Academic literature on the topic 'Habitual Exercise'
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Journal articles on the topic "Habitual Exercise"
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Kondo, Hiroyo, Hidemi Fujino, Fumiko Nagatomo, and Akihiko Ishihara. "Influence of Estrogen ReceptorαPolymorphisms on Bone Density in Response to Habitual Exercise in Japanese Postmenopausal Women." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/593927.
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Estrogen receptorα(ERα) is one of candidate genes for osteoporosis. This study examined the influence ofERαgene,PvuII, andXbaI genotypes on bone density of calcaneus in response to habitual exercise.ERαpolymorphisms were detected usingPvuII andXbaI restriction enzymes in 316 Japanese postmenopausal women. The bone density was significantly lower in the women carrying PP, pp, or xx genotype without habitual exercise than in the age-matched women without those genotypes. The women carrying Pp genotype without habitual exercise had normal bone density compared to those without Pp genotype. The women carrying PPxx or ppxx polymorphism without habitual exercise had low bone density compared to those with habitual exercise. Thus, the reduction of bone density was attenuated in the women carrying PPxx or ppxx with habitual exercise. In addition, habitual exercise was highly effective for the bone density in the women carrying xx homozygote. These findings indicate that analyses ofXbaI andPvuII polymorphisms ofERαmay be useful to predict the effect of exercise on bone density, and habitual exercise attenuates the reduction of bone density in women with some genotypes.
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Kruse, Nicholas T., William E. Hughes, Satoshi Hanada, Kenichi Ueda, Joshua M. Bock, Erika Iwamoto, and Darren P. Casey. "Evidence of a greater functional sympatholysis in habitually aerobic trained postmenopausal women." Journal of Applied Physiology 124, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00411.2017.
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Habitual aerobic exercise attenuates elevated vasoconstriction during acute exercise (functional sympatholysis) in older men; however, this effect remains unknown in postmenopausal women (PMW). This study tested the hypothesis that PMW who participate in habitual aerobic exercise demonstrate a greater functional sympatholysis compared with their untrained counterparts. Nineteen PMW (untrained n = 9 vs. trained n = 10) performed 5 min of steady-state (SS) forearm exercise at relative [10% and 20% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] and absolute (5 kg) contraction intensities. Lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) was used to increase sympathetic vasoconstriction during rest and forearm exercise. Brachial artery diameter and blood velocities (via Doppler ultrasound) determined forearm blood flow (FBF; ml/min). Forearm muscle oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]; ml/min) and arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2diff) were estimated during SS-exercise and SS-exercise with LBNP. Forearm vascular conductance (FVC; ml·min−1·100 mmHg−1) was calculated from FBF and mean arterial pressure (MAP; mmHg). Vasoconstrictor responsiveness was determined as the %change in FVC during LBNP. The reduction in FVC (% change FVC) during LBNP was lower in trained compared with untrained PMW at 10% MVC (−7.3 ± 1.2% vs. −13.0 ± 1.1%; P < 0.05), 20% MVC (−4.4 ± 0.8% vs. −8.6 ± 1.4%; P < 0.05), and 5 kg (−5.3 ± 0.8% vs. −8.9 ± 1.4%; P < 0.05) conditions, whereas there were no differences at rest (−32.7 ± 4.4% vs. −33.7 ± 4.0%). Peripheral (FVC, FBF, and [Formula: see text]) and the magnitude change in systemic hemodynamics (heart rate and MAP) did not differ between groups during exercise. Collectively, the findings present the first evidence suggesting that PMW who participate in aerobic exercise demonstrate a greater functional sympatholysis compared with untrained PMW during mild to moderate forearm exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Habitual aerobic exercise attenuates the elevated sympathetic nervous system-induced vasoconstriction during an acute bout of exercise (improved functional sympatholysis) in aging men; however, this effect remains unknown in postmenopausal women (PMW). The novel findings of this study suggest that habitual aerobic exercise results in an enhanced functional sympatholysis in PMW. Conversely, habitual aerobic exercise does not alter blood flow and oxygen utilization during acute forearm exercise compared with PMW who do not habitually exercise.
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Ni Kadek Yuni Fridayani, Yuliana Restu Tulak, and Cheuk Hin Ho. "Home-Based Exercise to Habitual Physical Activity Strategies for Elderly with Sarcopenia: A Literature Review." Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51559/ptji.v2i2.23.
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Background: Sarcopenia’s definition are low muscle strength, low muscle quantity or quality, and low muscle performance. Several studies have found that skeletal mass can decrease as a result of a lack of physical activity and it along have to increase risk of adverse outcomes including falls, frailty, disability, morbidity and mortality. Exercise interventions is the most effective strategy for increasing the skeletal muscle mass and maintain functional independence of elderly people. In this review will discuss about how physical activity be a habitual exercise that less cost and easy to do, will be home based exercise for elderly people with sarcopenia to decrease of exacerbate.
Methods: The literature had selected studies from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and PEDro. We explored evidence which relevant topic using the following database with keyword ‘sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia’, ‘exercise for sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia’, 'home-based exercise’, ‘physical activity for elderly’, ‘elderly with sarcopenia’ and selection by inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: Four studies were corresponded with home exercise-based habitual physical activity for people with pre sarcopenia and prevent sarcopenia which have been analyzed as results of the study. The habitual physical activity that can be home based exercise for prevent decreasing of muscle mass in elderly people are exercise snacking, stretching exercise, walking and tele exercise. All of the exercises showed significantly increased muscle mass and were easy to do, and those safety. The easiest is exercise snacking, but stretching exercise and walking around are more effective to increase the muscle mass and muscle strength compared to exercise snacking along.
Conclusion: Sarcopenia can be prevented in older adults with in home-based exercise from habitual physical activity such as exercise snacking, stretching exercise, walking around, and tele-exercise.
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Nishimoto, Daisaku, Shimpei Kodama, Ikuko Nishio, and Hyuma Makizako. "Association between the Perception of Behavior Change and Habitual Exercise during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010356.
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In general, the perception of behavior change may be associated with habitual exercise. However, this association might not be well-understood due to the state of emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study collected data from 1499 internet users aged 20–86 years living in Japan who participated in the online survey from 26 to 27 February 2021. Having a perception of behavior change was defined as preparation, action, and maintenance of the transtheoretical model. The habitual exercise was defined as 600 metabolic equivalent min/week or more based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio of habitual exercise and a 95% confidence interval was estimated after adjusting for related factors. We found that perception of behavior change was positively associated with habitual exercise (adjusted odds ratio = 2.41, 95%CI = 1.89–3.08), and similar associations were found in states of emergency (2.69, 1.97–3.69) and non-emergency (2.01, 1.34–3.01). Moreover, women were negatively associated in all analyses with habitual exercise compared to men (0.63, 0.49–0.80; 0.65, 0.44–0.96; 0.62, and 0.45–0.84, respectively). Thus, the perception of behavior change may be involved in the implementation of habitual exercise, suggesting that women face difficulties in engaging in habitual exercise.
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MONDIN, GREGORY W., WILLIAM P. MORGAN, PEDER N. PIERING, AARON J. STEGNER, CHRISTOPHER L. STOTESBERY, MALANI R. TRINE, and MING-YI WU. "Psychological consequences of exercise deprivation in habitual exercisers." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 28, no. 9 (September 1996): 1199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199609000-00018.
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Stockelman, Kelly A., Anthony R. Bain, Caitlin A. Dow, Kyle J. Diehl, Jared J. Greiner, Brian L. Stauffer, and Christopher A. DeSouza. "Regular aerobic exercise counteracts endothelial vasomotor dysfunction associated with insufficient sleep." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 320, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): H1080—H1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00615.2020.
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Habitual insufficient nightly sleep (<7 h/night) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and events. Endothelial dysfunction, specifically reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation and increased endothelin (ET)-1-mediated vasoconstriction, is considered to be a major contributing mechanism underlying increased vascular risk with insufficient sleep. In contrast to insufficient sleep, regular aerobic exercise enhances endothelial vasomotor function, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and associated events. In the present study, we determined the effects of aerobic exercise training on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and ET-1 vasoconstriction in adults who habitually sleep <7 h/night. After exercise training, although nightly sleep duration was unchanged, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly enhanced and ET-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone was significantly reduced in adults who sleep <7 h/night. Regular aerobic exercise training can mitigate insufficient sleep-related endothelial vasomotor dysfunction and, in turn, potentially reduce the cardiovascular risk associated with habitual insufficient nightly sleep.
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Maeda, Seiji. "Habitual Exercise and Cardiovascular Function." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 11, no. 10 (2006): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.11.10_36.
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Seals, Douglas R., Christopher A. DeSouza, Anthony J. Donato, and Hirofumi Tanaka. "Habitual exercise and arterial aging." Journal of Applied Physiology 105, no. 4 (October 2008): 1323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90553.2008.
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Aging affects the function and structure of arteries and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In healthy sedentary adults, aging is associated with increased stiffness (reduced compliance) of large elastic arteries; impaired vascular endothelial function, including reductions in endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD), release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (fibrinolytic capacity) and endothelial progenitor cell number and function; increased intima-media wall thickness (IMT); and peripheral vasoconstriction (decreased basal leg blood flow). Habitual physical activity/increased aerobic exercise capacity is associated with reduced risk of CVD. Compared with their sedentary peers, adults who regularly perform aerobic exercise demonstrate smaller or no age-associated increases in large elastic artery stiffness, reductions in vascular endothelial function, and increases in femoral artery IMT. A short-term, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention (brisk daily walking for 12 wk) improves carotid artery compliance and can restore vascular endothelial function in previously sedentary middle-aged and older adults. Reduced oxidative stress may be an important mechanism contributing to these effects. Habitual resistance exercise increases (high-intensity) or does not affect (moderate-intensity) large elastic artery stiffness, and prevents/restores the age-associated reduction in basal leg blood flow independent of changes in leg fat-free mass. Habitual exercise favorably modulates several expressions of arterial aging, thus preserving vascular function and possibly reducing the risk of CVD.
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Seals, Douglas R., Ashley E. Walker, Gary L. Pierce, and Lisa A. Lesniewski. "Habitual exercise and vascular ageing." Journal of Physiology 587, no. 23 (November 30, 2009): 5541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2009.178822.
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Corkery, Adam T., Kathleen B. Miller, Ronée E. Harvey, Anna J. Howery, and Jill N. Barnes. "Cerebral Pulsatility and Habitual Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000518845.87075.fd.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Habitual Exercise"
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Murray, Danielle Kristin. "How habitual exercise can benefit Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/47109.
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Exercise can improve symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), including bradykinesia, balance, cognition and quality of life, but the therapeutic mechanisms of benefit are poorly understood. First, this thesis aimed to fill a gap in the literature through a systematic review on the effects of exercise on cognition in PD. This systematic review identified the benefits of exercise for cognition, but found studies seldom involved an intervention over 12 weeks, and few human studies investigated mechanisms of exercise in PD. Therefore, we next tested our novel research question: what are the effects of long-term regular (i.e., habitual) exercise on PD, and what may be the associated mechanisms of benefit for motor and non-motor symptoms? Our study compared 12 PD subjects allocated to one of two matched cohorts (n = 6 each), differing only in regular exercise levels. The primary outcome was dorsal and ventral striatal dopamine release in response to acute exercise (30 min cycling) measured using PET and displacement of [¹¹C]raclopride (RAC) binding potential (BP). The secondary outcomes were response to reward in the ventral striatum measured with BOLD percent signal change (PSC) using fMRI, as well as clinical measures of motor function, cognition, mood and apathy. We found habitual exercisers did not release more striatal dopamine in response to acute exercise. In contrast, we found that habitual exercisers had increased RAC BP in their less affected anterior putamen post-exercise. During the fMRI card task habitual exercisers had greater BOLD PSC compared to baseline and both cohorts had greater activation during the reward phase compared to the anticipation phase. In terms of clinical outcomes, habitual exercisers had greater aerobic capacity (VO₂ peak, confirming cohort allocation), as well as improved finger tapping, peg insertion, faster walking, less depression, more positive affect, and less apathy. In summary, habitual exercise does not affect dopamine release in response to acute exercise, but may impact striatal RAC binding as well as response to reward in the ventral striatum. There may be dopaminergic contributions to the motor and mood benefits from habitual exercise in PD, but this topic requires further study.Medicine, Faculty of
Graduate
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Buchanan, Max. "Counter-conditioning habitual rumination with a concrete-thinking exercise." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29155.
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Objective: Anxiety and depression have been conceptualised as being associated with “an abundance of habit and a dearth of control” (Hertel, 2015, p. 1). There has been a recent and burgeoning interest toward understanding the role of habits in health psychology and in the psychological disorders of obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction in particular. To the author’s knowledge, there has been no previous systematic review that aimed to summarise the research investigating the involvement of mental habits in anxiety and depression in clinical and non-clinical populations. Method: The term habit was operationalized and inclusion criteria were specified in the domains of habit measurement, research paradigms, and manipulation tasks. A search across four databases was conducted: Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PubMed and OVID (PsycARTICLES and Journals@OVID). A progressive screening procedure yielded 8 relevant studies related to mental habits in anxiety (n = 1), depression (n = 4) and both anxiety and depression (n = 3). Results: Self-report habit measures correlate with the presence of symptoms. Computational modelling reinforcement learning and goal-devaluation paradigms demonstrate that anxiety and depression are associated with deficits in goal-directed learning and decision-making in favour of habitual learning strategies. Cognitive bias modification meets the criteria for enabling habit change and can strengthen or weaken interpretative habits in response to training. Conclusions: Despite considerable variability and limitations in the design of the studies appraised in this review, overall findings indicate support for habitual thought processes being implicated in anxiety and depression. Treating problematic thought processes in anxiety and depression as habitual – cued automatically by contextual cues, not goal-dependent and resistant to change – may be beneficial for future research and clinical applications. Abstract (Experimental Study) This study investigated predictions from the habit-goal framework for depressive rumination (Watkins & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2014) using a simultaneous replication single case experimental design in a multiple baseline case series. Seven high ruminators were recruited from community and university settings (with one participant’s data later excluded due to insufficient baseline rumination). Following a baseline monitoring period, participants received an intervention that included (i) spotting personal triggers for rumination and (ii) the practice of a scripted concrete thinking exercise (CTE) in response to these triggers, utilising an implementation intention (If-Then plan). It was predicted that practice of the IF-THEN CTE, linked to warning signs, would result in a significant reduction in both frequency and automaticity of rumination in the intervention phase compared to baseline. At the group level, using randomization tests (Onghena & Edgington, 2005), reductions in automaticity of rumination were trending toward statistical significance whilst the impact of the intervention on rumination frequency was not statistically significant. Effect size calculations, using nonoverlap of all pairs, demonstrated a medium effect of the intervention on automaticity (NAP = .76) and weak to medium effect on frequency of rumination (NAP = .66). Visual and statistical analysis of individual data demonstrated that two participants experienced statistically significant benefits (p < .05) for a reduction in automaticity of rumination and one participant’s frequency of rumination was significantly reduced. These two participants also showed the greatest levels of automaticity for the IF-THEN-CTE intervention during the intervention phase. Five participants demonstrated a strong or medium effect of the intervention on automaticity and two participants demonstrated a medium effect on frequency. Taken together, the data is broadly consistent with the predictions made by the habit-goal framework. Pre and post measures indicate reductions for all participants in rumination as habit using the self-report habit index (SRHI) and overall rumination levels rated on the ruminative responses scale (RRS). At post intervention three participants no longer met criteria for inclusion to the study on the RRS. Despite mixed results, feedback at debrief indicated that the intervention was acceptable to participants who reported that they would carry on using it after the study ended.
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Shaw, BS, I. Shaw, and GA Brown. "Relationship between resistance training and selfreported habitual macronutrienr and energy intake." South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001194.
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Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions and more effective treatments are required
to prevent the expansion of this disease. Treatments should focus on creating a
negative energy balance either via increasing energy expenditure or by decreasing
energy intake, or preferably both. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to
investigate whether resistance training can influence feeding behaviour as
determined by self-reported habitual macronutrient and energy intake. The effect of
eight weeks of resistance training (n = 13) on self-reported macronutrient and
energy intake was compared to a non-exercising control group (n = 13) in inactive
males using a computer-based software program. Similar to the non-exercising
control group, resistance training resulted in no significant (p > 0.05) changes in
the habitual intake of daily intake of total kilocalories, carbohydrates, proteins and
fats. In conclusion, eight weeks of resistance training is not an effective mode of
training to promote an improvement in macronutrient and energy intake and despite
studies demonstrating that exercise itself, in the absence of counseling, may affect
feeding behaviour, it may be that resistance training as a mode of training may not
be an effective mode of exercise to promote overall physical activity in an attempt to
modify the patterns of macronutrient and energy intake. As such, negative energy
balance would solely be due to the energy expenditure during this mode of exercise.
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Fart, Frida. "Effects of habitual exercise on saliva immunoglobulin A in older adults." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för läkarutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-36973.
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Nes, Bjarne Martens. "Peak oxygen uptake and habitual exercise as a basis for primary prevention." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sirkulasjon og bildediagnostikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23793.
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Maksimalt oksygenopptak (VO2peak) er rekna som ein av dei viktigaste prognostiske markørane for framtidig hjarte-/karsjukdom og tidleg død. Ettersom direkte måling av VO2peak er tidkrevjande og kostbart har implementeringa i førebyggjande helsearbeid og klinisk praksis vore begrensa. Både VO2peak og ei rekkje andre sentrale helseparameter, kan betrast ved ei viss mengd fysisk aktivitet i kvardagen, og dagens globale anbefalingar er at alle vaksne bør utføre minst 150 minutt med moderat intensitet eller minst 75 minutt med høg intensitet per veke. Utforminga av anbefalingane inneber at det totale energiforbruket, og dermed helsegevinstane, kan oppnås ved ulike tilnærmingar der kortare varigheit kan kompenserast med høgare intensitet og vice versa. I dette prosjektet nytta me data på direkte målt VO2peak frå 4631 deltakarar i den siste Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT 3, 2006-08) til først å utvikle ein prediksjonsmodell for å kunne estimere VO2peak og vidare undersøke om denne modellen kunne predikere framtidig hjerte-/kardødeligheit og død uansett årsak i ein stor befolkning. Me såg vidare på korleis ulike tilnærmingar til dagens anbefalingar for fysisk aktivitet var assosiert med direkte målt VO2peak i utvalet frå HUNT. Hovedfunna i avhandlinga er at VO2peak kan estimerast relativt nøyaktig ved ein regresjonsmodell med lett tilgjengelige variablar som alder, kroppssamansetning, fysisk aktivitetsnivå og kvilepuls og at modellen kan nyttast til å kategorisere personar med låg eller høg direkte målt VO2peak. Denne modellen vart nytta til å estimere VO2peak i eit stort utval friske deltakarar frå HUNT 1 (1984-86) som vart fulgt fram til registrert dødsdato eller slutten av 2010. For kvar 3,5 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 høgare estimert VO2peak var risikoen for død av hjarte- /karsjukdom 21 % lågare for personar av begge kjønn som var under 60 år ved undersøkelsen, medan risikoen uansett dødsårsak var henholdsvis 15 % og 8 % lågare for menn og kvinner. Vidare viser me at grupper som rapporterer fysisk aktivitetsvanar i tråd med dagens anbefalingar, anten ved moderat relativ intensitet over lengre tid eller høg intensitet over kortare tid, i gjennomsnitt hadde tilfredsstillande høg og tilnærma lik VO2peak. Samtidig viser me at eit relativt begrensa antal personar som rapporterte ein tidsbruk under minimum anbefaling, men med svært høg relativ intensitet, også hadde tilsvarande høg VO2peak. Også når tidsbruken eller det samla energiforbruket var konstant fann me at dei som rapporterte høg intensitet hadde høgare VO2peak enn dei som rapporterte låg eller moderate intensitet.Directly measured peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is established as an important prognostic marker of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality, but is rarely evaluated for prevention purposes or in primary care settings due to costly and time-consuming procedures. Both VO2peak and several other health parameters can, however, be improved and maintained by regular exercise, and today`s recommendations suggest that all adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity or 75 minutes or vigorous intensity exercise per week. Hence, the total recommended volume or energy expenditure may be reached by strictly different approaches. In the current thesis, data on directly measured VO2peak in 4631 individuals from the third wave of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 3, 2006-08), were used to first derive a simple prediction model for VO2peak that potentially could supplement direct measurements in healthcare settings and for research purposes. Next, the clinical utility of this model was examined by its ability to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large sample of healthy men and women from the HUNT 1 (1984-86) cohort. Furthermore, we examined how different combinations of intensity and total time spent at habitual exercise were associated with VO2peak in apparently healthy, community dwelling individuals from HUNT 3. The findings in this thesis indicate that VO2peak can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by using easily available clinical and selfreported variables such as age, body composition, self-reported physical activity and resting heart rate, and that the model can be used to correctly classify subjects in the correct tail of the VO2peak distribution. For each metabolic equivalent (i.e. MET, ~3.5 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) higher CRF, the risk of CVD mortality was 21% lower in both men and women who were below 60 years at baseline, while the corresponding risk of all-cause mortality was 15% and 8% lower in men and women, respectively, for each MET higher CRF. Furthermore, we demonstrate that habitual exercise patterns of moderate intensity for a long total duration or vigorous intensity for a relatively short duration, adding up to the total volume as recommended by the health authorities, both were associated with a beneficial VO2peak –level. However, a higher VO2peak was observed among those reporting vigorous intensity compared to low and moderate intensity for a similar time spent, and energy expenditure used during exercise.
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Harris, Stephen Alan. "Effect of aging and habitual aerobic exercise on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and autonomic function in humans." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1465.
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Oh, Hwajung. "Acute effects of exercise on self-regulation of snacking-related variables among habitual snackers." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3434.
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Theories of health behaviour change largely focus on two process, one involving cognitions and one involving more automated and responsive behaviour (Rothman, Sheeran, & Wood, 2009). The former theories focus on beliefs and attitudes, planning, intentions and goal focused actions. The latter focus on capacity to self-control actions in certain situations. Self-regulation theory considers the effort that people invest to control their own responses to achieve particular goals (Vohs & Baumeister, 2004). Within theories of addiction, self-control is fundamentally challenged. Incentive-Sensitization theory (Robinson & Berridge, 1993) suggests that cues become associated with incentive value and a sensitised motivational response. Despite the best of intentions to avoid a certain unhealthy behaviour, a learned automatic response becomes the norm. Only recently have aspects of eating become linked to addictive behaviour (Avena, Rada, & Hoebel, 2008; Benton, 2010) and the idea of building self-regulatory capacity is of increasing interest (Johnson, Pratt & Wardle, 2011). Short single bouts of exercise appear to reduce self-reported cravings, engagement in addictive behaviours, and salience of cues associated with the behaviour for smokers (Taylor, Ussher, & Faulkner, 2007), and rehabilitating alcoholics (Ussher, Sampuran, Doshi, West, & Drummond, 2004). Regular exercise may also have benefits on self-regulation of other behaviour (Oaten & Cheng, 2006; Ussher, Taylor & Faulkner, 2008). Studies of animals addicted to various substances also support the idea that physical activity attenuates consumption (e.g., Smith, Schmidt, Iordanou, & Mustroph, 2008). The aims of this thesis were to examine the effect of a short bout of exercise on self-regulatory processes associated with snacking involving behavioural observation, self-report measures, direct and indirect measures of attentional bias. Also the effects of different intensities of exercise, level of stress, participant weight, smoking status, and period of abstinence were explored. In Study 1, ad libitum chocolate consumption was measured in a simulated workplace (low and high stress situation via Stroop task). The effect of prior moderate intensity exercise (a 15 min-brisk walk) was compared with a passive condition in a randomised 2 x 2 factorial design, involving 78 abstaining regular chocolate eaters. The main findings of Study 1 were that the two (low & high stress) exercise groups ate significantly less chocolate than the passive groups. The manipulation of different stress situations did not influence the effect of exercise on chocolate consumption. Study 2 and Study 3 involved a randomised counterbalanced cross-over design in which the effects of exercise were compared with a passive condition. In Study 2, the effect of moderate intensity exercise (a 15 min brisk walk) on self-reported craving and attentional bias (using a visual dot probe task, with chocolate and neutral images presented in matched pairs) (both measured before and after each condition) were assessed among different groups (normal and overweight people, and 1 day and > 1 week (during Lent) chocolate abstainers) with a total of 58 participants. Exercise significantly reduced chocolate craving and attentional bias to chocolate images compared with a passive condition and the effects were similar irrespective of Body Mass Index and abstinence period. In Study 3, given that abstinent smokers are at risk of emotional eating and weight gain, regular smokers and snackers were asked to abstain from smoking. Self-reported craving and attentional bias (using an eye tracking technology with short video clips) for both snack foods and cigarettes (presented alongside neutral images) were measured. The effects of two different intensities of exercise (i.e., 15 mins of moderate and vigorous intensity cycling) were examined among 23 temporarily abstinent smokers compared with a passive condition. The findings revealed that subjective snack cravings and strength of desire to smoke were reduced during and immediately after both moderate and vigorous exercise. In terms of attentional bias, initial attentional bias (% of first fixation) to snacking/smoking images were reduced after both intensities of exercise and maintained attentional biases (% of dwell time) to snacking/smoking images were reduced only after vigorous exercise. Overall, the series of studies found that a short bout of moderate intensity exercise appears to reduce cravings and attentional bias to snack-related food cues, and the effects were similar among different groups, different type/intensity of exercise, and different measures of cravings. The findings of this thesis have therefore suggested that compared with being sedentary a short bout of physical activity may help to enhance self-regulation of snacking among people with a habit of snacking, particularly with chocolate.
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Aljaloud, Khalid. "Habitual physical activity assessment using objective measuring devices : observations in lean and obese adults and children." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2541.
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Physical inactivity is one of the major public health problems in many parts of the World. In Scotland it is reported that two thirds of Scottish adults (>16yrs) and one third of Scottish children (<16yrs) do not do sufficient physical activity to gain the health benefits of physical activity. Furthermore, there is still much debate about the nature and volume of physical activity required to provide health benefits. Therefore, more investigations are required to help improve our understanding of the links between physical activity, obesity and health. In addition, the assessment of habitual physical activity needs to be accurately quantified using appropriate methods that are valid and reliable. The main aims of this thesis were thus to assess the validity and reliability of three new generations of movement sensing devices (Actigraph, ActivPAL and SenseWear PRO2) in adults and adolescents in a controlled laboratory environment and to then use the most valid and reliable device in assessing the habitual physical activity of adults (lean and overweigh/obese) and adolescents in a free-living situation. Following objectively assessing the habitual physical activity, investigation of the associations between physical activity status and cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk markers in adults and adolescents were the last main aims of this thesis. In the first study, the results indicated that the new generations of the three devices were reliable in assessing EE during walking on the flat and on a 5% incline in lean and overweight/obese adults and lean adolescents. However, none iii of these devices and the methods or programme versions that were selected and applied was able to accurately estimate EE during walking on a treadmill. However, based on the sensitivity data obtained and previous evidence, the Actigraph was considered the most appropriate device for assessing the habitual physical activity due to its ability to discriminate between physical activity intensities. The second and third studies concluded that adults (including lean and overweight/obese) met the recommended physical activity guidelines for health and wellbeing purposes. However, the data suggest that overweight/obese participants may need to be advised to spend more time in MVPA and probably more vigorous activity to not only reduce body fat but also to increase cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce their chances of future cardiovascular and metabolic disease. The fourth and fifth studies, demonstrated that the Scottish adolescents –in the cross sectional study- were below the recommended physical activity guidelines. When the method of physical activity assessment was adjusted the Scottish adolescents were similar to the adolescents in other European countries and were observed to be more active than adolescents in some of the developed countries such as American adolescents (Texas State). In the case of lean adolescents who have a low physical activity- but who are not sedentary- the cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk markers may not be obvious at this stage, but the differences in glucose and HOMA-IR suggest that there may be early signs of progression towards metabolic disease in this group. iv The importance of the associations between vigorous physical activity and body fat, as well as between body fat and the risk markers of metabolic disease, suggests that future intervention studies should focus on monitoring the outcome from vigorous physical activity interventions vs. moderate activity within current guidelines.
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Wong, Tung-kwong. "Aspects of habitual physical activity in Hong Kong primary school children /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20263466.
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Pollock, Susan L. "Habitual physical activity and the association with disease severity and exercise capacity in cystic fibrosis, a pilot study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0024/MQ50362.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Habitual Exercise"
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Hickman, Pamela. Habitats. Toronto: Kids Can Press, 1993.
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Hickman, Pamela. Les habitats. Saint-Lambert, Québec: Héritage, 1994.
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Hickman, Pamela M. Habitats: Making homes for animals and plants. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1993.
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Hickman, Pamela M. Habitats. Toronto: Kids Can Press, 1993.
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Exercise responses to a single dosage of caffeine in habitual caffeine consumers. 1985.
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Exercise responses to a single dosage of caffeine in habitual caffeine consumers. 1987.
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The relationship between habitual physical activity and reactivity to psychological stress following acute exercise. 1986.
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Publishing, DailyGrateful. GYM IT Panda Workout Logbook: Cute Panda Exercise Tracker to Make Your Workout Habitual. Independently Published, 2019.
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Habitual physical activity and the association with disease severity and exercise capacity in cystic fibrosis: A pilot study. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.
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The effect of habitual physical activity on left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left ventricular posterior wall thickness: In postmenopausal women as measured by M-mode echocardiography. 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Habitual Exercise"
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Engels, H. J., J. C. Wirth, and E. M. Haymes. "Metabolic and Ventilatory Effects of Caffeine During Light Intensity Exercise in Trained and Sedentary Low Habitual Caffeine Users." In Current Research in Sports Sciences, 321–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2510-0_47.
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Hu, Yi-Ling, and Chiung-ju Liu. "Preventing Falls by Integrating Functional Exercise into Habitual Daily Routines." In 50 Studies Every Occupational Therapist Should Know, edited by Elizabeth A. Pyatak and Elissa S. Lee, 5—C1.P48. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197630402.003.0001.
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Abstract This chapter reviews a three-arm clinical trial, which compared the LiFE (Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise) program to structured strength and balance exercise and gentle flexibility exercise. Older adults, aged 70 years and above, who had a history of falls were recruited from the community and randomly assigned to one of the three exercise programs. Older adults in the LiFE program successfully integrated strength and balance exercises into their everyday activities. Significant improvements in favor of the LiFE condition were observed for fall rates, static balance, ankle strength, function, and participation. The study shows that the LiFE program is an effective alternative fall prevention program compared to traditional structured strength and balance exercise.
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Wang, Dan, Kaiyuan Qu, Mingming Yangm, Xin Yang, Anqi Lu, and Jun Ren. "Cardiorespiratory Benefits of Exercise." In Cardiorespiratory Fitness - New Topics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107360.
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Abundant evidence proved that the amount of habitual exercise and the level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this chapter, you can learn about the cardiorespiratory benefits of exercise, involving: (1) delay the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) affecting many of the standard cardiorespiratory diseases risk factors, such as plasma lipids, especially high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose levels, blood and hypertension control; (2) improve the cardiac output (CO) and the CRF of different ages. However, certain kind of exercise might not be applicable to cardiac patients, since high-intensity, high-volume exercise may increase all-cause mortality among these patients. At present, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends that aerobic exercise (AE) and resistance exercise (RE) two or three times a week is related to better physical function at different ages, improvement of muscle strength, body composition and, especially, CRF.
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Moss, Anne Eakin. "Cinema as Spiritual Exercise: Tarkovsky and Hadot." In ReFocus: The Films of Andrei Tarkovsky, 209–24. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474437233.003.0013.
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This chapter examines Tarkovsky’s cinema in relation to contemporary philosopher Pierre Hadot’s concept of spiritual exercises. As the chapter demonstrates, each of Tarkovsky’s films could be seen as such spiritual exercises because of numerous parallels with Hadot’s theory: all his protagonists demand of themselves extreme forms of mental concentration, focused on goals that depart from the everyday and can only be seen as metaphysical, and all of them are quixotic seekers passionately involved in spiritually transcendent quests characterized by deep attention to the world around them. Furthermore, the author argues, the viewer’s experience could also serve as an example of Hadot’s idea of how spiritual exercises might be practiced via deepening and transforming habitual perception.
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Thomas, Gregory S., L. Samuel Wann, and Myrvin H. Ellestad. "Predicting Prognosis with the Exercise Test." In Ellestad's Stress Testing, edited by Gregory S. Thomas, L. Samuel Wann, and Myrvin H. Ellestad, 229–67. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225483.003.0011.
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The chapter Predicting Prognosis with the Exercise Test: Putting It All Together synthesizes the diagnostic and prognostic components other the presence or absence of ST depression that can increase the power of exercise testing. These components include resting heart rate, time of onset and magnitude of ST depression, angina, exercise duration, heart rate recovery, chronotropic incompetence, and the ST Heart Rate Index. The sensitivity and specificity of exercise testing and Bayes theorem are reviewed in conjunction with the challenge of determining a satisfactory gold standard for defining coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemia. The implications of the decrease in the burden of CAD in the United States and other industrialized countries is reviewed, including the opportunity to include ≥1.5 mm of upsloping ST depression as a criterion of an abnormal exercise test. The implications of Bayes Theorem and post-referral bias are scrutinized. Emerging data suggesting that habitual physical activity and physical fitness may decrease cancer risk is examined.
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Thomas, Gregory S., and Myrvin H. Ellestad. "Sports Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation for Coronary and Peripheral Artery Disease Patients." In Ellestad's Stress Testing, edited by Gregory S. Thomas, L. Samuel Wann, and Myrvin H. Ellestad, 495–516. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225483.003.0026.
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The chapter Sports Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation for Coronary and Peripheral Artery Disease (CAD) reviews the benefits and potential risks of physical activity and the opportunity for particular benefit in patients with coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Longitudinal studies of large populations have found a benefit to habitual exercise on cardiovascular health, including decreasing cardiovascular mortality. A physiologic training effect is not required for benefit. Mild exercise is better than inactivity and increasing activity provides even greater benefit. Athletic training induces expected electrocardiographic changes at rest in athletes. Prescribing exercise with or without an exercise test is discussed in asymptomatic individuals as well as prior to participation in traditional cardiac rehabilitation or a supervised exercise program for patients with peripheral artery disease. PAD patients often do not have classic intermittent claudication yet are able to benefit from exercise therapy.
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Jordaan, Adele, Mariette Swanepoel, Yvonne Paul, and Terry Jeremy Ellapen. "The Interprofessional Clinical and Therapeutic Team Strategy to Manage Spinal Cord Injuries." In Therapy Approaches in Neurological Disorders. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94850.
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A popular comorbidity of spinal cord injuries is physical deconditioning that frequently prejudice the person to increased risk for secondary non-communicable diseases, such as non-dependent insulin diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cardiorespiratory diseases, obesity, osteoporosis, arthritis and osteoarthritis. Clinical literature has shown that spinal cord injured individuals have a poor cardiometabolic risk profile that amplifies the likelihood of secondary non-communicable diseases. Components of physical deconditioning include muscle atrophy, decreased aerobic capacity, inflexibility and diminished muscle and endurance. Another problem associated with spinal cord injuries is reliance or dependence on others. The combination of poor physical conditioning and dependence on others often adversely impacts on the individual’s quality of life, limiting their social interaction with others. The adherence to habitual physical activity and exercises has shown to increase conditioning status, improve health and wellbeing, increase independence, and improve confidence and self-image and successful re-integration in community. Therefore it is of paramount importance to increase awareness of the benefits of habitual physical activity and exercise to spinal cord injured patients, medical and clinical practitioners, family and friends. This chapter intends to highlight the health benefits of habitual physical activity in relation to selected secondary non-communicable diseases, and, the importance of interprofessional clinical and therapeutic team strategy to improve the spinal cord injured individuals’ quality of life.
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Vanhees, Luc, and Mats Börjesson. "Cardiovascular screening of adult/senior competitive athletes." In The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology, edited by Antonio Pelliccia, Hein Heidbuchel, Domenico Corrado, Mats Börjesson, and Sanjay Sharma, 352–58. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779742.003.0039.
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Regular physical activity at moderate to intense intensity provides substantial health benefits. Therefore individuals should be encouraged to increase their level of physical activity. However, acute bouts of moderate to vigorous exercise may induce cardiovascular (CV) complications, such as malignant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death/arrest (SCD/SCA), in adults and seniors, mainly due to known or occult cardiovascular disease. The rationale for cardiovascular evaluation and screening is to minimize these dangerous cardiac complications and to ensure safe participation in competitive or leisure-time sports. In individuals engaged in moderate to intense leisure-time physical activities or sporting activities, cardiovascular evaluation should be based on theidentification and severity of the underlying cardiovascular disease. The extent of the evaluation should depend on the intended level of physical activity, the habitual level of exercise and the individual risk profile. Several recommendations for screening, evaluation, and eligibility, given by international societies in Europe and the USA, are discussed. For adult/senior competitive athletes, screening should consist of, at least, personal and familial history (including symptoms), clinical examination, resting ECG, and graded maximal exercise testing, with the last of these mainly in subjects with increased CV risk. Depending on the underlying disease or risk, additional examinations may be required.
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Corrado, Domenico, and Alessandro Zorzi. "Pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes." In The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology, edited by Antonio Pelliccia, Hein Heidbuchel, Domenico Corrado, Mats Börjesson, and Sanjay Sharma, 339–51. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779742.003.0038.
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Sudden cardiac arrest is most often the first clinical manifestation of an underlying cardiovascular disease and usually occurs in previously asymptomatic athletes. The risk–benefit ratio of physical exercise differs between young competitive athletes and middle-aged/senior individuals engaged in leisure-time sports activity. Competitive sports are associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiovascular death in susceptible adolescents and young adults with underlying cardiovascular disorders. In middle-aged/older individuals, physical activity can be regarded as a ‘two-edged sword’: vigorous exertion increases the incidence of acute coronary events in those who do not exercise regularly, whereas habitual physical activity reduces the overall risk of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Although cardiovascular pre-participation evaluation offers the potential to identify athletes with life-threatening cardiovascular abnormalities before the onset of symptoms and may reduce their risk of sudden death, there is a significant debate among cardiologists about its efficacy, the impact of false-positive results, and the cost-effectiveness of routine screening. This chapter presents an appraisal of the available data and criticisms concerning screening programmes aimed at preventing sudden death of either young competitive athletes or older individuals engaged in leisure-time sports activity.
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Barney, Rachel. "Becoming Bad." In Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, Volume 57, 273–308. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850847.003.0009.
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Aristotle says little about moral badness [kakia], but his four central claims about it suffice to entail a rich and plausible account. Badness is the disposition opposed to virtue, and so symmetrical with it in various ways; it is acquired by habituation; it is unlike akrasia in that the bad person’s reason endorses his wrong actions; and this endorsement involves the exercise of a corrupted reason. The activity of corrupted reason must be a kind of (as we now say) motivated reasoning—rationalization, denial and the like—which serves to conceal the correct ends of action from the corrupt person and to sustain their habitual bad behaviour. Although badness is located in the non-rational soul, it is this corruption of reason which turns it into a stable disposition.
Conference papers on the topic "Habitual Exercise"
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Katsuhiro Takata and Jianhua Ma. "Habitual exercise state aware automatic running course provision." In SICE Annual Conference 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2007.4421454.
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Lima, Rian, Carlos Silva, João Santos, and Letícia Pinheiro. "THE EFFECTS ON COGNITIVE RESERVE (CR) GENERATED BY EXERCISE IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda057.
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Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) is a concept that describes a large amount of neural changes, which come from habits, like physical activity. CR protects the brain against the development and evolution of dementia. The possible mechanisms of these changes still remain unknown, and this lack of knowledge distorts the elaboration of practices capable of amplifying this protection. Objectives: To analyze the data about how physical activity can reverberate on the nervous system, relating the effects of exercise and development of AD. Methods: Search in the Pubmed database using descriptors: “Physical activity” OR “Exercise” AND “Cognitive reserve” AND “Alzheimer”. All articles that include any physiological correlation between exercise and CR were analysed. Results: Sedentaries people had greater β-amyloid loads in the brain and lower levels of it in the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, habitual physical activity may improve serum level of brain derived neurotrophic factor, a protein which is capable of enhancing synaptic plasticity and leads to the formation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. The studies also showed that aerobics exercises have a greater effect on CR, mainly if they are done in a regular form. Conclusion: Habitual physical activity can impact AD by helping the effectiveness of the treatment and delaying it´s evolution.
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Cox, Narelle S., Jennifer A. Alison, Brenda M. Button, John W. Wilson, Judith Morton, Nikki Katz, and Anne E. Holland. "Habitual Physical Activity Intensity Relates To Clinical Exercise Assessments In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2808.
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Yoshizawa, Makoto, Norihiro Sugita, Tomoyuki Yambe, Satoshi Konno, Telma Keiko Sugai, Makoto Abe, and Noriyasu Homma. "Methods for assessment of effects of habitual exercise on the autonomic nervous function using plethysmogram." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090271.
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Teoh, O., PP Van Asperen, KC Donaghue, and HC Selvadurai. "Lung Function, Exercise Capacity and Habitual Activity in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a2040.
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Nakamura, H. "Dynamic response of cardiac autonomic nervous system activity to habitual exercise during gradual variation of breathing frequency." In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7320179.
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Pérez Sánchez, Joaquín, Jaume Farreny Morancho, Gemma Ferré Pueyo, and Josep Maria Toldrà Domingo. "Las extensiones del cuerpo." In Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2022.11600.
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If we think of the human body as the origin and end of architecture (origin as the starting point of the needs that we have to cover in our relationship with the environment, and end as the receiver of the environmental and functional conditions that we create in response to these needs) , we cannot ignore the need to project from our bodies (project from the fact of living). That is why we proposed to the students of introduction to architectural projects an exercise initially planned in two phases: a first work of recognition, learning and drawing of the body, to then ask them to build an intermediary artifact between their body -any part of it- and the environment in which they live, based on a function, invented or not, and if possible not exempt from playful aspects, where the designer himself would be the user. The question to answer was: how do we complete our body in response to a new need? Si pensamos en el cuerpo humano como origen y final de la arquitectura (origen como punto de partida de necesidades que hemos de cubrir en nuestra relación con el entorno, y final como receptor de las condiciones ambientales y funcionales que creamos en respuesta a dichas necesidades), no podemos dejar de lado la exigencia de proyectar desde nuestros cuerpos (proyectar desde el hecho de habitar). Es por ello que propusimos a los estudiantes de introducción a proyectos arquitectónicos un ejercicio inicialmente planteado en dos fases: un primer trabajo de reconocimiento, aprendizaje y dibujo del cuerpo, para luego pedirles que construyesen un artefacto intermediario entre su cuerpo –cualquier parte del mismo– y el entorno en que habitan a partir de una función, inventada o no, y a ser posible no exenta de aspectos lúdicos, donde el propio proyectista sería el usuario. La pregunta a responder era: ¿cómo completamos nuestro cuerpo ante una nueva necesidad?
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Lobato Valdespino, Juan Carlos, and Jorge Humberto Flores Romero. "Taller vertical social." In Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2022.11664.
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El treball proposat per a aquest Taller Vertical Social planteja el reconeixement d'un territori en expansió, que en la majoria dels casos creix sense la planificació adequada, en condicions d'autogestió que a poc a poc consoliden fragments de la ciutat que se sumen a la dinàmica econòmica , cultural i social.
Alhora que els entorns d'aquestes zones frontera del que és urbà es consoliden en colònies de la taca urbana, sovint no tenen les dotacions apropiades de serveis i equipaments, connectivitat urbana, mobilitat, cohesió social, seguretat pública i ocupació.
El canvi d'ús del sòl rural a urbà és un fenomen habitual en aquestesàrees perifèriques de la ciutat, generalment com a resultat de la migració de persones tant d'altres localitats com de la mateixa. Els assentaments humans fixen com a primera necessitat l'habitatge i els serveis que requereixen, inicien així un procés de transformació permanent on les persones es van adaptant a les condicions que a poc a poc succeeixen, moltes vegades d'una manera espontània, poc reflexiva cap a la meta d'habitabilitat requerida per a un desenvolupament sa.
Recentment s'ha treballat des d'instàncies governamentals la idea de recerca de benestar per a les famílies menys afavorides, entenent que el concepte implica treballar en diverses dimensions, com allò social, cultural, econòmic, ambiental i humà. Implicant això darrer un procés participatiu de gestió on les persones que requereixen una millora substancial de vida siguin els agents més importants d'aquesta causa. Puerto Benestar és per això el concepte que dóna forma a aquest exercici acadèmic, on es planteja a partir d'una lectura del lloc, de la interacció amb habitants del lloc i la valoració tecniconormativa, realitzar propostes d'intervenció de l'espai públic que enforteixin i qualifiquin les condicions de les persones que hi habiten. De la mateixa manera cal destacar que la nostra Facultat proposa en el seu nou pla d'estudis, enfortir diferents habilitats i capacitats dels seus estudiants, entre les quals hi ha el comprendre les diferents problemàtiques de la societat, vincular el seu treball per a la seva atenció amb ple compromís de responsabilitat social, des d'una plataforma d'anàlisi crítica, capacitat creativa, treball en equip, autogestió del coneixement i destreses que avui dia demanen la professió de l'arquitecte.
L'exercici planteja desenvolupar habilitats en quatre aspectes del procés: Anàlisi, Disseny, Comunicació, Enfocament Transversal. Alhora els objectius principals del taller van ser:
Mostrar l'elaboració d'estudis socials i multidisciplinaris sobre el context i l'espai construït aplicables al procés de disseny.
Demostrar habilitat i destresa en la comunicació escrita utilitzant la terminologia idònia en funció de l'objecte arquitectònic dissenyat o construït, inclusivament […], del context en diferents etapes de la història de l'arquitectura i de l'entorn cultural i urbà on està immers.
Demostrar coneixements sobre responsabilitat social i principis ètics de la professió.L'exercici va tenir dues etapes de realització, la primera de caràcter teòric, amb anàlisi de barri, i mapeigs d'interaccions socioespacials. La segona realitzant una micro intervenció al lloc d'una manera molt senzilla, molt conceptual, molt a nivell de construcció de comunitatFinalment, de la valoració de 185 treballs que van ser pujats a la plataforma d'avaluació es poden identificar certs patrons que evidencien com els estudiants observen el territori de la vida pública, així com les interaccions entre les persones. The Vertical Social Workshop proposes the recognition of an expanding territory, which in most cases grows without adequate planning, in conditions of self-management that gradually consolidate fragments of the city that are added to the economic, cultural and social dynamics of the same. In the instrumental pedagogical part, the exercise is located within the academic programming of the 2022-22 school year of the undergraduate programme of the UMNSH Faculty of Architecture, with the objective of carrying out a short workshop in which all the students of the institution participated, organised in teams, carrying out an intervention project in the public space in areas of the city characterised by high marginalisation and which were considered within the support programme of the Ministry of Territorial Development (SEDATU). The academic results were very positive and in their materialisation they continued with the consolidation of neighbourhood improvement. El Taller Vertical Social plantea el reconocimiento de un territorio en expansión, que en la mayoría de los casos crece sin la planeación adecuada, en condiciones de autogestión que poco a poco consolidan fragmentos de la ciudad que se suman a la dinámica económica, cultural y social de la misma. En la parte instrumental pedagógica el ejercicio se ubica dentro de la programación académica del ciclo escolar 2022-22 del programa de licenciatura de la Facultad de Arquitectura UMNSH, teniendo como objetivo realizar un taller de corta duración donde participaran todos los estudiantes de la institución organizados en equipos realizando un proyecto de intervención en el espacio público en polígonos de la ciudad caracterizados por una alta marginación y que estuvieran considerados dentro del programa de apoyos de la Secretaria de Desarrollo Territorial (SEDATU). Los resultados académicos fueron muy positivos y en su materialización continuaron con la consolidad del mejoramiento barrial.
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Sun Yi, Jae, and Suah Cho. "Development of a weight management service that considers individual physical characteristics and psychological factors." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001953.
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In modern society, life expectancy has increased, and the digital healthcare industry has grown up as people are more interested in health. Moreover, the recent spread of COVID-19 has increased the time spent at home, increasing the demand for weight control such as diet and nutrition-related products, exercise & fitness services. In the United States and Europe, weight management is mainly implemented to improve health or reduce health risk factors, whereas, in Korea, weight management is highly focused on external appearance alone. The purpose of this study is to propose a healthy weight management service design for users in their 20s and 30s in Korea who experience severe health problems in their weight management program by analyzing their needs and pain points in the process and defining fundamental problems. This study applied the double diamond model, a service design methodology, and divided the research process into discover, define, develop, and deliver. We conducted a digital ethnography of 20 selected weight management videos and in-depth interviews with 9 people who actively use the weight management process in order to collect user's verbal and non-verbal raw data and define service directions based on users' pain points and need & wants. Furthermore, we could substantiate specific solutions for service directions, the psychology types of each user, and the behavior inducement; and finalize the service architecture. Finally, we organized two sets of usability test of the service prototype of wireframes and developed the user interface design by applying heuristic evaluation criteria and analysis of the user observation from the test.As a result, we decided to use a smart mirror as a service platform based on the insight that visual observation is more effective than numerical value for weight management and the study that mirror exposure therapy is used to change users' behavior for actual weight management. In addition, We chose DTC genetic testing to identify the innate body information of each user and suggest appropriate nutrients, diets, and exercises for them. Not only that, but also, it was analyzed that in order for the user to continue weight management, it is necessary to habituate through user behavior improvement and gain motivation. Therefore, in order to form new habits of users, 1) 66 days were set as one unit, 2) the correct behavior model is to be presented to users, 3) persuasive technologies such as simplifying actions or going through steps were applied. Lastly, motivation is needed to maintain the habits, which must meet three factors: autonomy, relationship, and capability; for this reason, we provided functions according to user tendencies, provoked user interactions by sharing information and communicating with others, and comprised accomplishment process of one's goals. This study, applying DTC genetic testing results and using a smart mirror with strengthening users' experiences through the formation of digital and non-face-to-face platforms, differentiates from existing services in the healthcare industry.
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Prieto Páez, Leopoldo. "Escribiendo urbanismo - diseñando narraciones: Bogotá: literatura, urbanismo y cultura urbana 1940 – 1960." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6063.
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Este artículo presenta de manera sucinta los resultados de un ejercicio de investigación sobre la relación entre
urbanismo y literatura como elemento para entender fenómenos históricos acecidos específicamente en Bogotá
entre 1940 y 1960. Para tal efecto se eligen fundamentalmente tres novelas escritas en este periodo y se
analizan dos aspectos considerados fundamentales en el desarrollo de la ciudad moderna: circular y habitar. A
partir de este esquema se construye una de categorización analítica utilizando nociones formuladas por el
historiador Carl Schorske: ciudad como vicio, ciudad como virtud y ciudad más allá del bien y del mal, que
referidas a las novelas permite entender la relación de doble implicación entre cambios culturales y cambios
urbanísticos. This article briefly presents the results of a research exercise on the relationship between urbanism and
literature as an element to understand historical phenomena that took place specifically in Bogota between 1940
and 1960. To that end, two aspects of great importance in the development of the modern city, move and
inhabit, are analyzed in three novels written in this period of time. Based on this outline, an analytical
categorization is built using ideas formulated by the historian Carl Schorske, the city as a vice, the city as a virtue
and the city beyond good and evil, which referred to the novels, allows to understand the two way relationship
between cultural and urban changes.