Dissertations / Theses: 'Habituation'

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Dixon, Wallace E. Jr, and P. Hull Smith. "Attentional Focus Moderates Habituation–Language Relationships: Slow Habituation May Be a Good Thing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.490.

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An interesting paradox in the developmental literature has emerged in which fast-habituating babies tend to be temperamentally difficult and fast language learners, even though temperamentally difficult babies tend to be slow language learners. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine whether the paradoxical relationships among habituation, temperamental difficulty, and language acquisition could be mediated partly or wholly by infant attentional focus, because the latter also tends to correlate with temperamental difficulty and vocabulary size. Forty mother–infant dyads were followed from child age 5–20-months. Results replicated those of Tamis-LeMonda and Bornstein (Child Develop 1989, 60, 738–751): measures of visual habituation at 5 months were related to 13-month vocabulary. However, relationships between 5-month habituation and 20-month vocabulary were moderated by temperamental attentional focus. For children low in attentional focus, 5-month habituation was related negatively to 20-month productive vocabulary; whereas for children high in attentional focus, early habituation was positively related to later vocabulary. Results are consistent with a model of habituation in which volitional attentional focus overrides basic attentional mechanisms that occur during habituation.

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Mühler, Kurt. "Einstellung zur Videoüberwachung als Habituation." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-143869.

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Bürger weisen eine positive Einstellung gegenüber Videoüberwachung auf, obwohl sie sehr wenig über Videoüberwachung nachdenken, wenig über die Zahl und Verteilung der Videokameras in ihrer Stadt wissen, Videoüberwachung nicht mit ihren Bürgerrechten in Beziehung bringen sowie dem Staat „blind\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" vertrauen. Klocke resümiert: Das Unwissen über die Kamerawirklichkeit ist als ein Anzeichen für bürgerrechtliche Unmotiviertheit und mangelnde Freiheitssensibilität anzusehen. Daraus ergibt sich die Forschungsfrage dieses Aufsatzes, welche darauf abzielt nicht die Einstellung zur Videoüberwachung, sondern die (geringe) Aufmerksamkeit gegenüber Videoüberwachung zu erklären: Warum sind Menschen gleichgültig gegenüber Videoüberwachung, obwohl dadurch eines ihrer Grundrechte beeinträchtigt wird?

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Greentree, S. G. "Central cholinergic mechanisms in habituation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370106.

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Sinding, Charlotte, François Valadier, Viviana Al-Hassani, Gilles Feron, Anne Tromelin, Ioannis Kontaris, and Thomas Hummel. "New determinants of olfactory habituation." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-227051.

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Habituation is a filter that optimizes the processing of information by our brain in all sensory modalities. It results in an unconscious reduced responsiveness to continuous or repetitive stimulation. In olfaction, the main question is whether habituation works the same way for any odorant or whether we habituate differently to each odorant? In particular, whether chemical, physical or perceptual cues can limit or increase habituation. To test this, the odour intensity of 32 odorants differing in physicochemical characteristics was rated by 58 participants continuously during 120s. Each odorant was delivered at a constant concentration. Results showed odorants differed significantly in habituation, highlighting the multifactoriality of habituation. Additionally habituation was predicted from 15 physico-chemical and perceptual characteristics of the odorants. The analysis highlighted the importance of trigeminality which is highly correlated to intensity and pleasantness. The vapour pressure, the molecular weight, the Odor Activity Value (OAV) and the number of double bonds mostly contributed to the modulation of habituation. Moreover, length of the carbon chain, number of conformers and hydrophobicity contributed to a lesser extent to the modulation of habituation. These results highlight new principles involved in the fundamental process of habituation, notably trigeminality and the physicochemical characteristics associated.

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Hadlaczky, Gergö. "Precognitive Habituation : An attempt to replicate previous results." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1017.

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This study was an attempt to replicate the positive results of a precognitive habituation (PH) experiment devised by Bem (2003). The procedure is based on the subliminal mere exposure (SME) design. In an SME procedure subjects are exposed to image-pairs in a preference task, after being exposed to one of those images (the target) subliminally. The target is preferred significantly more often due to the mere exposure effect. In the PH procedure the preference task precedes the exposure and images are of negative and erotic valence. It was hypothesized that due to exposure (in the future), subject preference will increase for negative and decrease for the erotic target images, especially for subjects classified erotically or negatively reactive (Bem, 2003). Also, that an overall (negative and erotic) effect would be shown. The results were not significantly above chance expectation for any of the hypotheses (50.0%; 47.2%, p = .149; 50.8%, p = .279).

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Christensen, Janne Winther. "Fear in horses : responses to novelty and habituation /." Skara : Dept. of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10071054.pdf.

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Hayward, C. J. C. "Habituation of the proboscis extension reflex in Drosophila." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603901.

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This study aimed to build on previous observations by identifying neurons involved in the proboscis extension reflex (PER), regions of the brain involved in habituation of this reflex, and molecules involved in the habituation process. The study consisted of four main areas: 1. Identification of neurons involved in the Proboscis Extension Reflex 2. Development of the Proboscis Extension Habituation Assay; 3. identification of regions of the Drosophila CNS involved in habituation; 4. Testing learning and memory mutants for defects in habituation. To determine whether the molecules involved in habituation are the same as those required for associative learning, I tested the mutant linotte for habituation. linotte¹ flies showed a severe disruption of habitation. linotte¹ is a PlacW insert that lies between two genes, pigeon and derailed. It is not clear which of these two genes is responsible for linotte learning phenotype. To determine which gene was responsible for the linotte habituation phenotype, I tested flies containing a derailed transgene (that excludes pigeon) and showed that the habituation phenotype could be completely rescued by this construct. In summary, this study added to the evidence that TeTxLC is a useful tool for studying behaviour in Drosophila. This work also strongly implicates the central complex, particularly the fan-shaped body, as playing a major role in the habituation process of the PER.

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Callaghan, Christopher E. "Cardiopulmonary analysis of habituation to simulated kayak ergometry." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11182008-063543/.

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Doney, Janice K. "Habituation to auditory stimuli by young children with autism /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3250679.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006.
"December, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-84). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.

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Dawson, Samantha J. "The habituation of sexual responses in men and women." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3258.

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Studies investigating the sexual responses of men and women in the laboratory reveal reliable sex differences. Men’s genital and subjective sexual responses exhibit a high degree of concordance and are category-specific (i.e., are dependent on the types of sexual cues presented). In comparison, women’s genital and subjective responses exhibit lower concordance and their genital responses are much less category-specific. One functional explanation for these sex differences is the preparation hypothesis of women’s genital responses: Women’s genital responses occur automatically in the presence of any sexual cue to protect the reproductive tract from injuries that may result from sexual activity. If this hypothesis is correct, then there should be a sex difference in patterns of habituation of genital responses. Specifically, women’s genital responses should be more resistant to habituation than men’s because the costs of not producing a genital response to sexual cues are inherently higher for women than for men. The results of two studies of 38 men and 38 women suggest, however, that repeated exposure to sexual stimuli leads to similar degrees of habituation of genital responses in men and women. Of note, attention appeared to influence the pattern of genital responses in both studies and higher attention did not preclude habituation. Implications for the preparation hypothesis, models of sexual arousal, and directions for future research are discussed.
xii, 93 leaves ; 29 cm

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Palmer, Kevin M. "Change of physical context impairs cardiovascular habituation to stress." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1123.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology

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McCaslin, David F. "The Cognitive Implications of Aristotelian Habituation and Intrinsic Valuation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1245.

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Habituation in the Aristotelian tradition claims that we develop our moral virtues through repeated and guided practice in moral actions. His theory provides important insights for moral education and as a result many contemporary philosophers have debated how to properly interpret his writing. This thesis will explore Aristotelian habituation and the competing interpretations surrounding it, namely the cognitivist and mechanical views. It will then criticize the mechanical view and argue that the intrinsic valuation of virtuous actions evidences a cognitivist interpretation of habituation in the Aristotelian tradition.

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Narat, Victor. "Interactions bonobos-habitats-humains : habituation, écologie,santé et conservation." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0030.

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Mieux comprendre les interactions entre les grands singes, les habitats et les hommes est un enjeu majeur pour la conservation de ces primates menacés. Cette étude porte sur les interactions entre des bonobos (Pan paniscus) et un socio-écosystème particulier. Dans une mosaïque forêt-savane, habitat peu fréquent pour le bonobo, des Batéké qui respectent un interdit alimentaire sur cette espèce ont créé une aire de conservation communautaire fédérée par l’ONG congolaise Mbou-Mon-Tour. Le site d’étude se situe dans le Territoire de Bolobo à la périphérie sud-ouest de l’aire de répartition des bonobos et à seulement 300 km de la capitale, Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo). Dans cette recherche, reposant sur une approche socio-écosystémique, une démarche interdisciplinaire a été privilégiée, associant primatologie, écologie, parasitologie et ethnoécologie. Nous avons évalué et discuté l’évolution du processus d’habituation de la communauté de bonobos de Manzano à partir des caractéristiques de l’espèce, de l’habitat et des relations locales humains-bonobos. Des données de référence sur le régime alimentaire de cette communauté de bonobos ont été établies. Elles ont montré, pour la première fois, le rôle d’aliment de réserve d’un fruit fibreux (Klainedoxa gabonensis) en période de faible disponibilité alimentaire et la consommaiton fréquente d’espèces végétales pionnières. Alors que les bonobos et les humains utilisent un espace commun, tout en évitant les rencontres directes, nous n’avons pas mis en évidence de transmission fréquente d’helminthes intestinaux entre ces deux espèces. Enfin, l’analyse de la mise en place de l’initiative de conservation communautaire souligne son orginalité, en particulier en utilisant la conservation pour atteindre des objectifs de développement. La dynamique de conservation qui en résulte modifie les représentations locales liées aux bonobos, espèce devenue un moteur de développement local. Ces approches disciplinaires ont chacune enrichi les connaissances actuelles sur les bonobos en milieu naturel et la mise en perspective des différents résultats a permis d’évaluer le potentiel de ce nouveau site d’étude des bonobos de Manzano pour des recherches de long terme
A better understanding of the interactions between great apes, habitats and humans is critical for the conservation of these threatened primate species. The purpose of this PhD work is to analyze the interactions between bonobos (Pan paniscus) and a particular socio-ecological system (SES) – a forest-savanna mosaic habitat, unusual for bonobos, in a community-based conservation created by an ethnic group with an eating-taboo on this species. The study site, inhabited by the Batéké people, is located in the Territoire de Bolobo at the southwestern most extent of the bonobo distribution area and only 300 km from the capital city, Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo). This work is based on an interdisciplinary approach linking primatology, ecology, parasitology and ethnoecology. We have analyzed the evolution of the habituation process and have shown how the features of the SES could influence it. Baseline data on the diet of this bonobo community were collected highlighting the role of filler fallbackfood of fruits of Klainedoxa gabonensis and the importance of pioneer species. Whereas bonobos and humans share a common area butavoid direct encouters, we did not find frequent intestinal helminths cross-species transmissions between these two species. Finally, we have shown how the community-based conservation project was unusual and used the conservation dynamics to reach local development goals. This dynamics changes local representations toward bonobos, which have become a driving force of local development. Each of these disciplinary approaches has improved current knowledge on free-ranging bonobos, and the confrontation of the different results was used to assess this new bonobo study site as a long -term study one

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Foerde, Karin Elaine. "Habit learning in humans acquisition, performance, and interactions with declarative memory /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456284591&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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15

Buckner, Lloyd Robert. "Within-session session changes in responding as a function of habituation vs. satiation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4635/.

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Behavior analysts refer to a decrease in response rate following repeated, contingent presentations of a reinforcing stimulus as a product of satiation. Other evidence suggests that these decreases may often be due to habituation to the sensory properties of the reinforcing stimulus. The investigation reported here sought to determine whether decreases in operant responding by 3 adults with developmental disabilities were due to satiation or habituation. During baseline, participants placed poker chips into a container, and no reinforcement was available. Within subsequent phases, participants received diet lemon-lime soda on a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement. In one condition, the color of the soda was constant throughout the session, and in another condition food coloring was added several minutes into the session. Results for at least 2 participants indicated that: (a) soda functioned as a reinforcer for placing poker chips in the can; (b) response rates decreased within the session to baseline levels; and (c) response rates increased following a change in the color of the soda within the session. Results for the third participant were less clear. The results support the argument made by other researchers that the terms habituation (a weakening of a behavior following contact with the reinforcing stimulus) and stimulus specificity (a strengthening of a behavior following a change in the reinforcing stimulus) may be more appropriate descriptors of within-session changes in responding. The factors associated with habituation and satiation, as well as both basic and applied research examples, are discussed.

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White, Melissa Lee, and melissa white@deakin edu au. "Emotional habituation to filmed violence employing the startle probe response." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.131711.

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This thesis reports on research examining the habituation of emotional variables to filmed violence. The following subjective emotional variables were assessed: positive feelings, anxiety, disgust, entertainment and anger. In addition, an objective measure of emotional response was recorded physiologically, using the startle eyeblink response. The mediating influence of personality, individual differences and contextual features on an individuals perception of and reaction to filmed violence were also explored. Study one was exploratory in nature served to identify and select the film stimuli to be employed in the subsequent studies. The primary aim of the study was to allow for the identification of violent stimuli considered to be most socially and culturally relevant. The present research builds on existing scientific literature which has began to appreciate that differences in the context of a portrayal holds important implications for its impact on viewers. Thus, a secondary and more specific desire of study one was to obtain an evaluation of the contextual features of the violent film segments. A sample of 30 participants viewed and rated the film stimuli on the variables of realism, fantasy and violence. From this exploratory study four violent film stimuli were subsequently employed. Study 2 used the eyeblink startle response proposed by Vrana, Spence and Lang (1988) to explore the habituation of emotional variables to a realistic depiction of filmed violence. Emotional response was assessed both objectively, using the eyeblink startle response and subjectively through individuals self-reports. In addition the study investigated the significance of individual differences as mediators of emotional response. Questionnaire and physiological data were obtained from 30 participants. Overall, repeated exposure to filmed violence resulted in a decline in both objective and subjective emotional response. Differences were identified in the manner in which men and women responded to the film. Women reacted initially and over time with more intense physiological and psychological reactions to the violent film than males. Specifically, men displayed more curiosity and reported greater entertainment and positive feelings in response to the film, whilst women found the violence more disgusting and reported higher levels of anger and anxiety. It was found that the eyeblink startle magnitude paralleled the subjective emotional processing of the violent film, thus providing further confirmatory evidence of its validity in the investigation of emotional reactions to a stimulus. Personality factors were found to mediate emotional response to filmed violence, with neuroticism most powerfully implicated. High levels of neuroticism were found to be associated with greater anger and anxiety and less positive feelings whilst viewing violent film. A high score on extraversion was correlated with higher levels of anger and lower levels of curiosity and entertainment. Whilst the aims of study 3 were identical to that of study 2, a variation in the contextual feature of the violent film stimuli under investigation was the distinguishing and pertinent feature. Study 2 provided data on the habituation of emotional response to a realistic depiction of filmed violence. Study 3 was concerned with emotional response over repeated exposure to a fantasized violent depiction. Therefore, allowing for a comparison regarding the effects of context on emotional response. The results of study 3, with respect to habituation of emotional response, personality and individual differences, were similar to that obtained in study 2. A comparison of the two studies, however, revealed that individuals responded significantly different to the contextual features of the violent portrayal. Compared to the fantasised portrayal the realistic film stimulus was reported to be more digusting, anxiety provoking and less entertaining. In addition, and not surprisingly respondents reported that the realistic portrayal resulted in the production of more anger and less positive feelings.

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Clayton, Richard Dean. "Habituation and diet comparison between two types of percid fish." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Goodyear, Sarah Elizabeth. "Habituation to Auditory Stimuli by Captive African Elephants (Loxodonta Africana)." TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1481.

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Elephants are cognitive species that exhibit many types of learning. Associative, social, and insight learning have been investigated with elephants, but one of the simplest forms, habituation, has not. As an individual learns that a stimulus is neither harmful nor beneficial, it will decrease its response to the stimulus through the process of habituation. Elephants possess a well-developed sensory system and may habituate to stimuli that could be used for enrichment and/or management. The aim of this study was to examine the habituation process of elephants in response to repeated presentations of two auditory stimuli –buzzing by a disturbed beehive and the sound of banging on pots and pans, as these sounds invoke alert and avoidance behaviors in wild elephants as part of humanelephant conflict mitigation. I hypothesized that elephants would initially exhibit strong reactions to both sounds, but these responses would diminish over repeated trials. I also hypothesized that their responses to the bee sound would decrease more slowly than to the pot/pans sound because bee buzzing represents a biological cue that a threat is nearby. This study was conducted using four female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) at the Nashville Zoo. Elephants received each stimulus for a 10-day period. On the first sound presentation, the elephants reacted by exhibiting distress, avoidance, and vigilance behaviors. Over repeated presentations, the elephants stopped responding to the stimuli, suggesting habituation had occurred. They also seemed to generalize their habituation between the first and second sound, resulting in a faster habituation to the second sound. Although a preliminary study, the results suggest that elephants learn which stimuli are non-threatening and subsequently stop responding to them, most likely through habituation. Specifically, the elephants habituated to bee buzzing and banging pots and pans, two deterrents used to stop elephants from entering farmlands and eating crops. Habituation is a major concern for the development of effective human-wildlife conflict mitigation and zoo enrichment programs. The results from this study indicate that habituation is an important learning process that should be considered during the implementation of captive and wildlife management, even for highly intelligent species such as elephants.

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Bravo-Lillo, Cristian Antonio. "Improving Computer Security Dialogs: An Exploration of Attention and Habituation." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/324.

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Computer dialogs communicate important security messages, but their excessive use has produced habituation: a strong tendency by computer users to ignore security dialogs. Unlike physical warnings, whose design and use is regulated by law and based on years of research, computer security dialogs are often designed in an arbitrary manner. We need scientific solutions to produce dialogs that users will heed and understand. Currently, we lack an understanding of the factors that drive users’ attention to security dialogs, and how to counteract habituation. Studying computer security behavior is difficult because a) users are more likely to expose themselves to risk in a lab experiment than in daily life, b) the size of observed effects is usually very small, which makes it necessary to collect many observations, and c) it is complex to balance research interests and the ethical duty not to harm. My thesis makes two contributions: a novel methodology to study behavioral responses to security dialogs in a realistic, ethical way with high levels of ecological validity, and a novel technique to increase and retain attention to security dialogs, even in the presence of habituation.

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Bravo-Lillo, Cristian. "Improving Computer Security Dialogs| An Exploration of Attention and Habituation." Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3690479.

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Computer dialogs communicate important security messages, but their excessive use has produced habituation: a strong tendency by computer users to ignore security dialogs. Unlike physical warnings, whose design and use is regulated by law and based on years of research, computer security dialogs are often designed in an arbitrary manner. We need scientific solutions to produce dialogs that users will heed and understand.

Currently, we lack an understanding of the factors that drive users’ attention to security dialogs, and how to counteract habituation. Studying computer security behavior is difficult because a) users are more likely to expose themselves to risk in a lab experiment than in daily life, b) the size of observed effects is usually very small, which makes it necessary to collect many observations, and c) it is complex to balance research interests and the ethical duty not to harm.

My thesis makes two contributions: a novel methodology to study behavioral responses to security dialogs in a realistic, ethical way with high levels of ecological validity, and a novel technique to increase and retain attention to security dialogs, even in the presence of habituation.

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Khani, Arash. "Untersuchungen über den Einfluss des Reizintervalls auf die Habituation der Schmerzschwellenerhöhung." Hannover Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000381064/34.

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Bernhard, Nirit. "Olfactory plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans, a separation of adaptation and habituation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/MQ45876.pdf.

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Roux, Armelle. "Habituation de la fixation visuelle chez le bébé de 4 mois." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30056.

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L'habituation est possible chez le nouveau né, le fœtus, l'adulte et même, à un autre niveau, la cellule nerveuse (Kandel, 1979). Pour notre part, nous avons choisi de l'étudier chez le bébé de 4 mois, tout comme de nombreux autres auteurs (Cohen, 1972 ; Lécuyer, 1989 ; Colombo, 1993). Les expériences menées dans le cadre de cette thèse visent à valider une interprétation du maintien de l'attention, faisant référence au processus physiologique de sensibilisation. Cette interprétation est proposée comme une alternative au modèle de Cohen (1972). Nos résulatts remettraient en cause l'idée selon laquelle l'habituation résulte de la nécessité pour le nourisson de se créer un modèle interne de la cible qui lui est présentée, comme le propose, par exemple, le modèle de Cohen (1972). En effet, la phase d'habituation ayant eu lieu, le modèle de Cohen (1972) suppose que les caractéristiques du stimulus sont stockées en mémoire. Le bébé ne devrait donc plus regarder la cible, mais ce n'est pas le cas. Il apparaît donc que l'attention portée à un stimulus ne dépend pas seulement de ses caractéristiques, mais qu'une image familière peut à nouveau être examinée s'il y a sensibilisation
Habituation can be observed in newborn, babies, fetuses, human adults and even, at another level, the nervous cell (Kandel, 1979). We have chosen to study habituation with the 4-month-old-baby as many other authors did (Cohen, 1972 ; Lécuyer, 1989 ; Colombo, 1993). The experiments held in the context of this thesis aim at testing an interpretation of attention holding, referring to the physiological process of sensitization. This interpretation is proposed as an alternative to Cohen's model (1972). Our results question the idea according to which habituation results from the necessity for the baby to build up an inner model of the target as proposed, for instance, by Cohen's model (1972). As a matter of fact, once the habituation phase is over, the stimulus characteristics should be stored in memory if Cohen's model is correct. Hence, the baby should no longer stare at the target, which is not the case in our experiments. It seems, then, that the amount of attention granted to a stimulus does not depend uniquely on its physical characteristics but that fixation of a familiar image can be restored after sensitization

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Szabo, Thomas G. "Toward an account of habituation patterns in young children with autism." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1467794.

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McGillivray, Lesley. "The role of auxin in habituation of Lactuca sativa callus tissue." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280912.

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Top, David Nicholas. "The Relationship Between Auditory Habituation and Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6879.

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Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have atypical sensory processing and behaviors including sensory sensitivity and low registration of sensory stimuli as well as sensory seeking and avoiding behaviors. Additionally, many individuals with ASD have clinically distressing levels of anxiety. Previous research suggests that there is a link between abnormal sensory processing, anxiety, and ASD. The purpose of this study was to experimentally observe auditory sensory processing using pupillometry methods, between ASD, control, and high-anxious control groups. While a difference in tonic pupil size was observed, there were no reactivity or habituation differences between the groups. There were no significant correlations between the pupillometry measures and behavioral measures of emotional distress and anxiety. These results do not indicate a relationship between anxiety and unimodal auditory response in ASD. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

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Lindsay, Robert C. "QUANTITATIVE AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF HABITUATION AT THE MAIZE r1 LOCUS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5655.

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Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in phenotypes that are not the result of changes in DNA sequence. Examples of epigenetic affecters include methylation changes, chromatin modifications, transcription factors, and RNA-based changes. The molecular mechanisms behind epigenetic changes are not fully understood. Canalization is the buffering of gene expression against environmental changes over time, while habituation is semi-stable expression change over time due to selection. This work characterized the molecular changes associated with the kernel color changes of the R-sc:86-17pale allele at the maize red color1 (r1) locus to determine if the changes are epigenetic in nature. The research; 1) quantified the color differences between the progenitor and habituated sublines; 2) Determined that there are not sequence differences between the progenitor and habituated sublines at the 3` end of the Sc||nc1 gene that could account for changes in seed color; 3) and examined the cytosine methylation patterns at the 3` end of the Sc||nc1 gene of the habituated sublines and the progenitor to determine whether there are methylation differences that correspond with the kernel color changes. Quantification of the kernel colors of the R-sc:86-17pale selection sublines showed that there was a statistically significant difference in kernel color. The identical sequence of the R-sc:86 line and the R-sc:86-17pale Lightest and R-sc:86-17pale Darkest sublines at the 3` end of the Sc||nc1 gene is evidence that the kernel color change is not driven by differences in sequence within the r1 gene. The methylation data suggests that some methylation differences in the R-sc:86-17pale Lightest and R-sc:86-17pale Darkest sublines are present, and suggests that the molecular basis of the kernel color is epigenetic in nature.

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Bonetti, Francesca. "Distractor filtering in the visual attention domain: evidence for habituation of attentional capture." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/245992.

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In everyday life, we are constantly surrounded by a huge amount of information.Since our attentional resources are limited, we need to select just the stimuli that we want to process. Despite our voluntary attempt to select a precise information, it often occurs that a salient stimulus or event automatically captures our attention, regardless its irrelevance. The fact that we are immediately and unintentionally attracted by sudden visual onsets provides a clear advantage for our survival. However, in spite of that, the possibility to counteract visual distraction is fundamental for an efficient interaction with the environment, particularly when a salient but irrelevant stimulation repeatedly affects our visual system. And then, how can we resist from being continuously distracted by irrelevant repetitive onsets? The current work is aimed to explore the mechanisms that we use to filter irrelevant information, with a focus on habituation, an ancestral form of learning that has recently been associated to the decrement of attentional capture observed in several studies. This experience-dependent learning process is defined as a behavioral response decrement that results from repeated stimulation and that does not involve sensory or motor fatigue. I will first provide the reader with a general introduction (Chapter 1) concerning the visual attention field, with a particular emphasis on attentional capture and the filtering of irrelevant information. I will then (Chapter 2) try to disentangle the two main accounts concerning the nature of the distractor filtering, the first claiming that filtering is accomplished to shield target processing from interference (top-down inhibitory control hypothesis), and the second stating that the passive exposure to a repeating visual onset is sufficient to trigger learning-dependent mechanisms to filter the unwanted stimulation (habituation hypothesis). After providing strong evidence in favor of the latter account, I will then examine (Chapter 3) to what extent the filtering of irrelevant information that we achieve through the mechanisms underlying habituation is affected by contextual cues, showing that this kind of filtering is context-dependent. Finally (Chapter 4), motivated by the existence of a strong functional and anatomical link between attention and the oculomotor system, I will explore whether habituation affects also the oculomotor capture triggered by an onset distractor, showing that the execution of reflexive saccades is subject to habituation, while the programming component is not. Taken together, the results of the present work give a strong contribution to the attentional capture field in showing that both attentional and oculomotor capture are subject to habituation, that this form of learning is context-specific and that it occurs also when we are passively exposed to a visual irrelevant stimulus.

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29

Bonetti, Francesca. "Distractor filtering in the visual attention domain: evidence for habituation of attentional capture." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/245992.

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In everyday life, we are constantly surrounded by a huge amount of information.Since our attentional resources are limited, we need to select just the stimuli that we want to process. Despite our voluntary attempt to select a precise information, it often occurs that a salient stimulus or event automatically captures our attention, regardless its irrelevance. The fact that we are immediately and unintentionally attracted by sudden visual onsets provides a clear advantage for our survival. However, in spite of that, the possibility to counteract visual distraction is fundamental for an efficient interaction with the environment, particularly when a salient but irrelevant stimulation repeatedly affects our visual system. And then, how can we resist from being continuously distracted by irrelevant repetitive onsets? The current work is aimed to explore the mechanisms that we use to filter irrelevant information, with a focus on habituation, an ancestral form of learning that has recently been associated to the decrement of attentional capture observed in several studies. This experience-dependent learning process is defined as a behavioral response decrement that results from repeated stimulation and that does not involve sensory or motor fatigue. I will first provide the reader with a general introduction (Chapter 1) concerning the visual attention field, with a particular emphasis on attentional capture and the filtering of irrelevant information. I will then (Chapter 2) try to disentangle the two main accounts concerning the nature of the distractor filtering, the first claiming that filtering is accomplished to shield target processing from interference (top-down inhibitory control hypothesis), and the second stating that the passive exposure to a repeating visual onset is sufficient to trigger learning-dependent mechanisms to filter the unwanted stimulation (habituation hypothesis). After providing strong evidence in favor of the latter account, I will then examine (Chapter 3) to what extent the filtering of irrelevant information that we achieve through the mechanisms underlying habituation is affected by contextual cues, showing that this kind of filtering is context-dependent. Finally (Chapter 4), motivated by the existence of a strong functional and anatomical link between attention and the oculomotor system, I will explore whether habituation affects also the oculomotor capture triggered by an onset distractor, showing that the execution of reflexive saccades is subject to habituation, while the programming component is not. Taken together, the results of the present work give a strong contribution to the attentional capture field in showing that both attentional and oculomotor capture are subject to habituation, that this form of learning is context-specific and that it occurs also when we are passively exposed to a visual irrelevant stimulus.

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30

England, Erica Lee Herbert James D. Forman Evan M. "Exposure with acceptance-based versus habituation-based rationale for public speaking anxiety /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3267.

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Funke, Markus. "Reaktivität und Habituation während der Nahrungsmittelkonfrontation bei Frauen mit Binge-eating Disorder." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2002/0074/.

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32

Packer, Robert R. "The effect of d-amphetamine on habituation of schedule controlled operant behavior." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/r_packer_070808.pdf.

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33

Giles, Andrew Christopher. "Candidate gene and high throughput genetic analysis of habituation in Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41565.

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The goal of my dissertation was to identify genes that are important for habituation (a decrease in response to a repeated stimulus) with the hope of bringing us closer to understanding the cellular and molecular mechanism that mediates this basic form of learning. To accomplish this I studied habituation of the tap withdrawal response in Caenorhabditis elegans; an organism with a tractable nervous system, well characterized habituation and availability of genetic tools and resources that make it easy to investigate the mechanisms of behaviour. Two approaches were taken. The first was a candidate gene approach where I investigated mutations in genes important for dopamine neurotransmission. A previous study showed that dopamine deficient and dopamine receptor mutants have abnormal habituation and the dopamine receptor is expressed within the tap sensory neurons. Investigating this effect more closely, I found that short-term tap habituation in C. elegans was dependent on the presence of E. coli (their food) and that this food-dependent modulation of habituation was dopamine dependent. The second approach involved characterizing habituation of a large set of C. elegans strains with known mutations in genes predicted to function in the nervous system. Many of these mutants had not previously been characterized. To accomplish this task, it was necessary to improve the speed and detail with which habituation can be assayed. In collaboration with the Kerr Lab at Janelia Farm Research Campus, we developed a high throughput C. elegans behavioural tracking system called the Multi-Worm Tracker. Using this tracking system, I examined many mutants and discovered hundreds of novel phenotypic variants for habituation in C. elegans. The genes affected by these mutations can now be investigated in more detail in order to identify the role that they play in the molecular and cellular mechanism of habituation.

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34

Bellardita, C. "HABITUATION AND SENSITIZATION OF THE MONOSYNAPTIC REFLEX IN IN VITRO SPINAL CORD." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169151.

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The capacity to ignore only those stimuli that are irrelevant and to channel behaviour into organized and directed actions in response to meaningful stimuli is necessary to conserve energy and focus behaviour. This behavioural definition of habituation and sensitization allows to understand the important role played by the two simplest forms of non-associative learning in ordinary life. Likely habituation and sensitization are terms denoting different neural processes (depression and facilitation) which work and compete each other, determining the final behaviour. The complexity of the mammalian models used to study habituation and sensitization 1,2 did not clarify the underlain mechanisms of these processes. They have been studied also in invertebrate models at a cellular level but the obtained results did not exhaustive explain these processes in mammalians. This study was aimed to use the monosynaptic pathway in in vitro spinal cord preparation of rat as a new model to study learning processes in mammalian. Furthermore we investigated how the two opposite processes of habituation and sensitization can interact to shape the final behavioural outcome. The spinal cord preparation has been isolated from rats between 5 and 15 days old. The dorsal root has been stimulated and the homologue MVR has been recorded. The MVR amplitude has been used as a parameter to evaluate the learning process. Repetitive application of a test stimulus (low intensity/low frequency stimulus, TS) resulted in an exponential decrement of the response, followed by its spontaneous recovery when the stimulation was withheld. The depression was directly related to the stimulus frequency and inverse related to the stimulus intensity. Furthermore habituation of the response occurred faster an at higher degree when more than one training trails have been used (potentiation of habituation). Its spontaneous recovery was longer when the final plateau-like level was reached and further stimuli were delivered (below zero effect). On the contrary a facilitation of the MVR was seen when a strong, noxious stimulus (high intensity stimulus, CS) was applied to a flexor root and the MVR was elicited from a different flexor root (dishabituation). The facilitatory effect of the CS decreased if it was repetitively applied (habituation of dishabituation). Interestingly an additional depression appeared on the habituated response, when the CS was delivered from a flexor root and the MVR was evoke from an extensor root. The stimulus features played a rule in elicit depression or facilitation. It was possible to elicit a pure depression and a pure facilitation processes, described by a simple mathematical model. A repeated stimulation could result in a depression of the response. However if the stimulus was sufficiently strong depression could be preceded by a transient facilitation or even replaced by enduring sensitization. The central processes underlain habituation and sensitization must to be inferred (Kandel, 1973). A decrement to repeated stimulation is usually termed habituation if it exhibits properties consistent with the behavioural definition of habituation. The MVR showed all the features of behavioural habituation, indicates by Rankin and colleagues (Rankin et all., 2009). The parameters of the TS and the CS could be modified to study the complex interactions between these two processes. Lastly this study represents an additional proof for the dual process theory of learning in which the two opposite processes interact to shape the final behaviour. In conclusion, the possibility to stimulate the dorsal roots with a well-known and defined input (the stimulation), to record the activity of the final output of the motoneurons (the behaviour) and to gain access to the cells underlain this circuit in a very well controlled conditions (known solutions, temperature, possibility to use drugs, etc.), give us the opportunity to use the in vitro spinal cord preparation of rat as a good model to study learning and memory in mammalian nervous system.

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35

Chard, Melissa. "Polyhandicap et évaluation cognitive : apports du paradigme d'habituation visuelle." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS037/document.

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Le polyhandicap est la conséquence d'une atteinte massive et précoce du Système Nerveux Central. Les personnes polyhandicapées présentent donc des difficultés motrices sévères ainsi qu'une déficience intellectuelle profonde, leur QI étant statistiquement estimé comme étant inférieur à 20. De ce fait, ces personnes ont besoin d'une assistance dans la réalisation des actes de la vie quotidienne, présentent des capacités d'apprentissage très limitées et n'ont pas accès à une communication symbolique. Aujourd'hui, nous ne savons que très peu de choses sur la vie cognitive des personnes polyhandicapées, et sur la manière unique et originale dont chacune d'entre elles construit ses connaissances sur le monde et développe ses propres compétences. Si l'étude et la compréhension du développement de l'enfant et du jeune polyhandicapé peut s'adosser sur les modèles et outils d'évaluation issus de la psychologie du développement, l'appréhension de sujets adultes reste, en revanche, très peu balisée. Ceci serait principalement lié au fait que chaque personne polyhandicapée présente des restrictions motrices importantes, une absence de langage oral et un répertoire de réponses comportementales dont l'interprétation va rester soumise à une importante variabilité inter-observateurs. L'objectif de ce projet de recherche est de mettre au point une méthode d'étude des compétences cognitives des personnes polyhandicapées de tout âge qui puisse tenir compte à la fois des spécificités liées à leurs handicaps multiples, tout en favorisant un cadre d'interprétation objectif des réponses comportementales de chaque personne. Pour cela, nous nous sommes donc inspirés des études menées chez des nourrissons âgés de quelques mois, basées sur le principe de l'habituation visuelle. Le paradigme d'habituation visuelle postule qu'un sujet exposé de manière répétée à un même stimulus visuel présentera un déclin progressif de la durée de fixation, correspondant à la construction et à la consolidation d'une représentation en mémoire de l'objet. La présentation d'un nouveau stimulus va donc entraîner une augmentation des temps de fixation, signe que le sujet s'est montré capable de comparer le nouvel objet à la représentation interne du précédent. Ainsi, il est possible d'étudier les capacités de discrimination et de mémorisation de sujets humains et non-humains, indépendamment de toute aptitude motrice ou verbale, seul le comportement visuel étant pris en compte. La première étape de notre travail de recherche a d'abord consisté à créer des conditions favorables à l'implémentation d'épreuves basées sur le paradigme d'habituation visuelle auprès d'un public de personnes polyhandicapées adultes. Une étude de faisabilité a donc d'abord été conduite à travers laquelle nous avons pu traiter d'aspects aussi bien matériels que méthodologiques. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre au point des conditions de passation et un matériel adapté. Ensuite, nous avons pu valider l'utilisation de cette approche auprès d'un échantillon plus large d'individus, en mettant en évidence un phénomène d'habituation et de déshabituation sur une épreuve de perception simple. Enfin, nous nous sommes penchés plus spécifiquement sur la manière dont ce paradigme pouvait s'appliquer à l'étude de certains domaines de compétences cognitives, et plus spécifiquement la perception du nombre et des quantités. Pour cela, trois tâches inspirées de la littérature en psychologie du développement ont été mises au point. Nous avons trouvé que les participants sont capables de différencier deux quantités d'objets lorsqu'aucune variable confondue n'est contrôlée, et que la position des objets reste déterminante dans leur capacité d'encodage des stimuli. Ces données nous ont conduits à réfléchir de manière plus globale sur la manière dont ces personnes peuvent construire leurs connaissances en l'absence d'action directe sur les objets de leur environnement
L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais

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36

Ahad, Palwasha. "Investigating physiological measures of early and late auditory habituation in autism spectrum disorder." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1472943.

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37

Anderson, Claes. "Habituation towards environmental enrichment in captive bears and its effect on stereotypic behaviours." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12570.

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The benefits gained by the presentation of environmental enrichment (EE) to captive animals are widely recognized. Few studies have, however, studied how to maximize the effect of EE. Repeated presentations of EE may cause a reduced interest towards the EE device, called habituation. To study the effect of habituation towards EE, behavioural data from 14 captive Sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) were collected during two different EE treatments. In treatment one, honey logs were presented for five consecutive days (ConsEE). In treatment two, the logs were presented every alternative day for five days (AltEE). The different treatments both showed a significant effect on responsiveness toward the EE, however, leaving gap days inbetween presentations in AltEE showed no reliable reduction in habituation. Both treatments significantly reduced stereotypies, however, only ConsEE reduced levels of stereotypies long term. Explorative behaviours, which are the most prominent behaviours in the wild, increased during both treatments. This is consistent with previous findings (Fischbacher & Schmid 1999, Grandia et al. 2001) that EE increases natural behaviours, which has been desribed as an indication of improved welfare (Carlstead et al. 1991 etc.). Other behavioural categories such as social and passiva behaviours were unaffected by the EE presentations. THe results show that it is possible to increase the effectiveness of EE by simple means in order to ensure animal welfare.

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Blixt, Torbjörn. "The behavioural response of mice to predator odours." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79068.

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The ability to detect and react to a predator odour is crucial for prey species. In the present study 10 mice (Mus musculus) were used to test the behavioural response of mice towards two predator odours (3-methyl-1-butanethiol and 3-mercapto-3-methyl-butan-1-ol) and one fruity odour (n-pentyl acetate). All three odours were tested against a near odourless blank stimulus (diethyl phthalate). The animals were individually placed in a test chamber of two equally sized compartments divided by a vertical Plexiglas wall with a semicircular opening. Their proximity to the odours, placed beneath the floor in petri dishes in each compartment, was measured continuously with stop watches. The mice spent less time in proximity to 3-methyl-1-butanethiol and n-pentyl acetate compared to diethyl phthalate (P<0,05). The mice did not prefer any specific compartment in the test with 3-mercapto-3-methyl-butan-1-ol compared to diethyl phthalate (P>0,05). The avoidance of 3-methyl-1-butanethiol and n-pentyl acetate can be explained either by neophobia, or in the case of 3-methyl-1-butanethiol that it contains sulphur. The lack of behavioural response towards 3-mercapto-3-methyl-butan-1-ol may be due to its loss of intensity over time. From this study it is not certain if mice have an innate fear of predator odours.

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39

Prescott, Steven A. "Interactions of habituation and sensitization at the network level illustrated by the tentacle withdrawal reflex of a snail." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20844.

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A significant goal in studies on learning and memory is to relate cellular plasticity to the modification of behaviour. The phenomenon of dual-process learning affords an ideal opportunity to explore the complexities inherent in establishing this relationship. Dual-process learning occurs when depression (habituation) and facilitation (sensitization) are expressed simultaneously within a neural network and compete to determine the behavioural outcome. A large body of literature is reviewed to define characteristics which are common across the neural networks that exhibit dual-process learning: depression occurs at loci early in the reflex pathway, upstream of the modulatory system necessary for the induction of facilitation. Consequently, depression not only competes directly with facilitation for the determination, of behavioural change (by serial and/or parallel expression), but depression also precludes the ongoing development and maintenance of sensitization (by serial induction). A mathematical model is presented to formally describe the nature of this competition and how this competition leads to the kinetics of dual-process learning. The tentacle withdrawal reflex of the snag Helix aspersa exhibits dual-process learning and was further investigated in this study. The neural circuit mediating tentacle withdrawal is described along with the nature and the location of plasticity which occurs within that circuit. In turn, plasticity at the cellular level is related, via the network level, to plasticity at the behavioural level. The data demonstrate the importance of localizing the sites of plasticity within a neural network in order to explain (1) how plasticity at a particular locus influences plasticity occurring elsewhere in the network and (2) how plasticity at different loci affect different aspects of behaviour.

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Clay, Andrea Wolstenholme. "Habituation and Desensitization as Methods for Reducing Fearful Behavior in Singly-Housed Rhesus Macaques." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19831.

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Operant conditioning using positive reinforcement techniques has been used extensively in the management of nonhuman primates in both zoological and laboratory settings. Based on a large body of previous research that demonstrates the utility of such techniques in reducing stress, abnormal behavior, and aggression, this research project was intended to develop and test the usefulness of habituation and counter-conditioning techniques in reducing the fear-responses of singly-housed male rhesus macaques living in the laboratory environment. Additionally, we investigated the variable of temperament as it relates to the reduction of fear-responsivity and overall training success. Based on a Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Sign Test, we found that animals exposed to desensitization training were significantly likely to show a reduction in the rate at which they engaged in cringing toward humans (exact significance = .016, one-tailed, N ties = 6), cringing in general (exact significance = .016, one-tailed, N ties = 6), and in stress-related behaviors (exact significance = .016, one-tailed, N ties = 6). Animals exposed to basic husbandry training or exposed to no training at all were not significantly likely to show a reduction in the rates of these behaviors. When these same behaviors were analyzed in terms of duration of behavior, desensitization-exposed animals were significantly likely to show reduction in the amount of time spent cringing toward humans (exact significance = .016, one-tailed, N ties = 6), but not in cringing behaviors in general or in stress-related behaviors. Neither the husbandry-exposed group nor the group exposed to no training showed a significant number of subjects exhibiting a reduction in duration of any of these behaviors. Additionally, initial temperament assessments were found to significantly predict the relative ability of subjects exposed to training to acquire trained behaviors such that animals generally ranked as more inhibited in terms of temperament also ranked as slower learners based on a Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks test, z = -.316, p = .752 (two-tailed). Results of this study could enhance both laboratory animal welfare and laboratory animal research, and could be a first step in developing techniques for reducing fearful behavior in rhesus monkeys in the laboratory environment.

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Spreekmeester, Emma S. "The effects of specific opiate receptor antagonists on the habituation of novelty-induced analgesia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29791.pdf.

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42

Godin, Jessica Maie. "Kin recognition by odor discrimination in dwarf hamsters (Phodopus campbelli) using an habituation paradigm." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/462.

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43

Bell, Juliet Clare. "Subject loss in an infant habituation task : an investigation of the nonrandomness of noncompletion." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388108.

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Olbrich, Heike Isabel [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung der stimulusabhängigen Habituation des nozizeptiven Flexorenreflexes und des nozizeptiven Blinkreflexes / Heike Isabel Olbrich." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071088149/34.

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45

Millêtre, Béatrice. "Habituation visuelle et traitement de l'information chez le nourrisson de 3 et 5 mois." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H063.

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L'habituation visuelle est consideree comme liee au traitement de l'information visuelle, mais peu d'etudes ont ete menees pour explorer ces liens. Notre travail s'est attache a definir les relations entre le deroulement de l'habituation visuelle et l'avancement du traitement de l'information. A l'issue de nos etudes, il apparait que le traitement de l'information visuelle est termine avant que l'habituation ne soit atteinte. L'habituation peut alors etre consideree comme la succession de deux etapes, la premiere pendant laquelle l'information est encodee et une representation formee, la seconde pendant laquelle l'input perceptif est compare a la trace precedemment formee et l'information reconnue comme identique. L'habituation montre les memes etapes a 3 et 5 mois
Visual habituation is often considered as linked to information processing, but very few studies have emphasized the relations. Our work has tried to define the relations between visual habituation and information processing. At the end of our experiments, it clearly appears that informaiton processing is achieved before habituation is reached. Habituation can then be considered as involving two successive operations, the first during which information is encoded and a representation made, the second one during which the perceptive imput is compared with the preceeding mnemonic trace, and information recognized as the same. Habituation shows the sam two operations at 3 and 5 months

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Manthey, Gesche [Verfasser]. "LEP-Habituation zur Detektion pathologischer zentraler Schmerzverarbeitung bei Patienten mit schmerzhafter Radikulopathie / Gesche Manthey." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148424911/34.

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Riva, Clare E. "Aristotle on Habituation, Voluntariness, and Moral Responsibility: To What Extent is Virtue Up to Us?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/548.

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This thesis explores Aristotle's theories of habituation and voluntariness and their impact on his ability to attribute moral responsibility to agents. Ultimately, I conclude that Aristotle should drop his assertions that we are morally responsible for our states of character in order to accommodate a compatibilist view that will still allow him to attribute moral responsibility for action to agents.

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Nöstl, Anatole. "How memory of the past, a predictable present and expectations of the future underpin adaptation to the sound environment." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20082.

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By using auditory distraction as a tool, the main focus of the present thesis is to investigate the role of memory systems in human adaptation processes towards changes in the built environment. Report I and Report II focus on the question of whether memory for regularities in the auditory environment is used to form predictions and expectations of future sound events, and if violations of these expectations capture attention. Collectively the results indicate that once a stable neural model of the sound environment is created, violations of the formed expectations can capture attention. Furthermore, the magnitude of attentional capture is a function of the pitch difference between the expected tone and the presented tone. The second part of the thesis is concerned with, (a) the nature (i.e. the specificity) of the neural model formed in an auditory environment and, (b) whether complex cognition in terms of working memory capacity modulates habituation rate. The results in Report III show that the disruptive effect of the deviation effect diminishes with the number of exposures over time, and also as a function of working memory capacity. The aim of Report IV was to investigate the nature (and specificity) of the neural model formed in an auditory environment. If the neural model is fashioned around a specific stimulus then an observable increase of response latency should occur in conjunction with the deviant change. The results in Experiment 1 in Report IV, however, show that the habituation rate remained the same throughout the experiment. To further test the specificity of the neural model the modalityof the deviant event was switched (from auditory to visual and vice versa) in Experiment 3 in Report IV. The collective findings indicate that the formed neural model may be of a more general nature than previously suggested. The aim of Experiment 2 in Report IV was to investigate what properties of the sound environment underpin habituation rate, more specifically if predictability of a deviant trial facilitates the habituation process. The finding that the habituation rate was similar whether there was a fixed temporal interval between the deviant trials or a random interval suggests that the amount of occurrences (i.e. number of deviant trials) determines habituation rate, not the predictability of a deviant trial.
Denna avhandling undersöker vilken roll minnessystem har i anpassningen till förändringar i den byggda miljön. Delrapport I och Delrapport II fokuserar på frågan om regelbundenheter i den auditiva miljön används för att skapa förväntningar och prediktioner gällande framtida händelser, och vidare, om avvikelser från dessa förväntningar fångar uppmärksamheten. Sammantaget tyder resultaten på att uppmärksamheten fångas om nämnda förväntningar inte infrias. Vidare visar resultaten att magnituden av den fångade uppmärksamheten är en funktion av skillnaden mellan den förväntade tonen och den presenterade tonen. Den andra delen av avhandlingen undersöker (a) karaktären (dvs. specificiteten) av den neurala modellen och (b) om komplex kognition i termer av arbetsminneskapacitet påverkar habituation. Resultaten i Delrapport III visar att den störande effekten av den avvikande tonen minskar dels med antalet exponeringar och dels som en funktion av arbetsminneskapacitet. Syftet med Delrapport IV var att undersöka hur specifik den skapade neurala modellen är. Resultaten i Experiment 1 i Delrapport IV visar att habituationstakten förblev densamma under hela experimentet även om den avvikande tonen byttes ut under experimentets gång. Detta tillsammans med resultaten i Experiment 3 i Delrapport IV, där habituation kunde påvisas även om modaliteten av den avvikande händelsen byttes från auditiv till visuell och vice versa, indikerar att den neurala modellen är av en mer allmän karaktär än vad man tidigare trott. Syftet med Experiment 2 i Delrapport IV var att undersöka vilka egenskaper i ljudmiljön som påverkar habituationstakten. Upptäckten att takten var likvärdig oavsett om det fanns ett fast eller ett slumpmässigt intervall mellan de avvikande tonerna tyder på att det är mängden förekomster (dvs. antalet avvikande toner), snarare än predicerbarhet, som avgör habituationstakten.

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49

Ross, Hayden Aaron. "The Effect of Disruptions on Vigilance." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8401.

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Abstract:

The goal habituation model of vigilance proposed by Ariga and Lleras (2011) posits that it is possible to attenuate the vigilance decrement (the decline in performance that occurs with time-on-task) through dis-habituation of a vigilance task’s goal. The goal in a vigilance task is to detect critical signals. Hence, a switch away from this goal should dishabituate the task goal. When a person resumes the vigilance task, the person’s performance should improve. Follow up studies to the Ariga and Lleras study have not found supporting evidence (Helton & Russell, 2011; 2012). The methods in these follow up studies differed from those of Ariga and Lleras in a number of ways. The present study attempts to replicate the original Ariga and Lleras (2011) work using methods that more closely follow the original study. The present research sought to uncover confounds in the original article through replicating the original task and manipulating variables in line with hypotheses made by attentional resource theory. Overall, the results of this research present a challenge to the goal habituation model. Rest breaks, not goal switching; lessened the magnitude of the decline in sensitivity with time on task, while task switching resulted in a temporary re-correction of increasingly conservative responding that occurred with greater time on task. We also found support for the context dependent relationship of task-unrelated thought, (TUT) and task demand. Given that the vigil was determined to impose relatively low workload, pre-task TUT was associated with average performance rather than post-task TUT. Finally, we discuss the dangers of over compliance with signal detection theory (SDT) measures. We explain that SDT sensitivity and bias measures are not independent given responding floor and ceiling effects during low demanding tasks such as the present. It is argued that this may have distorted the original conclusion arrived at by Ariga and Lleras (2011).

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50

Mills-Smith, Laura A. "Eye Gaze Does Not Attenuate Cognitive Load on 14-Month-Olds' Word-Object Associative Learning for Minimal Pairs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32779.

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It is well established in developmental science that 14-month-old infants have significant difficulty associating pairs of objects with pairs of words that differ by a single phoneme (i.e., minimal pairs). This study used a traditional switch procedure in two experimental conditions (i.e., no face versus face with shifting gaze) to habituate infants with objects and minimal pair labels. Additionally, infantsâ participated in a joint attention task and parents completed questionnaires related to family demographics and infant health and development, to compare to switch task performance. It was expected that infantsâ difficulty with minimal pair associative learning would be replicated in the no face condition. It was also predicted that the addition of a female face and the cues it could provide would abate the challenge that this task typically presents. As a group, infantsâ performances in the two conditions were not significantly different from each other and were not significantly different from chance. Analyses explored the relations between switch performance, joint attention task performance and questionnaire data, resulting in a significant correlation between performance in the face condition of the switch task and number of ear infections (r = .62, p < .05). Taken together, the addition of a female face with shifting gaze to a challenging word learning task does not sufficiently attenuate the cognitive load created by the task. The implications of these results are discussed further.
Master of Science

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Habituation'

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