Academic literature on the topic 'Habitat encroachment'
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Journal articles on the topic "Habitat encroachment"
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Kavwele, Cyrus M., Johnstone K. Kimanzi, and Mwangi J. Kinyanjui. "Impacts of Bush Encroachment on Wildlife Species Diversity, Composition, and Habitat Preference in Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Laikipia, Kenya." International Journal of Ecology 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5620125.
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Savannah ecosystems are currently facing a biome shift that changes grasslands to woody dominated landscapes, attributable to habitat degradation. In Ol Pejeta Conservancy (OPC), Euclea divinorum, an unpalatable and invasive woody species, is expanding to former savannah ecosystems with potential effects on herbivores key resources, wildlife species diversity, composition, and habitat use. We investigated wildlife species diversity, composition, and habitat preference or avoidance by wildlife in the conservancy. Infrared camera traps were deployed at the centroids of 2 km by 2 km, 50 cm above ground surface for 14 days and nights with 9 camera traps in each habitat type. Shannon wiener index revealed that wildlife species diversity was highest in E. divinorum dominated habitats and lowest in open grassland. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis revealed level of similarity in wildlife species composition between E. divinorum and mixed bushland. Jacobs index revealed that E. divinorum and mixed bushland were avoided by all guilds; however E. divinorum was significantly avoided while A. drepanolobium and open grassland were both preferred by all guilds. However, A. drepanolobium dominated habitats were significantly preferred compared to open grasslands. The findings are useful in management of sustainable ecosystems.
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Gartzia, Maite, Concepción L. Alados, and Fernando Pérez-Cabello. "Assessment of the effects of biophysical and anthropogenic factors on woody plant encroachment in dense and sparse mountain grasslands based on remote sensing data." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 38, no. 2 (April 2014): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133314524429.
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Land abandonment exacerbated by climate change has led to increased woody plant encroachment of mountain grasslands in many regions of the world. The present study assessed woody plant encroachment below potential tree line in the Central Pyrenees of Spain and the association of this encroachment with changes in land use. Remote sensing data from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) from the mid-1980s and mid-2000s were analyzed by supervised classification for identification of land cover types. The transition matrix indicated that shrublands were the most dynamic plant communities. Consequently, 21% of cultivated areas, 19% of dense grasslands, and 24% of sparse grasslands became shrublands during the period analyzed, and 35% of shrublands became forest. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to identify biophysical and anthropogenic factors that were significantly correlated with woody plant encroachment of dense and sparse grasslands. Distance to the nearest woody plant habitat (shrub or forest) was the most strongly correlated factor with woody plant encroachment of both types of grassland. This factor explained 69% and 71% of the variance in models of dense and sparse grasslands, respectively. Besides this factor, anthropogenic factors had larger effects on woody plant encroachment of dense grasslands, regions that were more productive and accessible. However, biophysical and especially topographic factors had slightly greater effects on woody plant encroachment of sparse grasslands, regions that were less productive and accessible. The changes in land cover that we observed indicated that land cover has become more homogeneous. There have been reductions in the variety, functions, and services of grasslands, particularly in areas below the potential tree line that are vulnerable to the development of woody plant habitats.
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BAQI, FAZAL. "Distribution and Habitat Selection of Grey Francolin (Francolinus Pondicerianus) in Swegali Game Reserve District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Journal of Bioresource Management 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0148.
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Animals use some habitats and quit others. It is essential to examine resource which is of great interest to the animal for its survival. Distribution and habitat selection of Grey Francolin was examined in Swegali game reserve during June 2007. Twelve line transects 200 meters wide and average 3.73 kilometers long were laid down randomly for collection of data from 06h00-20h00 and observed 58 Grey francolins singly or in pairs. Distributed of Grey francolin was observed in three of the available six habitat types including woody ravines, shrub land and agricultural fields. Chi-squared test showed that Grey francolin displayed significant habitat selection and highly significant preference for woody ravines, northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening, a slight drag to the afternoon was also observed. The study can contribute to planning of management interventions for the study species and its preferred habitats. It might assist policy makers to devise policies pertaining to agriculture, study species and their habitats to mitigate encroachment into marginal lands for agriculture, human settlements, use of pesticides and unregulated hunting, assessment of the effects of resource use on wild populations, planning and policy decisions for habitat management and harvest levels.
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Josephson, Rea M. "Economics of Agricultural Encroachment on Wildlife Habitat in Southwest Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 41, no. 4 (December 1993): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1993.tb03767.x.
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Zakkak, Sylvia, John Maxwell Halley, Triantafyllos Akriotis, and Vasiliki Kati. "Lizards along an agricultural land abandonment gradient in Pindos Mountains, Greece." Amphibia-Reptilia 36, no. 3 (2015): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003002.
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Agricultural land abandonment is recognized as one of the main environmental drivers in Southern Europe, affecting ecological communities. Lizards, as ectothermic species with low dispersal capacity, are particularly prone to the threats associated with land use changes. We investigated the effect of land abandonment on lizards in a remote mountainous area in Greece, using line transect sampling, in 20 randomly selected sites [1 km × 1 km], along a four grade abandonment gradient in terms of forest encroachment. We recorded four species: Algyroides nigropunctatus, Lacerta viridis/trilineata, Podarcis tauricus and Podarcis muralis, the latter being the most abundant. Our results did not provide evidence for a significant effect of forest encroachment or grazing on lizard diversity, given the dominance of P. muralis, the availability of all microhabitat types along the gradient and the low grazing intensity in the study area. Environmental parameters at the macrohabitat scale did not prove determinant for habitat variance, but microhabitat analysis showed a clear preference of P. muralis to bare ground. Despite the non-significant effects of land abandonment on lizard diversity, the dominance of P. muralis tends to indicate a lizard community shift towards species inhabiting forested habitats. The preservation of open microhabitats, such as bare land, is considered of great importance for promoting high levels of lizard diversity, as their loss would affect even species currently widespread in forested ecosystems. Low intensity grazing, as well as the enhancement of wild ungulate populations in abandoned areas, can contribute to halting forest encroachment and maintaining the required habitat heterogeneity.
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Wei, Zhenhua, Meng Zheng, Lizhi Zhou, and Wenbin Xu. "Flexible Foraging Response of Wintering Hooded Cranes (Grus monacha) to Food Availability in the Lakes of the Yangtze River Floodplain, China." Animals 10, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040568.
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Wetlands are disappearing or degrading at an unprecedented rate due to the increase in human encroachment and disturbance, eventually leading to habitat loss for waterbirds, which is the primary cause of the decline in the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) population. The Hooded Cranes have to constantly adjust their foraging strategies to survive to cope with this situation. In order to study how cranes respond to food resources in mosaic habitat, we surveyed a total of 420 food quadrats and 736 behavioral samples from three habitats during three wintering periods in Shengjin Lake and Caizi Lake. We measured temporal and between-habitat differences in foraging time budget, foraging frequency, and foraging success rate. Akaike’s information criterion was selected between the models of food abundance and availability. The results indicated that the wintering cranes spent the majority of their time (66.55%) foraging and shifted their foraging behaviors based upon food abundance and availability in different habitats. Our analyses also indicated that cranes were willing to forage more food with poor sediment penetrability in sub-optimal habitats. Foraging time budget was based on the food depth, and the foraging frequency and foraging success rate were based on food abundance. Cranes adopted flexible foraging strategies in response to the alternative food resources in mosaic wetland habitats, as it could mitigate the negative impacts of habitat loss and facilitate survival.
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Cabrera-García, Leonardo, José Alejandro Velázquez Montes, and Martha Elena Escamilla Weinmann. "Identification of priority habitats for conservation of the Sierra Madre sparrow Xenospiza baileyi in Mexico." Oryx 40, no. 2 (April 2006): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605306000615.
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The Sierra Madre sparrow Xenospiza baileyi, categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, is endemic to Mexico. The subalpine bunch grasslands of the Transverse Volcanic Belt in the south of the Valley of Mexico are the last remaining habitat of this species. We conducted a detailed survey for the Sierra Madre sparrow using the point count method, and then described the species' habitat using a phytosociological approach. The two sets of information were pooled into a single analytical framework to identify priority habitats for the species. Eight vegetation communities were distinguished. The Festuca lugens-Muhlenbergia quadridentata and Stipa ichu bunch grassland communities had the highest densities of the Sierra Madre sparrow. Intensive burning and grazing activities and agricultural encroachment have restricted sparrow occupancy. Landscape analysis helped to delineate core grassland areas for the species and grassland strips and islands that could potentially act as habitat corridors. From the information generated in this study, which was shared with the local communities, we are establishing a participatory socio-ecological investigation for conservation of the Sierra Madre sparrow's habitat.
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Gheza, Gabriele, Silvia Assini, Chiara Lelli, Lorenzo Marini, Helmut Mayrhofer, and Juri Nascimbene. "Biodiversity and conservation of terricolous lichens and bryophytes in continental lowlands of northern Italy: the role of different dry habitat types." Biodiversity and Conservation 29, no. 13 (August 18, 2020): 3533–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02034-1.
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Abstract In dry habitats of European lowlands terricolous lichens and bryophytes are almost neglected in conservation practises, even if they may strongly contribute to biodiversity. This study aims at (a) testing the role of heathlands, acidic and calcareous dry grasslands for lichen and bryophyte diversity and conservation in lowland areas of northern Italy characterized by high human impact and habitat fragmentation; (b) detecting the effect of environmental drivers and vegetation dynamics on species richness and composition. Lichens, bryophytes, vascular plants, and environmental variables were recorded in 287 circular plots for 75 sites. Our results indicate that heathlands, acidic and calcareous dry grasslands host peculiar terricolous lichen and bryophyte communities that include several species of conservation concern. Thus, each habitat provides a complementary contribution to lichen and bryophyte diversity in continental lowland landscapes. Furthermore, in each habitat different factors drive species richness and composition with contrasting patterns between lichens and bryophytes. In terms of conservation, our results indicate that management of lowland dry habitats should act at both local and landscape scales. At local scale, vegetation dynamics should be controlled in order to avoid biodiversity loss due to vegetation dynamics and wood encroachment. At the landscape scale, patches of all the three habitats should be maintained to maximize regional diversity.
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Nel, Lyndre. "Riparian conservation management needs habitat quality mapping." Columella : Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 7, no. 2 (2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18380/szie.colum.2020.7.2.15.
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Riparian habitat quality has a significant influence on the water quality of rivers, primary resources for urban and agricultural use. River water quality deteriorates where normal ecological functioning is disrupted by harmful impacts from nearby land-use types. Important rivers are typically managed and protected by government-led conservation programs. These programs often lack a key tool for efficient conservation management, habitat quality mapping. The Berg River, an important water source in South Africa, was used as a case-study to assess how habitat quality mapping could broaden the current scope of river conservation programs. The river faces threats from nearby urban settlements, industrial areas, mining, encroachment, and agricultural practices. The aim of this study was to develop habitat quality and habitat degradation maps for a section of the Berg River to assess the value that mapping holds for conservation managers and spatial planners. InVEST modelling software and ArcGIS was used to produce these habitat quality maps based on land-use/land-cover and threat impact data. The resulting maps showed several specific locations of heavily threatened and degraded riparian habitat that had not specifically been included in current government conservation management or spatial planning. Habitat quality mapping is an important tool that conservation managers and spatial planners can use to successfully address habitat degradation and protection while facing resource limitations, such as lack of funding. Oversight of degraded riparian habitats will lead to further decreases in river water quality, adversely affecting human welfare and local economies.
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Chiang, Po-Jen, Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei, Michael R. Vaughan, Ching-Feng Li, Mei-Ting Chen, Jian-Nan Liu, Chung-Yi Lin, Liang-Kong Lin, and Yu-Ching Lai. "Is the clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa extinct in Taiwan, and could it be reintroduced? An assessment of prey and habitat." Oryx 49, no. 2 (November 20, 2014): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531300063x.
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AbstractDuring 1997–2012 we conducted a nationwide camera-trapping survey and assessed the availability of prey and habitat for the clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa in Taiwan. We surveyed 1,249 camera-trap sites over 113,636 camera-trap days, from the seashore to an altitude of 3,796 m and covering various types of vegetation. No clouded leopards were photographed during 128,394 camera-trap days, including at 209 sites in other studies, confirming the presumed extinction of clouded leopards in Taiwan. Assessment of the prey base revealed altitudinal distribution patterns of prey species and prey biomass. Areas at lower altitudes and with less human encroachment and hunting supported a higher prey biomass and more of the typical prey species of clouded leopards. Habitat analysis revealed 8,523 km2 of suitable habitat but this was reduced to 6,734 km2 when adjacent areas of human encroachment were subtracted. In the absence of hunting and large mammalian carnivores the major prey of clouded leopards in Taiwan, such as Formosan macaques Macaca cyclopis, Reeves's muntjacs Muntiacus reevesi, Formosan serow Capricornis swinhoei and sambar Rusa unicolor, could become over-abundant. Thus, it is important to address the cascading effect of the disappearance of top-down predator control. Our assessment indicated that, with proper regulation of hunting, habitat restoration and corridor improvement, it may be possible to reintroduce the clouded leopard.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Habitat encroachment"
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Westbrook, Matthew R. "Local scale forest encroachment into alpine habitat: past patterns and future predictions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1396530374.
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Gachugu, David Mukii, and n/a. "Can monkeys and humans co-exist? Land-use and primate conservation : conflicts and solutions in Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya." University of Canberra. Resource & Environmental Science, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060711.121336.
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This study is based in Tana River National Primate Reserve (TRNPR), Kenya. The
reserve, established in 1976 to protect remnant patches of riverine forests from
increasing human pressure is home to two endemic endangered primate subspecies,
Tana River Red colobus (Colobus badius rufomitratus) and Tana River Crested
mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus galeritus). Habitat encroachment through indigenous
farming and forest uses was thought to be one of the causes of drastic colobus and
mangabey population decline after 1975. This study aimed at; generating information
on the impact of these human land-uses on the habitat, this would facilitate the
preparation of management recommendations which would improve the chances of
survival of primate habitats without compromising the welfare of indigenous people.
Using 3 sets of aerial photographs and a geographic information system, information on
land-use changes over time has been generated. A 3 month field work generated
information on agriculture, forest uses and other relevant socio-economic information.
Results from the study indicate that: (i) human population has increased by more than
two-folds between 1969 and 1991; (ii) this has not corresponded to a net increase in
forest area decrease or farm area increase; (iii) there has been a net increase in area
under forest and decrease in area under agriculture; (iv) spatial and temporal changes in
forest area explain colobus population crash observed between 1975 and 1985, (v)
indigenous farmers interviewed prefer a compromise, where they are allowed controlled
access to land within the reserve. They showed a keen knowledge of conservation costs
and benefits and cause-effect processes between humans and the environment.
Management recommendations advocate measures that encourage indigenous people to
be partners in conservation.
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Alofs, Karen Marie. "The effects of habitat loss and fragmentation caused by woody plant encroachment on native plant diversity and on an invasive grass." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-1464.
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Habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and species invasions have been recognized as
three of the leading threats to biodiversity. I examined the effects of habitat loss and
fragmentation on native and invasive plants in central Texas. During the last century, the
density and abundance of woody plants has been increasing in the savannas of eastern Edwards Plateau. This process, known as woody plant encroachment, not only reduces the amount of open herbaceous habitat but also fragments that habitat creating smaller and more isolated patches. In three studies, I investigated the consequences of this habitat loss and fragmentation for plants which do not occur under the cover of woody plants including native grasses and forbs and the invasive Eurasian bunchgrass, Bothriochloa ischaemum (King Ranch Bluestem).
In the first study, I show that woody plant encroachment reduces native herbaceous species richness (the number of species in a given area). Using a collection of historical aerial photographs, I demonstrate that current native herbaceous species richness was most strongly related to recent habitat amount, but to the degree of habitat fragmentation at least 50 years ago. In a second study, I show that the presence of B. ischaemum was negatively related to the degree of fragmentation in the surrounding landscape. Finally, I found that B. ischaemum had higher rates of germination and
growth in experimental plots where the species commonly lost with woody plant encroachment were removed than in unmanipulated control plots. Together, this work
suggests that woody plant encroachment is directly slowing the spread of an invasive
species while indirectly facilitating its establishment.text
Books on the topic "Habitat encroachment"
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support. Readiness impact of range encroachment issues, including endangered species and critical habitats, sustainment of the maritime environment, airspace management, urban sprawl, air pollution, unexploded ordnance, and noise: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support of the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, March 20, 2001. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.
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US GOVERNMENT. Readiness impact of range encroachment issues, including endangered species and critical habitats; sustainment of the maritime environment; airspace management; ... first session, March 20, 2001 (S. hrg). For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O. [Congressional Sales Office], 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Habitat encroachment"
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K. Nkwabi, Ally, John K. Bukombe, Hamza K. Kija, Steven D. Liseki, Sood A. Ndimuligo, and Pius Y. Kavana. "Avifauna in Relation to Habitat Disturbance in Wildlife Management Areas of the Ruvuma Miombo Ecosystem, Southern Tanzania." In Birds - Challenges and Opportunities for Business, Conservation and Research. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97332.
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Understanding of relative distribution of avifauna provides insights for the conservation and management of wildlife in the community managed areas. This study examined relative diversity, abundance, and distribution of avifauna in selected habitat types across five Wildlife Management Areas of the Ruvuma landscape in miombo vegetation, southern Tanzania. Five habitat types were surveyed during the study: farmland, swamps, riverine forest, dense and open woodland. Transect lines, mist-netting, and point count methods were used to document 156 species of birds in the study sites. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare species richness and diversity across habitat types. We found differences in avifaunal species distribution in the study area whereby farmland had the highest abundance of avifauna species and lowest in the riverine forest. These results suggest that variations of avifauna species abundance, diversity, and distribution could be attributed by human activities across habitat types; due to the reason that habitats with less human encroachment had good species diversity and richness. Therefore, to improve avitourism and avoid local extinction of species, we urge for prompt action to mitigate species loss by creating awareness in the adjacent community through conservation education on the importance of protecting such biodiversity resources.
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Mishra, Sheelpa. "Of the Land, for the Land, and by the Land." In Indigenous Research of Land, Self, and Spirit, 54–66. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3729-9.ch004.
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Land is a promising asset that acts as a stimulus for indigenous people to act and respond within their natural limits. The natives enjoy great kinship with the land. They deem the land as one with the humankind: a living, breathing, and thinking being. They believe that they live under the constant protection of the green produce of the land and they ought to protect it in return as it plays a key role in determining the possibility of survival of the tribal community. Any attempt at enforced displacement, tribal eviction, land encroachment, land diversion, or land alienation leads to disintegration of the tribal community. Trespassers trying to dispossess the aboriginals of their land not only impact the indigenous ethnic formations but also affect the ecological balance. The chapter provides an incisive sociological scrutiny to trace the origin of the pressing crisis of tribal land alienation, by adopting Gopinath Mohanty's Paraja as a case study, to understand its catastrophic repercussions on the forest communities and the natural habitat.
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Kramer, Randall A., and Carel P. van Schaik. "Preservation Paradigms and Tropical Rain Forests." In Last Stand. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095548.003.0005.
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Tropical rain forests are disappearing rapidly as a result of increasing human encroachment. During the past century, tropical rain forests have been reduced to about half of their original area. And the rate of deforestation is accelerating, fueled by population growth in developing countries and resource demands in the developed countries. The remaining forests are subject to increasingly intensive human use. Deforestation, fragmentation, and exploitation cause a plethora of problems, including soil erosion; siltation of rivers, lakes, and estuaries; increased flooding and droughts; release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere; and loss of species. In recent years, these problems have become the subject of international concern. This book focuses on the loss of biodiversity in tropical rain forests and on the role of protected areas in stemming the loss. This chapter examines the meaning of biodiversity and the history of the park movement in the tropics. What began as protection of habitat through the exclusion of people has transformed into sustainable use of biological resources. This new emphasis provides local control of important resources and greater income, but does it conserve habitat and species? We will argue that a renewed focus on protected areas as the primary storehouse of biodiversity is needed. We will also make the case for a focus on the tropical rain forest biome and will conclude with an overview of the rest of the book. In its strict sense, biodiversity refers to the “variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur” (Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, 1987:3). This definition can be extended both downward to cover genetic variability within a species and upward to include habitat and ecosystem diversity. practical terms, however, biodiversity is most profitably expressed as species diversity (weighted for rarity, endemism, and taxonomic distinctiveness, if necessary) at the landscape level (see chapter 6). We adopt this definition of biodiversity. During the past few years, attempts to link rain forest protection with sustainable development have led to a noticeable expansion of the meaning of the phrase “biodiversity conservation.”
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"Marine Artificial Reef Research and Development: Integrating Fisheries Management Objectives." In Marine Artificial Reef Research and Development: Integrating Fisheries Management Objectives, edited by Ahmad Ali, Nur Iskandar Tajudin, and Rafezi Hazizi. American Fisheries Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874516.ch18.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Research and development (R&D) on the design and construction of artificial reefs in Malaysia was initiated by researchers from the Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Fisheries Malaysia (DoFM) based in Penang in 1975. Initially, R&D only focused on simple designs and construction using discarded tires, wooden fishing boats, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, reinforced concrete, and ceramic sewerage pipe. These reefs were used in fisheries management to maximize resource enhancement, resource conservation, and habitat rehabilitation and mitigation, as well as being an aid to alleviate the problem of depleting fish resources in coastal waters. However, in 2006, the DoFM made a major policy change in the design and construction materials of artificial reefs in the country. The focus was to construct large, heavy, and robust artificial reefs using durable materials such as reinforced concrete and steel to deter the encroachment of destructive fishing gears, especially trawlers, along the coastal and in marine protected areas. These new artificial reefs addressed several issues, such as fish behavior, target species, physical oceanography, and marine engineering, in their design. The reinforced concrete artificial reefs were built according to the British Standard 8110 under the supervision of officers from the Engineering Division and Research Division of the DoFM. Presently, the DoFM has designed 21 types of artificial reefs that have been deployed at 130 selected locations in Malaysia. This paper reviews the progress of R&D on the design and construction of artificial reefs using tires, wooden fishing boats, reinforced concrete, PVC pipe, ceramic materials, and steel in Malaysia between 1975 and 2017.
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Randall, Nicola P., and Barbara Smith. "Future Perspectives." In The Biology of Agroecosystems, 144–60. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737520.003.0009.
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This final chapter explores the future challenges for agroecosystem biology. Factors such as population growth and the requirement for increased agricultural production are considered, alongside environmental factors such as climate change. The chapter explores the potential encroachment of new farmland into natural habitats and the limiting factors for agricultural growth (such as land and water availability). The use of new developments to overcome these limiting factors to agricultural growth is discussed. The chapter concludes with consideration of the potential biological impacts of further expansion and change to global agriculture, and of the implications of agricultural management on biological and other environmental factors.
Conference papers on the topic "Habitat encroachment"
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Georgiev, Georgi. "BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF WETLANDS AND RAMSAR PLACES IN THE CROSS-BORDER REGION OF BULGARIA, NORTHERN MACEDONIA, ALBANIA AND GREECE AND DEVELOPMENT." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.97.
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According to the definition of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), wetlands on Earth are areas that are flooded or saturated with water, artificial or natural, permanently or temporarily flooded with standing, sitting or running water. These areas include areas where water is the predominant element, such as swamps, wetlands, peatlands, estuaries, sea branches and lagoons, lakes, rivers and artificial reservoirs with a depth of more than six meters. Considering the importance of these territories and with the deep conviction that the preservation of their flora and fauna can be ensured by combining long-term national policy with coordinated international action, the scientific community reacted to the encroachments and unreasonable attitude to them by concluding 02.02. 1971 of the Convention on wetlands of international importance, especially as waterfowl habitats, known to the general public as the Ramsar Convention. The main objectives of this document are to manage wetlands as sites of great economic, cultural, scientific and conservation value, to avoid damage and loss and to preserve them through prudent use, i.e. through their continuous development. The object of study in the present work is the biological diversity, in particular the avifauna of some of the internationally important wetlands in the border areas between Bulgaria, Greece, the Republic of North Macedonia and Albania in view of the opportunities they offer for the development of some forms of alternative types of tourism.