 2 (February 2009): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01477.x.

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30

Petzel-Witt, Silvana, Werner Pogoda, Cora Wunder, Alexander Paulke, Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz, and Stefan W. Toennes. "Influence of bleaching and coloring on ethyl glucuronide content in human hair." Drug Testing and Analysis 10, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.2206.

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31

Park, Seon Hwa, and Cheunsoon Ahn. "Study on the Effect of Hair Toner Formulated with Rubus Occidentalis L. Extract on the Hair Damaged by Bleaching." Korean Society of Beauty and Art 19, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18693/jksba.2018.19.4.243.

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32

Ryu, Soo Ryeon, Wonhyeong Jang, Si-In Yu, Byeong-Ha Lee, Oh-Sun Kwon, and Kwanwoo Shin. "FT-IR Microspectroscopic Imaging of Cross-Sectioned Human Hair during a Bleaching Process." Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 06, no. 05 (2016): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcdsa.2016.65023.

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33

Martins, Liliane Ferreira, Michel Yegles, Detlef Thieme, and Robert Wennig. "Influence of bleaching on the enantiomeric disposition of amphetamine-type stimulants in hair." Forensic Science International 176, no. 1 (March 2008): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.06.023.

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34

Tokunaga, Shinichi, Hiroto Tanamachi, and Kazutaka Ishikawa. "Degradation of Hair Surface: Importance of 18-MEA and Epicuticle." Cosmetics 6, no. 2 (May 9, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6020031.

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In this paper, surface degradation of hair is reviewed. Surface properties such as hydrophobicity and surface friction change as surface structures of hair fiber, that is, 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA) and epicuticle, degrade. Comparison of contact angle and amount of 18-MEA from root to tip of the sampled hair fibers clarified the contribution of not only 18-MEA but also epicuticle to surface properties. It was found that chemical treatment by itself, such as bleaching, is not enough to cause complete loss of hydrophobic nature even after 18-MEA is removed. Additional weathering processes, such as repeatedly shampooing, are required. A technology for the deposition of a persistent hydrophobicity to bleached and weathered hair surfaces using 18-MEA is presented. Combination of 18-MEA with specific cationic surfactants (Stearoxypropyldimethylamine: SPDA) made the bleached and weathered hair surface hydrophobic, and its hydrophobicity was maintained even after shampooing. Characterization of adsorbed layers of 18-MEA/SPDA on a mica surface, as a possible hydrophilic surface model, was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS). The effects of the anteiso-branch moiety of 18-MEA to create a persistent hydrophobicity with 18-MEA/SPDA were investigated using controlled AFM. It was revealed that the anteiso-branch moiety of 18-MEA in the 18-MEA/SPDA system produces a persistent hydrophobicity by providing higher fluidity to the upper region of the 18-MEA/SPDA layer. The contribution to hair beauty and sensory feeling as one of the practical functions of the hair surface is described in this paper. The hydrophobic nature of the hair surface reduces surface friction in a wet state, which reduces hair disorder alignment. It is also revealed that the moisturized or dried out feeling strongly depends on the hair shape (meandering and diameter) which depends on hair surface properties in a wet environment.

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35

Lim, Sun-Nye, and Chang-Nam Choi. "Effects of Natural Vegetable Treatment Agent on the Bleaching and Damage of Human Hair." Textile Coloration and Finishing 24, no. 3 (September 27, 2012): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5764/tcf.2012.24.3.213.

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36

Yuasa, Ryosuke, Yuya Hirata, Machiko Takigami, Yuki Tomita, Minako Amaya, and Shoji Takigami. "Effects of Water Soluble Wool Keratin on Bleaching and Permanent Waving Treatments of Hair." Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan 38, no. 2 (2013): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14723/tmrsj.38.217.

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37

NAKAZAWA, Yuri, Naoto WAKATSUKI, Kouichi MIZUTANI, and Yuka MAEDA. "1G43 Evaluation of Hair Damages by Bleaching or Heating Processing Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2015.27 (2015): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2015.27.295.

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38

Oh, K., M. Park, and T. Kang. "Effect of mordant bleaching on the optical and mechanical properties of black human hair." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 113, no. 9 (October 22, 2008): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1997.tb01908.x.

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39

Khan, Mohd Rizwan. "Dyeing Hair is Dire or Desire." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i11/980.

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Background: Hair coloring, or hair coloring, is the follow of fixing the hair color. The most reasons for this area unit cosmetic: to hide gray or white hair, to alter to a color thought to be additional modern or fascinating, or to revive the initial hair color once, it's been stained by hairdressing process or sun bleaching. Hair coloring is often done professionally by a stylist or severally reception. Celtic folks colored their hair blonde; they bleach it by laundry them in lime and brushing it back from their foreheads. The coloring of hair is associate ancient art that involves treatment of the hair with varied chemical compounds. In history, the dyes were obtained from plants. The event of artificial dyes for hair is derived from the legendary discovery of the reactivity of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) with air. Results: Hair dyes are cosmetic compounds that make contact with the skin throughout application. As a result of this skin contact, there exists some health risk related to use of hair dyes. People allergic to protein as an example, can have to be compelled to take care once buying hair color since bound dye includes protein. Protein doesn't have to be compelled to be eaten for it to cause associate hypersensitivity reaction. Skin contact with protein might cause a reaction; thus, resulting in associate hypersensitivity reaction. Symptoms of those reactions will embody redness, sores, itching, burning sensation, and discomfort. Symptoms can typically not be apparent instantly following the appliance and process of the tint, however may arise once hours or maybe daily later. Conclusion: Pigments of the hair got colored by the tactic of removing, replacing, or covering up. Employment of those chemicals may cause varied adverse effects, at the facet of temporary skin irritation and hypersensitivity, hair breakage, skin discoloration, and explosive hair color results. The ultimate color of every strand of hair can depend upon its original color and body. As a result of hair's color and body across the pinnacle and on the length of a hair strand, there'll be delicate variations in shade across the complete head. This provides an additional natural-looking result than the solid, everywhere color of a permanent color. Thus, hair dyes area unit regulated within the industrial marketplace and, as new toxicity knowledge is generated for a few hair dye, and health risks area unit discovered, in a controlled people, employment of hair coloring may end up in aversions and/or skin irritation.

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40

Nassif, A. "Ammonium bisulfite contact dermatitis: face eczema due to a bleaching ointment used during hair-dying." Contact Dermatitis 55, no. 2 (August 2006): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.0866j.x.

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41

Hoekstra, Margriet, Sicco van der Heide, Pieter Jan Coenraads, and Marie Louise Anna Schuttelaar. "Anaphylaxis and severe systemic reactions caused by skin contact with persulfates in hair-bleaching products." Contact Dermatitis 66, no. 6 (May 9, 2012): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02047.x.

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42

Atsuda, Chika, Akio Fukumashi, and Mitsuhiro Fukuda. "Effect of Bleaching and Aftertreatment with Cationic Surfactant on the Moisture Sorption Properties of Hair." Sen'i Gakkaishi 52, no. 6 (1996): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.6_325.

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43

Pernet, C., D. Bessis, O. Dereure, and N. Raison-Peyron. "Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp developing after a burn from a hair-bleaching procedure." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 42, no. 2 (November 15, 2016): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ced.12970.

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44

Wang, Wei, Qing-hui Mao, Yu Zhang, Jian-gang Qu, Zhi-jie Liang, Jia Yu, Lin-juan Zheng, and Li Zhang. "Analysis of the Relationship between Breaking Stress and Whiteness in a New Hair Bleaching Method." Fibers and Polymers 21, no. 12 (December 2020): 2799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-1123-y.

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45

Harper, Kathryn, and Becky L. Choma. "Internalised White Ideal, Skin Tone Surveillance, and Hair Surveillance Predict Skin and Hair Dissatisfaction and Skin Bleaching among African American and Indian Women." Sex Roles 80, no. 11-12 (October 5, 2018): 735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0966-9.

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Governo, Ricardo J. M., Danah A. Alyusuf, and Paul R. Gard. "Healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia perceive stress differently according to gender but not in cortisol levels: an immunoassay study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 4154. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194468.

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Background: Working in the healthcare sector is generally regarded as stress inductive, which hampers performance, yet one demanding constant accuracy. This dichotomy has led to numerous investigations on the impact from perceived stress on hospital workers but focused primarily on employing psychological methods to determine perceived stress. This study sought to employ an arguably more objective measure of chronic stress on female healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia, by assaying the concentration of hair cortisol (HCC) in parallel with stress questionnaires.Methods: Pharmacists, nurses and lab workers participated in providing hair samples. Cortisol levels were subsequently quantified using immunoassay methods. Investigations considered the variables of age, gender, and smoking, hair coloring or bleaching or working in shifts on both stress perception and HCC.Results: On average chronic stress was perceived comparably between the different healthcare professions and not differ significantly against the female control group. However, chronic stress differed significantly between genders within the healthcare profession. In contrast, HCC levels showed no direct relation to stress perception with respect to either gender or profession. HCC did, however, show steady decreases with respect to age, as an indirect measure of experience, that contrasted against the identical scores for stress perception. Finally, night shifts, smoking or hair colouring did not produce a significant change on HCC in the healthcare cohorts.Conclusions: Women in the healthcare profession perceive stress higher irrespective of profession compared to men. Also show a pattern of decreasing levels of cortisol with increasing age despite reporting similar stress perception against younger participants.

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Morganti, Pierfrancesco, Gianluca Morganti, and Maria-Beatrice Coltelli. "Smart and Sustainable Hair Products Based on Chitin-Derived Compounds." Cosmetics 8, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8010020.

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According to previous research studies, consumers worldwide are searching for new natural-oriented hair products that are both skin and environmentally friendly. Worldwide waste and air pollution, with the consequent environmental disasters, represent the greatest risk to human health and economy, further increased by the COVID-19 pandemic. Among others, non-biodegradable molecules are present in hair products (fossil-based additives, surfactants, etc.) and macromolecules (plastics). Plastics waste is considered the most serious problem, representing a forecast amount of 460 million tons per year by 2030, 12% of which is reused or recycled. Most plastics consumed, therefore, go to landfills and incineration, also if their recycling is considered an important driver of industrial profitability. Thus, the use of biopolymers represents an interesting alternative to produce biodegradable goods and tissues. After an introduction to the worldwide waste problem and the hair structure, the present review proposes the possibility to make biodegradable tissues that, realized by chitin nanofibrils and nano-lignin as natural polymers, may be used to produce an innovative and smart cosmetic hairline. Chitin-derived compounds are considered interesting polymers to produce non-woven tissues able to repair the hair damages provoked by the aggressiveness of both the environment and some aggressive cosmetic treatments, such as setting, bleaching, permanent waving, and oxidative coloring. The possible activity, that positively charged polymers such as chitin could have, has been speculated, interfering with the constitution and organization of the hair fibrils’ structure, which is negatively charged. The possibility of selecting biopolymers for their packaging is also discussed. Moreover, the use of these biopolymers, obtained from forestry-agro-food waste, may be of help to safeguard the further consumption of natural raw materials, necessary for future generations, also maintaining the earth’s biodiversity.

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Li, Qing, Zengfeng Wei, Mohan Li, Shiwei Li, Lijie Ni, Heng Quan, and Yuyang Zhou. "An efficient ultrasonic-assisted bleaching strategy customized for yak hair triggered by melanin-targeted Fenton reaction." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 86 (May 2022): 106020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106020.

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Joo, Kyung-Mi, Ah-Reum Kim, Su-Na Kim, Boo-Min Kim, Hae Kwang Lee, SeungJin Bae, John-Hwan Lee, and Kyung-Min Lim. "Metabolomic analysis of amino acids and lipids in human hair altered by dyeing, perming and bleaching." Experimental Dermatology 25, no. 9 (June 30, 2016): 729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.13025.

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Masukawa, Y., Hisashi Tsujimura, H. Tanamachi, H. Narita, and Genji Imokawa. "Damage to Human Hair Caused by Repeated Bleaching Combined with Daily Weathering during Daily Life Activities." Exogenous Dermatology 3, no. 6 (2004): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000091908.

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