Academic literature on the topic 'Habitat mapping'

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Journal articles on the topic "Habitat mapping"

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Enwright, Nicholas M., Lei Wang, Sinéad M. Borchert, Richard H. Day, Laura C. Feher, and Michael J. Osland. "Advancing barrier island habitat mapping using landscape position information." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 43, no. 3 (April 11, 2019): 425–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133319839922.

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Barrier islands are dynamic ecosystems that change gradually from coastal processes, including currents and tides, and rapidly from episodic events, such as storms. These islands provide many important ecosystem services, including storm protection and erosion control to the mainland, habitat for fish and wildlife, and tourism. Habitat maps, developed by scientists, provide a critical tool for monitoring changes to these dynamic ecosystems. Barrier island monitoring often requires custom habitat maps due to several factors, including island size and the classification of unique geomorphology-based habitats, such as beach, dune, and barrier flats. In this study, we reviewed barrier-island-specific habitat mapping efforts and highlighted common habitat class types, source data, and mapping approaches. We also developed a framework for mapping geomorphology-based barrier island habitats using a rule-based, geographic object-based image analysis approach, which included the use of field data, tide data, high-resolution orthophotography, and lidar data. This framework integrates several barrier island mapping advancements with regard to the use of landscape position information for automated dune extraction and the use of Monte Carlo analyses for the treatment of elevation uncertainty for elevation-dependent habitats. Specifically, we used the uncertainty analyses to refine automated dune delineation based on elevation relative to extreme storm water levels and to increase the accuracy of intertidal and supratidal/upland habitat delineation. We found that dune extraction results were enhanced when elevation relative to storm water levels and visual interpretation were also applied. This framework could also be applied to beach–dune systems found along a mainland.
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Nel, Lyndre. "Riparian conservation management needs habitat quality mapping." Columella : Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 7, no. 2 (2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18380/szie.colum.2020.7.2.15.

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Riparian habitat quality has a significant influence on the water quality of rivers, primary resources for urban and agricultural use. River water quality deteriorates where normal ecological functioning is disrupted by harmful impacts from nearby land-use types. Important rivers are typically managed and protected by government-led conservation programs. These programs often lack a key tool for efficient conservation management, habitat quality mapping. The Berg River, an important water source in South Africa, was used as a case-study to assess how habitat quality mapping could broaden the current scope of river conservation programs. The river faces threats from nearby urban settlements, industrial areas, mining, encroachment, and agricultural practices. The aim of this study was to develop habitat quality and habitat degradation maps for a section of the Berg River to assess the value that mapping holds for conservation managers and spatial planners. InVEST modelling software and ArcGIS was used to produce these habitat quality maps based on land-use/land-cover and threat impact data. The resulting maps showed several specific locations of heavily threatened and degraded riparian habitat that had not specifically been included in current government conservation management or spatial planning. Habitat quality mapping is an important tool that conservation managers and spatial planners can use to successfully address habitat degradation and protection while facing resource limitations, such as lack of funding. Oversight of degraded riparian habitats will lead to further decreases in river water quality, adversely affecting human welfare and local economies.
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Mohamed, Hassan, Kazuo Nadaoka, and Takashi Nakamura. "Semiautomated Mapping of Benthic Habitats and Seagrass Species Using a Convolutional Neural Network Framework in Shallow Water Environments." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12234002.

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Benthic habitats are structurally complex and ecologically diverse ecosystems that are severely vulnerable to human stressors. Consequently, marine habitats must be mapped and monitored to provide the information necessary to understand ecological processes and lead management actions. In this study, we propose a semiautomated framework for the detection and mapping of benthic habitats and seagrass species using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Benthic habitat field data from a geo-located towed camera and high-resolution satellite images were integrated to evaluate the proposed framework. Features extracted from pre-trained CNNs and a “bagging of features” (BOF) algorithm was used for benthic habitat and seagrass species detection. Furthermore, the resultant correctly detected images were used as ground truth samples for training and validating CNNs with simple architectures. These CNNs were evaluated for their accuracy in benthic habitat and seagrass species mapping using high-resolution satellite images. Two study areas, Shiraho and Fukido (located on Ishigaki Island, Japan), were used to evaluate the proposed model because seven benthic habitats were classified in the Shiraho area and four seagrass species were mapped in Fukido cove. Analysis showed that the overall accuracy of benthic habitat detection in Shiraho and seagrass species detection in Fukido was 91.5% (7 classes) and 90.4% (4 species), respectively, while the overall accuracy of benthic habitat and seagrass mapping in Shiraho and Fukido was 89.9% and 91.2%, respectively.
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Ostojić, Dragana, Biljana Krsteski, Zoran Stojković, Ana Petković, Bogosav Stojiljković, Ivana Jovanović, and Tamara Bosić. "Composing a vegetation-stand map for the protected area of 'Radan' Nature Park." Zastita prirode 70, no. 1-2 (2020): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zaspri2001013o.

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Protected areas are one of the priorities for mapping habitats, especially forest habitats, which are dominant in most protected areas of central Serbia, such as "Radan" Nature Park. This paper presents the forest habitat mapping in the protected area of "Radan" NP and the development of vegetation-stand map of the protected area in an effort to examine the methodology of forest habitats mapping in Serbia, which presumes a long term systematic data collection. Although much has been done on the classification of habitats in Serbia, considering both botanical and the forestry approach, the practical application of this knowledge in habitat mapping is still in its infancy, with the exception of longstanding practical work on data collection for Forest Management Plans for the state-owned forests. Data on forest stands in Nature Park "Radan" collected in this manner were essential to developing the vegetation-stand map of "Radan" NP. The results of data processing and harmonization of typology and classification of state-owned forests have been presented in this paper, as well as the analysis of forest habitat types in this protected area. The paper presents the vegetation-stand maps of the state-owned forests in the protected area and of the pilot area of privately owned forests, for which detailed field data collection was necessary. These maps are intended for the management of protected areas and systematic and efficient implementation of protection measures and activities. Habitat mapping in protected areas is a prerequisite for an adequate biodiversity monitoring, as well as for management and sustainable use of natural resources of the protected area.
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Valjavec, Mateja Breg, Rok Ciglič, Krištof Oštir, and Daniela Ribeiro. "Modelling habitats in karst landscape by integrating remote sensing and topography data." Open Geosciences 10, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0011.

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Abstract Field mapping is an accurate but also time consuming method of detailed mapping of habitat types. Levels of habitat types are usually hierarchically nested at several levels. Our main research question therefore is: ‘How detailed can be modelling of habitat types with decision trees and digital data in karst landscape?’ Similar to studies in other (non-karst) environments we explored the basic properties of the habitats in Dinaric Karst study region (Classical Karst in Southwest Slovenia) and tested modelling of habitat types at three different levels of detail. To seek for the best set of predictor variables we used Rapid-Eye satellite images, airborne images and digital elevation model. We prepared more than 60 explanatory variables and divided habitat polygons into training and testing samples to validate the results. The results proved that modelling with decision trees in Dinaric Karst landscape does not result in high accuracy at high detailed levels. Due to the presence of mine fields in the large area of Dinaric Karst (e.g. in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) the field mapping in this area is difficult therefore the findings from this study can be used for further development of mapping through remote sensing.
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Astaman, I. Dewa Made Krisna Putra, I. Wayan Gede Astawa Karang, I. Gede Hendrawan, and Kuncoro Teguh Setiawan. "Pemetaan Habitat Dasar Perairan Dangkal Menggunakan Citra Satelit SPOT-7 di Pulau Nusa Lembongan, Bali." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2021.v07.i02.p07.

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Shallow water habitat is one of the regions that has high dynamics and has an important role are ecologically and economically. The high dynamics of the ideal shallow water habitat is always followed by updating information so that an overview of the area is obtained in accordance with reality. Remote sensing technology is one of the technologies that can be used for mapping natural resource studies such as mapping of shallow water habitats with the satellite imagery. This study aims to map the distribution of shallow water habitats using SPOT-7 satellite imagery on Nusa Lembongan Island, Bali and test the level of accuracy. The method used true color composite and DII (Depth Invariant Index) transformation and uses the maximum likelihood classification. The classification scheme used 6 classes, namely sand, seagrass, macro algae, rubble, live coral, and dead coral. The results of this study indicate the distribution of shallow water habitat on Nusa Lembongan Island, Bali spread equally based on the level of water depth with a total area of shallow water habitat of 453.41 ha. The results of mapping accuracy test showed the overall accuracy of the DII transformation classification results is better than the composite image classification results with an overall accuracy of 75.43% and a kappa coefficient is 0.71. So from these results can be said that used of a water column correction with the DII method can improve image accuracy in mapping shallow water habitats.
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Foglini, Federica, Valentina Grande, Fabio Marchese, Valentina A. Bracchi, Mariacristina Prampolini, Lorenzo Angeletti, Giorgio Castellan, et al. "Application of Hyperspectral Imaging to Underwater Habitat Mapping, Southern Adriatic Sea." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102261.

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Hyperspectral imagers enable the collection of high-resolution spectral images exploitable for the supervised classification of habitats and objects of interest (OOI). Although this is a well-established technology for the study of subaerial environments, Ecotone AS has developed an underwater hyperspectral imager (UHI) system to explore the properties of the seafloor. The aim of the project is to evaluate the potential of this instrument for mapping and monitoring benthic habitats in shallow and deep-water environments. For the first time, we tested this system at two sites in the Southern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea): the cold-water coral (CWC) habitat in the Bari Canyon and the Coralligenous habitat off Brindisi. We created a spectral library for each site, considering the different substrates and the main OOI reaching, where possible, the lower taxonomic rank. We applied the spectral angle mapper (SAM) supervised classification to map the areal extent of the Coralligenous and to recognize the major CWC habitat-formers. Despite some technical problems, the first results demonstrate the suitability of the UHI camera for habitat mapping and seabed monitoring, through the achievement of quantifiable and repeatable classifications.
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Ljubičić, Ivica, Helena Paulik, and Sandro Bogdanović. "Habitat mapping of Protected Landscape of Donji Kamenjak, Istria (Croatia)." Journal of Central European Agriculture 21, no. 3 (2020): 676–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/21.3.2697.

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Agrillo, Emiliano, Federico Filipponi, Alice Pezzarossa, Laura Casella, Daniela Smiraglia, Arianna Orasi, Fabio Attorre, and Andrea Taramelli. "Earth Observation and Biodiversity Big Data for Forest Habitat Types Classification and Mapping." Remote Sensing 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071231.

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In the light of the “Biological Diversity” concept, habitats are cardinal pieces for biodiversity quantitative estimation at a local and global scale. In Europe EUNIS (European Nature Information System) is a system tool for habitat identification and assessment. Earth Observation (EO) data, which are acquired by satellite sensors, offer new opportunities for environmental sciences and they are revolutionizing the methodologies applied. These are providing unprecedented insights for habitat monitoring and for evaluating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators. This paper shows the results of a novel approach for a spatially explicit habitat mapping in Italy at a national scale, using a supervised machine learning model (SMLM), through the combination of vegetation plot database (as response variable), and both spectral and environmental predictors. The procedure integrates forest habitat data in Italy from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA), with Sentinel-2 imagery processing (vegetation indices time series, spectral indices, and single bands spectral signals) and environmental data variables (i.e., climatic and topographic), to parameterize a Random Forests (RF) classifier. The obtained results classify 24 forest habitats according to the EUNIS III level: 12 broadleaved deciduous (T1), 4 broadleaved evergreen (T2) and eight needleleaved forest habitats (T3), and achieved an overall accuracy of 87% at the EUNIS II level classes (T1, T2, T3), and an overall accuracy of 76.14% at the EUNIS III level. The highest overall accuracy value was obtained for the broadleaved evergreen forest equal to 91%, followed by 76% and 68% for needleleaved and broadleaved deciduous habitat forests, respectively. The results of the proposed methodology open the way to increase the EUNIS habitat categories to be mapped together with their geographical extent, and to test different semi-supervised machine learning algorithms and ensemble modelling methods.
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Olden, Julian D., Oliver Miler, and Alexander Bijaye. "Lake-wide mapping of littoral habitat using underwater videography." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 423 (2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022018.

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Littoral zones − referring to benthic areas above the light compensation depth − provide numerous ecosystem functions, including mediating light, temperature, and nutrient dynamics, and supporting important foraging and refuge areas for macroinvertebrates, fishes and water birds. Habitat assessments of littoral zones remain fundamental to lake and fisheries management, however traditional field surveys are time-intensive and limited in their spatial extent, whereas desktop evaluations using remote sensing and aerial imagery are cost prohibitive and require considerable data processing expertise. In light of these challenges, this study demonstrated the ability to use simple, cost-effective underwater videography to conduct lake-wide spatially-continuous assessments of littoral habitat. For lakes across a gradient of shoreline and riparian development in northwestern United States, we map the areal coverage of macrophytes, coarse woody habitat, bottom substrates, and artificial structures in littoral zones. Underwater videography represents a relevant tool for environmental monitoring because it allows for the estimation of littoral habitats at fine spatial grains across broad spatial extents. Data can also be obtained rapidly and at relatively low cost, providing a permanent record of habitat conditions that can used to monitor trends over time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Habitat mapping"

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Stevens, Tim, and n/a. "Mapping Benthic Habitats for Representation in Marine Protected Areas." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040303.124815.

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Virtually all marine conservation planning and management models in place or proposed have in common the need for improved scientific rigour in identifying and characterising the marine habitats encompassed. An emerging central theme in the last few years has been the concept of representativeness, or representative systems of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The habitat classification and mapping needed to incorporate considerations of representativeness into MPA planning must logically be carried out at the same scale at which management occurs. Management of highly protected areas occurs almost exclusively at local scales or finer, independent of the reservation model or philosophy employed. Moreton Bay, on Australia’s east coast, was selected for studies at the local scale to map and classify macrobenthic habitats. In a site scale (1 km) trial for the major habitat classification study, remote underwater videography was used to map and characterise an unusual assemblage of epibenthic invertebrates on soft sediments. The assemblage included congregations of the comatulid crinoid Zygometra cf. Z. microdiscus (Bell) at densities up to 0.88 individuals.m-2, comparable to those found in coral reef habitats. There was no correlation between the distribution of this species and commonly used abiotic surrogates depth (6 – 18 m), sediment composition and residual current. This site scale trial is the first quantitative assessment of crinoid density and distribution in shallow water soft-sediment environments. The high densities found are significant in terms of the generally accepted picture of shallow-water crinoids as essentially reefal fauna. The findings highlight the conservation benefits of an inclusive approach to marine habitat survey and mapping. Assemblages such as the one described, although they may be of scientific and ecological significance, would have been overlooked by common approaches to marine conservation planning which emphasise highly productive or aesthetically appealing habitats. Most habitat mapping studies rely solely or in part on abiotic surrogates for patterns of biodiversity. The utility of abiotic variables in predicting biological distributions at the local scale (10 km) was tested. Habitat classifications of the same set of 41 sites based on 6 abiotic variables and abundances of 89 taxa and bioturbation indicators were compared using correlation, regression and ordination analyses. The concepts of false homogeneity and false heterogeneity were defined to describe types of errors associated with using abiotic surrogates to construct habitat maps. The best prediction by abiotic surrogates explained less than 30% of the pattern of biological similarity. Errors of false homogeneity were between 20 and 62%, depending on the methods of estimation. Predictive capability of abiotic surrogates at the taxon level was poor, with only 6% of taxon / surrogate correlations significant. These results have implications for the widespread use of abiotic surrogates in marine habitat mapping to plan for, or assess, representation in Marine Protected Areas. Abiotic factors did not discriminate sufficiently between different soft bottom communities to be a reliable basis for mapping. Habitat mapping for the design of Marine Protected Areas is critically affected by the scale of the source information. The relationship between biological similarity of macrobenthos and the distance between sites was investigated at both site and local scales, and for separate biotic groups. There was a significant negative correlation between similarity and distance, in that sites further apart were less similar than sites close together. The relationship, although significant, was quite weak at the site scale. Rank correlograms showed that similarity was high at scales of 10 km or less, and declined markedly with increasing distance. There was evidence of patchiness in the distributions of some biotic groups, especially seagrass and anthozoans, at scales less than 16 km. In other biotic groups there was an essentially monotonic decline in similarity with distance. The spatial agglomeration approach to habitat mapping was valid in the study area. Site spacing of less than 10 km was necessary to capture important components of biological similarity. Site spacing of less than 2.5 km did not appear to be warranted. Macrobenthic habitat types were classified and mapped at 78 sites spaced 5 km apart. The area mapped was about 2,400 km2 and extended from estuarine shallow subtidal waters to offshore areas to the 50 m isobath. Nine habitat types were recognised, with only one on hard substrate. The habitat mapping characterised several habitat types not previously described in the area and located deepwater algal and soft coral reefs not previously reported. Seagrass beds were encountered in several locations where their occurrence was either unknown or had not previously been quantified. The representation of the derived habitat types within an existing marine protected area was assessed. Only two habitat types were represented in highly protected zones, with less than 3% of each included The study represents the most spatially comprehensive survey of epibenthos undertaken in Moreton Bay, with over 40,000 m2 surveyed. Derived habitat maps provide a robust basis for inclusion of representative examples of all habitat types in marine protected area planning in and adjacent to Moreton Bay. The utility of video data to conduct a low-cost habitat survey over a comparatively large area was also demonstrated. The method used has potentially wide application for the survey and design of marine protected areas.
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Stevens, Tim. "Mapping Benthic Habitats for Representation in Marine Protected Areas." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367557.

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Virtually all marine conservation planning and management models in place or proposed have in common the need for improved scientific rigour in identifying and characterising the marine habitats encompassed. An emerging central theme in the last few years has been the concept of representativeness, or representative systems of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The habitat classification and mapping needed to incorporate considerations of representativeness into MPA planning must logically be carried out at the same scale at which management occurs. Management of highly protected areas occurs almost exclusively at local scales or finer, independent of the reservation model or philosophy employed. Moreton Bay, on Australia’s east coast, was selected for studies at the local scale to map and classify macrobenthic habitats. In a site scale (1 km) trial for the major habitat classification study, remote underwater videography was used to map and characterise an unusual assemblage of epibenthic invertebrates on soft sediments. The assemblage included congregations of the comatulid crinoid Zygometra cf. Z. microdiscus (Bell) at densities up to 0.88 individuals.m-2, comparable to those found in coral reef habitats. There was no correlation between the distribution of this species and commonly used abiotic surrogates depth (6 – 18 m), sediment composition and residual current. This site scale trial is the first quantitative assessment of crinoid density and distribution in shallow water soft-sediment environments. The high densities found are significant in terms of the generally accepted picture of shallow-water crinoids as essentially reefal fauna. The findings highlight the conservation benefits of an inclusive approach to marine habitat survey and mapping. Assemblages such as the one described, although they may be of scientific and ecological significance, would have been overlooked by common approaches to marine conservation planning which emphasise highly productive or aesthetically appealing habitats. Most habitat mapping studies rely solely or in part on abiotic surrogates for patterns of biodiversity. The utility of abiotic variables in predicting biological distributions at the local scale (10 km) was tested. Habitat classifications of the same set of 41 sites based on 6 abiotic variables and abundances of 89 taxa and bioturbation indicators were compared using correlation, regression and ordination analyses. The concepts of false homogeneity and false heterogeneity were defined to describe types of errors associated with using abiotic surrogates to construct habitat maps. The best prediction by abiotic surrogates explained less than 30% of the pattern of biological similarity. Errors of false homogeneity were between 20 and 62%, depending on the methods of estimation. Predictive capability of abiotic surrogates at the taxon level was poor, with only 6% of taxon / surrogate correlations significant. These results have implications for the widespread use of abiotic surrogates in marine habitat mapping to plan for, or assess, representation in Marine Protected Areas. Abiotic factors did not discriminate sufficiently between different soft bottom communities to be a reliable basis for mapping. Habitat mapping for the design of Marine Protected Areas is critically affected by the scale of the source information. The relationship between biological similarity of macrobenthos and the distance between sites was investigated at both site and local scales, and for separate biotic groups. There was a significant negative correlation between similarity and distance, in that sites further apart were less similar than sites close together. The relationship, although significant, was quite weak at the site scale. Rank correlograms showed that similarity was high at scales of 10 km or less, and declined markedly with increasing distance. There was evidence of patchiness in the distributions of some biotic groups, especially seagrass and anthozoans, at scales less than 16 km. In other biotic groups there was an essentially monotonic decline in similarity with distance. The spatial agglomeration approach to habitat mapping was valid in the study area. Site spacing of less than 10 km was necessary to capture important components of biological similarity. Site spacing of less than 2.5 km did not appear to be warranted. Macrobenthic habitat types were classified and mapped at 78 sites spaced 5 km apart. The area mapped was about 2,400 km2 and extended from estuarine shallow subtidal waters to offshore areas to the 50 m isobath. Nine habitat types were recognised, with only one on hard substrate. The habitat mapping characterised several habitat types not previously described in the area and located deepwater algal and soft coral reefs not previously reported. Seagrass beds were encountered in several locations where their occurrence was either unknown or had not previously been quantified. The representation of the derived habitat types within an existing marine protected area was assessed. Only two habitat types were represented in highly protected zones, with less than 3% of each included The study represents the most spatially comprehensive survey of epibenthos undertaken in Moreton Bay, with over 40,000 m2 surveyed. Derived habitat maps provide a robust basis for inclusion of representative examples of all habitat types in marine protected area planning in and adjacent to Moreton Bay. The utility of video data to conduct a low-cost habitat survey over a comparatively large area was also demonstrated. The method used has potentially wide application for the survey and design of marine protected areas.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental and Applied Science
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Flaherty, Silvia Susana. "Red squirrel habitat mapping using remote sensing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7607.

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The native Eurasian red squirrel is considered endangered in the UK and is under strict legal protection. Long-term management of its habitat is a key goal of the UK conservation strategy. Current selection criteria of reserves and subsequent management mainly consider species composition and food availability. However, there exists a critical gap in understanding and quantifying the relationship between squirrel abundance, their habitat use and forest structural characteristics. This has partly resulted from the limited availability of structural data along with cost-efficient data collection methods. This study investigated the relationship between squirrel feeding activity and structural characteristics of Scots pine forests. Field data were collected from two study areas: Abernethy and Aberfoyle Forests. Canopy closure, diameter at breast height, height and number of trees were measured in 56 plots. Abundance of squirrel feeding signs was used as an index of habitat use. A GLM was used to model the response of cones stripped by squirrels in relation to the field collected structural variables. Results show that forest structural characteristics are significant predictors of feeding sign presence, with canopy closure, number of trees and tree height explaining 43% of the variation in stripped cones. The GLM was also implemented using LiDAR data to assess at wider scales the number of cones stripped by squirrels. The use of remote sensing -in particular Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) - enables cost efficient assessments of forest structure at large scales and can be used to retrieve the three variables explored in this study; canopy cover, tree height and number of trees, that relate to red squirrel feeding behaviour. Correlation between field-predicted and LiDAR-predicted number of stripped cones was performed to assess LiDAR-based model performance. LiDAR data acquired at Aberfoyle and Abernethy Forests had different characteristics (in particular pulse density), which influences the accuracy of LiDAR derived metrics. Therefore correlations between field predicted and LiDAR predicted number of cones (LSC) were assessed for each study area separately. Strong correlations (rs=0.59 for Abernethy and 0.54 for Aberfoyle) suggest that LiDAR-based model performed relatively well over the study areas. The LiDAR-based model was not expected to provide absolute numbers of cones stripped by squirrels but a relative measure of habitat use. This can be interpreted as different levels of habitat suitability for red squirrels. LiDAR-based GLM maps were classified into three levels of suitability: unsuitable (LSC = 0), Low (LSC < 10) and Medium to High Suitability (LSC >=10). These thresholds were defined based on expert knowledge. Such a classification of habitat suitability allows for further differentiation of habitat quality for red squirrels and therefore for a refined estimation of the carrying capacity that was used to inform population viability analysis (PVA) at Abernethy Forest. PVA assists the evaluation of the probability of a species population to become extinct over a specified period of time, given a set of data on environmental conditions and species characteristics. In this study, two scenarios were modelled in a PVA package (VORTEX). For the first scenario (Basic) carrying capacity was calculated for the whole forest, while for the second scenario (LiDAR) only Medium-to-High suitable patches were considered. Results suggest a higher probability of extinction for the LiDAR scenario (74%) than for the Basic scenario (55%). Overall the findings of this study highlight 1) the importance of considering forest structure when managing habitat for squirrel conservation and 2) the usefulness of LiDAR remote sensing as a tool to assist red squirrel, and potentially other species, habitat management.
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McGonigle, Chris. "Mapping benthic habitat using acoustic remote sensing." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551582.

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Backscatter imagery from multibeam echosounders (MBES) is increasingly used for benthic habitat mapping. This research explores MBES backscatter classification using QTC-Multiview on data from Stanton Banks (UK) and Cashes Ledge (USA). Image-processing algorithms are used to extract values from samples of backscatter data, which are reduced by principal components analysis and are objectively clustered. This process is initially evaluated using 2005 data from Stanton Banks and compared with ground-truth data to determine their biological validity. Low-levels of agreement are observed between acoustic class and ground- truth data «35%); video is determined to be the most spatially appropriate method for comparison. Subsequently, the area was resurveyed in 2006 using the same MBES with different operational parameters, acquiring low- and high-density data coverage. Percentage agreement between classifications was 78%, determined to be due to operational parameters as opposed to environmental change. Agreement with ground truth data improved from 71 % to 77% with increased data density. In 2008, a 2 km2 area was resurveyed at two different orientations and vessel speeds within the same 24 hr period. Classification revealed 53% similarity at 4 rns-1 and 49% at 2 rns-1 from opposing orientations. The same orientations surveyed at different speeds were between 68% (k=0.583) and 53% (k=0.384) similar. These results suggest that both orientation and speed are significant considerations in image-based classification. Finally, the significance of water-column biomass in backscatter classification was examined at Cashes Ledge using MBES data from kelp beds. Two approaches were examined for detecting the presence of macrophytes; image-based and manual picking. Comparison with video data revealed comparable success, with both methods most successful at predicting Laminaria sp. (77.3%-82.6% correct) in shallow water «30m). This research demonstrates the significance of MBES backscatter and image-based classification as potential tools for the emergent discipline of benthic habitat mapping.
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Parnum, Iain Michael. "Benthic habitat mapping using multibeam sonar systems." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1131.

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The aim of this study was to develop and examine the use of backscatter data collected with multibeam sonar (MBS) systems for benthic habitat mapping. Backscatter data were collected from six sites around the Australian coastal zone using the Reson SeaBat 8125 MBS system operating at 455 kHz. Benthic habitats surveyed in this study included: seagrass meadows, rhodolith beds, coral reef, rock, gravel, sand, muddy sand, and mixtures of those habitats. Methods for processing MBS backscatter data were developed for the Coastal Water Habitat Mapping (CWHM) project by a team from the Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST). The CMST algorithm calculates the seafloor backscatter strength derived from the peak and integral (or average) intensity of backscattered signals for each beam. The seafloor backscatter strength estimated from the mean value of the integral backscatter intensity was shown in this study to provide an accurate measurement of the actual backscatter strength of the seafloor and its angular dependence. However, the seafloor backscatter strength derived from the peak intensity was found to be overestimated when the sonar insonification area is significantly smaller than the footprint of receive beams, which occurs primarily at oblique angles. The angular dependence of the mean backscatter strength showed distinct differences between hard rough substrates (such as rock and coral reef), seagrass, coarse sediments and fine sediments. The highest backscatter strength was observed not only for the hard and rough substrate, but also for marine vegetation, such as rhodolith and seagrass. The main difference in acoustic backscatter from the different habitats was the mean level, or angle-average backscatter strength. However, additional information can also be obtained from the slope of the angular dependence of backscatter strength.It was shown that the distribution of the backscatter. The shape parameter was shown to relate to the ratio of the insonification area (which can be interpreted as an elementary scattering cell) to the footprint size rather than to the angular dependence of backscatter strength. When this ratio is less than 5, the gamma shape parameter is very similar for different habitats and is nearly linearly proportional to the ratio. Above a ratio of 5, the gamma shape parameter is not significantly dependent on the ratio and there is a noticeable difference in this parameter between different seafloor types. A new approach to producing images of backscatter properties, introduced and referred to as the angle cube method, was developed. The angle cube method uses spatial interpolation to construct a three-dimensional array of backscatter data that is a function of X-Y coordinates and the incidence angle. This allows the spatial visualisation of backscatter properties to be free from artefacts of the angular dependence and provides satisfactory estimates of the backscatter characteristics.Using the angle-average backscatter strength and slope of the angular dependence, derived by the angle cube method, in addition to seafloor terrain parameters, habitat probability and classification maps were produced to show distributions of sand, marine vegetation (e.g. seagrass and rhodolith) and hard substrate (e.g. coral and bedrock) for five different survey areas. Ultimately, this study demonstrated that the combination of high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter strength data, as collected by MBS, is an efficient and cost-effective tool for benthic habitat mapping in costal zones.
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Parnum, Iain Michael. "Benthic habitat mapping using multibeam sonar systems." Curtin University of Technology, Dept. of Imaging and Applied Physics, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18584.

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The aim of this study was to develop and examine the use of backscatter data collected with multibeam sonar (MBS) systems for benthic habitat mapping. Backscatter data were collected from six sites around the Australian coastal zone using the Reson SeaBat 8125 MBS system operating at 455 kHz. Benthic habitats surveyed in this study included: seagrass meadows, rhodolith beds, coral reef, rock, gravel, sand, muddy sand, and mixtures of those habitats. Methods for processing MBS backscatter data were developed for the Coastal Water Habitat Mapping (CWHM) project by a team from the Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST). The CMST algorithm calculates the seafloor backscatter strength derived from the peak and integral (or average) intensity of backscattered signals for each beam. The seafloor backscatter strength estimated from the mean value of the integral backscatter intensity was shown in this study to provide an accurate measurement of the actual backscatter strength of the seafloor and its angular dependence. However, the seafloor backscatter strength derived from the peak intensity was found to be overestimated when the sonar insonification area is significantly smaller than the footprint of receive beams, which occurs primarily at oblique angles. The angular dependence of the mean backscatter strength showed distinct differences between hard rough substrates (such as rock and coral reef), seagrass, coarse sediments and fine sediments. The highest backscatter strength was observed not only for the hard and rough substrate, but also for marine vegetation, such as rhodolith and seagrass. The main difference in acoustic backscatter from the different habitats was the mean level, or angle-average backscatter strength. However, additional information can also be obtained from the slope of the angular dependence of backscatter strength.
It was shown that the distribution of the backscatter. The shape parameter was shown to relate to the ratio of the insonification area (which can be interpreted as an elementary scattering cell) to the footprint size rather than to the angular dependence of backscatter strength. When this ratio is less than 5, the gamma shape parameter is very similar for different habitats and is nearly linearly proportional to the ratio. Above a ratio of 5, the gamma shape parameter is not significantly dependent on the ratio and there is a noticeable difference in this parameter between different seafloor types. A new approach to producing images of backscatter properties, introduced and referred to as the angle cube method, was developed. The angle cube method uses spatial interpolation to construct a three-dimensional array of backscatter data that is a function of X-Y coordinates and the incidence angle. This allows the spatial visualisation of backscatter properties to be free from artefacts of the angular dependence and provides satisfactory estimates of the backscatter characteristics.
Using the angle-average backscatter strength and slope of the angular dependence, derived by the angle cube method, in addition to seafloor terrain parameters, habitat probability and classification maps were produced to show distributions of sand, marine vegetation (e.g. seagrass and rhodolith) and hard substrate (e.g. coral and bedrock) for five different survey areas. Ultimately, this study demonstrated that the combination of high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter strength data, as collected by MBS, is an efficient and cost-effective tool for benthic habitat mapping in costal zones.
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Jones, Gwawr Angharad. "Coastal habitat mapping and monitoring utilising remote sensing." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/cfb598d7-9bb7-44a7-8725-bcf13d81657b.

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Coastal habitats are highly sensitive to change and highly diverse. Degrading environmental conditions have led to a global decline in biodiversity through loss, modification and fragmentation of habitats, triggering an increased effort to conserve these ecosystems. Remote sensing is important tool for filling in critical information gaps for monitoring habitats, yet significant barriers exist for operational use within the ecological and conservation communities. Reporting on both extent and condition of habitats are critical to fulfil policy requirements, specifically the ECs Habitat’s Directive. This study focuses on the use of Very High Resolution (VHR) optical imagery for retrieving parameters to identifyassociations that can separate habitat boundaries for extent mapping down to species level for indicators of condition, with a focus on operational use. The Earth Observation Data for Habitat Monitoring (EODHaM) system was implemented using Worldview-2 data from two periods (July and September), in situ data and local ecological knowledge for two sites in Wales, Kenfig Burrows SAC and Castlemartin SSSI. The system utilises the Food and Agricultural Organisation’s (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) but translations between land cover and habitat schemes are not straight forward and need special consideration that are likely to be site specific. Limitations within therule-based method of the EODHaM system were identified and therefore augmented with machine learning based classification algorithms creating a hybrid method of classification generating accurate (>80% overall accuracy) baseline maps with a more automated and repeatable method. Quantitative methods of validation traditionally used within the remote sensing community do not consider spatial aspects of maps. Therefore, qualitative assessments carried out in the field were used in addition to error matrices, overall accuracy and the kappa coefficient. This required input from ecologists and site specialists, enhancing communication and understanding between the different communities. Generating baseline maps required significant amount of training data and updating baselines through change detection methods is recommended for monitoring. An automated, novel map-to-image change detection was therefore implemented. Natural and anthropogenic changes were successfully detected from Worldview-2 and Sentinel-2 data at Kenfig Burrows. An innovative component of this research was the development of methods, which were demonstrated to be transferable between both sites and increased understanding between remote sensing scientist and ecologist. Through this approach, a more operational method for monitoring site specific habitats through satellite data is proposed, with direct benefits for conservation, environment and policy.
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Christensen, Ole. "SUSHIMAP (Survey strategy and methodology for marine habitat mapping)." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1916.

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Bathymetrical mapping performed using multibeam sonar systems is widely used in marine science and for habitat mapping. The incoherent part of the multibeam data, the backscatter data, is less commonly used. Automatic classification of processed backscatter has a correlates well with three sediment classes, defined as fine-(clay-silt), medium- (sand) and coarse- (gravel–till) grained substrates. This relation is used directly as a theme in a modified habitat classification scheme, while a more detailed substrate classification is incorporated as another theme. This theme requires a manual interpretation and comprehensive knowledge of the substrate. This can partly be obtained by a newly developed technique using the backscatter strength plotted against the grazing angle. These plots make it possible to determine the critical angle and thereby calculate the compressional acoustic speed in seabed sediments. Marching a theoretical modeled backscatter curve to the measured backscatter strength at lower grazing angles provides estimates of four additional geoacoustic parameters.

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McDermid, Gregory. "Remote Sensing for Large-Area, Multi-Jurisdictional Habitat Mapping." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/977.

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A framework designed to guide the effective use of remote sensing in large-area, multi-jurisdictional habitat mapping studies has been developed. Based on hierarchy theory and the remote sensing scene model, the approach advocates (i) identifying the key physical attributes operating on the landscape; (ii) selecting a series of suitable remote sensing data whose spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal characteristics correspond to the attributes of interest; and (iii) applying an intelligent succession of scale-sensitive data processing techniques that are capable of delivering the desired information. The approach differs substantially from the single-map, classification-based strategies that have largely dominated the wildlife literature, and is designed to deliver a sophisticated, multi-layer information base that is capable of supporting a variety of management objectives. The framework was implemented in the creation of a multi-layer database composed of land cover, crown closure, species composition, and leaf area index (LAI) phenology over more than 100,000 km2 in west-central Alberta. Generated through a combination of object-oriented classification, conventional regression, and generalized linear models, the products represent a high-quality, flexible information base constructed over an exceptionally challenging multi-jurisdictional environment. A quantitative comparison with two alternative large-area information sources—the Alberta Vegetation Inventory and a conventional classification-based land-cover map—showed that the thesis database had the highest map quality and was best capable of explaining both individual—and population-level resource selection by grizzly bears.
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Puestow, Thomas. "Mapping of salmon habitat parameters using digital airborne imagery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ42428.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Habitat mapping"

1

Greene, H. G. Mapping the seafloor for habitat characterization. St. John's, N.L: Geological Association of Canada, 2007.

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Valavanis, Vasilis D., ed. Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4.

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United States. Minerals Management Service. Gulf of Mexico OCS Region., ed. Mississippi-Alabama shelf Pinnacle Trend Habitat Mapping Study. [New Orleans, La.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 1992.

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United States. Minerals Management Service. Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, ed. Mississippi-Alabama shelf Pinnacle Trend Habitat Mapping Study. [New Orleans, La.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 1992.

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United States. Minerals Management Service. Gulf of Mexico OCS Region., ed. Mississippi-Alabama shelf Pinnacle Trend Habitat Mapping Study. [New Orleans, La.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 1992.

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United States. Minerals Management Service. Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, ed. Mississippi-Alabama shelf Pinnacle Trend Habitat Mapping Study. [New Orleans, La.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 1992.

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United States. Minerals Management Service. Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, ed. Mississippi-Alabama shelf Pinnacle Trend Habitat Mapping Study. [New Orleans, La.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 1992.

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United States. Minerals Management Service. Gulf of Mexico OCS Region., ed. Mississippi-Alabama shelf Pinnacle Trend Habitat Mapping Study. [New Orleans, La.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 1992.

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Myers, Richard K. Forest habitat regions of South Carolina from Landsat imagery. Clemson, S.C: Clemson University, Dept. of Forestry, 1986.

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Barrett, Katharine. Mapping fish habitats: Teacher's guide. Berkeley, Calif: Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Habitat mapping"

1

Lamarche, Geoffroy, Alan R. Orpin, John S. Mitchell, and Arne Pallentin. "Benthic Habitat Mapping." In Biological Sampling in the Deep Sea, 80–102. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118332535.ch5.

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Valavanis, Vasilis D. "Preface: European Commission’s’ scientific Support to Policies’ Action EnviEFH: Environmental Approach to Essential Fish Habitat Designation." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean, 1–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_1.

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Tserpes, George, Chrissi-Yianna Politou, Panagiota Peristeraki, Argyris Kallianiotis, and Costas Papaconstantinou. "Identification of hake distribution pattern and nursery grounds in the Hellenic seas by means of generalized additive models." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean, 125–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_10.

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Crec’hriou, Romain, Patrick Bonhomme, Géraldine Criquet, Gwenaêl Cadiou, Philippe Lenfant, Guillaume Bernard, Erwan Roussel, Laurence Le Diréach, and Serge Planes. "Spatial patterns and GIS habitat modelling of fish in two French Mediterranean coastal areas." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean, 135–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_11.

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Georgakarakos, Stratis, and Dimitra Kitsiou. "Mapping abundance distribution of small pelagic species applying hydroacoustics and Co-Kriging techniques." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean, 155–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_12.

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Bellido, Jose M., Alex M. Brown, Vasilis D. Valavanis, Ana Giráldez, Graham J. Pierce, Magdalena Iglesias, and Andreas Palialexis. "Identifying essential fish habitat for small pelagic species in Spanish Mediterranean waters." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean, 171–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_13.

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Martín, Paloma, Nixon Bahamon, Ana Sabatés, Francesc Maynou, Pilar Sánchez, and Montserrat Demestre. "European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) landings and environmental conditions on the Catalan Coast (NW Mediterranean) during 2000–2005." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean, 185–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_14.

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Schismenou, Eudoxia, Marianna Giannoulaki, Vasilis D. Valavanis, and Stylianos Somarakis. "Modeling and predicting potential spawning habitat of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) based on satellite environmental information." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean, 201–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_15.

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Tsagarakis, Konstantinos, Athanassios Machias, Stylianos Somarakis, Marianna Giannoulaki, Andreas Palialexis, and Vasilis D. Valavanis. "Habitat discrimination of juvenile sardines in the Aegean Sea using remotely sensed environmental data." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean, 215–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_16.

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Giannoulaki, Marianna, Vasilis D. Valavanis, Andreas Palialexis, Konstantinos Tsagarakis, Athanassios Machias, Stylianos Somarakis, and Costas Papaconstantinou. "Modelling the presence of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus in the Aegean Sea during early summer, based on satellite environmental data." In Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean, 225–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Habitat mapping"

1

Shields, Jackson, Oscar Pizarro, and Stefan B. Williams. "Towards Adaptive Benthic Habitat Mapping." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9196811.

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Montagnini, Luca, Tania Manarini, Enrico Nicola Armelloni, Elena Manini, Fabrizio Moro, Pierluigi Penna, Martina Scanu, et al. "Integrated monitoring approach for habitat mapping." In 2022 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea; Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metrosea55331.2022.9950833.

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Davie, Andrew, Klaas Hartmann, Greg Timms, Martin de Groot, and John McCulloch. "Benthic habitat mapping with autonomous underwater vehicles." In OCEANS 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2008.5151927.

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Galceran, E., and M. Carreras. "Coverage path planning for marine habitat mapping." In OCEANS 2012. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2012.6404907.

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Vélez-Reyes, Miguel, James A. Goodman, Alexey Castrodad-Carrau, Luis O. Jiménez-Rodriguez, Shawn D. Hunt, and Roy Armstrong. "Benthic habitat mapping using hyperspectral remote sensing." In Remote Sensing, edited by Charles R. Bostater, Jr., Xavier Neyt, Stelios P. Mertikas, and Miguel Vélez-Reyes. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.692996.

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Saade, Edward J. "Seafloor Habitat Mapping Nearshore San Diego County." In California and the World Ocean 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40761(175)116.

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Oppelt, N., F. Schulze, and I. Bartsch. "Hyperspectral derivatives analysis for intertidal habitat mapping." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Charles R. Bostater, Stelios P. Mertikas, Xavier Neyt, Caroline Nichol, Dave Cowley, and Jean-Paul Bruyant. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.965299.

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"ROBUST VIDEO MOSAICING FOR BENTHIC HABITAT MAPPING." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001368603060310.

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Diegues, Andre, Jose Pinto, Pedro Ribeiro, Roberto Frias, and do Campo Alegre. "Automatic Habitat Mapping using Convolutional Neural Networks." In 2018 IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Workshop (AUV). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/auv.2018.8729787.

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Flood, Roger D., and R. M. Cerrato. "BACKSCATTER MAPPING, FAUNAL SAMPLING AND BENTHIC HABITAT IN THE LONG ISLAND SOUND CABLE FUND SEAFLOOR HABITAT MAPPING PROJECT." In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328720.

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Reports on the topic "Habitat mapping"

1

Todd, B. J., V. E. Kostylev, G. B. J. Fader, R. C. Courtney, and R A Pickrill. Habitat mapping on Browns Bank, Scotian Shelf. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/211866.

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Todd, B. J., P. C. Valentine, V. E. Kostylev, and R. A. Pickrill. Habitat mapping of the Gulf of Maine. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/212289.

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McKee, A., and J. Grant. Bay-scale habitat mapping of American lobster (Homarus americanus). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305891.

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Gotthardt, Tracey. Inventory and Mapping of Sixmile Lakes Sockeye Salmon Spawning Habitat. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402390.

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Washington-Allen, R. A., and T. L. Ashwood. Terrestrial habitat mapping of the Oak Ridge Reservation: 1996 Summary. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/380352.

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Schiele, K. S., A. Darr, R. Pesch, B. Schuchardt, and C. Kuhmann. Habitat mapping towards an ecosystem approach in marine spatial planning. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305926.

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Downs, J., B. Tiller, M. Witter, and R. Mazaika. Monitoring and mapping selected riparian habitat along the lower Snake River. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/212417.

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Kentner, V., V. Guida, D. Johnson, and J. Brink. Habitat mapping and assessment in Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf wind energy areas. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305873.

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LaFrance Bartley, M., J. W. King, B. A. Oakley, and B. J. Cacciopoli. Management of ecological perspectives of habitat mapping at Fire Island National Seashore. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305881.

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Pazzini, A., R. Proietti, S. Agnesi, A. Annunziatellis, and L. Nicoletti. An indirect approach to classify backscatter data for soft bottom habitat mapping. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305909.

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