Journal articles: 'Habituation'

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RAMANATHAN, KIRUTHIKA, NING NING, DHIVIYA DHANASEKAR, GUOQI LI, LUPING SHI, and PRAHLAD VADAKKEPAT. "PRESYNAPTIC LEARNING AND MEMORY WITH A PERSISTENT FIRING NEURON AND A HABITUATING SYNAPSE: A MODEL OF SHORT TERM PERSISTENT HABITUATION." International Journal of Neural Systems 22, no. 04 (July 25, 2012): 1250015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065712500153.

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Our paper explores the interaction of persistent firing axonal and presynaptic processes in the generation of short term memory for habituation. We first propose a model of a sensory neuron whose axon is able to switch between passive conduction and persistent firing states, thereby triggering short term retention to the stimulus. Then we propose a model of a habituating synapse and explore all nine of the behavioral characteristics of short term habituation in a two neuron circuit. We couple the persistent firing neuron to the habituation synapse and investigate the behavior of short term retention of habituating response. Simulations show that, depending on the amount of synaptic resources, persistent firing either results in continued habituation or maintains the response, both leading to longer recovery times. The effectiveness of the model as an element in a bio-inspired memory system is discussed.

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Dissegna, Andrea, Massimo Turatto, and Cinzia Chiandetti. "Context-Specific Habituation: A Review." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061767.

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Habituation consists of the progressive response decrement to a repeated stimulation, a response decline that is not accounted for by sensory or motor fatigue. Together with sensitization, habituation has been traditionally considered to be a prototypical example of non-associative learning, being affected only by the features of the stimulation, as for instance its intensity or frequency. However, despite this widespread belief, evidence exists showing that habituation can be specific to the context of the stimulation, thus suggesting that habituation can have an associative nature. Such an unexpected characteristic of habituation was in fact predicted by a theoretical model of associative learning proposed by Wagner in a series of works that appeared in the late 1970s. Here, we critically review the experimental data that since then have been accumulated in support of this hypothesis. What emerges from the literature is that context-specific habituation is common to several animal species and that the ability to form an association between the habituating stimulus and its context is independent of the complexity of the animal’s nervous system. Finally, context-specific habituation is observed for a variety of organism’s responses, ranging from visceral to motor and mental activities.

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Wilson, Donald A. "Odor Specificity of Habituation in the Rat Anterior Piriform Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.1.139.

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Exposure to odorants results in a rapid (<10 s) reduction in odor-evoked activity in the rat piriform cortex despite relatively maintained afferent input from olfactory bulb mitral cells. To further understand this form of cortical plasticity, a detailed analysis of its odor specificity was performed. Habituation of odor responses in anterior piriform cortex single units was examined in anesthetized, freely breathing rats. The magnitude of single-unit responses of layer II/III neurons to 2-s odor pulses were examined before and after a 50-s habituating stimulus of either the same or different odor. The results demonstrated that odor habituation was odor specific, with no significant cross-habituation between either markedly different single odors or between odors within a series of straight chain alkanes. Furthermore, habituation to binary 1:1 mixtures produced minimal cross-habituation to the components of that mixture. These latter results may suggest synthetic odor processing in the olfactory system, with novel odor mixtures processed as unique stimuli. Potential mechanisms of odor habituation in the piriform cortex must be able to account for the high degree of specificity of this effect.

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Bolhuis, Jantina, Thorsten Kolling, and Monika Knopf. "Looking in the eyes to discriminate." International Journal of Behavioral Development 40, no. 3 (January 9, 2015): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025414564094.

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Studies showed that individual differences in encoding speed as well as looking behaviour during the encoding of facial stimuli can relate to differences in subsequent face discrimination. Nevertheless, a direct linkage between encoding speed and looking behaviour during the encoding of facial stimuli and the role of these encoding characteristics for subsequent discrimination has not been investigated yet. In the present habituation study, an eye-tracker was used to investigate how individual differences in encoding speed (number of habituation trials) relate to individual differences in looking behaviour on faces and the internal facial features (eyes, nose, and mouth) during encoding as well as discrimination. Forty infants habituated to a photograph of a female face. In a subsequent dishabituation phase, a new face was followed by the familiar one. As expected, the results showed that most of the infants were able to habituate to the face and that they managed to discriminate between the new and the familiar face. Furthermore, correlations and analyses of variance showed that individual differences in encoding during habituation related to differences in looking behaviour during habituation as well as dishabituation. Slower-habituating infants could better discriminate between the new and the familiar face and showed a higher interest in the eyes during habituation as well as dishabituation than faster-habituating infants. These data underline that individual differences in encoding speed relate to individual differences in looking behaviour and that increased looking behaviour to important social cues might help subsequent discrimination.

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Thong, Jiun Fong, Junaidah Binte Ibrahim, Mee Ching Wong, and Yew Meng Chan. "Habituation Following Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in Tinnitus Sufferers." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 42, no. 12 (December 15, 2013): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v42n12p681.

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Introduction: This study evaluated the efficacy of tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) in habituating patients with tinnitus. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent TRT in a tertiary referral Otorhinolaryngology unit. Patients were followed up with structured interviews with the aid of questionnaire forms. Habituation following TRT was evaluated. Results: A total of 702 patients were included (55% male, 45% female). Habituation of reaction to tinnitus and habituation of perception were analysed. Average duration of follow up was 33 months. In total, 68% of patients described improvement in annoyance following TRT. Of these patients, 80% of them described habituation of perception as well. There was no statistical difference in gender and age between patients who did and did not respond to TRT. However, duration of treatment was significantly longer in patients who habituated (P <0.05). Patients who adopted treatment strategies recommended based on Jastreboff’s TRT categories were also found to have higher success rates compared to those who refused. Conclusion: The goal of TRT is to achieve habituation of reaction to tinnitus. Habituation of perception is often a secondary result of sufficiently habituated response. From our study, more than two thirds of patients with tinnitus achieved habituation of reaction and of these, the majority also habituated to awareness of the tinnitus. Key words: Hearing loss, Hyperacusis, Treatment

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Serpell, Ella, and Johel Chaves-Campos. "Memory and habituation to harmful and non-harmful stimuli in a field population of the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 38, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467421000559.

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AbstractMimosa pudica is a Neotropical legume that closes its leaves rapidly in response to touch stimulation, hypothetically as herbivory defence. Habituation to non-harmful stimuli and long-term memory of past events have been demonstrated in this species, the former with relatively heavy objects and the latter under laboratory conditions. This species should not habituate to harmful stimuli if leaf movement is a response to herbivore damage. We tested in Monteverde, Costa Rica, whether (1) memory occurs in wild plants, (2) whether habituation occurs under harmful stimuli: simulated herbivory, and (3) whether wild plants can habituate to light non-harmful stimuli. The degree of closing of the leaflets and time until reopening was measured in response to repeated harmful and non-harmful stimuli. The results showed habituation to repeated non-harmful very light stimuli and showed lack of habituation to simulated leaf damage. Wild plants also showed faster rehabituation to repeated non-harmful stimuli when they had been exposed 15 days previously, suggesting possible long-term memory. These results indicate that wild plants are capable of (1) distinguishing between harmful and non-harmful stimuli (only habituating to the latter), (2) memorizing previous events, and 3) habituating very light tactile stimuli commonly experienced in the field.

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Mustakimah, Mustakimah, and Sri Mu'amamah. "Upaya Membentuk Karakter Percaya Diri dan Kreatif Pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Tradisional Jamuran." Journal of Early Childhood and Character Education 1, no. 1 (February 3, 2021): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/joecce.v1i1.6613.

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The background of this research is the importance of forming good character in early childhood with the stimulation given to traditional mushroom play activities. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method. The purpose of this study is to describe how the traditional game of mold can shape the character of early childhood. Based on the results of traditional game research, molds can form characters in early childhood, including honest characters formed by the habit of children not lying when guessed by their friends, disciplined characters are formed by habituating children to follow the rules in the game, respecting friends formed by habituating children do not choose -choose friends to be there next to him and listen to the instructions of friends in front, a confident character is formed by habituation of children giving instructions in the middle of their own, creatively formed by habituation of children mentioning names of objects or animals to imitate other friends, self-confidence and brave characters formed by habituation children advance in front of the crowd alone.

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Wicks, H. C. F., A. F. Carson, M. A. McCoy, and C. S. Mayne. "Effects of habituation to the milking parlour on the milk production and reproductive performance of first calving Holstein-Friesian and Norwegian dairy herd replacements." Animal Science 78, no. 2 (April 2004): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800054126.

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AbstractTwenty-nine Holstein-Friesian and 20 Norwegian dairy herd replacements were used to investigate the effect of habituating heifers to the milking parlour environment prior to calving on subsequent lactational performance. The heifers commenced the study at 3 weeks prior to calving when they were allocated on the basis of breed, genetic merit and live weight to either a habituation or no habituation (control) treatment. Heifers were housed together in cubicle accommodation with grass silage offered ad libitum along with 1 kg of concentrates per head per day offered in the feeding passage (control treatment) or in the food managers in the milking parlour (habituation treatment). Animals in the habituation treatment were exposed to the full milking parlour routine once daily (afternoon milking) in a 20-point rotary herringbone parlour. Holstein-Friesian heifers averaged 2.6 kg/day more milk than the Norwegian replacements. Holstein-Friesian heifers also had higher fat and protein yields than Norwegian heifers, however they also lost more body condition during the first 3 months of lactation. Habituated heifers yielded on average 1.3 kg/day more milk (P < 0.001) than the control group of heifers over the first 100 days of lactation (26.7 v. 25.4 (s.e.d. 0.38) kg/day), with the difference being greatest in the first 2 to 3 weeks of lactation. In early lactation, animals on the habituation treatment lost more live weight (0.16 v. 0.02 (s.e.d. 0.061) kg/day) (P < 0.05) and body condition than those on the control treatment. Duration of milking was longer (P < 0.001) (378.4 v. 340.5 (s.e.d. 6.53) s) and milk flow rate slower (P < 0.001) (2.20 v. 2.46 (s.e.d. 0.041) kg/min) respectively for the habituation compared with control group. Somatic cell counts (SCC) were lower (P < 0.001) for habituation group (1.66 v. 1.79 (s.e.d. 0.037) log10SCC per ml), but there was no significant treatment effect on locomotion scores. Reproductive performance was lower for habituated heifers, with increased intervals to conception (P < 0.05) (102 v. 83 (s.e.d. 9.22) days). Habituating heifers to the milking parlour environment prior to calving increased milk production but appeared to have some detrimental effects on reproductive performance.

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Mistiningsih, Cindy, and Eni Fariyatu Fahyuni. "Manajemen Islamic Culture Melalui Pembiasaan Sholat Dhuha Berjamaah dalam Meningkatkan Karakter Kedisiplinan Siswa." MANAZHIM 2, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36088/manazhim.v2i2.856.

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This paper discusses the management of Islamic Cultur through habituating Dhuha Prayers in Improving Student Discipline. Islamic Cultur is a practice of habituating Islamic values, one of which is the implementation of habituation in congregation. This culture is implemented and familiarized in order to improve student discipline. Prayer is a compulsory worship that must be performed by every Muslim. Prayer services will be able to keep the culprit from the heinous and unjust practices. Prayer is one of the worship services that has disciplinary implications for the culprit. This research belongs to the type of qualitative-descriptive research that is expected to be able to uncover various information with a careful and meaningful description-analysis. Sources of data in this study include the principal, student staff and staff and teachers of Islam. Data collection is done by interview, observation, and documentation. As for the data analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and data analysis. The results of this research are (1) Management of Islamic Cultur held through habituation of Dhuha Berma’ah (2) Habituation of Dhuha prayer in congregation can improve student discipline.

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Khulusinniyah, Khulusinniyah, and Moh Zamili. "LITERASI AGAMA PADA ANAK MELALUI PROGRAM PEMBIASAAN PRAKTIK IBADAH." Edupedia : Jurnal Studi Pendidikan dan Pedagogi Islam 5, no. 2 (March 17, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/edupedia.v5i2.1186.

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religious literacy of children can be started from studying the religious doctrine correctly. These activity of religious literacy can be implemented for children by performing a program of habituating worship practices in early childhood education institutions. The implementation of this habituation program must be planned clearly and always evaluated. In its implementation, teachers and children demonstrate directly so that it is known correctly the kaifiyat of worship by Islamic doctrine. The main target of this program of practicing worship habituation is that children able to and regularly performing worship as a necessity of daily life.

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Kavsek, Michael J. "Visuelle Habituation und Dishabituation im Säuglingsalter: Das Komparatormodell." Psychologische Rundschau 51, no. 4 (October 2000): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//0033-3042.51.4.178.

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Zusammenfassung. Das wichtigste, weil verbreiteste Verfahren zur Untersuchung visueller und kognitiver Leistungen im Säuglingsalter ist die Habituations-Dishabituationsmethode. Die Basisannahme des kognitiven oder Komparatormodells besteht darin, daß Habituation, d. i. die Abschwächung der Blickzuwendung bei einer wiederholten oder bei einer länger andauernden Stimuluspräsentation, den Aufbau eines mentalen Modells des Reizes indiziert, während eine anschließende Dishabituation, d. i. die Reaktivierung der visuellen Zuwendung bei Vorlage eines neuen Stimulus, anzeigt, daß der Pb die Diskrepanz zwischen dem neuen und dem Habituationsreiz wahrgenommen hat. Das auf dieser Annahme basierende Drei+Zwei-Komponenten-Modell wird vorgestellt und von Theorien abgegrenzt, die entweder die Gültigkeit dieses Modells abstreiten oder aber die Beteiligung weiterer, nicht-kognitiver Prozesse am Habituations-Dishabituationsgeschehen postulieren.

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Kahn-DAngelo, Linda A. "Infant Habituation:." Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics 7, no. 1 (January 1987): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j006v07n01_05.

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Nansen, Bjorn, Frank Vetere, Toni Robertson, John Downs, Margot Brereton, and Jeannette Durick. "Reciprocal Habituation." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 21, no. 3 (June 2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2617573.

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Kahn-DAngelo, Linda. "Infant Habituation:." Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics 7, no. 1 (March 24, 1987): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j006v07n01_05.

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Hepper, Peter G., and Leo R. Leader. "Fetal Habituation." Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 8, no. 2 (May 1996): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0965539500001534.

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One aim of obstetric practice is to ensure the wellbeing of the fetus. This is by no means an easy task and recent years have seen the development of a variety of tests, with varying degrees of success, to evaluate fetal health.Fetal wellbeing may be assessed at a variety of levels: genetic/cellular, physical/structural or functional. Ideally the evaluation of fetal health should provide information about the functional outcome of any particular condition, especially the performance of the central nervous system. Current tests may not do this. Thus, whilst tests of the fetal chromosomal or genetic constitution may determine the presence of particular genetic/chromosomal conditions, they may not predict functional outcome especially the functioning of the cerebral cortices, the ultimate arbiter of excellence in man. For example, Down's syndrome may be accurately diagnosed by analysis of fetal cells to detect the presence of Trisomy 21 but this in itself provides little information on the subsequent functional performance of the individual. The development of tests of fetal heart function such as antenatal cardiotocography have provided a means of assessing cardiac function and, to a certain extent, the functioning of parts of the autonomic nervous system. However such tests can only indirectly assess cortical function.

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Wathieu, Luc. "Consumer Habituation." Management Science 50, no. 5 (May 2004): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1030.0185.

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Wilson, Donald A. "Comparison of Odor Receptive Field Plasticity in the Rat Olfactory Bulb and Anterior Piriform Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 3036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.6.3036.

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Recent work in the anterior piriform cortex (aPCX) has demonstrated that cortical odor receptive fields are highly dynamic, showing rapid changes of both firing rate and temporal patterning within relatively few inhalations of an odor, despite relatively maintained, patterned input from olfactory bulb mitral/tufted cells. The present experiment examined the precision (odor-specificity) of this receptive field plasticity and compared it with the primary cortical afferent, olfactory bulb mitral/tufted cells. Adult Long-Evans hooded rats, urethan anesthetized and freely breathing, were used for single-unit recording from mitral/tufted and aPCX layer II/III neurons. Partial mapping of receptive fields to alkane odors (pentane, heptane, and nonane) was performed before and immediately after habituation (50-s exposure) to one of the alkanes. The results demonstrated that odor habituation of aPCX responses was odor specific, with minimal cross-habituation between alkanes differing by as few as two carbons. Mitral/tufted cells, however, showed strong cross-habituation within the odor set with the most profound cross effects to carbon chains shorter than the habituating stimulus. The results suggest that although mitral/tufted cells and aPCX neurons have roughly similar odor receptive fields, aPCX neurons have significantly better odor discrimination within their receptive field. The results have important implications for understanding the underlying bases of receptive fields in olfactory system neurons and the mechanisms of odor discrimination and memory.

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Gudkov, Lev. "Phasen der Gewöhnung." osteuropa 72, no. 4-5 (2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2022-0125.

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Sun, Junwei, Yangyang Wang, Peng Liu, and Yanfeng Wang. "Memristor-Based Circuit Design of Non Associative Learning Mechanism." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3222.

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Associative learning and memory are widely studied, but non associative learning is rarely discussed. A non associative learning circuit based on memristor is proposed in this paper, including habituation, sensitization, presynaptic facilitation, secondary habituation, long and short term habituation, cross habituation, long and short timescale habituation. Habituation and sensitization in non associative learning are achieved through memristive non-volatility and non-linearity, and presynaptic facilitation is also discussed. Long and short term habituation and secondary habituation are considered through the synaptic module and the voltage module. Cross habituation and long and short timescale habituation are introduced through the suppression module and synaptic module. The more realistic brain is simulated by artificial neural network through the study of non associative learning.

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Martin, P. T., and D. E. Koshland. "Neurosecretory habituation in PC12 cells: modulation during parallel habituation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92, no. 11 (May 23, 1995): 5052–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.11.5052.

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Saryadi, Saryadi, Septy Nur Amalia Putri, Hastin Puspitasari, and Endang Setyaningsih. "PEMBIASAAN SHOLAT DHUHA BERJAMA’AH TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SISWA DI SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 4 SAMBI." Buletin Literasi Budaya Sekolah 2, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/blbs.v2i2.12839.

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Strengthening character education (PPK) is one of the created by the government which aims to create the next generation of the nation who is academically intelligent and also physically and mentally intelligent. Strengthening Character Education that is commonly done is by doing habituation. One of the ways of character education in the form of habituation that has been implemented by SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Sambi is by habituating the implementation of dhuha prayers in congregation. This research was conducted to determine the benefits of practicing dhuha prayer at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Sambi, which was carried out during the Introduction to Preschool Environment 1 (PLP1) program between 2 weeks, in February 2020 using descriptive methods with qualitative data. The results of this study indicate that the habituation of dhuha prayer in congregation as a strengthening of character education carried out by students at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Sambi is positive towards student character such as the character likes to establish friendship between students, the character of mutual respect and respect, the character is accustomed to remembering and getting closer. self to the creator, the character of the loss of excessive individualism, and the character of discipline to come on time to school, do good activities repeatedly, and discipline to carry out religious orders. From this it can be said that indeed the habituation of dhuha prayer activities in congregation is beneficial to the character of students.

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Siniatchkin, M., E. Kirsch, P. Kropp, U. Stephani, and W.-D. Gerber. "Slow Cortical Potentials in Migraine Families." Cephalalgia 20, no. 10 (December 2000): 881–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00132.x.

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Amplitude and habituation of event-related potentials are abnormal in migraine. We investigated 43 migraine and 41 healthy families to evaluate the influences of age, sex and familial contribution on the variance of amplitude and habituation of the contingent negative variation (CNV). Analysis of individual differences in relation to the CNV habituation was performed. The study demonstrated that habituation of the early CNV component characterizes migraine considerably better than the CNV amplitudes. Habituation, however, is strongly influenced by age. Migraine adults and children generally showed reduced habituation. Surprisingly, more than 30% of the healthy adults demonstrated a marked loss of habituation. The reduced CNV habituation represented a high sensitivity but low specificity to migraine, especially in children. CNV amplitude and habituation parameters revealed a considerable familial contribution associated with migraine. No familial influence on either morphology or habituation of the CNV in healthy families or between healthy members of migraine families was observed. The low specificity and familial transmission of CNV parameters in members of migraine families suggest that increased amplitudes and reduced habituation of CNV do not constitute a primary risk factor for migraine, but rather represent a predisposition. Genetic components probably affect variation of the CNV amplitude and habituation.

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Wagh, S. N. "Ranula-Threefold Habituation." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2016/v5i2/100621.

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BOWDITCH, Nathan. "Aristotle on Habituation." Ethical Perspectives 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2008): 309–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ep.15.3.2033154.

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De Paepe, Annick L., Amanda C. de C. Williams, and Geert Crombez. "Habituation to pain." PAIN 160, no. 8 (August 2019): 1693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001533.

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Kropp, P. "Deficient interictal habituation." Cephalalgia 18, no. 5 (June 1998): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1998.1805241-2.x.

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Colombo, John, and D. Wayne Mitchell. "Infant visual habituation." Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 92, no. 2 (September 2009): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2008.06.002.

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Coppola, Gianluca, Francesco Pierelli, and Jean Schoenen. "Habituation and migraine." Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 92, no. 2 (September 2009): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2008.07.006.

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Thompson, Richard F. "Habituation: A history." Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 92, no. 2 (September 2009): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2008.07.011.

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Dong, Shu, and David F. Clayton. "Habituation in songbirds." Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 92, no. 2 (September 2009): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2008.09.009.

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West, B. J., and P. Grigolini. "Habituation and -noise." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 389, no. 24 (December 2010): 5706–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2010.08.033.

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Bennett, Tony, Francis Dodsworth, Greg Noble, Mary Poovey, and Megan Watkins. "Habit and Habituation." Body & Society 19, no. 2-3 (May 22, 2013): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x13485881.

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This article examines the issues that are at stake in the current resurgence of interest in the subject of habit. We focus on the role that habit has played in conceptions of the relations between body and society, and the respects in which such conceptions have been implicated in processes of governance. We argue that habit has typically constituted a point of leverage for regulatory practices that seek to effect some realignment of the relations between different components of personhood – will, character, memory and instinct, for example – in order to bring about a specific end. In reviewing its functioning in this regard across a range of modern disciplines – philosophy, psychology, sociology – we explore the tensions between its use and interpretation in different lineages: in particular, the Cartesian–Kantian/Ravaisson–Bergson–Deleuze lineages. The article then identifies how these questions are addressed across the contributions collected in this special issue.

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Bornstein, Marc H., and Pamela M. Ludemann. "Habituation at home." Infant Behavior and Development 12, no. 4 (October 1989): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-6383(89)90031-3.

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Chun, Hunsang. "Habituation and Pleasure." CHUL HAK SA SANG : Journal of Philosophical Ideas 86 (November 30, 2022): 37–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15750/chss.86.202211.002.

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Fitriyani, Feny Nida. "CHILDREN'S INTEGRITY CHARACTER EDUCATION OF EARLY CHILDHOOD BASED ON SCHOOL CULTURE THROUGH THE HABITUATION PROGRAM." At-Turats 15, no. 1 (July 14, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24260/at-turats.v15i1.1981.

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The character of the nation's children is increasingly eroded by the spread of various problems related to moral degradation, such as: corruption, nepotism, and dishonesty. PAUD institutions in this case certainly play an important role in building the initial foundation in children in order to minimize moral degradation. Therefore, character education becomes a solution to overcome this problem. One of the programs launched at TK Masyithoh 25 Sokaraja, Banyumas is integrity education based on school culture through the habituation program. Methodologically, type of this research is field research, while the approach used is qualitative approach. The data are obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study found four types of habituation used in integrity character education, namely routine habituation, spontaneous habituation (giving reward, punishments, and advice), habituation by exemplary, and habituation with conditioning. Each habituation includes stimulus, response, and reinforcement. Reinforcement is an important element in integrity character education through habituation in early childhood. The reinforcement that is mostly used by teachers is positive reinforcement in the form of non-material rewards. These four habituation are the basic way to instill the character of integrity (honesty, exemplary, and politeness) in children at TK Masyithoh 25 Sokaraja as a kindergarten piloting project for integrity education. Keywords: Integrity Character Education, Child Moral, Habituation.

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May, M. L., and R. R. Hoy. "Habituation of the ultrasound-induced acoustic startle response in flying crickets." Journal of Experimental Biology 159, no. 1 (September 1, 1991): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.159.1.489.

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The ultrasound-induced negative phonotactic response of tethered, flying Australian field crickets habituates to repeated stimuli. Using the magnitude of the metathoracic leg's swing during a series of ultrasonic stimuli as a measure of habituation, we show that: (1) the response declines exponentially; (2) the response recovers spontaneously; (3) repeated trials produce more rapid and stronger habituation; (4) successive stimuli presented more rapidly produce more rapid and stronger habituation; (5) a weaker stimulus intensity produces more rapid and stronger habituation; (6) the habituation shows stimulus generalization (i.e. the response is similar for different ultrasonic frequencies); (7) a novel stimulus produces dishabituation; and (8) the effect of the dishabituating stimulus habituates after repeated trials. These findings place habituation of cricket negative phonotaxis in the context described for habituation in mammals.

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Warach, Steven, Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Brett E. Skolnick, Walter D. Obrist, and Martin Reivich. "Decreases in Frontal and Parietal Lobe Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Related to Habituation." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 12, no. 4 (July 1992): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1992.78.

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We previously reported decreased mean CBF between consecutive resting conditions, ascribed to habituation. Here we address the regional specificity of habituation over three consecutive flow studies. Regional CBF (rCBF) was measured in 55 adults (12 right-handed men, 12 right-handed women, 14 left-handed men, 17 left-handed women), with the 133Xe inhalation technique, during three conditions: Resting, verbal tasks (analogies), and spatial tasks (line orientation). Changes in rCBF attributable to the cognitive tasks were eliminated by correcting these values to a resting equivalent. There was a progressive decrease in mean rCBF over time, reflecting habituation. This effect differed by region, with specificity at frontal (prefrontal, inferior frontal, midfrontal, superior frontal) and inferior parietal regions. In the inferior parietal region, habituation was more marked in the left than the right hemisphere. Right-handers showed greater habituation than did left-handers. There was no sex difference in global habituation, but males showed greater left whereas females showed greater right hemispheric habituation. The results suggest that habituation to the experimental setting has measurable effects on rCBF, which are differently lateralized for men and women. These effects are superimposed on task activation and are most pronounced in regions that have been implicated in attentional processes. Thus, regional decrement in brain activity related to habituation seems to complement attentional effects, suggesting a neural network for habituation reciprocating that for attention.

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Wiyani, Novan Ardy. "Implementation of a Character Education Strategy in the Perspective of Permendikbud Number 23 of 2015 at Raudhatul Athfal." Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan 6, no. 02 (November 30, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v6i02.2934.

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This study is aimed at obtaining a description of the various habituation activities carried out to form the character of students that are relevant to Permendikbud Number 23 of 2015 concerning Cultivation of Character. The research approach used is qualitative with the type of phenomenological research. Data were collected by interview, observation and documentation then analyzed using data analysis techniques Miles and Huberman's model. The results showed that there are seven strategies in implementing character education based on Permendikbud Number 23 of 2015. First, cultivating moral and spiritual values through habituation. Second, developing national values and diversity through habituation. Third, develop positive interactions between students and teachers and parents through habituation. Fourth, developing positive interactions between students through habituation. Fifth, taking care of yourself and the school environment through habituation. Sixth, develop the full potential of students through habituation. Seventh, the involvement of parents and the community in schools through habituation. The seven strategy activities have been implemented optimally because each of the objectives in them can be achieved.

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Supendi, Pepen, Palah, and Aan Hasanah. "Development of Character Education Models in Madrasas Through the Establishment of the Tahajud Prayer." Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpai.2020.172-01.

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This study aimed to examine and explore the development of student character education models through habituation of programmed tahajud prayers in MTs As-Sa'idah. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and study of literature. The results of this study, are: First, the reality of education in the inheritance of the values of character education through the process of habituating the programmed prayer; Second, the tahajud prayer is a character inheritance model that is able to preserve the values of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad. The inheritance model of character education through habituation of tahajud prayer are: 1) focus, derived from the doctrine of the Qur'an and Sunnah; 2) Procedure, using a direct learning model. And the Third, the character values that can be implemented as a basis for character building show in 9 of character values.

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Maksudin. "Pengembangan Diri dan Pembiasaan dalam Pembelajaran “Bahasa”." al Mahāra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/almahara.2015.011-02.

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The Habituation in learning “language” is lessened trial and substantial in terms of mastery and language skills including mastery and Arabic language skills. Because the habituation is a basic requirement in the learning “language” itself. For language learners to be able to master the language being studied or taught in the learning needs of habituation and repetition continuously. On the other side of habituation, the language will have a positive influence on the development of language learners themselves. Therefore, the relation of the habituation in learning the language as an integral part of self-development for language learners. In this paper, the self-development approach used a humanistic approach. This approach is seen to have compatibility with habituation in language learning

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Rahim, Abdan, and Agus Setiawan. "Implementasi Nilai-nilai Karakter Islam Berbasis Pembiasaan Siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Kota Batu." SYAMIL: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education) 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/sy.v7i1.1715.

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This research aims to uncover the implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu, with sub focus includes: (1) a form implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu. (2) any characters that are formed on a student through a habituation method in Islamic education at MTsN Batu. (3) evaluation the implementation of habituation method in Islamic Education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu. This study uses qualitative methods to do a descriptive approach. Checking the validity of the data is carried out by means of Triangulation and reference materials. While the principal Informant of this research is the head master of school, deputy head of student management, master of class, and other related parties in this research. The results of this research indicate that: a form implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu are: (1) Habituation of character, habituation in worship, and habituation in the annual event. (2) the resulting characters of the students through habituation methods in Islamic education at MTsN Batu are: Culture religious, communicative/ amicable, care of environment, discipline, creative, the spirit of nationality, an avid reader, social care, and responsibility. (3) evaluation the implementation of habituation method in Islamic education for the formation students character values at MTsN Batu are: the ceremony on Monday, the assembly of the council of teachers (meeting), and through the book TATIBSI (the student code of conduct) with assessment scores and calculated each semester.

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Siniatchkin, M., W.-D. Gerber, P. Kropp, T. Voznesenskaya, and AM Vein. "Are the Periodic Changes of Neurophysiological Parameters During the Pain-Free Interval in Migraine Related to Abnormal Orienting Activity?" Cephalalgia 20, no. 1 (February 2000): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00002.x.

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Objective and methods Migraine patients are characterized by increased amplitude and reduced habituation of contingent negative variation (CNV). Furthermore, the CNV underlies periodic changes during the pain-free interval, being maximal before attack. The periodicity of CNV is related to periodic changes in habituation, probably due to variation of orienting activity during the pain-free interval. CNV and orienting response (OR) were studied in 20 females suffering from migraine without aura and in 12 matched healthy females. The neurophysiological recordings in the group of patients were performed 1–4 days before and 4 days after a migraine attack. The amplitudes and habituation of early and late components and total CNV were calculated. The OR was assessed using the habituation of the skin conductance response (SCR) and alpha blocking (AB). The non-parametric tests were employed for statistical analysis. Results There were no differences between the two groups for habituation of all CNV components and of SCR following an attack. However, the habituation of AB was significantly reduced in migraine. Before attack we observed a significantly reduced habituation of the early and total CNV and of the AB compared to controls and recordings performed after an attack. The habituation of the late component and of SCR remained unchanged. Conclusions The abnormal habituation could be explained by the periodic changes of physiological parameters during the pain-free interval. The impaired habituation of early CNV in migraine is associated with increased orienting activity seen only in the central component (AB) of OR.

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Brighina, Filippo, Giuseppe Cosentino, and Brigida Fierro. "Habituation or lack of habituation: What is really lacking in migraine?" Clinical Neurophysiology 127, no. 1 (January 2016): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2015.05.028.

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Lipp, OttmarV. "Habituation and Pavlovian conditioning: The course of habituation predicts stimulus associability." International Journal of Psychophysiology 11, no. 1 (July 1991): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(91)90225-m.

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Muhammad Ibnu Faruk Fauzi. "PEMBINAAN AKHLAK PADA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI METODE PEMBIASAAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM." NUSANTARA : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (May 28, 2022): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/nusantara.v2i2.301.

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Habituation in education is very much needed because psychologically, students model more behavior or figures they idolize, including their teachers. Habituation is also no less important in learning activities. This is because any knowledge or behavior gained by habituation will be very difficult to change or eliminate it so that this method is very useful in educating children. Moral development activities for students are carried out at Dharma Wanita Sumberrejo Kindergarten through the habituation method of learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The research method used is a service method that describes the phenomenon that occurs as it is, data sources are obtained through school leaders, teachers and parents of children. The analysis is carried out with reference to the stages of tabulation, coding and giving meaning to the data. The results of the service show that the implementation of child moral development through the habituation method already contains the main teachings of Islam, namely Akidah (faith), Sharia (Islamic) and Akhlak (Ihsan). The method of habituation given by means of getting used to the behavior or moral attitude of the child repeatedly and continuously. In addition to the habituation carried out by teachers in schools, the role of parents is actually important for children's habituation in practicing Islamic teachings that have been taught through habituation in schools, but this role will not be maximized when parental involvement is not full on the development of children's behavior and morals.

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WANG, TONY, and L. A. AKERS. "AN ELECTRONIC HABITUATION CHIP." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 06, no. 02 (April 1996): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126696000133.

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Habituation is a biological behavior allowing non-critical information to be disregarded enabling more processing resources for critical tasks. This requires the ability to determine if a signal is novel or not. We have implemented habituation adaptation in a small mixed signal circuit. A software simulation is used to demonstrate the ability of habituation to eliminate a stuck-at 1 error from succeeding stages of processing. Experimental test results are shown illustrating the habituation response.

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Rauschel, Veronika, Ruth Ruscheweyh, Siegbert Krafczyk, and Andreas Straube. "Test-retest reliability of visual-evoked potential habituation." Cephalalgia 36, no. 9 (October 23, 2015): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102415613613.

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Objective Habituation of visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) is typically described as deficient interictally in migraine patients, supposedly indicating altered cortical excitability. Use of this parameter for monitoring changes over time, e.g. under treatment, requires demonstration of test-retest reliability. Methods VEPs were recorded interictally in 41 episodic migraine patients and 40 controls. N75–P100 amplitudes were measured over six consecutive blocks of 75 VEPs each. Amplitude regression slopes and block ratios were used to quantify VEP habituation. Test-retest reliability was assessed over 15 minutes and two to three weeks. Results Controls showed significantly more negative VEP habituation slopes than migraine patients (−0.21 ± 0.40 vs. 0.04 ± 0.46 µV/block, p < 0.05). Results were similar for block ratios, though, in the migraine group, VEP habituation significantly increased from test to two- to three-week retest ( p < 0.05). In addition, VEP habituation test-retest correlations were mostly poor both in migraine patients and controls (intraclass correlation coefficients, 15 minutes: −0.13 to 0.30, two to three weeks: 0.07 to 0.59). Conclusions Deficient VEP habituation in migraine was confirmed. However, the test-retest reliability of VEP habituation was rather weak. Therefore, we suggest that VEP habituation should be used for evaluation of cortical excitability under treatment only at the group level and only when a control group with sham treatment is included.

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Ninik Hidayati, Nurul Hakim, and M. Zakki Sulton. "PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI PEMBIASAAN RUTIN UNTUK MENANAMKAN NILAI - NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA SISWA SD/MI." PREMIERE : Journal of Islamic Elementary Education 2, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51675/jp.v2i2.104.

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Islamic Education Values through the habituation program in SD / MI. The theories used as a foundation in this research include the theory of character education, routine habituation, and the values of Islamic education. Based on the background of the problem, this research is expected to provide answers to the problem formulation (1). How is the implementation of character education through routine habituation to instill the values of Islamic education in SD / MI students?, (2). How are the effectiveness and benefits of implementing routine habituation to instill the values of Islamic education in SD / MI students? Based on the formulation of the problem, this study aims to (1). To find out the implementation of character education through routine habituation to instill the values of Islamic education in SD / MI students. (2). This is to determine the level of effectiveness and benefits of routine habituation to instill the values of Islamic education in schools in SD / MI students.

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Smith, Phillip N., Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger, Candice N. Selwyn, Erin Poindexter, William Lechner, DeMond M. Grant, and Kelly C. Cukrowicz. "An exploratory analysis of the relations between the rate of physiological habituation, the acquired capability for suicide, and acute risk factors for suicide." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 7, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-07-2014-0130.

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Purpose – The interpersonal theory of suicide proposes that an individual must acquire the capability for suicide to carry out a near-lethal or lethal suicide attempt. This capability develops via habituation in response to painful and provocative life events. Some individuals might be more vulnerable to developing the capability for suicide because they habituate more quickly to stimuli. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relations between the rate of physiological habituation and acquired capability, proxies for acquired capability, and acute risk factors for suicide. Design/methodology/approach – Depressed, suicidal individuals completed self-report assessments and a startle reflex task assessing the rate or speed of physiological habituation in response to repeated bursts of white noise. Findings – Slower habituation was associated with hopelessness and negative stressors. The rate of habituation was not associated with acquired capability. Originality/value – The current study informs the understanding of how physiological habituation is related to suicide risk factors.

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Lisicki, Marco, Emiliano Ruiz-Romagnoli, Raúl Piedrabuena, Roberto Giobellina, Jean Schoenen, and Delphine Magis. "Migraine triggers and habituation of visual evoked potentials." Cephalalgia 38, no. 5 (July 10, 2017): 988–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102417720217.

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Background Identifying specific subsets of patients within the clinical spectrum of migraine could help in personalizing migraine treatment. Profiling patients by combining clinical characteristics and neurophysiological biomarkers is largely unexplored. We studied the association between migraine attack triggers and habituation of visual evoked potentials. Methods We personally interviewed 25 patients about their migraine triggers following a structured list, and measured the N1-P1 habituation slope over six blocks of 100 averaged pattern-reversal VEP afterwards. Results The mean number of triggers per patient was 4.52 ± 1.42. Habituation slopes differed significantly between subjects who reported stress as a migraine trigger (deficient VEP habituation) and subjects who did not (preserved VEP habituation). For the remaining categories, the mean amplitude slope was always positive, indicating deficient habituation, and was not significantly different between subgroups. Conclusions Migraine patients not reporting perceived stress as a trigger for their attacks might constitute a distinct clinic-physiological subset within the migraine spectrum.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Habituation'

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