Journal articles on the topic 'Habitats'
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1
Habel, Jan Christian, and Frank E. Zachos. "Habitat fragmentation versus fragmented habitats." Biodiversity and Conservation 21, no. 11 (August 19, 2012): 2987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0349-4.
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PROOROCU, Marian, and Cristina Maria AVRAM. "Evaluation of Anthropical Pressures on Community Interest Habitats and Species in Natura 2000 Cold Someș." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 77, no. 1 (May 24, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:2019.0026.
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The list of habitats of community interest within the Natura 2000 site ROSCI0233, as provided in the Natura 2000 standard, comprises 8 habitats of community interest. Two important activities were carried out: identification and inventory of habitats and species and assessment of negative influences that could affect the natural distribution area, the structure and functions. The assessment of the conservation status has highlighted the existence of significant anthropogenic pressures on some habitats (deforestation, land use change), which led to their unfavorable conservation status (habitat 9410, habitat 91D0*, habitat 91E0*, habitat 9110, habitat 9130).
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Park, Yonghwan, Chang-Jun Kim, Moon-Bo Choi, and Yuno Do. "A Comparative Study of Carabid Beetles in Green Spaces and Former Natural Habitats." Diversity 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12120479.
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Urban expansion threatens ecosystems through direct habitat conversion. To secure urban biodiversity and enhance ecosystem services, a common focus of planning and growth management efforts is to establish green spaces. This study aimed to understand the formation process of newly created green spaces after urban development. We investigated the carabid beetle assemblages in its current habitat in a new city and in its former habitats for assessing the loss of species diversity by urban development and to identify the initial status of species assemblages in the current urban habitats, including green spaces. The diversity and composition of the carabid beetle assemblages significantly changed in the new city. The former habitat loss by urban development leaves large numbers of carabid species to dramatically decline. Carabid assemblages in current habitats may show a critical response to habitat loss, although former habitats were converted to green spaces. Some carabid species were only present in current habitats, including the green space from former habitats. In addition, the current habitat, including green spaces and other habitats, have similar carabid assemblages. Our results indicated that the loss of former habitat has a much greater effect on species diversity persistence than changes in habitat configuration and the creation of green spaces. Consequently, most carabid beetles were already lost during development. Urban habitats in new cities, including green spaces, represent simple and homogeneous habitats, although the development was designed and planned to enhance biodiversity. The present design and planning practice for green spaces that destroyed all former habitats to prepare the ground of urban areas and thereby created urban habitats, including green space, may need to be changed to secure biodiversity. Designing and planning the green spaces should consider the species’ former habitats, for instance, creating a similar type of green space to agricultural land, forest, and wetland, and thereby the former habitat remains intact to enhance biodiversity and function.
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Seitz, Rochelle D. "Value of coastal habitats for exploited species: introduction to a theme set of articles." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 3 (March 2014): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst180.
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Abstract Many exploited fish and invertebrate species use coastal habitats during one or more life-history stages as spawning, feeding, and nursery areas; yet, the value of these habitats has not been adequately characterized. As habitat availability can be a bottleneck for many populations, concerns about habitat effects on exploited species have been increasing. We have compiled nine articles presenting the state of knowledge and future research priorities regarding the importance of habitat for exploited species. Reviews from European habitats and several geographical locations throughout the United States demonstrate the influence of coastal habitats on survival, growth, and movement, especially during the early life-history stages, in a wide variety of species, spatial scales, and habitats. Moreover, many of these species contribute substantially to commercial landings, highlighting the importance of coastal habitats to population persistence and fishery yields. Management of fishery species can also be enhanced through modelling efforts incorporating habitat. Finally, there is a need for more effort in quantifying population demographics rates, creating comprehensive habitat maps, and developing better census techniques for complex hard bottom habitats; thus, future work is needed on the value of coastal habitats for exploited species.
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Jiang, Xuewei, Fei Chen, Jingjing Yang, Zhengli Zhou, Lu Han, and Ruiheng Lyu. "Decomposition of Foliar Litter from Dominant Plants of Desert Riparian Forests in Extremely Arid Regions." Forests 15, no. 6 (May 30, 2024): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15060949.
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Litter decomposition is important for understanding the effects of habitat on nutrient cycling. In this study, we investigated the decomposition characteristics, decomposition variability, and regulatory factors restricting the decomposition rates of leaf litter in three different habitats: a flood disturbance habitat, an arid habitat, and a high-salinity habitat. The litter decomposition rates of the habitats decreased in the following order: flood disturbance habit > arid habitat > high-salinity habitat. The organic carbon, total nitrogen, and lignin residues of the litter during the decomposition period were highest in the high-salinity habitat. The litter quality was the main regulator of the release of phosphorus and cellulose residues, which exhibited different release processes and patterns in these three habitats. The litter decomposition coefficient was negatively correlated with litter carbon residue in the flood disturbance habitats, the lignocellulose index in the arid habitats, and soil urease in the high-salinity habitats. It was positively correlated with the lignocellulose index in flood disturbance habitats and litter carbon residue in high-salinity habitats. The litter quality in the flood disturbance area played a significant role in litter decomposition, while environmental quality and litter quality were the dominant factors under arid and high-salt conditions. Litter quality in the flood disturbance area played a significant role in litter decomposition, while both environmental quality and litter quality were the dominant factors under arid and salt conditions.
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Orlov, O., V. Konishchuk, and V. Martynenko. "The role of European rare habitats in conservation of rare phytodiversity of «Drevlianskyi» Nature Reserve." Agroecological journal, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2021.227237.
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Classification scheme of rare habitats of Europe according to Bern Convention and Habitat Directive of EU was presented for the territory of Drevlianskyi nature reserve. It was shown significant habitat’s diversity of nature reserve from all main types of habitats — water (permanent and temporary lakes (waterbodies), watercources, reedbeds habitats), bog (eutrophic and mesotrophic mires), grassland (dry, mesic and wet grassland, floodplain and fen scrub, heaths), forest (leaved and conifer forests (woodland), rock (rocks and talus of silicate rocks). According to the results of field research, the territory of the reserve represented by 30 habitats (1 — ІІ leaves, 4 — ІІІ leaves, 25 — ІV leaves). It is established that the most common habitat 91T0 (Central European lichen Scots pine forests), which represented by 153 localities in A1C (dry pine forest) on an area of 421.5 ha. It was made a conclusion that the role of rare habitats in nature reserve Drevlianskyi is determinant for conservation of rare species of vascular plants that are protected by the Bern Convention, European Red List and included to the Red Book of Ukraine. The results of the analysis of the role of rare biotopes of Europe in the conservation of species of flora of different protection status on the territory of Drevlianskyi nature reserve show that most of the rare plant species of reserve listed in Resolution № 6 of the Bern Convention (Annex I), revised in 2011, are present in its rare settlements. The role of rare habitats of Drevlianskyi nature reserve in the conservation of rare species of flora is decisive — of the 29 species of plants of supranational and national levels of protection in rare habitats there are 24 species or 82.8% of their total number.
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Hamilton, Ian M., and Lawrence M. Dill. "Monopolization of food by zebrafish (Danio rerio) increases in risky habitats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 2164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-199.
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Dominant zebrafish (Danio rerio) previously have been shown to reduce their monopolization of food when foraging in structurally complex habitats compared with open habitats. Complex habitats may be more difficult to defend but may also be safer. To decouple these effects, we compared aggression and monopolization of food in groups of zebrafish foraging in an open habitat and one with overhead cover, as well as in an open habitat and a complex (vegetated) habitat. Covered and open habitats should have been equally defendable. In our experiments, fish used covered habitats more than open ones, suggesting that the perceived risk of predation was lower in covered habitats. There was no difference in use of vegetated and open habitats, suggesting that these habitats, which should differ in defendability, did not differ in safety. We found that the degree of food monopolization (expressed in the coefficient of variation within groups) at risky feeders was significantly greater in open habitats than in covered, but not vegetated, habitats. We did not find a difference in aggression between habitats. These results indicate that resource monopolization in groups of zebrafish is greater in risky habitats and support the hypothesis that the lower monopolization of food in complex habitats could result from greater safety in those habitats rather than, or in addition to, the reduction in defendability.
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Qian, Tianlu, Yao Chi, Changbai Xi, Zhongqiu Li, and Jiechen Wang. "Changes in the Historical and Current Habitat Ranges of Rare Wild Mammals in China: A Case Study of Six Taxa of Small- to Large-Sized Mammals." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 31, 2020): 2744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072744.
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Through history, the habitats of wild mammals have changed greatly in China. Habitat changes may reflect changes in the environment and human–wildlife conflicts. This study focused on how the habitat changed for six taxa of rare wild mammals (one family, one genus, and four species) in mainland China. Their historical and current habitats were estimated according to their historical and current presence occurrences and three sets of environmental data (climate data, topography data, and human activity data), using the Maximum Entropy Model. Then, spatial statistical methods were used to analyze the changes in their habitats, and how human activities have influenced changes in their habitat. The results suggest that the habitats of all six taxa of mammals have shrunk considerably, compared to their historical ranges. With regards to current or past habitats, on average, 68.3% of habitats have been lost. The Asian elephant, which is facing the most serious habitat losses, has lost 93.1% of its habitat. By investigating the relationship between the changes in habitats and the anthropogenic impacts for each taxa, human activities have an obvious negative influence on mammal habitats. The sensitivity of habitats to human activities varies among different mammals: the tiger, Asian elephant, Bactrian camel, and snub-nosed monkey are more sensitive to human activities than musk deer and Chinese water deer.
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Perzanowska, Joanna, Joanna Korzeniak, and Damian Chmura. "Alien species as a potential threat for Natura 2000 habitats: a national survey." PeerJ 7 (November 11, 2019): e8032. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8032.
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Invasion by alien species (AS) is one of the most serious threats to ecosystems. In Europe, the Natura 2000 habitats network was established to protect habitats vital for the conservation of biodiversity and function of ecosystems. Therefore, the appearance of AS in Natura 2000 habitats is a warning signal that the most valuable European habitats may be endangered. However, quantitative studies encompassing a wide spectrum of habitats are lacking, and there is no insight into the differences in the level of invasion among habitats. Our survey is based on the State Monitoring of Natura 2000 data and aimed at an assessment of the level of invasion in natural habitat types in Poland. The percentage of invaded locations, number and frequency of alien plant species was assessed in 79 Natura 2000 habitats, both terrestrial and water, investigated on 5,941 locations. The most invaded habitats (with the highest percentage of invaded plots) were dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides (habitat code 2160), rivers with muddy banks (habitat code 3270), and alpine rivers and herbaceous and ligneous vegetation along their banks (habitat codes: 3220, 3230, 3240). Grassland, forest and most of the bog, mire and fen habitats and also some habitats on a rock were invaded by a relatively large number of AS, but their frequency was comparatively low. In contrast, a high frequency of AS was found in the majority of dune and costal habitats and calaminarian grasslands. Compared with the period 2000–2010, the number of AS in some riparian, grassland and forest habitats rose noticeably. The occurrence of AS showed a negative correlation with conservation status of the habitats. This study has demonstrated that standard monitoring of Natura 2000 habitats provides the basis for the detection of AS, including invasive ones, in all types of habitats, and can be used for development rapid and effective response programs.
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Schulte-Hostedde, Albrecht I., and Ronald J. Brooks. "An experimental test of habitat selection by rodents of Algonquin Park." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 1989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-831.
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Using an enclosure experiment, we tested whether substrate selection by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), redback voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), and woodland jumping mice (Napaeozapus insignis) matched habitat-use patterns determined from trapping data. Mice were introduced into a 5 m diameter enclosure containing substrates from three habitats: maple, mixed, and coniferous forest. Trapping data were taken from a long-term monitoring study of small-mammal populations in Algonquin Park, Ontario. We used data from 1991 – 1995 from the three habitats used in the enclosure experiment. If competition or predation affects habitat distribution patterns, then, given a choice, mice should select different substrates in the enclosures from those they use in the field. Alternatively, if habitat use is not constrained by interactions with competitors or predators (i.e., if small mammals select habitats), then habitats used in the enclosure should match habitat distributions observed in the field. Habitats used in the field did not match habitats selected in the enclosure experiment for either deer mice or woodland jumping mice. Redback voles selected habitats similar to those used in the field. We conclude that interspecific competition and (or) predation may limit availability of habitats for deer mice and woodland jumping mice.
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Meynecke, J. O. "Coastal habitat connectivity ? implications for declared fish habitat networks in Queensland, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 15, no. 2 (2009): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090096.
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Estuaries are widely recognized as key habitats supporting nearshore secondary production and catch of commercial fisheries. In Queensland, some of these coastal marine habitats are protected by the declared fish habitat programme run by the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries. Expected environmental changes for Australian estuarine systems include reduced freshwater flow, increased sedimentation and with them, a loss of connectivity. At present, the relationship between the protected declared fish habitat and habitat connectivity remains unknown. By comparing long term coastal fish catch data with geomorphic characteristics of coastal habitats structural connectivity was previously identified as a potential driver of commercial fish catch in Queensland. An ecology landscape approach was used for this study to identify potential fish habitat hotspots along the coastline of Queensland thus allowing better defined networks of declared fish habitats. A comparison between this approach and the current declared fish habitats demonstrated potential deficits and provided important insights for fisheries management. Declared fish habitats should be placed in coastal habitats with high structural connectivity to ensure sustainability of fisheries in light of environmental changes.
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Kiatoko, Nkoba, Suresh Kumar Raina, and Frank van Langevelde. "Impact of habitat degradation on species diversity and nest abundance of five African stingless bee species in a tropical rainforest of Kenya." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 37, no. 03 (August 17, 2017): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174275841700011x.
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AbstractNatural habitat degradation often involves the reduction or disappearance of bee species. In Africa, stingless bees are hunted for honey, which is used as food, for medicinal purposes, and for traditional rituals. Severe habitat degradation due to human settlement is hypothesized to have a negative impact on the species diversity of the African stingless bee species. In this paper, we assess the impact of habitat degradation on the diversity of five stingless bee species across different habitats in the tropical rainforest of Kenya (indigenous forest, mixed indigenous forest) and its neighbouring landscape (grassland, village) in western Kenya. The species fauna, nest occurrence, and species diversity of the stingless bee species varied across the different habitats. The number of nesting habitats of the meliponine species varied between habitats in the tropical rainforest.Meliponula ferruginea(reddish brown) nested in five habitats, whileMeliponula bocandeiandMeliponula ferruginea(black) nested only in two habitat types. The species richness decreased within the different types of habitats and the indigenous and mixed indigenous forest contained more species than other habitats. The fauna composition in both homesteads was exclusively similar, while the indigenous and mixed indigenous forests were mostly similar. Similarity in habitat preferences for nesting was revealed betweenM. bocandeivsPlebeina hildebrandtiandM. ferruginea(reddish brown) vsHypotrigona gribodoi. The natural native indigenous forest had the most diverse community compared to the degraded habitats. There are taxon-specific responses to habitat change; and in our study, there is clear value in conserving the native indigenous forest.
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Sievers, Katie T., Rene A. Abesamis, Abner A. Bucol, and Garry R. Russ. "Unravelling Seascape Patterns of Cryptic Life Stages: Non-Reef Habitat Use in Juvenile Parrotfishes." Diversity 12, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12100376.
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Juvenile fish often use alternative habitats distinct from their adult phases. Parrotfishes are an integral group of coral reef fish assemblages, are targeted in fisheries, are sensitive to reef disturbances, and have been documented as multiple-habitat users. Considering the abundance of research conducted on parrotfishes, very little is known about their juvenile ecology at the species level due to their cryptic and variable coloration patterns. We collected juvenile parrotfishes in non-reef habitats (macroalgal beds, seagrass beds, and lagoons) in the Philippines and used DNA analysis to determine species composition. The results were then compared with data on adult parrotfish abundance from underwater visual census (UVC) surveys in coral reef and non-reef habitats. Collections identified 15 species of juvenile parrotfishes in non-reef habitats, and of these, 10 were also recorded in UVCs as adults. Informed by adult surveys, 42% of the 19 parrotfish species observed as adults were classified as multi-habitat users based on their presence in coral reef and non-reef habitats. When accounting for the occurrence of species as juveniles in non-reef habitats, 93% of the species collected as juveniles would be considered multi-habitat users. Species identified as juveniles in non-reef habitats comprised 50% of the average adult parrotfish density on coral reefs and 58–94% in non-reef habitats. The species richness of juveniles in non-reef habitats was greater than that of adults occupying the same habitats, and the most common adult species observed in UVCs was not collected as juveniles in non-reef habitats. Finally, UVC suggested that 97% of juvenile parrotfish <10-cm total length was present in non-reef habitats compared to coral reefs. These results provide further evidence for ontogenetic movement across habitat boundaries for parrotfish species in a diverse and highly connected tropical seascape. This is one of the few studies to quantify links between nursery and adult habitat in parrotfishes, highlighting the importance of including non-reef habitats in ecological studies of an iconic group of coral reef fish.
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Walton, Mark E. M., Jamie Hayes, Mohsin Al-Ansi, Mohamed Abdallah, Ibrahim Al Maslamani, Mohammed Al-Mohannadi, Ismail Al-Shaikh, et al. "Towards spatial management of fisheries in the Gulf: benthic diversity, habitat and fish distributions from Qatari waters." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 1 (July 27, 2017): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx116.
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Abstract As with many other regions in the world, more complete information on the distribution of marine habitats in the Gulf is required to inform environmental policy, and spatial management of fisheries resources will require better understanding of the relationships between habitat and fish communities. Towed cameras and sediment grabs were used to investigate benthic habitats and associated epifauna, infauna and fish communities in the central Gulf, offshore from the east coast of Qatar, in water depths of between 12 and 52 m. Six different habitats were identified: (i) soft sediment habitats of mud and (ii) sand, and structured habitats of (iii) macro-algal reef, (iv) coral reef, (v) mixed reef, and (vi) oyster bed. The epibenthic community assemblage of the mud habitat was significantly different to that of sand, which in turn differed from the structured habitats of coral reef, mixed reef and oyster bed, with the macroalgal assemblage having similarities to both sand and the other structured habitats. Fish assemblages derived from video data did not differ between habitats, although certain species were only associated with particular habitats. Epibenthic diversity indices were significantly lower in mud, sand and macro-algal habitats, with no differences recorded for fish diversity. Soft sediment grab samples indicated that mud habitats had the highest benthic diversity, with Shannon-Weiner values of >4, and were more diverse than sand with values of 3.3. The study demonstrates high biodiversity in benthic habitats in the central and southwestern Gulf, which may in part be due to the absence of trawling activity in Qatari waters. There is a strong influence of depth on benthic habitat type, so that depth can be used to predict habitat distribution with a high level of accuracy. The presence of outcrops of hard substrata creates a mosaic of patchy shallow structured benthic habitat across extensive areas of the offshore seabed. Such heterogeneity, and the association of commercially exploited fish species with specific habitats, indicates that this region is well suited to a spatial approach to fisheries management.
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Mao, Zhihui, Fang Ding, Lilai Yuan, Yan Zhang, Zhaohui Ni, Yingren Li, Lin Wang, and Yunfeng Li. "The Classification of Riparian Habitats and Assessment of Fish-Spawning Habitat Suitability: A Case Study of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (August 23, 2023): 12773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151712773.
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After the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), there was a significant and drastic transformation of the original river habitat. These changes led to the loss of the original fish habitat and the emergence of a new habitat. To effectively classify and assess fish-spawning habitats in the TGR, a novel coastal complexity index (CCI) was developed. The CCI was formulated utilizing satellite remote sensing data and considering the river coastal line and river centerline on the river-reach scale. By integrating the CCI with river morphology, five river habitats were identified: the backwater bay, point bar, straight river channel, convex-bank point bar, and concave-bank deep pool. In order to evaluate the suitability of these habitats for sticky-egg-spawning fish, a single-factor habitat suitability curve was constructed using three key habitat factors: the CCI, slope, and vegetation coverage. This process involved the employment of two distinct methods: the habitat utilization method and the habitat preference method. The former only considered the survey data of spawning grounds, while the latter integrated the overall distribution of habitats in the TGR. Subsequently, a habitat suitability index (HSI) was established to assess the overall suitability of the identified habitats for sticky-egg-spawning fish. The results demonstrated a high classification accuracy, with the backwater bay representing the most prevalent habitat type, accounting for 43.31% of the total habitat types. When considering slope and vegetation coverage, the optimal ranges obtained through the two habitat suitability analysis methods were similar. However, for the CCI, there were variations in the optimal ranges obtained using the two methods. The habitat utilization method indicated an optimal interval of 2–4, while the habitat preference method provided an optimal interval of 4–8. Nonetheless, the assessment results for the spawning habitats’ suitability using both methods yielded essentially identical outcomes. Specifically, the backwater bay, convex-bank point bar, and concave-bank deep pool habitats exhibited higher suitability for spawning than point bar and straight river channel habitats. Further analysis revealed that approximately 75% of the 230 identified backwater bays were categorized as high-quality or higher-quality spawning habitats. In the time since this research was conducted, its findings have served as a theoretical foundation for the protection of aquatic biological resources and habitats.
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Yang, Junyue, Zhong Xing, and Canhui Cheng. "How Urban Fringe Expansion Affects Green Habitat Diversity? Analysis from Urban and Local Scale in Hilly City." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8566686.
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Hilly cities in China have gone through an extensive expansion, and urban fringe morphology has experienced a massive change. As a result, green habitats have been occupied or disturbed, and such landscape changes can impact biodiversity. Understanding how urbanization impacts green habitats is essential for urban sustainable development. However, such understanding is lacking for hilly city. This study has two objectives: (1) to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of green habitats in hilly city fringe during 2000-2020; (2) to identify the differentiated impacts of different hilly city expansion shapes on green habitat. By using landscape indexes to characterize green habitat patterns, the green habitats impact analysis was processed in two scales, at urban scale and local scale. Information Entropy Model and Classification and Green Habitat Quality Evaluation were used to reveal the relationships of urban expansion shapes and green habitat quality in mountainous city. The results showed that, at urban scale, (1) the more complex the city fringe morphology is, the more negative impacts there are on green habitats, (2) and when Guiyang urban fringe green space declined, the green habitats type pattern was refactored. At the local scale, we classified urban fringe expansion into four shape styles; we then discussed the changes of green habitats from the perspective of shape style and stage of urbanization. The results showed that, (1) dispersed type and strip type of urban fringe expansion led to the largest green habitat lost, besides, spreading type and strip type resulted in the largest loss of green habitats core areas. (2) Moreover, at a different stage of urban fringe expansion, the challenge of green habitats persistence was varied, the legacy type has been eager for special species habitats. However, the new type has been facing the risks of guaranteeing habitats stock and quality.
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Araújo, Luzia Márcia, and Geraldo Wilson Fernandes. "Altitudinal patterns in a tropical ant assemblage and variation in species richness between habitats." Lundiana: International Journal of Biodiversity 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2003): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2003.21860.
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The distribution of ants along an altitudinal gradient from 800 m to 1500 m was studied in southeastern Brazil. Two hypotheses were tested: a) “the altitudinal gradient hypothesis”, which predicts that ant species richness decreases with increasing altitude; and b) “the habitat favourability hypothesis”, which predicts that ant species richness is higher in mesic habitats than in xeric habitats, independent of altitude. Pairs of mesic and xeric habitats were randomly established and replicated three times at each 100 m of elevation. Mesic habitats were those along washes, creeks and rivers while xeric habitats were those away from water resources. Ants were collected utilizing sardine baits distributed along transects on both vegetation and on soil. The species richness of ants collected on vegetation and soil increased with decreasing elevation. This pattern was found for ants collected on the ground in both mesic and xeric habitats. Also, we found more ant species in mesic habitats (0.64 ± 0.05 ants/sample set) than in xeric habitats (0.45 ± 0.05 ants/sample set)(t = 3.51, p < 0.001). The decreased number of ant species at higher elevations as well as in xeric habitats may be caused by a decrease in habitat complexity that limits the success of ants. Furthermore, at high altitudes harsher habitat conditions and lower temperatures prevail, further limiting the success and establishment of ants.
Keywords: Altitudinal Gradients, Ants, Cerrado, Diversity, Habitat Complexity
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Chen, Xiaoyu, Xiaorong Wang, Dongwei Kang, and Junqing Li. "Evaluating the Suitability and Overlap of Resting and Path Habitats of Giant Pandas in the Wanglang Nature Reserve." Forests 13, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111795.
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Habitat fragmentation threatens the survival of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca); hence, it is vital to protect its habitat. However, a lack of detailed understanding of different functional habitats and their relationships restricts the protective effect. To reveal the relationship between different functional habitats, we distinguished and investigated giant pandas’ resting and path sites and evaluated the suitability patterns and overlap of resting and path habitats in the Wanglang Nature Reserve using MAXENT and overlay methods. A total of 28 resting sites and 30 path sites were used in this study. The results showed that the areas of suitable resting and path habitats were 42.03 km2 and 28.52 km2, respectively, and were fragmented due to the existence of roads. A total of 27.81 km2 of suitable habitat overlapped, indicating many areas have the dual attributes of suitable resting and path habitats for giant pandas. There were almost no suitable resting and path habitats within 200 m and 300 m from roads, respectively. Therefore, measures should be taken to restore the unsuitable habitats distributed in the roadside area and connect the fragmented habitat patches. The indicators and methods used in this study can be considered in studying different functional giant panda habitats and their relationships.
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Cockell, Charles S. "Types of habitat in the Universe." International Journal of Astrobiology 13, no. 2 (February 21, 2014): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550413000451.
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AbstractFrom a biological point of view, all environments in the Universe can be categorized into one of three types: uninhabitable, uninhabited habitat or inhabited habitat. This paper describes and defines different habitat types in the Universe with a special focus on environments not usually encountered on the Earth, but which might be common on other planetary bodies. They include uninhabited habitats, subtypes of which are sterile habitats and organic-free habitats. Examples of the different types of environments are provided with reference to the Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland. These habitat types are used to identify testable hypotheses on the abundance of different habitats and the distribution of life in the Universe.
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Longmire, KS, RD Seitz, A. Smith, and RN Lipcius. "Saved by the shell: Oyster reefs can shield juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus." Marine Ecology Progress Series 672 (August 19, 2021): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13781.
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Juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus use seagrass and other structured habitats as refuges from predation. Oyster reef habitats provide structural complexity that may offer refuge, but the value of these habitats for juvenile blue crabs has not been examined. We quantified survival of juvenile C. sapidus in structured oyster reef habitat versus unstructured soft-bottom habitat. In a field tethering experiment in the York River, lower Chesapeake Bay (USA), juvenile C. sapidus (10-50 mm carapace width [CW]) were tethered in sand (n = 40) or oyster reef (n = 39) habitats at subtidal sites 1-2 m deep. An underwater camera system was used to record predation activity during 24 h trials. Juvenile crab survival was significantly higher on the oyster reef habitat (53.8%) than on bare sand (15.0%), and tended to increase with crab CW in both habitats. The main successful predators on juvenile blue crabs were northern pufferfish Sphoeroides maculatus in the oyster reef habitat and adult blue crabs in the sand habitat. The high survival rate of juvenile C. sapidus in oyster reef habitats suggests that oyster reefs include physical habitat complexity that may offer refuge from predators. Restored and natural oyster reefs could provide an alternative nursery habitat for juvenile blue crabs, expanding the ecosystem services provided by restored oyster reefs.
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Ossola, Alessandro, Michael A. Nash, Fiona J. Christie, Amy K. Hahs, and Stephen J. Livesley. "Urban habitat complexity affects species richness but not environmental filtering of morphologically-diverse ants." PeerJ 3 (October 22, 2015): e1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1356.
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Habitat complexity is a major determinant of structure and diversity of ant assemblages. Following the size-grain hypothesis, smaller ant species are likely to be advantaged in more complex habitats compared to larger species. Habitat complexity can act as an environmental filter based on species size and morphological traits, therefore affecting the overall structure and diversity of ant assemblages. In natural and semi-natural ecosystems, habitat complexity is principally regulated by ecological successions or disturbance such as fire and grazing. Urban ecosystems provide an opportunity to test relationships between habitat, ant assemblage structure and ant traits using novel combinations of habitat complexity generated and sustained by human management. We sampled ant assemblages in low-complexity and high-complexity parks, and high-complexity woodland remnants, hypothesizing that (i) ant abundance and species richness would be higher in high-complexity urban habitats, (ii) ant assemblages would differ between low- and high-complexity habitats and (iii) ants living in high-complexity habitats would be smaller than those living in low-complexity habitats. Contrary to our hypothesis, ant species richness was higher in low-complexity habitats compared to high-complexity habitats. Overall, ant assemblages were significantly different among the habitat complexity types investigated, although ant size and morphology remained the same. Habitat complexity appears to affect the structure of ant assemblages in urban ecosystems as previously observed in natural and semi-natural ecosystems. However, the habitat complexity filter does not seem to be linked to ant morphological traits related to body size.
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Ramalho, Emiliano Esterci, and William Ernest Magnusson. "USO DO HABITAT POR ONÇA-PINTADA (PANTHERA ONÇA) NO ENTORNO DE LAGOS DE VÁRZEA, RESERVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL MAMIRAUÁ, AM, BRASIL." Scientific Magazine UAKARI 4, no. 2 (February 15, 2009): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31420/uakari.v4i2.41.
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Understanding how a species moves between habitats available in its home range is key for interpreting spatial-temporal habitat selection patterns, foraging behavior, and predator-prey interactions. The use of habitat by the jaguar(Panthera onca) generally reflects the density and movement of its prey and not the availability of habitats. However, there is no information about how the species uses the habitats available in the Amazonian várzea. The objective of this study was to test if the jaguar uses the habitats available in the surroundings of várzea lakes, in proportion to their availability or if it shows preference for a specific habitat type. To achieve this objective we surveyed, on foot, the surroundings of 36 várzea lakes in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, recording jaguar presence through observation of signs and identifying and quantifying the available habitats. Although we found signs of jaguar presence in all habitat types surveyed, the number of signs found in habitat type chavascal was greater than expected by its availability...
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Li, Wen Bin, Zhi Ming Mo, Xing Ting Chen, Chun Huang, and Ming Feng Xu. "Spring Bird Community Structure in Response to Habitat Heterogeneity in a Subtropical Hilly Landscape." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.121.
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To examine the impact of habitat heterogeneity on the bird communities, we investigated the structural differences of various bird communities occurring in heterogeneous habitats in the subtropical hilly areas of southern China. We used indicator Species Analysis (ISA) to test the association of specific bird species to particular habitats. We performed Two-way Cluster Analysis to find species patterning in response to habitat fragmentation. Our results demonstrated that heterogeneous habitats promoted bird diversity and human activities affected bird behavior. Indicator Species Analysis demonstrated that similar habitats had similar bird communities, while different habitats supported various bird indicator species. Although habitat diversity increased bird diversity of a region, it was unfavorable for the maintenance of specialized birds in the forests of the subtropical hilly area.
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Arvisais, Martin, Esther Lévesque, Jean-Claude Bourgeois, Claude Daigle, Denis Masse, and Jacques Jutras. "Habitat selection by the wood turtle (Clemmys insculpta) at the northern limit of its range." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-012.
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We characterized the chronology of habitat use by the wood turtle, Clemmys insculpta (LeC., 1829), in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada. We also determined if this species used habitats according to availability within a home range and identified habitat features influencing habitat selection. Habitats were characterized for 20 wood turtles followed weekly by telemetry during the active season of 1997. Turtles used a great diversity of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Alder (Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng.) stands were the most used terrestrial habitats throughout the active season. Habitat use varied according to activity period. Indeed, wood turtles used aquatic habitats and alder stands during prenesting and prehibernation activity periods, whereas all habitat types were used during nesting and postnesting activity periods. Wood turtles did not use habitats randomly within their home ranges, suggesting that they selected them. Wood turtles seemed to select mixed forest stands that were relatively young (16 years), short (14 m), had low arborescent cover (25%), moderate cover of the upper shrub layer (35%), and low total canopy closure (0%50%). This knowledge will be helpful in the establishment of future conservation measures.
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Huang, Yen-Hua, Hendrina Joel, Martina Küsters, Zoe R. Barandongo, Claudine C. Cloete, Axel Hartmann, Pauline L. Kamath, et al. "Disease or drought: environmental fluctuations release zebra from a potential pathogen-triggered ecological trap." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1952 (June 2, 2021): 20210582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0582.
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When a transmission hotspot for an environmentally persistent pathogen establishes in otherwise high-quality habitat, the disease may exert a strong impact on a host population. However, fluctuating environmental conditions lead to heterogeneity in habitat quality and animal habitat preference, which may interrupt the overlap between selected and risky habitats. We evaluated spatio-temporal patterns in anthrax mortalities in a plains zebra ( Equus quagga ) population in Etosha National Park, Namibia, incorporating remote-sensing and host telemetry data. A higher proportion of anthrax mortalities of herbivores was detected in open habitats than in other habitat types. Resource selection functions showed that the zebra population shifted habitat selection in response to changes in rainfall and vegetation productivity. Average to high rainfall years supported larger anthrax outbreaks, with animals congregating in preferred open habitats, while a severe drought forced animals into otherwise less preferred habitats, leading to few anthrax mortalities. Thus, the timing of anthrax outbreaks was congruent with preference for open plains habitats and a corresponding increase in pathogen exposure. Given shifts in habitat preference, the overlap in high-quality habitat and high-risk habitat is intermittent, reducing the adverse consequences for the population.
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Phommavongsa, Sakkouna, Anh Nguyen Phan Hoang, and Manh Vu Quang. "Study on the natural habitats of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus (Lepeletier et Seville, 1775) (Hemiptera : Belostomatidae) contributing to sustainable management of this rare water insect named in the Red Data Book of Vietnam." Journal of Science Natural Science 66, no. 4F (November 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0075.
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The study was focused on the natural habitats and distribution of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus in Lao PDR, with the aims to conserve and breed this rare water insect. The following conclusions were given: Adult giant water bugs were distributed in 5 main natural habitat types, including SC1. Habitat with flowing water such as rivers, streams and canals; SC2. Habitat type with standing or less flowing water such as ponds, lakes and lagoons; SC3. Habitat types such as water rice fields or aquatic plants; SC4. Habitat of standing water or puddles on the edge or inside the rice field; and SC5; and other Habitats include terrestrial, drifting with water, hiding in earthen caves near aquatic habitats. The number of adult giant water bugs decreased in the order of natural habitats studied, as follows SC3 >SC4 >SC2 >SC5 >SC1. The weter rice fields were the most suitable habitat for adult giant water bug. Research results showed that, there are similarities in the distribution of adult male and female in the studied natural habitats. The ratio of adult male to female giant water bug found in the above five studied natural habitats was 1.0 versus 2.3, respectively.
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Virgl, John A., and François Messier. "Assessment of source-sink theory for predicting demographic rates among habitats that exhibit temporal changes in quality." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 1483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-066.
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Within the framework of Pulliam's source-sink model we tested predictions of habitat-specific demography on a "closed" population of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus L.) occupying three contiguous habitats that exhibited temporal changes in quality and quantity. We were able to distinguish between dispersal among habitats and mortality within each habitat, and induce temporal variation in operational-habitat availability and suitability by manipulating water level. Temporal variation in population size and density among habitats supported the source-sink model and was primarily associated with habitat-specific survival rates. For example, the mean annual over-winter mortality rate of individuals in the principal source habitat (0.87) was less than in the sink habitat (0.94), and subsequently the mean annual finite rate of increase (λ) was positive in the source habitat (λ = 1.41) and negative in the sink habitat (λ = 0.90). The high recruitment rate of juveniles in the prime habitat during autumn was also associated with significant emigration of juveniles from this habitat. Emigration of adults among habitats provided support for the role of spacing behaviour in regulating the breeding density of muskrats in prime habitat. However, in contrast to the assumption of source-sink theory, year-to-year variation in survival rate in the more marginal habitats appeared to be explained more by temporal changes in habitat suitability than by density. Significant emigration of juveniles from the sink habitat was not predicted and was largely dependent on current habitat conditions. In addition, the mean annual emigration rate was lowest in the principal source habitat (0.30) and highest in the more marginal habitats (0.62). Failure to detect directional emigration from prime to marginal habitats in the spring, as predicted by the source-sink model, was likely due to declining local population size. In environments where spatial differences in habitat quality are not static, and annual change in local population size is largely independent of density, current source-sink models must be modified to better predict individual dispersal strategies.
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Grzybowski, Mirosław. "Principal Threats to the Conservation of Running Water Habitats in the Continental Biogeographical Region of Central Europe." Journal of Landscape Ecology 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2020-0009.
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AbstractThis paper discusses the threats to the running water habitats that are highly important to biodiversity the European Community in the Continental Biogeographical Region (CBR) of Europe, specifically in Poland. This study covers four water course habitat types distinguished in Natura 2000, which is a network of nature protection areas in the territory (3260, 3220, 3240, 3270 - the code of the habitat, as in Annex I of the Habitat Directive), occurring in 806 Special Areas of Conservation in Poland. Based on a multivariate analysis, we found significant differences in the conservation status of running water habitats resulting from a variety of threats, pressures, and activities. Agriculture has a number of negative impacts on running water habitats, which are most evident for the following habitats: 3260 > 3270. Forest management may have both negative (3260) and positive effects on habitats (3270). Natural system modifications strongly affect habitats 3240, 3270 > 3260. Among the negative anthropogenic influences are pollution (3260 > 3220); human intrusions, disturbances, and tourism (reported most often) (3260, 3270); transportation and service corridors (3260, and 3270); urbanization, residential, and commercial development tourism (3260); biological resource use other than for agriculture and forestry (3270 > 3260); and mining, extraction of materials, and energy production (3270). Geological events and natural catastrophes—most often inundation—were identified as important hazards for habitat 3240. The development of alien and invasive species strongly affects habitats 3240 > 3260, 3270, and natural biotic and abiotic processes affect habitats 3220 > 3260. Negative impacts associated with climate change were detected mostly for habitat 3260. Taking into account the threats identified, a list of recommended practices for running water habitat types is presented, to be considered in habitat conservation programmes.
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Rohmawati, Vivi Dwi, Husain Latuconsina, and Hasan Zayadi. "Fish Community in Different Mangrove Habitat in Banyuurip Ujung Pangkah – Gresik Regency." Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 14, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.14.1.73-79.
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Mangroves are an important habitat for fish communities, as spawning, growing and foraging areas. This study aims to compare the species composition, presence frequency and structure of fish communities in different mangrove habitats. The research was conducted at Banyuurip Mangrove Center, Ujung Pangkah District, Gresik Regency, East Java, during July-August 2020. Determination of purposive sampling locations based on physical differences in mangrove habitats. Systematic sampling method was used to estimate the number of mangrove species using belt transects. Fish sample collection uses basic gill nets that are placed at high tide in each mangrove habitat. The results showed that the total number of individual mangrove vegetation was 505 from 12 species, the number of species and individual mangrove vegetation differed between habitats, and the highest was found in coastal mangrove habitats. The number of fish was found as many as 181 individuals from 11 species, 10 families and 5 orders. The number and composition of species, families and fish orders differ between mangrove habitats, with the highest number in coastal mangrove habitats. Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) dominate the estuary mangrove habitat and giant trevally (Caranx sexfasciatus) dominate the coastal mangrove habitat. There are variations in the structure of fish communities between mangrove habitats, the dominance index value of the fish community in the estuary mangrove habitat is higher and in the medium category, while the coastal mangrove habitat is in the low category. On the other hand, the diversity index value of the fish community in the coastal mangrove habitat is in the high category and the estuary mangrove habitat is in the low category.
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Milne, Grant A., Jennifer Miksis-Olds, Alyssa Stasse, Bo-Young Lee, Dylan Wilford, Shaurya Baruah, and Bonnie Brown. "Using the Soundscape Code to compare coastal marine habitats in the Gulf of Maine." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (October 1, 2023): A171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023165.
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Identifying similarities and differences in soundscape properties among coastal marine habitats is valuable for determining indicators of habitat composition, assessing functional connectivity among habitats, and informing management decisions regarding the soundscapes of these habitats. The “Soundscape Code,” proposed and developed by Dylan Wilford, enables rapid calculation of values for four salient soundscape properties: amplitude, impulsivity, periodicity, and dissimilarity. This enables multivariate statistical analyses to quantitatively compare soundscapes in different habitat types and geographic regions. The objective of the current work was to determine whether geographic region or habitat type accounts for more variability in coastal soundscape properties. Passive acoustic recordings were acquired in three different habitat types (sand, macroalgae, and eelgrass dominated substrates), in each of four different geographic locations along the New Hampshire/Maine coastline, to compare the soundscapes of habitats with varied biological and geophysical substrate composition. Results indicate that geographic location accounted for more variability in the soundscapes than habitat type, suggesting that habitats’ local connectivity outweighs acoustic and biological uniformity of the same habitat type over broader spatial scales. Future analyses will incorporate metagenomic data for predictive modeling of habitat composition through the combined use of passive acoustic monitoring and metabarcoding of seawater samples.
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Grzędzicka, Emilia. "Assessment of Habitat Selection by Invasive Plants and Conditions with the Best Performance of Invasiveness Traits." Diversity 15, no. 3 (February 25, 2023): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15030333.
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Habitat selection is one of the fundamental concepts in ecology and means that each organism should choose the habitat that will maximize its success. Invaders may be an underestimated object in research on habitat selection. Invasive plants experience enormous propagule pressure and bear the costs of spreading in disturbed anthropogenic habitats. It means that they do not necessarily achieve maximum invasiveness traits in such habitats, which they selected to colonize. This study aimed to assess habitats where invaders are likely to occur from the set of all available ones in the landscape and the habitats with the best performed traits of invaders. The research was conducted on 52 and 112 plots in 2019 and 2021, respectively, in South-Eastern Poland, and the invasive plants were Caucasian hogweeds Heracleum sp. In the first year, the circle plots had a 50 m radius and were to measure habitat areas and traits of hogweeds (height, number of individuals in the plot, cover, and number of flowering specimens). Detrimental correspondence analysis and linear mixed model investigated that hogweeds achieved the best performance reflected by traits in continuous habitats—meadows and forests. In the second year, the plots to measure habitats had a 100 m radius. The reference plots were far from the invasion exposure, and the paired control vs. Heracleum ones had the same habitats with the potential to be invaded. The generalized linear mixed model showed that the probability of the hogweeds occurrence was higher when the habitat was overgrowing with a simultaneous decrease in open areas and in the increasing ruderal area with a decrease in bushes. The impact of the invader’s habitat on the invasion performance depended on the purpose of habitat selection. When invaders spread and increased invasive extent or appeared in habitat edges, they did not reach the highest traits, the best performing in continuous habitats. The specificity of habitat selection of invaders is another aspect that distinguishes invasion science from classic ecology.
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Faletti, ME, and CD Stallings. "Life history through the eyes of a hogfish: trophic growth and differential juvenile habitat use from stable isotope analysis." Marine Ecology Progress Series 666 (May 20, 2021): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13671.
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Understanding ontogenetic linkages among fish habitats is critical for conservation of fish populations and the ecosystems on which they rely. Natural tags such as stable isotopes are effective for investigating ecological questions regarding fish movement and habitat use. We analyzed stable isotopes from sequentially deposited laminae of hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus eye lenses from the eastern Gulf of Mexico (eGOM) to investigate trophic and geographic changes across individual life histories. We documented evidence of 1 to 2 step trophic level increases through δ15N increases. We also observed depth separation at the juvenile stage, evidenced by δ13C variation early in life. These results suggest that adult hogfish in deeper habitats likely inhabited deeper juvenile habitats (i.e. nearshore reefs), while adult hogfish inhabiting shallower adult habitats likely used shallower juvenile habitats (i.e. estuaries). This novel finding for eGOM hogfish contradicts prior literature that solely discusses seagrass as juvenile habitat. We used muscle tissue isotopes to characterize juvenile hogfish habitats and linear discriminant function analysis (LDA) to determine the habitats previously inhabited by adults in this study. The LDA revealed Cedar Key as the most used juvenile hogfish habitat in this study, but more evidence is needed to determine its status as a nursery. This study provides the first evidence for ontogenetic migration of individual hogfish using natural tags as tracers and demonstrates a mechanism for identifying juvenile habitats based on eye lens stable isotope analysis. Identifying ontogenetic patterns and habitat use can help to better conserve stocks and essential fish habitats.
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Kang, Dongwei, Xiaorong Wang, Hongwei Yang, Lijuan Duan, and Junqing Li. "Habitat use by giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in relation to roads in the Wanglang Nature Reserve, People’s Republic of China." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 8 (August 2014): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0088.
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The impacts of roads on wildlife and their habitats have been widely recognized. To assess the effects of roads on habitat use of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca (David, 1869)), we investigated the giant panda habitats and the roadside habitats in Wanglang Nature Reserve, People’s Republic of China. We found that giant pandas did not use the road-affected habitats, and compared with giant panda habitats, road-affected habitats were characterized by lower bamboo density and grazing disturbances. Therefore, our study demonstrated that roads negatively affected the habitat use of giant pandas, and such affected habitats could not meet the needs of these animals. These results suggest that to minimize the negative effects of roads on the conservation of species, a full evaluation of the effects of roads on wildlife and their habitats should be conducted before road construction, and effective protection measures should be taken to control for these negative effects.
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Harahap, Raja Rhamdany, Insan Kurnia, and Gatot Widodo. "Keanekaragaman Jenis Capung (Ordo Odonata) Pada Berbagai Tipe Habitat Di Kecamatan Leuwiliang Kabupaten Bogor." Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v14i2.5704.
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Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) are insects with an important role for biological control and environmental quality indicators. Odonata are scattered in various types of habitats, especially those associated with freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this research is to study the diversity of odonata in various habitat types in Leuwiliang District, Bogor Regency. The study was conducted on 10 habitat types with a total of 1289 observation lines. In total found 23 species of odonatan from eight families and two sub-orders. The highest species richness was found in stream water habitats (22 species) and the lowest in field habitats (five species). The chi-square test for the number of species and the number of individuals differed significantly between habitat types. The species diversity index ranged from 1.23-2.24 and the similarity index ranged from 0.39-0.71. The highest community similarity index was between lakes habitats and field habitats. The results of the MDS analysis resulted in three groups of odonata communities according to their habitat type.
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Jayawardana, J. M. C. K., Martin Westbrooke, Michael Wilson, and Cameron Hurst. "Macroinvertebrate communities in willow (Salix spp.) and reed beds (Phragmites australis) in central Victorian streams in Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 4 (2006): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05139.
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Exotic willows (Salix spp.) are widespread riparian tree species of rivers in temperate Australia and New Zealand. Despite being considered as a weed of national significance, little is known about the habitat value of willows and the impact on aquatic biota of vegetation change following willow management programmes. Macroinvertebrate fauna in root habitats of willows and Phragmites australis habitats were examined in three central Victorian rivers to understand the effect of such littoral habitat changes on macroinvertebrates. Data were analysed using Partially Nested Factorial ANOVA with season, river and habitat as main effects. Habitat structure had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on macroinvertebrate community assemblage. However, effect of habitat was not consistent among seasons. The greatest community differences among habitats were observed during winter and least separation during autumn. Taxa responsible for community differences among habitats were also identified. Species richness and abundance did not show consistent variation among habitats over different rivers or seasons. This study provided some indication of the macroinvertebrate community changes that would take place in situations where riparian vegetation changes takes place from willows to P. australis.
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Pike, David A., Kelley S. Peterman, and Jay H. Exum. "Habitat structure influences the presence of sand skinks (Plestiodon reynoldsi) in altered habitats." Wildlife Research 35, no. 2 (2008): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07119.
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We studied a fossorial endemic lizard (the sand skink, Plestiodon reynoldsi) to determine habitat structural and vegetation associations in altered habitats at micro-, local, and macroscales. Lizards were present in each of the structural categories and vegetation types we studied, although active orange groves negatively influenced distribution and relative density (determined as the proportion of coverboards within a sampling plot containing signs of sand skink presence). Conversely, relative densities were highest in forested habitats, which contain structural features similar to natural habitats. Sand skinks readily used the two soil types at our site, although the greatest densities were in sampling plots containing both types. We conclude that conditions are suitable for sand skink habitation within a variety of habitats with different structures, including those altered by humans. However, in all cases the underlying soil was also loose and dry, making fossorial locomotion possible for this species. Three lines of evidence suggest that populations in altered habitats were resident, rather than transient: (1) sand skinks are still present in altered habitats more than 35 skink generations after alteration occurred; (2) there was no relationship between sand skink density and distance to natural habitat; and (3) a very small portion of our site (<2%) consisted of natural habitat, which is most likely too small to be a long-term source population to nearby altered habitats. Our results indicate that although P. reynoldsi is often considered habitat-specific, this notion may be due to focusing sampling efforts on natural rather than disturbed habitats. Therefore, relying on preconceived notions of habitat associations may not be sufficient to understand the ecological relationships and local-scale distribution of this threatened species. Using such misinformation may lead to the design and implementation of inadequate conservation plans that ignore altered habitats in which focal species occur.
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Lee, Chen-Lu, Colin K. C. Wen, Yen-Hsun Huang, Chia-Yun Chung, and Hsing-Juh Lin. "Ontogenetic Habitat Usage of Juvenile Carnivorous Fish Among Seagrass-Coral Mosaic Habitats." Diversity 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11020025.
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Seagrass beds and coral reefs are both considered critical habitats for reef fishes, and in tropical coastal regions, they often grow together to form “mosaic” habitats. Although reef fishes clearly inhabit such structurally complex environments, there is little known about their habitat usage in seagrass-coral mosaic habitats. The goal of this study was to examine potential factors that drive habitat usage pattern by juvenile reef fishes. We quantified (1) prey availability, (2) potential competitors, and 3) predators across a gradient of mosaic habitats (n = 4 habitat types) for four dominant carnivorous fishes (lethrinids and lutjanids) in the main recruitment season at Dongsha Island, South China Sea. We found that the coral-dominated habitats had not only a higher availability of large crustacean prey but also a higher abundance of competitors and predators of juvenile fishes. Food availability was the most important factor underlying the habitat usage pattern by lethrinids and lutjanids through ontogeny. The predation pressure exhibited a strong impact on small juvenile lethrinids but not on larger juveniles and lutjanids. The four juvenile fishes showed distinct habitat usage patterns through ontogeny. Collectively, mosaic habitats in the back reef system may be linked to key ontogenetic shifts in the early life histories of reef fishes between seagrass beds and coral reefs.
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Liu, Yuan, Xianglin Ji, and Lizhi Zhou. "Assessment of Waterbird Habitat Importance and Identification of Conservation Gaps in Anhui Province." Animals 14, no. 7 (March 25, 2024): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14071004.
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Wetlands are among the most important habitats of highly wetland-dependent waterbirds but are subject to ongoing habitat loss and degradation owing to intensified anthropogenic activities. The scarcity of human and natural resources makes effective habitat protection an important concern. Here, we aimed to investigate waterbird habitat protection methods for Anhui Province, China, a critical stopover and wintering area on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway that features rich wetland resources subject to significant habitat loss and degradation. We evaluated the status and importance of 306 wintering waterbird habitats and identified the key environmental influences and current protection gaps using the entropy weights method and generalized additive modeling. We found 73 important habitats for waterbirds in Anhui Province, which were classified into levels of importance (descending from I to V) according to the natural discontinuity method. Level I and Level II habitats were mainly located in the Yangtze River floodplain and Level IV habitats in the Huaihe River floodplain. The gap analysis showed that 42 important waterbird habitats had protection gaps, accounting for 57.53% of the total area. Waterbird habitat importance was significantly correlated with elevation, normalized vegetation index, lake area, and lake circumference but not with distance from roads or population density. The results of this study provide scientific information for waterbird habitat conservation planning, which is crucial for maintaining wetland ecosystem functions.
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Rosenfeld, Jordan S., and Todd Hatfield. "Information needs for assessing critical habitat of freshwater fish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 683–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-242.
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The core assumptions of critical habitat designation are a positive relationship between habitat and population size and that a minimum habitat area is required to meet a recovery target. Effects of habitat on population limitation scale from (i) effects on performance of individuals (growth, survival, fecundity) within a life history stage, to (ii) limitation of populations by habitats associated with specific life history stages, and (iii) larger-scale habitat structure required for metapopulation persistence. The minimum subset of habitats required to achieve a recovery target will depend on the extent, quality, and spatial configuration of habitats available to sequential life history stages. Although populations may be limited by available habitat for a single life history stage, altering habitat quality for subsequent stages will also affect individual survival and population size, providing multiple leverage points within a life history for habitat management to achieve recovery targets. When habitat-explicit demographic data are lacking, consequences of uncertainty in critical habitat assessment need to be explicit, and research should focus on identifying habitats most likely to be limiting based on species biology.
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von Rönn, Gitta Ann, Knut Krämer, Markus Franz, Klaus Schwarzer, Hans-Christian Reimers, and Christian Winter. "Dynamics of Stone Habitats in Coastal Waters of the Southwestern Baltic Sea (Hohwacht Bay)." Geosciences 11, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11040171.
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Cobbles and boulders on the seafloor are of high ecological value in their function as habitats for a variety of benthic species, contributing to biodiversity and productivity in marine environments. We investigate the origin, physical shape, and structure of habitat-forming cobbles and boulders and reflect on their dynamics in coastal environments of the southwestern Baltic Sea. Stone habitats are not limited to lag deposits and cannot be sufficiently described as static environments, as different dynamic processes lead to changes within the physical habitat structure and create new habitats in spatially disparate areas. Dynamic processes such as (a) ongoing exposure of cobbles and boulders from glacial till, (b) continuous overturning of cobbles, and (c) the migration of cobbles need to be considered. A distinction between allochthonous and autochthonous habitats is suggested. The genesis of sediment types indicates that stone habitats are restricted to their source (glacial till), but hydrodynamic processes induce a redistribution of individual cobbles, leading to the development of new coastal habitats. Thus, coastal stone habitats need to be regarded as dynamic and are changing on a large bandwidth of timescales. In general, wave-induced processes changing the physical structure of these habitats do not occur separately but rather act simultaneously, leading to a dynamic type of habitat.
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Sievers, Katie T., Eva C. McClure, Rene A. Abesamis, and Garry R. Russ. "Multi-Scale Coral Reef and Seascape Habitat Variables Combine to Influence Reef Fish Assemblages." Fishes 9, no. 4 (April 15, 2024): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes9040137.
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While benthic characteristics of coral reef habitats are a major driver of the structure of coral reef fish assemblages, non-reef habitats adjacent to coral reefs (e.g., mangroves, seagrass beds, and macroalgal beds) can affect reef fish assemblages. Here, we investigate how reef fish assemblages respond to local-scale benthic habitats within a coral reef and larger-scale adjacent seascape features (habitats within 500 m of coral reefs) on Siquijor Island in the Philippines. We examined an abundance of species for the entire reef fish assemblage and within the assemblages of parrotfishes (subfamily Scarinae) and wrasses (family Labridae). Five distinct habitat types were identified in a cluster analysis, which incorporated benthic characteristics within coral reefs and habitats adjacent to coral reefs. We found that the diversity and structure of coral reef fish assemblages were affected by benthic characteristics within coral reefs and also by benthic habitat types adjacent to coral reefs. Individual species responses and juveniles of certain species demonstrated uniquely high abundances in habitat clusters characterized by the non-reef habitats surrounding coral reefs. Considering coral reef habitats and adjacent non-reef habitats as a holistic, interconnected seascape will provide better estimations of the drivers of the structures of coral reef fish assemblages.
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Ruslan, Hasni, Christian Flo Ryan, Danang Musyafa, and Dimas Mulya. "FLUKTUASI KELIMPAHAN DAN KERAGAMAN KUPU-KUPU (PAPILIONOIDEA) DI HUTAN KOTA ARBORETUM CIBUBUR JAKARTA." Jurnal Natural 18, no. 1 (May 22, 2022): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jn.v18i1.168.
Full textAbstract:
The Arboretum City Forest is located in Cibubur, East Jakarta, in this area there is biodiversity, one of which is butterflies. Butterflies act as an indicator of environmental change, in a habitat. There are two types of habitats in this urban forest, open and closed habitats, which greatly affect the diversity of butterflies. This study aims to determine the diversity of butterflies in the two habitats. The research was conducted in May 2021. The method used was a quantitative descriptive method, and the plot was carried out by purposive sampling. The study was carried out 4 times in each habitat (3 plots), with an interval of 1 week of observation. The research was conducted from 08:30 to 12:30, using insect nets and digital cameras. The number of butterflies found in open habitats was more (39 species, 177 individuals) than in closed habitats (25 species. 94 individuals). Based on, and the diversity of butterflies found shows a significant correlation with habitat conditions. In open forest habitats it is more suitable for butterflies. This difference is strongly influenced by the environmental conditions of the habitat, especially light, and plant diversity.
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Höök, Tomas O., Edward S. Rutherford, Thomas E. Croley, Doran M. Mason, and Charles P. Madenjian. "Annual variation in habitat-specific recruitment success: implications from an individual-based model of Lake Michigan alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 7 (July 2008): 1402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-066.
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The identification of important spawning and nursery habitats for fish stocks can aid fisheries management, but is complicated by various factors, including annual variation in recruitment success. The alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ) is an ecologically important species in Lake Michigan that utilizes a variety of habitats for spawning and early life growth. While productive, warm tributary mouths (connected to Lake Michigan) may contribute disproportionately more recruits (relative to their habitat volume) to the adult alewife population than cooler, less productive nearshore habitats, the extent of interannual variation in the relative contributions of recruits from these two habitat types remains unknown. We used an individual-based bioenergetics simulation model and input data on daily temperatures to estimate alewife recruitment to the adult population by these different habitat types. Simulations suggest that nearshore lake habitats typically produce the vast majority of young alewife recruits. However, tributary habitats may contribute the majority of alewife recruits during years of low recruitment. We suggest that high interannual variation in the relative importance of habitats for recruitment is a common phenomenon, which should be considered when developing habitat management plans for fish populations.
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Kazanidis, Georgios, Adriano Guido, Antonietta Rosso, Rossana Sanfilippo, J. Murray Roberts, and Vasilis Gerovasileiou. "One on Top of the Other: Exploring the Habitat Cascades Phenomenon in Iconic Biogenic Marine Habitats." Diversity 14, no. 4 (April 12, 2022): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14040290.
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Biogenic habitats often form hot spots of biodiversity. However, the role of epibiosis and the ‘habitat cascades’ phenomenon in enhancing structural heterogeneity and biodiversity in biogenic habitats in remote and difficult-to-access areas is little known. In this work, we provide the first insight by exploring epibiosis across remote habitats that often support high levels of biodiversity, i.e., cold-water coral reefs and marine caves. The present study acts as a stepping-stone for the further exploration of ‘habitat cascades’ in habitats where scientific knowledge about this phenomenon is limited.
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Paterson, J. E., B. D. Steinberg, and J. D. Litzgus. "Generally specialized or especially general? Habitat selection by Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) in central Ontario." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 2 (February 2012): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-118.
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Habitat selection is the disproportionate use of habitat compared with availability. Many studies have focused on specialists, but few have considered habitat selection in populations that are generalists, which can be composed of generalist individuals or individuals that specialize on different habitats. We tested habitat selection and individual specialization in a northern population of a supposed generalist, the Snapping Turtle ( Chelydra serpentina (L., 1758)), during the active season and winter using telemetry. Habitat selection was tested at two spatial scales by comparing random points to home ranges and turtle locations using Euclidean distances. Turtles selected home ranges from the habitats available in the population range. However, at the population level, all aquatic habitats were equally preferred, and the population behaved as a generalist owing to individuals specialized on different habitats. Over half of the individuals showed evidence of individual specialization on different habitat types. Turtles did not select habitat within home ranges during the active season, but overwintering turtles chose locations that were colder than haphazard stations in the same habitats, likely to reduce metabolic costs and the risk of acidosis. These findings have implications for the management of this species at risk and for understanding the evolution of resource generalization.
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Mäki-Petäys, Aki, Jaakko Erkinaro, Eero Niemelä, Ari Huusko, and Timo Muotka. "Spatial distribution of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a subarctic river: size-specific changes in a strongly seasonal environment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 2329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-218.
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We examined seasonal variation in the spatial distribution and habitat preference of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a subarctic river characterized by near-zero water temperatures for 78 months a year. Size-specific differences in habitat use were pronounced in summer but disappeared at the onset of winter, when the habitats preferred by small (≤6 cm) and larger (717 cm) salmon overlapped heavily. Small salmon favoured low-velocity habitats during all seasons, and in summer and autumn they mainly occupied shallow microhabitats along stream margins. In winter and spring, small salmon preferred deeper habitats farther away from the shoreline. Larger salmon favoured deeper habitats in all seasons, but they only occupied slowly flowing areas at low water temperatures. Since all salmon size classes were closely associated with deep and low-velocity habitats in winter and spring, this time of year may represent a size-selective bottleneck for Atlantic salmon populations. Therefore, management schemes aiming to enhance salmonid habitats in boreal streams must rest on the knowledge of season- and size-specific habitat requirements of salmonid species.
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Mellin, C., and D. Ponton. "Assemblages of reef fish settling on artificial substrates: effect of ambient habitat over two temporal scales." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 12 (2009): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08319.
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Artificial habitats provide a unique opportunity to investigate how habitat characteristics structure juvenile fish assemblages after settlement. We quantified the differences between assemblages of juvenile fish on artificial substrates moored in macroalgal beds, seagrass beds or coral patches over two temporal scales that corresponded to a short (48 h) and a longer (>2 weeks) immersion time, respectively. The highest abundances were obtained from artificial habitats moored in seagrass beds, whatever the immersion time was. Total abundances of juveniles increased 3-fold between a short and a long immersion, suggesting a net accumulation of individuals with time. Moreover, significant differences in juvenile fish assemblage structure were observed between habitats and between immersion times. Artificial habitats may reflect species-specific habitat preferences at settlement at a meso-scale; however, caution must be paid to the effects of ambient habitat and post-settlement processes on juvenile fish assemblages observed on artificial habitats.
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Neumüller, Ulrich, Hannah Burger, Sabrina Krausch, Nico Blüthgen, and Manfred Ayasse. "Interactions of local habitat type, landscape composition and flower availability moderate wild bee communities." Landscape Ecology 35, no. 10 (August 25, 2020): 2209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01096-4.
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Abstract Context Landscape and local habitat traits moderate wild bee communities. However, whether landscape effects differ between local habitat types is largely unknown. Objectives We explored the way that wild bee communities in three distinct habitats are shaped by landscape composition and the availability of flowering plants by evaluating divergences in response patterns between habitats. Methods In a large-scale monitoring project across 20 research areas, wild bee data were collected on three habitats: near-natural grassland, established flower plantings and residual habitats (e.g. field margins). Additionally, landscape composition was mapped around the research areas. Results Our monitoring produced a dataset of 27,650 bees belonging to 324 species. Bee communities on all three habitats reacted similarly to local flower availability. Intensively managed grassland in the surrounding landscape had an overall negative effect on the studied habitats. Other landscape variables produced diverging response patterns that were particularly pronounced during early and late season. Bee communities in near-natural grassland showed a strong positive response to ruderal areas. Flower plantings and residual habitats such as field margins showed a pronounced positive response to extensively managed grassland and woodland edges. Response patterns regarding bee abundance were consistent with those found for species richness. Conclusion We advise the consideration of local habitat type and seasonality when assessing the effect of landscape context on bee communities. A reduction in the intensity of grassland management enhances bee diversity in a broad range of habitats. Moreover, wild bee communities are promoted by habitat types such as ruderal areas or woodland edges.
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Rabbe, Md Fazle, Nur Mohammad, Dipongkor Roy, M. Firoj Jaman, and M. Niamul Naser. "A rapid survey of herpetofaunal diversity in Nijhum Dwip National Park, Bangladesh." Reptiles & Amphibians 29, no. 1 (January 9, 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v29i1.15794.
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The ecological effects of habitat use by herpetofaunal species vary widely and recognizing relative habitat value will help to improve conservation theory and practice in a particular landscape. To understand how different habitat uses influence diversity in riparian landscapes, we studied reptile and amphibian assemblages across major habitats (agricultural land, forest, human habitation, and waterbodies) in Nijhum Dwip National Park, Bangladesh. A total of 35 herpetofaunal species were found; among them, 17 were directly observed and 18 were reported from a questionnaire survey. Among the observed species, the Asian Common Toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus was the most commonly seen (relative abundance 0.32). We found that forest habitat contained a greater diversity of herpetofauna than other habitats followed by agricultural land, human habitation, and waterbodies. We also found 8 habitat specialist species and 9 generalist species in this study. Our results show that different habitats support different species assemblages in Nijhum Dwip National Park, signifying the importance of diversified habitats for the herpetofaunal population. Understanding this importance is crucial for identifying matrix environments that can complement the forest habitats of sensitive as well as specialist herpetofaunal species.
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Belovsky, Gary E. "Insights for caribou/reindeer management using optimal foraging theory." Rangifer 11, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.11.4.987.
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Optimal foraging theory is useful to wildlife managers, because it helps explain the nutritional value of different habitats for wildlife species. Based upon nutritional value, the use of different habitats can be predicted, including how factors such as insect harassment, predation and migration might modify habitat selection. If habitat value and use can be understood, then changes in habitat availability which are of concern to wildlife managers can be assessed. The theory is used to address diet choice and habitat use of caribou/reindeer. Diet choice is examined in terms of lichen composition of the diet and is demonstrated to be a function of daily feeding time, food abundance and digestive capacity. The diet choice model is then used to assess the nutritional profitability of different habitats and which habitat should be preferred based upon nutritional profitability. Caribou/reindeer use of habitats is demonstrated to be easily modified by insect harassment and predation which change the nutritional profitability of habitats differentially. The same type of approach could be used to explain migratory behaviour; however, the needed parameter values are unavailable. The results of this analysis lead one to question some common conceptions about caribou/reindeer ecology.