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Journal articles on the topic 'Habitat modification'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Setiawan, Kuncoro Teguh, Nana Suwargana, Devica Natalia Br. Ginting, Masita Dwi Mandini Manessa, Nanin Anggraini, Syifa Wismayati Adawiah, Atriyon Julzarika, Surahman Surahman, Syamsu Rosid, and Agustinus Harsono Supardjo. "BATHYMETRY EXTRACTION FROM SPOT 7 SATELLITE IMAGERY USING RANDOM FOREST METHODS." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 16, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2019.v16.a3085.

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The scope of this research is the application of the random forest method to SPOT 7 data to produce bathymetry information for shallow waters in Indonesia. The study aimed to analyze the effect of base objects in shallow marine habitats on estimating bathymetry from SPOT 7 satellite imagery. SPOT 7 satellite imagery of the shallow sea waters of Gili Matra, West Nusa Tenggara Province was used in this research. The estimation of bathymetry was carried out using two in-situ depth-data modifications, in the form of a random forest algorithm used both without and with benthic habitats (coral reefs, seagrass, macroalgae, and substrates). For bathymetry estimation from SPOT 7 data, the first modification (without benthic habitats) resulted in a 90.2% coefficient of determination (R2) and 1.57 RMSE, while the second modification (with benthic habitats) resulted in an 85.3% coefficient of determination (R2) and 2.48 RMSE. This research showed that the first modification achieved slightly better results than the second modification; thus, the benthic habitat did not significantly influence bathymetry estimation from SPOT 7 imagery.
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2

Johns, Andrew D. "Responses of Amazonian rain forest birds to habitat modification." Journal of Tropical Ecology 7, no. 4 (November 1991): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400005812.

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ABSTRACTBird species were surveyed in a variety of habitat types in a lightly populated area of western Brazilian Amazonia. Habitats surveyed were untagged forest, selectively logged forest, ‘capoeira’ (scrub regenerating on cleared land), cropfields, and an isolated 35 ha forest ‘island’. All habitats were within a few kilometres of each other. Many bird species were found to occur in all or most habitats, although the similarlity of the species assemblages dropped with increasing levels of disturbance of the natural vegetation. Certain understorey insectivores common in untagged forest were rarely observed in other habitats; disturbed areas contained higher numbers of flycalching insectivores or birds feeding on both insects and fruit, some of which were open-country rather than forest species. The avifauna of the forest ‘island’ was more similar to that of regenerating scrub than to that of tall forest, and the persistence of forest species was attributed to their ability to move to and from nearby continuous forest areas.
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BUIJ, RALPH, NIKIE VAN DORST, HENRIËTTE F. SALOMONS, BARBARA M. CROES, MAURINE W. DIETZ, and JAN KOMDEUR. "Response to habitat modification by foraging Dark-chanting Goshawks Melierax metabates in a West African savanna." Bird Conservation International 25, no. 3 (December 11, 2014): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000112.

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SummaryAnthropogenic habitat alteration has probably contributed significantly to the decrease of raptor populations in West African savannas. To evaluate the impact of habitat degradation on foraging by sedentary Afrotropical raptors, we investigated the differences in microhabitat selection, foraging effort and energy returns between Dark-chanting Goshawks Melierax metabates inhabiting natural and transformed savannas in Cameroon. We expected that the agro-ecosystems in the transformed savannas have become unprofitable for Dark-chanting Goshawks due to scarcity of food resources. In both savanna types we radio-tracked six mated, adult males during the non-breeding season and determined foraging effort, by time spent at each perch and distance covered between perches, and energy intake through estimation of the energy value of prey items. Goshawks in natural habitats had smaller home-ranges and exploited their range more intensively than Goshawks in transformed habitats. In both natural and transformed habitats, Goshawks selected foraging patches with comparatively tall trees, underlining their importance to foraging Goshawks. The extent of shrub and herbaceous layer cover, agriculture cover, and tree density were other important predictors of foraging patch use, but their importance differed between habitats. The extent of shrub, herbaceous layer and agriculture cover were positively associated with foraging patch use in transformed habitats, suggesting that cultivated fields and ground vegetation support important prey resources for Goshawks in agro-ecosystems. The composition of broad prey categories to the diet, foraging effort and returns were comparable between habitats. However, we found indications that the proportion of heavy-bodied lizard species among reptile prey items was higher in natural than transformed habitats, whereas on average smaller lizards were more commonly caught in the latter. Mean herbaceous layer height and tree density within home ranges, both higher in natural habitat, were negatively related to prey capture rates. Tree clearance and livestock grazing thus favored greater prey capture rates in transformed habitat, offsetting a lower meal energy value compared to natural habitat. We conclude that foraging Dark-chanting Goshawks may cope with moderate land transformation, but practices focused on conservation of tall trees and ground vegetation cover would be beneficial by maintaining important prey resources and their exploitability under growing land pressure.
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Poole, Kim G., Leslie A. Wakelyn, and Paul N. Nicklen. "Habitat selection by lynx in the Northwest Territories." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-098.

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An understanding of habitat selection by lynx (Lynx canadensis) in the northern boreal forest is needed to evaluate the potential impacts of habitat modification (wildfire and timber harvesting) on lynx populations. We quantified habitat selection by lynx in a 290-km2 study area in the western Northwest Territories from 1989 to 1993 by radio-collaring 27 adult lynx (12 females and 15 males). An 8-class habitat map, produced using Landsat thematic mapper data, was used to assess habitat selection. Lynx used habitats disproportionately to their availability (P < 0.001), both at the landscape level and within home ranges. Dense coniferous and dense deciduous forests had higher selection indices than other habitat classes, and wetland – lake bed complexes and open black spruce (Picea mariana) forests had lower selection indices. Habitat selection did not differ between the sexes or among years (P ≥ 0.4) Habitat alteration by wildfire in the northern boreal forest could significantly affect populations of the lynx and its primary prey, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), particularly by maintaining or increasing the availability of dense forest and other preferred habitats.
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5

MAIROTA, PAOLA, VINCENZO LERONNI, WEIMIN XI, DAVID J. MLADENOFF, and HARINI NAGENDRA. "Using spatial simulations of habitat modification for adaptive management of protected areas: Mediterranean grassland modification by woody plant encroachment." Environmental Conservation 41, no. 2 (November 15, 2013): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291300043x.

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SUMMARYSpatial simulation may be used to model the potential effects of current biodiversity approaches on future habitat modification under differing climate change scenarios. To illustrate the approach, spatial simulation models, including landscape-level forest dynamics, were developed for a semi-natural grassland of conservation concern in a southern Italian protected area, which was exposed to woody vegetation encroachment. A forest landscape dynamics simulator (LANDIS-II) under conditions of climate change, current fire and alternative management regimes was used to develop scenario maps. Landscape pattern metrics provided data on fragmentation and habitat quality degradation, and quantified the spatial spread of different tree species within grassland habitats. The models indicated that approximately one-third of the grassland area would be impacted by loss, fragmentation and degradation in the next 150 years. Differing forest management regimes appear to influence the type of encroaching species and the density of encroaching vegetation. Habitat modifications are likely to affect species distribution and interactions, as well as local ecosystem functioning, leading to changes in estimated conservation value. A site-scale conservation strategy based on feasible integrated fire and forest management options is proposed, considering the debate on the effectiveness of protected areas for the conservation of ecosystem services in a changing climate. This needs to be tested through further modelling and scenario analysis, which would benefit from the enhancement of current modelling capabilities of LANDIS-II and from combination with remote sensing technologies, to provide early signals of environmental shifts both within and outside protected areas.
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6

Kwong, Ivan H. Y., Frankie K. K. Wong, Tung Fung, Eric K. Y. Liu, Roger H. Lee, and Terence P. T. Ng. "A Multi-Stage Approach Combining Very High-Resolution Satellite Image, GIS Database and Post-Classification Modification Rules for Habitat Mapping in Hong Kong." Remote Sensing 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010067.

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Identification and mapping of various habitats with sufficient spatial details are essential to support environmental planning and management. Considering the complexity of diverse habitat types in a heterogeneous landscape, a context-dependent mapping framework is expected to be superior to traditional classification techniques. With the aim to produce a territory-wide habitat map in Hong Kong, a three-stage mapping procedure was developed to identify 21 habitats by combining very-high-resolution satellite images, geographic information system (GIS) layers and knowledge-based modification rules. In stage 1, several classification methods were tested to produce initial results with 11 classes from a WorldView-2/3 image mosaic using a combination of spectral, textural, topographic and geometric variables. In stage 2, modification rules were applied to refine the classification results based on contextual properties and ancillary data layers. Evaluation of the classified maps showed that the highest overall accuracy was obtained from pixel-based random forest classification (84.0%) and the implementation of modification rules led to an average 8.8% increase in the accuracy. In stage 3, the classification scheme was expanded to all 21 habitats through the adoption of additional rules. The resulting habitat map achieved >80% accuracy for most of the evaluated classes and >70% accuracy for the mixed habitats when validated using field-collected points. The proposed mapping framework was able to utilize different information sources in a systematic and controllable workflow. While transitional mixed habitats were mapped using class membership probabilities and a soft classification method, the identification of other habitats benefited from the hybrid use of remote-sensing classification and ancillary data. Adaptive implementation of classification procedures, development of appropriate rules and combination with spatial data are recommended when producing an integrated and accurate map.
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Rambaldini, D. A., and R. M. Brigham. "Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) foraging over native and vineyard habitats in British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 9 (September 2011): 816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-053.

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Optimal foraging theory predicts organisms will forage in habitats providing the most profitable prey. Human alterations to ecosystems may affect predators’ foraging activity by changing landscape features, prey types, and prey availability. Assessing the selection of foraging habitats in a heterogeneous landscape can provide data to improve land management and conservation policies. In Canada, the pallid bat ( Antrozous pallidus (LeConte, 1856); Vespertilionidae) is listed as threatened partly because of loss or modification of shrub–steppe habitat. Our purpose was to determine if vineyards provide a suitable surrogate for foraging habitat relative to native habitat. We used pitfall traps to compare prey abundance in each habitat and analyzed faeces to assess diet composition. Over 24 nights, we surveyed both habitats for foraging bats. Bats foraged over vineyards, but we recorded significantly more foraging activity over native habitat. We collected over 2000 arthropods in pitfall traps and found significantly more in native habitat compared with vineyards. Species eaten by pallid bats were present in both habitats. Scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabidae) and Jerusalem crickets (Orthopthera: Stenopelmatidae) represented the principal prey. The use of vineyards by pallid bats for foraging suggests that while they are adapting to a changing landscape, reduced prey abundance in vineyards may negatively affect them over the long term.
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8

Fischer, Joern, and David B. Lindenmayer. "Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: a synthesis." Global Ecology and Biogeography 16, no. 3 (May 2007): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00287.x.

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9

Van Emden, H. F., and Z. T. Dabrowski. "Biodiversity and habitat modification in pest management." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 15, no. 06 (December 1994): 605–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174275840001691x.

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10

Iwan, Suryadi. "Habitat characteristics with an. barbirostris larva density in Bulukumba." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 06019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187306019.

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Bulukumba is a malaria endemic area in South Sulawesi with malaria cases reported annually, An.barbirostris as a potential vector of malaria in the area. This study aims to analyze habitat characteristics with a density of An. barbirostris larvae The method used is an observational study with ecological survey design through the cross-sectional approach of samples in the form of Anopheles larvae habitat. Bivariate analysis shows physical, chemical, and biological environmental factors. water temperature significant to the density of larva An.barbirostris with p-value = 0,002. Multivariate test using linear regression to know the most influential variables, it is known that the variables that have the most influence on the density of larvae An. barbirostris in endemic area Bulukumba is water temperature p = 0,002. Environmental factors such as salinity, aquatic plant, plants around, predators and crops along with water temperature are factors that support the density of An. barbirostris larvae Control can be done with environmental management, especially interventions on Anopheles sp larvae breeding habitat, by sowing predator fish seeds, habitat modification and manipulation. modification of anopheles habitat by covering habitats and carrying out development can reduce larval nutrition so as to reduce carbon in the soil which results in a decrease in larval density.
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Rugiero, Lorenzo, Massimo Capula, Massimiliano Di Vittorio, Daniele Dendi, Roger Meek, and Luca Luiselli. "Ontogenetic Habitat Use and Density of the Green Lizard (Lacerta bilineata) in Contrasted Landscapes in France and Italy." Conservation 1, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/conservation1010001.

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Habitat modification is a major factor in the decline of reptile populations. The degree of the decline has been shown to be directly related to the intensity of habitat modification. Farming practices and urbanization are just two of the factors involved indicating that the development of practices that minimize or cancel anthropogenic impacts is urgently needed to prevent further declines. This requires knowledge of population ecology of reptiles in both disturbed and pristine habitats. In this paper, we describe aspects of green lizard (Lacerta bilineata) population ecology in a forest–pasture relatively pristine mosaic habitat in central Italy and a fragmented habitat in western France. In Italy, habitat niche overlap was very high between males and females but very low between males and juveniles. For male and female abundances, general linear models showed that the adult abundances increased with the increase of Rubus bushes, whereas juvenile abundance increased with the increase of Spartium bushes. Contingency table analysis showed that juveniles were also much more frequently observed in grasslands than adults of either sexes. The observed ontogenetic structural niche pattern was likely due to intraspecific competition avoidance, competition interference, and cannibalism. The persistence of the same patterns across years demonstrates a temporal stability of the ontogenetic structural niche pattern. Over the length of the study period, population densities were stable in the Italian population, but densities were much higher by around five times in the hedgerow in the fragmented habitat in France. In the hedgerow, monthly lizard presence was uneven, with the greatest number of sightings in June and July. Overall, our study provided no support for the notion that lizard abundance/density should be lower in modified compared to unmodified habitats, and clearly revealed that a careful management of the hedgerows is crucial for the conservation of this lizard species in agro-forest ecosystems.
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Noureen, Nadia, Mubashar Hussain, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Muhammad Umar, Zaheer Abbas, and Saira Munaward. "Habitat Types Effect on Diversity, Distribution and Abundance of Dung Beetles." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 64, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.64.3.2021.217.224.

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Dung beetles are ecologically important taxa to study the assessment of habitat modification and disturbance across the globe. This study was aimed to explore community composition, species richness and abundance of dung beetles in response to Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Dung beetle assemblage were sampled from four habitat (natural rangeland, cropland, roadside and housing colonies) during 2014-2016 by placing pitfall traps baited with cattle dung. A total number of 540 specimens representing 17 species belonging to seven genera and four tribes were collected. We calculated species relative abundance in natural habitat (34.8%), cropland habitat (40.4%) and in road side areas (25.2%) was recorded, whereas no specimens were recorded in urban areas. Aphodius contaminatus (42.96%) was the most abundant species followed by Onitis castaneous (26.29%) and Onitis singhalensis (20.74%). Tunnellers (50.58%) and dwellers (49.01%) were dominant in all habitats, whereas rollers were least abundant (1.37%). The values of Shannon-Wiener (H) diversity and evenness (E) showed variations among different habitats i.e. natural habitat (H=1.20; E=0.55), cropland habitat (H=1.41, E=0.32) and roads-side (H=0.80, E=0.37). The study showed that cropland served as a major habitat for dung beetles due to its uniformity and close association with mammalian fauna. The results emphasized that natural habitats within the agro-ecosystem have become isolated and fragmented habitat with lesser stability and low resources thus resulting into less diverse habitat. Roadside areas are in close proximity with cropland and act as corridors for efficient species flow within ecosystem due to cattle movement through these areas.
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Edwards, Felicity A., David P. Edwards, Keith C. Hamer, and Tom M. Fayle. "Tropical land-use change alters trait-based community assembly rules for dung beetles and birds." Oecologia 195, no. 3 (February 8, 2021): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04829-z.

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AbstractTropical rainforest disturbance and conversion are critical drivers of biodiversity loss. A key knowledge gap is understanding the impacts of habitat modification on mechanisms of community assembly, which are predicted to respond differently between taxa and across spatial scales. We use a null model approach to detect trait assembly of species at local- and landscape-scales, and then subdivide communities with different habitat associations and foraging guilds to investigate whether the detection of assembly mechanisms varies between groups. We focus on two indicator taxa, dung beetles and birds, across a disturbance gradient of primary rainforest, selectively logged rainforest, and oil palm plantations in Borneo, Southeast Asia. Random community assembly was predominant for dung beetles across habitats, whereas trait convergence, indicative of environmental filtering, occurred across the disturbance gradient for birds. Assembly patterns at the two spatial scales were similar. Subdividing for habitat association and foraging guild revealed patterns hidden when focusing on the overall community. Dung beetle forest specialists and habitat generalists showed opposing assembly mechanisms in primary forest, community assembly of habitat generalists for both taxa differed with disturbance intensity, and insectivorous birds strongly influenced overall community assembly relative to other guilds. Our study reveals the sensitivity of community assembly mechanisms to anthropogenic disturbance via a shift in the relative contribution of stochastic and deterministic processes. This highlights the need for greater understanding of how habitat modification alters species interactions and the importance of incorporating species’ traits within assessments.
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Fontúrbel, Francisco E., and Maureen M. Murúa. "Microevolutionary Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Plant-Animal Interactions." Advances in Ecology 2014 (August 25, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/379267.

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Plant-animal interactions are a key component for biodiversity maintenance, but they are currently threatened by human activities. Habitat fragmentation might alter ecological interactions due to demographic changes, spatial discontinuities, and edge effects. Also, there are less evident effects of habitat fragmentation that potentially alter selective forces and compromise the fitness of the interacting species. Changes in the mutualistic and antagonistic interactions in fragmented habitats could significantly influence the plant reproductive output and the fauna assemblage associated with. Fragmented habitats may trigger contemporary evolution processes and open new evolutionary opportunities. Interacting parties with a diffuse and asymmetric relationship are less susceptible to local extinction but more prone to evolve towards new interactions or autonomy. However, highly specialized mutualisms are likely to disappear. On the other hand, ecological interactions may mutually modulate their response in fragmented habitats, especially when antagonistic interactions disrupt mutualistic ones. Ecoevolutionary issues of habitat fragmentation have been little explored, but the empiric evidence available suggests that the complex modification of ecological interactions in fragmented habitats might lead to nonanalogous communities on the long term.
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Milanovic, Ana, Marko Urosev, and Dragana Milijasevic. "Use of the RHS method in Golijska Moravica river basin." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 86, no. 2 (2006): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0602053m.

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River Habitat Survey (RHS) is terrain method developed in UK in 1994. for determination of physical character of rivers and river basin. This method is applied for the first time in Golijska Moravica river basin. Two indices which broadly describe the diversity of river habitat and landscape features (Habitat Quality Assessment (HQA)) and extent and severity of artificial modification to the channel (Habitat Modification Class (HMC)) has been developed for reporting purposes. These are based on simple scoring systems which have been agreed by technical experts.
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Wang, Min, and David E. Lincoln. "Effects of light intensity and artificial wounding on monoterpene production in Myrica cerifera from two different ecological habitats." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-107.

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The contributions of multiple factors to plant defense and herbivory in different habitats has received limited study. This study examines the contributions of genotypic differentiation and modification by physical factors to chemical defense and herbivory of Myrica cerifera L. in contrasting habitats. The constitutive leaf monoterpene content of M. cerifera was higher in a sunny habitat than in an adjacent shady habitat at a southeastern USA coastal site. Leaf area loss was higher in the shady habitat than in the sunny habitat. A significant negative correlation of monoterpene content and leaf area loss suggests that monoterpenes may play toxic or deterrent roles in these plants. When plants from the two habitats were grown under uniform greenhouse conditions, the contents and compositions of leaf monoterpenes were not significantly different, implying that two ecotypes were not involved. The plants treated in high light intensity had significantly higher monoterpene content, higher growth rate, and denser glandular trichomes than the plants treated in low light intensity. Artificial wounding induced a significant increase of monoterpene production. However, the wounding responses of the plants from the two habitats were not different, nor did irradiance modify the response.Key words: ecotype, herbivory, light intensity, monoterpenes, wounding induction, Myrica cerifera.
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Wen, C. K. C., M. S. Pratchett, K. T. Shao, K. P. Kan, and B. K. K. Chan. "Effects of habitat modification on coastal fish assemblages." Journal of Fish Biology 77, no. 7 (October 26, 2010): 1674–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02809.x.

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Baine, M., and J. Side. "Habitat modification and manipulation as a management tool." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 13, no. 2 (2003): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:rfbf.0000019480.95010.67.

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White, Jennifer A., and D. A. Andow. "Habitat modification contributes to associational resistance between herbivores." Oecologia 148, no. 3 (February 23, 2006): 482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0388-1.

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Bandyopadhyay, Meghna, A. Cole Burton, Sandeep Kumar Gupta, and Ramesh Krishnamurthy. "Understanding the distribution and fine-scale habitat selection of mesocarnivores along a habitat quality gradient in western Himalaya." PeerJ 10 (September 16, 2022): e13993. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13993.

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Background: Human activities have resulted in a rapid increase of modified habitats in proximity to wildlife habitats in the Himalaya. However, it is crucial to understand the extent to which human habitat modification affects wildlife. Mesocarnivores generally possess broader niches than large carnivores and adapt quickly to human activities. Here, we use a case study in the western Himalaya to test the hypothesis that human disturbance influenced mesocarnivore habitat use. Methods: We used camera trapping and mitochondrial DNA-based species identification from faecal samples to obtain mesocarnivore detections. We then compared the responses of mesocarnivores between an anthropogenic site and a less disturbed park along a contiguous gradient in habitat quality. The non-linear pattern in species-specific habitat selection and factors responsible for space usage around villages was captured using hierarchical generalized additive modelling (HGAM) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination. Results: Wildlife occurrences along the gradient varied by species. Leopard cat and red fox were the only terrestrial mesocarnivores that occurred in both anthropogenic site and park. We found a shift in habitat selection from less disturbed habitat in the park to disturbed habitat in anthropogenic site for the species detected in both the habitat types. For instance, red fox showed habitat selection towards high terrain ruggedness (0.5 to 0.7 TRI) and low NDVI (−0.05 to 0.2) in the park but no such specific selection in anthropogenic site. Further, leopard cat showed habitat selection towards moderate slope (20°) and medium NDVI (0.5) in park but no prominent habitat selections in anthropogenic site. The results revealed their constrained behaviour which was further supported by the intensive site usage close to houses, agricultural fields and human trails in villages. Conclusions: Our results indicate shifts in habitat selection and intensive site usage by mesocarnivores in the human-modified habitat. In future, this suggests the possibility of conflict and disease spread affecting both the people and wildlife. Therefore, this study highlights the requisite to test the wildlife responses to rapidly growing human expansions in modified habitats to understand the extent of impact. The management strategies need to have an integrated focus for further expansions of modified habitat and garbage disposal strategies, especially in the human-wildlife interface area.
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CANSECO-MÁRQUEZ, LUIS, J. LUIS AGUILAR-LÓPEZ, RICARDO LURÍA-MANZANO, EDUARDO PINEDA, and ITZUE W. CAVIEDES-SOLÍS. "A new species of treefrog of the genus Ptychohyla (Anura: Hylidae) from Southern Mexico." Zootaxa 4317, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4317.2.5.

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We describe a new species of treefrog of the genus Ptychohyla from southern Mexico occurring to the east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. This new species can be distinguished from Mexican congeners by a combination of a pale pink iris and the presence of nuptial excrescences in breeding males. Including this new taxon, the number of species of Ptychohyla increases to 14, with seven of these occurring in Mexico. The new species is relatively common in pristine tropical forests, but appears to be sensitive to habitat degradation and has not been found in human modified habitats, suggesting that habitat modification is a threat for this hylid frog.
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Amspacher, Katelyn, F. Agustín Jiménez, and Clayton Nielsen. "Influence of Habitat on Presence of Striped Skunks in Midwestern North America." Diversity 13, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13020083.

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Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are urban-adapted, generalist mesocarnivores widely distributed throughout North America. Although striped skunks have been studied extensively at small scales, knowledge of habitat influences on striped skunks at large scales is lacking. We developed a species distribution model (SDM) to examine potential striped skunk presence in a 16,058 km2 portion of southern Illinois, USA. We built models using SDM Toolbox and MaxEnt, and incorporated known presence locations, 1 km2 land cover data, and an index of human modification of the landscape. Land cover and human modification explained 98% and 2% of variation in our model, respectively. The highest presence of striped skunks existed in areas with forest cover and developed open space with moderate human modification. The striped skunk presence was lowest in areas with cultivated crops and woody wetlands with either low or high human modification. Forest cover provides natural food and shelter resources for striped skunks, but resources are likely augmented by human activity in developed open space. Cultivated crops only provide seasonal resources, and inundation limits denning in wooded wetlands. Our model indicated striped skunks are a synanthropic species that regularly inhabits both natural and anthropogenic habitats over a large scale.
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Li, Ye, Yu Zhang, Yadong Xue, Yuguang Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yayue Gao, and Diqiang Li. "Analysis of Conservation Gaps and Landscape Connectivity for Snow Leopard in Qilian Mountains of China." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031638.

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Human modification and habitat fragmentation have a substantial influence on large carnivores, which need extensive, contiguous habitats to survive in a landscape. The establishment of protected areas is an effective way to offer protection for carnivore populations by buffering them from anthropogenic impacts. In this study, we used MaxEnt to model habitat suitability and to identify conservation gaps for snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Qilian Mountains of China, and then assessed the impact of highways/railways and their corridors on habitat connectivity using a graph-based landscape connectivity model. Our results indicated that the study area had 51,137 km2 of potentially suitable habitat for snow leopards and that there were four protection gaps outside of Qilian Mountain National Park. The findings revealed that the investigated highway and railway resulted in a decrease in connectivity at a regional scale, and that corridor development might enhance regional connectivity, which strengthens the capacity of central habitat patches to act as stepping stones and improve connections between western and eastern habitat patches. This study emphasized the need for assessing the impact of highways and railways, as well as their role in corridor development, on species’ connectivity. Based on our results, we provide some detailed recommendations for designing protection action plans for effectively protecting snow leopard habitat and increasing habitat connectivity.
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Nur, Wahyudin, Trisilowati, Agus Suryanto, and Wuryansari Muharini Kusumawinahyu. "Schistosomiasis model with treatment, habitat modification and biological control." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 12 (2022): 13799–828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022643.

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<abstract><p>Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by <italic>Schistosoma</italic> worm infection. Some species of snails can serve as the intermediate hosts for the parasite. Numerous interventions have been performed to repress the snail population. One of them is the use of molluscicide. Nevertheless, it is debated that molluscicide intervention has negative impacts on the ecosystem. To investigate the impact of more environmentally friendly interventions, we develop a schistosomiasis model with treatment, habitat modification and biological control. The biological control agent examined in our model is a snail predator. Moreover, to investigate the impact of snail habitat modification, we assume that the snail population grows logistically. We show that all solutions of our model are non-negative and bounded. We also study the existence and stability conditions of equilibrium points. The basic reproduction numbers are determined using the next-generation operator. Linearization combined with the Routh-Hurwitz criterion is used to prove the local stability condition of disease-free equilibrium points. Bifurcation theory is applied to investigate the local stability condition of the endemic equilibrium points. To examine the global behavior of our model, we use asymptotically autonomous system theory and construct a Lyapunov function. We perform several numerical simulations to validate and support our deductive results. Our results show that early treatment can reduce the basic reproduction number and schistosomiasis cases. In addition, modifying snail habitat and releasing the snail predator at the snail habitat can reduce schistosomiasis prevalence. We suggest using snail predators which can hunt and kill snails effectively as a biological control agent.</p></abstract>
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Nagelkerken, Ivan, Bayden D. Russell, Bronwyn M. Gillanders, and Sean D. Connell. "Ocean acidification alters fish populations indirectly through habitat modification." Nature Climate Change 6, no. 1 (August 10, 2015): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2757.

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Vose, Frederic E., and Susan S. Bell. "Resident Fishes and Macrobenthos in Mangrove-Rimmed Habitats: Evaluation of Habitat Restoration by Hydrologic Modification." Estuaries 17, no. 3 (September 1994): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352406.

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Lynn, Scott G., and Christian Lindle. "The effect of anthropogenic habitat modification on habitat use byAfrana angolensisalong the dodwe river, Tanzania." African Journal of Herpetology 51, no. 1 (June 2002): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2002.9635463.

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Marques-Santos, F., U. Wischhoff, and M. Rodrigues. "New insights on the rarity of the vulnerable Cinereous Warbling-finch (Aves, Emberizidae) based on density, home range, and habitat selection." Brazilian Journal of Biology 74, no. 4 (November 2014): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.02813.

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The Cinereous Warbling-finch Poospiza cinerea (Emberizidae) is a Neotropical grassland bird considered rare, with population declining due to habitat loss and classified as vulnerable. However, the species conspicuously remains in several degraded areas, suggesting that it may be favored by these environments. Studies which focus on this species were inexistent until 2012, making questionable any statement about its threaten status. Here we analyzed population density, home range, and habitat selection of two groups of P. cinerea at independent sites that differ in human impact levels. Density was estimated by counting and mapping birds. Kernel density and minimum convex polygon were used to estimate home ranges. Habitat selection was inferred from use and availability of every habitat identified within the home range boundaries. One group positively selected urban tree vegetation, despite the availability of natural habitats in its home range. Based on a review on the literature and our findings, we assume that it is unlikely that P. cinerea is rare owing to habitat degradation, as previously thought. Nevertheless, this species was always recorded around native Cerrado vegetation and thus habitat modification may still threaten this species at some level. It is suggested that this species might be a woodland edge species, but future studies are necessary to confirm this assumption.
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Whitehead, Amy L., John R. Leathwick, Douglas J. Booker, and Angus R. McIntosh. "Quantifying the relative contributions of habitat modification and mammalian predators on landscape-scale declines of a threatened river specialist duck." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): e0277820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277820.

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Habitat modification and introduced mammalian predators are linked to global species extinctions and declines, but their relative influences can be uncertain, often making conservation management difficult. Using landscape-scale models, we quantified the relative impacts of habitat modification and mammalian predation on the range contraction of a threatened New Zealand riverine duck. We combined 38 years of whio (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) observations with national-scale environmental data to predict relative likelihood of occurrence (RLO) under two scenarios using bootstrapped boosted regression trees (BRT). Our models used training data from contemporary environments to predict the potential contemporary whio distribution across New Zealand riverscapes in the absence of introduced mammalian predators. Then, using estimates of environments prior to human arrival, we used the same models to hindcast potential pre-human whio distribution prior to widespread land clearance. Comparing RLO differences between potential pre-human, potential contemporary and observed contemporary distributions allowed us to assess the relative impacts of the two main drivers of decline; habitat modification and mammalian predation. Whio have undergone widespread catastrophic declines most likely linked to mammalian predation, with smaller declines due to habitat modification (range contractions of 95% and 37%, respectively). We also identified areas of potential contemporary habitat outside their current range that would be suitable for whio conservation if mammalian predator control could be implemented. Our approach presents a practical technique for estimating the relative importance of global change drivers in species declines and extinctions, as well as providing valuable information to improve conservation planning.
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Angoh, Siow Yan Jennifer, Joanna Freeland, James Paterson, Prabha Amali Rupasinghe, and Christina M. Davy. "Effects of invasive wetland macrophytes on habitat selection and movement by freshwater turtles." Biological Invasions 23, no. 7 (April 11, 2021): 2271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02505-8.

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AbstractInvasive species can significantly impact native wildlife by structurally altering habitats and access to resources. Understanding how native species respond to habitat modification by invasive species can inform effective habitat restoration, avoiding inadvertent harm to species at risk. The invasive graminoids Phragmites australis australis (hereafter Phragmites) and Typha × glauca are increasingly dominating Nearctic wetlands, often outcompeting native vegetation. Previous research suggests that turtles may avoid invasive Phragmites when moving through their home ranges, but the mechanisms driving avoidance are unclear. We tested two hypotheses that could explain avoidance of invaded habitat: (1) that stands of invasive macrophytes (Phragmites and Typha x glauca) impede movement, and (2) that they provide inadequate thermal conditions for turtles. We quantified active-season movements of E. blandingii (n = 14, 1328 relocations) and spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata; n = 12, 2295 relocations) in a coastal wetland in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Neither hypothesis was supported by the data. Phragmites and mixed-species Typha stands occurred within the home ranges of mature, active E. blandingii and C. guttata, and were used similarly to most other available habitats, regardless of macrophyte stem density. Turtles using stands of invasive macrophytes did not experience restricted movements or cooler shell temperatures compared to other wetland habitat types. Control of invasive macrophytes can restore habitat heterogeneity and benefit native wetland species. However, such restoration work should be informed by the presence of at-risk turtles, as heavy machinery used for control or removal may injure turtles that use these stands as habitat.
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Patla, Debra, and Charles Peterson. "The Effects of Habitat Modification on a Spotted Frog Population in Yellowstone National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 17 (January 1, 1993): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1993.3129.

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Declines and extinctions of many populations of amphibians have been noted worldwide in recent years (Corn and Fogelman 1984, Beiswenger 1986, McAllister and Leonard 1990, Wake and Morowitz 1990, Wake 1991, Adler 1992). Habitat modifications due to human activities may contribute to many of these declines. Habitat may be destroyed overtly, or it may be fragmented. Fragmentation results in reduced area, a differential loss of important habitat components, and increased isolation of populations (Wyman 1990). The persistence of amphibians in areas where modifications short of total habitat destruction occur depends on the preservation of essential habitat components and landscape connectivity that allows individual animals access to breeding, foraging, and wintering sites (Sinsch 1989). Long-term persistence also may rely on the immigration of individuals from other populations (Pechmann et al. 1991, Sjogren 1991). Our efforts to conserve amphibian species and to establish methods of sustainable resource use depend on our understanding of habitat fragmentation and knowledge of the behavioral and population responses to different types of habitat modifications (Gibbons 1988, Groom and Schumaker 1993). Few studies have addressed these types of questions. Notable exceptions include some studies on the effects of logging (Corn and Bury 1989) and acidification (Wyman and Hawksley-Lescault 1988, Harte and Hoffman 1989, Corn and Vertucci 1992). In Europe, researchers and wildlife conservationists are investigating the impacts of roads on amphibians and attempting to find solutions to fragmentation and mortality effects (Langton 1989), but this concern has not yet received noticeable attention in North America. We lack studies evaluating the relative importance and integration of foraging areas, hibernacula, breeding sites, areas occupied pre- and post-breeding, and dispersal routes connecting these areas. With these kinds of information, researchers and land managers will acquire the ability to better analyze, predict, and mitigate the effects of habitat modifications that are sources of amphibian population declines.
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Patla, Debra, and Charles Peterson. "The Effects of Habitat Modification on a Spotted Frog Population in Yellowstone National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 18 (January 1, 1994): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1994.3215.

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Declines and extinctions of many populations of amphibians have been noted worldwide in recent years (Corn and Fogelman 1984, Beiswenger 1986, McAllister and Leonard 1990, Wake and Morowitz 1990, Wake 1991, Adler 1992). Habitat modifications due to human activities may contribute to many of these declines. Habitat may be destroyed overtly, or it may be fragmented. Fragmentation results in reduced area, a differential loss of important habitat components, and increased isolation of populations (Wyman 1990). The persistence of amphibians in areas where modifications short of total habitat destruction depends on the preservation of essential habitat components and landscape connectivity that allows individual animals access to breeding, foraging, and wintering sites (Sinsch 1989). Long-term persistence also may rely on the immigration of individuals from other populations (Pechmann et al. 1991, Sjogren 1991). Although our efforts to conserve amphibian species depend on our understanding of habitat fragmentation and knowledge of the behavioral and population responses to different types of habitat modifications (Gibbons 1988, Groom and Schumaker 1993), few studies have addressed these types of questions for amphibians. Notable exceptions include some studies on the effects of logging (Corn and Bury 1989) and acidification (Wyman and Hawksley-Lescault 1988, Harte and Hoffman 1989, Corn and Vertucci 1992). In Europe, researchers and wildlife conservationists are investigating the impacts of roads on amphibians and attempting to find solutions to fragmentation and mortality effects (Langton 1989), but this concern has not yet received noticeable attention in North America. We lack studies evaluating the relative importance and integration of foraging areas, hibernacula, breeding sites, areas occupied pre- and post-breeding, and dispersal routes connecting these areas. With these kinds of information, researchers and land managers will be better able to analyze, predict, and mitigate the effects of habitat modifications that are sources of amphibian population declines.
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33

Danks, H. V. "The elements of seasonal adaptations in insects." Canadian Entomologist 139, no. 1 (February 2007): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n06-048.

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AbstractThe many components of seasonal adaptations in insects are reviewed, especially from the viewpoint of aspects that must be studied in order to understand the structure and purposes of the adaptations. Component responses include dispersal, habitat selection, habitat modification, resistance to cold, dryness, and food limitation, trade-offs, diapause, modifications of developmental rate, sensitivity to environmental signals, life-cycle patterns including multiple alternatives in one species, and types of variation in phenology and development. Spatial, temporal, and resource elements of the environment are also reviewed, as are environmental signals, supporting the conclusion that further understanding of all of these seasonal responses requires detailed simultaneous study of the natural environments that drive the patterns of response.
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Supriyati, Hikmah, Nurul Safitri Apriliani, and Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi. "Histological Study of Mudskipper (Periophthalmus gracilis) Gills." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 2 (March 1, 2019): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v2.80.

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Mudskipper belongs to the Gobiidae family which has respiratory adaptation to fits their habitat. Mudskipper has a different gill structure or modification of gills, this different structure allows the mudskipper to survive for a long time outside water. This study aimed to determine the histology of gills and find out whether there is a modification of gills in the mudskipper respiratory organs (Periophthalmus gracilis). Histological preparations were done using paraffin method, stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive. The results showed that there is no additional respiratory organ in the mudskipper respiration, whereas the gills have some modifications. The histological structure of mudskipper gills consists of gill arches, arteries, gill filament, primary lamellae, and secondary lamellae. The gills of mudskipper have a different structure from the general fish, which has a thick secondary lamellae with a low amount of density, the shape of the filament are short and bent. This gill structure is a form of adaptation to habitat and behavior to live outside the water in a relatively long time.
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Rice, J. C. "Forecasting Abundance from Habitat Measures Using Nonparametric Density Estimation Methods." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 1690–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-190.

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The relationships between abundance of animals and characteristics of habitats are important for theoretical and management reasons. However, data on populations and habitats frequently are unsuitable for model-based statistical analyses. The shape of the functional relation between abundance and habitat and the form of the error distribution are rarely known accurately, and noise in the data often is large relative to the signal. Kernel estimators, a type of nonparametric probability density estimation technique, can use available data to estimate the probability density function (pdf) of abundance, given specified habitat conditions. One nonparametric estimator, related to kernel estimators and based on the Cauchy distribution, is described in detail. It is applied to data from three studies of influences of habitat on populations: stream characteristics on salmon and trout biomasses, depth of the 2 °C isotherm on codtrap catches, and bottom temperature on capelin densities. Despite the differences among the data sets, the Cauchy kernel could be applied without modification in all cases. The pdf's of abundance were interpretable readily, captured dominant features of the biology of each species, and were suitable for management applications and for tests of hypotheses.
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36

Bellanthudawa, B. K. A., N. M. S. K. Nawalage, S. Subanky, P. A. B. G. Panagoda, H. W. G. A. S. Weerasinghe, L. K. D. N. Tharaka, H. M. A. K. Handapangoda, H. K. A. D. Silva, D. M. S. N. Dissanayake, and M. S. J. Abeywickrama. "Composition and Diversity Variation of Avifauna, along Different Vegetative Habitat Types in a Human-Modified Area, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka." International Journal of Zoology 2019 (July 10, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9727609.

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Role of conservation of birds has been least considered during modification of vegetative habitats, in studies conducted on birds in protected areas and urban landscapes in Sri Lanka. The present study was intended to assess the relationship between landscape and the composition and distribution of avifauna in University of Kelaniya, a human-modified area. The study was conducted selecting 8 habitats including open ground, low, moderately, and highly wooded habitats. A survey was conducted from 0530 to 0730 hr in the morning and 1630-1830 hr in the evening from August to December 2016 ensuring eight sampling events at each habitat. Point counting method (15 m radius) was used along a 100 m line transect. Species diversity parameters were analyzed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to characterize the habitats with bird species. A total of 40 species were recorded. Species richness (r = 27) and species heterogeneity (H′ = 3.09) were the highest in Mee amba sevana habitat while species evenness (J = 0.977) was the highest in medical center area habitat. Total abundance (n = 135) was recorded in Saiba ground. Asian brown flycatcher (Saiba ground, medical center area, Mee amba sevana, Girls’ Hostel complex, and English language unit habitats) and white-bellied drongo (Saiba ground, medical center area, Girls’ Hostel complex, English language unit, and Thal weta premises) were widely distributed (z > 0, Kruskal-Wallis, Minitab 14). The second largest distribution was recorded by black-hooded oriole, blue-tailed bee-eater, cattle egret, feral pigeon, brown-headed barbet, red-vented bulbul, and rose-ringed parakeet within four habitats (z > 0, Kruskal-Wallis). According to the PCA, Saiba ground habitat was categorized by open ground dwelling birds, and Mee amba sevana was characterized by frugivorous birds, while Girls’ Hostel complex habitat was characterized by carnivorous birds. Comparatively, medical center area habitat contributes to the highest species diversity with many flowering and fruiting trees while providing sufficient food resources and high floral structural complexity. Recorded avifaunal community composition ensures considerable conservation value to university premises of Kelaniya. Awareness and monitoring programs are recommended for sustainable conservation of bird species in Kelaniya.
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Thomsen, Mads S., Thomas Wernberg, Andrew Altieri, Fernando Tuya, Dana Gulbransen, Karen J. McGlathery, Marianne Holmer, and Brian R. Silliman. "Habitat Cascades: The Conceptual Context and Global Relevance of Facilitation Cascades via Habitat Formation and Modification." Integrative and Comparative Biology 50, no. 2 (May 11, 2010): 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq042.

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Castaño, John Harold, Jaime Andrés Carranza-Quiceno, and y. Jairo Pérez-Torres. "Bat-fruit networks structure resist habitat modification but species roles change in the most transformed habitats." Acta Oecologica 105 (May 2020): 103550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2020.103550.

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39

Slee, Nicky J. D., and Marty H. Jacobs. "Trialling the Use of Google Apps Together with Online Marking to Enhance Collaborative Learning and Provide Effective Feedback." F1000Research 4 (July 1, 2015): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6520.1.

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This paper describes a new approach to an ecology practical where the cohort was divided into four groups to collect data. Each group studied a different habitat; the cohort was further subdivided into seven groups to collect field data. Each of the four groups collaborated through Google Drive on descriptions and images of the habitat site, and also collaborated at the subgroup level on their own habitat data. The four groups then shared habitat descriptions with the aim to provide enough information to enable everyone to understand entire data set. Group work was assessed online and feedback was given at both the group and subgroup levels. At the end of the first stage, peer assignment of all the work was carried out on an individual basis to engage students in other habitats. A complete set of data was finally provided to all students, so that individuals could carry out their own analysis of all four habitats; work was again assessed online and feedback given to each individual. The three-stage assignment from group work to peer assessment to individual analysis was a success. The collaborative work through Google Drive enabled students to produce high quality documents that were valuable for the next step. The peer assignment enabled students to gain information on expected Minimum Standards and exposed them to a variety of habitats. The final stage was open ended and challenged students. This approach is recommended but the data collection process needs modification, and students need more guidance when completing the final stage of the assignment.
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Le, Duong Thi Thuy, Jodi J. L. Rowley, Dao Thi Anh Tran, and Huy Duc Hoang. "The diet of a forest-dependent frog species, Odorrana morafkai (Anura: Ranidae), in relation to habitat disturbance." Amphibia-Reptilia 41, no. 1 (June 12, 2020): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20191171.

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Abstract While deforestation is one of the greatest drivers of biodiversity loss, our understanding of the effects of habitat modification on species is limited. We investigated the diet of a forest-dwelling frog species, Morafka’s frog (Odorrana morafkai), in a highland forest in Vietnam in relation to habitat disturbance, sex and season. We surveyed the species at 45 sites in forest of varying disturbance and examined its diet using stomach flushing, estimating prey availability via trapping. We detected significantly fewer O. morafkai in highly disturbed habitats compared to moderately disturbed or non-disturbed habitats. We revealed that O. morafkai is a dietary generalist, identifying 28 prey types, primarily invertebrates. Prey composition, the number of prey items per stomach and prey volume per stomach did not vary between disturbance levels. Diet did not vary significantly between sexes, except that females had a higher prey volume. Prey composition in the species varied between seasons, with Coleoptera and Orthoptera dominating the diet in the rainy season and Lepidoptera in the dry season. The number of prey items per stomach and prey volume were significantly higher in the rainy season. There was a significant correlation between prey availability and diet composition. The low number of O. morafkai detected in highly disturbed habitats suggests that this habitat may not be optimal for the species, despite having a generalist feeding strategy and presumed high mobility. This study provides a window into the impact of an increasing threat, habitat disturbance, on forest-dependent amphibian species.
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Couturier, Chloé, Sarah Bortolamiol, Sylvia Ortmann, John-Paul Okimat, Edward Asalu, and Sabrina Krief. "All-You-Can-Eat: Influence of Proximity to Maize Gardens on the Wild Diet and the Forest Activities of the Sebitoli Chimpanzee Community in Kibale National Park." Animals 12, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070806.

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Frugivorous primates have developed several strategies to deal with wild fruit scarcity, such as modifying their activity budget or enlarging their diet. Agricultural expansion threatens primate habitats and populations (e.g., disease transmission, agrochemical exposure), but it also increases crop feeding opportunities. We aimed at understanding whether maize presence close to the natural habitat of chimpanzees, a threatened species, would lead to significant behavioral modifications. We monitored 20 chimpanzees over 37 months in Kibale National Park, Uganda, with maize gardens at the forest edge. Based on focal nest-to-nest data, we analyzed their diet, activity budget, and energy balance depending on wild fruit and maize availability. We found that the Sebitoli area is a highly nutritive habitat for chimpanzees, with large and caloric wild fruits available all year long. The chimpanzees opportunistically consume maize and exploit it by resting less during maize season. However, no significant variation was found in daily paths and energy expenditures according to maize availability. No behavioral or energy modification was observed regarding wild resources either. Despite the availability of nutritious domestic resources, chimpanzees still exploit wild fruits and do not limit their movements. Thus, their contribution to seed dispersal and forest regeneration in this area is not affected.
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Matoušková, Milada, and Martin Dvořák. "Assessment of physical habitat modification in the Bílina River Basin." Limnetica 30, no. 2 (December 15, 2011): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.23818/limn.30.22.

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43

Doherty, Tim S., Sara Balouch, Kristian Bell, Thomas J. Burns, Anat Feldman, Charles Fist, Timothy F. Garvey, Tim S. Jessop, Shai Meiri, and Don A. Driscoll. "Reptile responses to anthropogenic habitat modification: A global meta‐analysis." Global Ecology and Biogeography 29, no. 7 (March 20, 2020): 1265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.13091.

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44

Vanbergen, Adam J. "Landscape alteration and habitat modification: impacts on plant–pollinator systems." Current Opinion in Insect Science 5 (November 2014): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2014.09.004.

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45

Aguirre, J. David, and Douglas C. McNaught. "Habitat modification affects recruitment of abalone in central New Zealand." Marine Biology 158, no. 3 (December 14, 2010): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1576-4.

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Castorani, Max C. N., Ronnie N. Glud, Harald Hasler-Sheetal, and Marianne Holmer. "Light indirectly mediates bivalve habitat modification and impacts on seagrass." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 472 (November 2015): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2015.07.001.

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Van Dyke, Fred, Autumn Fox, Seth M. Harju, Matthew R. Dzialak, Larry D. Hayden-Wing, and Jeffrey B. Winstead. "Response of Elk to Habitat Modification Near Natural Gas Development." Environmental Management 50, no. 5 (August 29, 2012): 942–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9927-1.

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48

Major, Heather L., Rachel T. Buxton, Carley R. Schacter, Melinda G. Conners, and Ian L. Jones. "Habitat modification as a means of restoring crested auklet colonies." Journal of Wildlife Management 81, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21175.

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Otieno, Nickson Erick, David Ngala, and Alex Mwalimu. "Spatial response of the globally-endangered Sokoke Pipit (Anthus sokokensis van Someren, 1921) to habitat modification in an Eastern Arc Coastal Forest." F1000Research 3 (February 18, 2014): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.3-59.v1.

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The Arabuko-Sokoke forest is the largest relic of a formerly larger contiguous East African coastal forest. It forms part of the Eastern Arc Forest system which is a global biodiversity hotspot with considerable species endemism. As one of the most important bird habitats in Africa, it hosts nine globally-threatened and four regionally threatened species. Despite such conservation significance, the forest is undergoing rapid modification and habitat loss mainly from anthropogenic pressures, with negative impacts on sensitive species such as the Sokoke Pipit (Anthus sokokensis). This study examined impacts of change in habitat quality on the species’ population and spatial occurrence within three blocks of Brachystegia woodland in the forest. Over a three week period, six 1-km transects were used to estimate the species’ population in relation to major habitat quality variables. Sokoke Pipits occurred at an overall mean density of 0.72±0.15 birds/ha with an estimated population of 5,544 in the Brachystegia woodland. Tree logging intensity was the key cause of the degradation of the Sokoke Pipit’s critical habitat, which affected its density (R2 = 0.663, ß = -0.814, p = 0.048). The species also preferred sites covered with deep floor litter (R2 = 0.769, ß = 0.877, p = 0.021) even in areas with low tree canopy height, but showed no clumped distribution (χ2(2, 0.05) = 2.061). Sites with intensive elephant activity, which leads to tree felling and clearing of the understorey, had low Sokoke Pipit densities. We conclude that although human-driven tree removal is a major driver of degradation of the Sokoke Pipit’s critical habitat, elephant activity may be an important additional factor in this process. Long term conservation strategies for the species will require stricter control of logging but management of the population and dispersal of elephants across the forest, especially in Brachystegia woodland, may also be helpful.
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Grandinetti, Lucas, and Claudia M. Jacobi. "Distribuição estacional e espacial de uma taxocenose de anuros (Amphibia) em uma área antropizada em Rio Acima - MG." Lundiana: International Journal of Biodiversity 6, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2005.22021.

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Abstract:
Habitat modification has been pointed as one of the main causes of population decline and extinction of several species. Studies on communities in disturbed areas are very important for they provide data about the new organization of assemblages, imposed by the intense modification of habitats. An amphibian assemblage (Anura) was studied in an urban area under strong human pressure, 35 km southeast of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais state). Data collection was performed between March/2002 and March/2003, totaling 22 nights of observations. Fourteen species from three families were detected: Bufonidae (1), Leptodactylidae (5) and Hylidae (8). Most species, as well as the largest number of individuals, were recorded during the warm wet months of the year. Habitat use was quite restricted among species, unlike use of substrates. High substrate overlap was observed among hylids, which, besides sharing many types of substrate, occupied the same heights of the vegetation. The largest number of species was recorded on the vegetation at the margins of ponds, considered as the most important substrate for local anurans. Reproductive evidence was recorded for four species. The beginning of the reproductive period of Physalaemus cuvieri and Hyla faber was associated with the beginning of the rainy season, while Bufo crucifer and Scinax longilineus reproduced mostly during the dry months. The variety of habitats occupied and the local species richness, compared to other studies in the region, suggest that the study area, although greatly modified, may be of importance as an ecological corridor. Key words: anurans, amphibians, man-modified habitats, seasonal distribution, spatial distribution
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