Academic literature on the topic 'Habitat differentiation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Habitat differentiation"
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LINDBLOM, Louise, and Stefan EKMAN. "New evidence corroborates population differentiation in Xanthoria parietina." Lichenologist 39, no. 3 (May 2007): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282907006780.
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Abstract:In order to examine genetic variation and population structure of the widespread lichen-forming ascomycete Xanthoria parietina from similar habitats, but different sites in Scandinavia, we investigated seven populations in Scania, southernmost Sweden, and compared the results with a corresponding study on Storfosna, central Norway. Sequence variations of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were used as molecular markers, for both a part of the IGS region and the complete ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. The amount of genetic variability observed was comparable in the two investigations. Divergence between populations in different habitats found in the previous study was also present in this study. Xanthoria parietina is genetically differentiated between habitats with no evidence of restricted gene flow between populations in the same habitat at the present spatial scale, at least at sites along the coast of Scandinavia. Differentiation between habitats is considerable at both study sites, which we attribute to restricted gene flow between habitats, i.e. habitat isolation.
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Rousset, François. "Genetic Differentiation Within and Between Two Habitats." Genetics 151, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/151.1.397.
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Abstract We investigate the usefulness of analyses of population differentiation between different ecological types, such as host races of parasites or sources and sink habitats. To that aim, we formulate a model of population structure involving two classes of subpopulations found in sympatry. Extensions of previous results for Wright's F-statistics in island and isolation-by-distance models of dispersal are given. It is then shown that source and sinks cannot in general be distinguished by F-statistics nor by their gene diversities. The excess differentiation between two partially isolated classes with respect to differentiation within classes is shown to decrease with distance, and for a wide range of parameter values it should be difficult to detect. In the same circumstances little differentiation will be observed in “hierarchical analyses between pools of samples from each habitat, and differences between levels of differentiation within each habitat will only reflect differences between levels of gene diversity within each habitat. Exceptions will indicate strong isolation between the different classes or habitat-related divergent selection.
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Song, Chuangye, and Huiming Liu. "Habitat differentiation and conservation gap of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri in China." PeerJ 6 (March 12, 2019): e6126. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6126.
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The flower buds of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri are the materials of Xinyi, a traditional Chinese medicine. The harvest of flower buds and habitat fragmentation caused by human disturbance heavily threatens the natural regeneration and survival of these three Magnolia species. With the aim to support the conservation and improve the effectiveness of conservation, we performed an assessment on habitat suitability, influences of environmental variables on habitat suitability, and the conservation gap of these three Magnolia species, based on the Maxent modeling method. The results indicated that: (1) altitude, annual mean temperature, extreme temperature, temperature fluctuation, annual precipitation, and extreme precipitation are the most influential environmental variables for the distribution of M. sprengeri, M. biondii, and M. denudata; (2) obvious habitat differentiations were observed among M. biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri. M. sprengeri tends to be located in further northern areas with higher altitudes, lower temperatures, and lower precipitation compared to M. biondii and M. denudata; and (3) a large proportion of suitable habitats have been left without protection. Woodland and forest shared the largest area out of the suitable habitats. However, grassland, agricultural land, residential land, and mining and industry areas also occupied large areas of suitable habitats.
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ROTHERA, S. L., and A. J. DAVY. "POLYPLOIDY AND HABITAT DIFFERENTIATION IN DESCHAMPSIA CESPITOSA." New Phytologist 102, no. 3 (March 1986): 449–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00822.x.
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Mossman, Catherine A., and Peter M. Waser. "Effects of habitat fragmentation on population genetic structure in the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-201.
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Habitat fragmentation may have significant consequences for population genetic structure because geographic distance and physical barriers may impede gene flow. In this study, we investigated whether habitat fragmentation affects fine-scale genetic structure of populations of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). We studied 27 populations of P. leucopus, 17 in continuous forest and 10 in isolated woodlots. Populations were trapped in pairs that were either 500 or 2000 m apart. We estimated genetic variation at eight P. leucopus specific microsatellite DNA loci. We discovered significant genetic variation within all populations, but no significant differences in numbers of alleles or heterozygosity between populations. For given population pairs, we found significant genetic differentiation even at very short distances, based on multilocus FST estimates. The amount of genetic differentiation between population pairs was similar in the two habitats. Distance had a marginal effect on genetic differentiation when comparing paired populations separated by 2000 m with those separated by 500 m. However, at a larger geographic scale, there was no evidence of isolation by distance. This study confirms that microsatellite-based studies have the potential to detect interpopulation differentiation at an extremely local scale, and suggests that habitat fragmentation has surprisingly few effects on P. leucopus genetic structure.
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Watanabe, Shuntaro, Yuko Kaneko, Yuri Maesako, and Naohiko Noma. "Detecting the Early Genetic Effects of Habitat Degradation in Small Size Remnant Populations of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae)." International Journal of Forestry Research 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9410626.
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Habitat degradation caused by human activities has reduced the sizes of many plant populations worldwide, generally with negative genetic impacts. However, detecting such impacts in tree species is not easy because trees have long life spans. Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae) is a dominant tree species of broad-leaved evergreen forests distributed primarily along the Japanese coast. Inland habitats for this species have become degraded by human activities. To investigate the effects of habitat degradation on genetic structure, we compared the genetic diversities of mature and juvenile trees of five M. thunbergii populations around Lake Biwa in Japan. Allelic diversity was influenced by past lineage admixture events, but the effects of forest size were not clear. On the other hand, the inbreeding coefficient of the juvenile stage was higher in small populations, whereas large populations maintained panmictic breeding. Also, the extent of genetic differentiation was greater in juveniles than in mature trees. We detected the early genetic effects of habitat degradation in small, isolated M. thunbergii populations, indicating that habitat degradation increases inbreeding and genetic differentiation between populations.
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Horie, Sachio. "The Habitat Differentiation for Fairness: Digital Asylum Model." Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Science 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/jhass.2021.01.011.
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Kelemen, Krisztina A., Felicita Urzi, Elena Buzan, Győző F. Horváth, Filip Tulis, and Ivan Baláž. "Genetic variability and conservation of the endangered Pannonian root vole in fragmented habitats of an agricultural landscape." Nature Conservation 43 (May 7, 2021): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.58798.
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The distribution of the endangered glacial relict subspecies, the Pannonian root vole Alexandromys oeconomus mehelyi Éhik, 1928, is restricted to scattered localities in south-western Slovakia, which belong to the north-eastern zone of its range. Human-induced changes and fragmentation of the landscape have led to the gradual loss of suitable habitats and threaten its long-term survival. The study area in the Danubian Lowland is characterised by small habitat fragments and temporal fluctuations of the habitat area. Root voles were sampled at nine sites to study the level of genetic variability and structure of local subpopulations by scoring 13 microsatellite loci in 69 individuals. Genetic differentiation varied amongst local populations and we did not find a significant isolation-by-distance pattern. Bayesian clustering analysis suggested that dispersal effectively prevents marked genetic subdivision between studied habitat fragments. Significant pairwise differentiation between some subpopulations, however, may be the result of putatively suppressed gene flow. Low genetic diversity in the recent populations probably reflects the isolated location of the study area in the agricultural landscape, suggesting that long-term survival may not be assured. In order to maintain genetic diversity, it is essential to preserve (or even restore) habitats and ensure the possibility of gene flow; habitat protection is, therefore, recommended. Continuous assessment is necessary for effective conservation management and to predict the long-term survival chances of the Pannonian root vole in the study area.
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Fort, Thomas, Cécile Robin, Xavier Capdevielle, Laurent Delière, and Corinne Vacher. "Foliar fungal communities strongly differ between habitat patches in a landscape mosaic." PeerJ 4 (November 3, 2016): e2656. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2656.
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BackgroundDispersal events between habitat patches in a landscape mosaic can structure ecological communities and influence the functioning of agrosystems. Here we investigated whether short-distance dispersal events between vineyard and forest patches shape foliar fungal communities. We hypothesized that these communities homogenize between habitats over the course of the growing season, particularly along habitat edges, because of aerial dispersal of spores.MethodsWe monitored the richness and composition of foliar and airborne fungal communities over the season, along transects perpendicular to edges between vineyard and forest patches, using Illumina sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region.ResultsIn contrast to our expectation, foliar fungal communities in vineyards and forest patches increasingly differentiate over the growing season, even along habitat edges. Moreover, the richness of foliar fungal communities in grapevine drastically decreased over the growing season, in contrast to that of forest trees. The composition of airborne communities did not differ between habitats. The composition of oak foliar fungal communities change between forest edge and centre.DiscussionThese results suggest that dispersal events between habitat patches are not major drivers of foliar fungal communities at the landscape scale. Selective pressures exerted in each habitat by the host plant, the microclimate and the agricultural practices play a greater role, and might account for the differentiation of foliar fugal communities between habitats.
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Balsdon, Jennifer L., Tyler W. Smith, and Jeremy T. Lundholm. "Phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of Vaccinium vitis-idaea between coastal barrens and forests in Nova Scotia, Canada." Botany 89, no. 3 (March 2011): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-003.
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Coastal barrens and forests are very different environments, making it surprising that some plant species grow in both habitats. Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., common in both habitats, was studied for phenotypic and genotypic differences that may correlate with the different environments. Of the measured phenotypic traits, leaf thickness demonstrated the best response to differences between habitat types. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms were used to assess the genetic diversity of 85 V. vitis-idaea plants between habitats. The overall genotypic diversity (D = 0.99) and evenness (E = 0.77) from this study were higher than that found in other studies on V. vitis-idaea, and were likely influenced by the sampling methods used. Although the harsh environment of the coastal barrens was expected to increase clonal reproduction, we found no evidence of extensive cloning in either habitat type. An AMOVA revealed that genetic variation was highest (87.8%) within populations, and that V. vitis-idaea was not genetically distinct between the coastal barrens and forests. This outcome is consistent with the hypothesis that coastal barrens and forest habitats along the Nova Scotia coast represent extremes of a successional continuum, rather than discrete plant communities.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Habitat differentiation"
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Ellegaard, Kirsten Maren. "Genome Evolution and Niche Differentiation of Bacterial Endosymbionts." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylär evolution, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217724.
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Most animals contain chronic microbial infections that inflict no harm on their hosts. Recently, the gut microflora of humans and other animals have been characterized. However, little is known about the forces that shape the diversity of these bacterial communities. In this work, comparative genomics was used to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of host-adapted bacterial communities, using Wolbachia infecting arthropods and Lactobacteria infecting bees as the main model systems. Wolbachia are maternally inherited bacteria that cause reproductive disorders in arthropods, such as feminization, male killing and parthenogenesis. These bacteria are difficult to study because they cannot be cultivated outside their hosts. We have developed a novel protocol employing multiple displacement amplification to isolate and sequence their genomes. Taxonomically, Wolbachia is classified into different supergroups. We have sequenced the genomes of Wolbachia strain wHa and wNo that belong to supergroup A and B, respectively, and are present as a double-infection in the fruit-fly Drosophila simulans. Together with previously published genomes, a supergroup comparison of strains belonging to supergroups A and B indicated rampant homologous recombination between strains that belong to the same supergroup but were isolated from different hosts. In contrast, we observed little recombination between strains of different supergroups that infect the same host. Likewise, phylogenetically distinct members of Lactic acid bacteria co-exist in the gut of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, without transfer of genes between phylotypes. Nor did we find any evidence of co-diversification between symbionts and hosts, as inferred from a study of 13 genomes of Lactobacillus kunkeei isolated from diverse bee species and different geographic origins. Although Lactobacillus kunkeii is the most frequently isolated strain from the honey stomach, we hypothesize that the primary niche is the beebread where the bacteria are likely to contribute to the fermentation process. In the human gut, the microbial community has been shown to interact with the immune system, and likewise the microbial communities associated with insects are thought to affect the health of their host. Therefore, a better understanding of the role and evolution of endosymbiotic communities is important for developing strategies to control the health of their hosts.
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Bartoszek, Joseph E. "Genetic Differentiation in Ambystomatid Salamanders Across a Fragmented Landscape." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1259031878.
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Marrotte, Robby. "The influence of habitat and landscape structure on the genetic differentiation of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119521.
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The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) is a widespread habitat generalist species abundant over a large part of the North-American continent. In the past decade, due to climate and land use change, the range of this species has expanded northwards into Canada. The black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis), is the vector of Lyme disease which also has tracked climate change over the last few decades. This may have been further promoted by the growing presence of P. leucopus, a favored host for the tick. Therefore, aspects of the landscape that affect the movement and distribution of the white-footed mouse, will also affect the expansion of the tick, and consequently the spread of Lyme disease. In this thesis, I first reviewed published results that relied on genetic and non- genetic biological data to investigate the influence of local habitat and landscape characteristics on the movement and dispersal patterns in the white footed-mouse. Next, I evaluated the relations between breeding habitat and landscape resistance against the genetic differentiation between 11 populations in Montérégie, Québec, Canada. I was able to simultaneously measure the effect of the habitat and the landscape on the genetic differentiation of these mouse populations by utilizing numerical optimization to fit a model to previously published genetic data. I used ecological distance computed from resistance surfaces with Circuitscape to infer the effect of the landscape. Concurrently, I estimated the habitat quality of our sampling localities and correlated these to relevant habitat measurements. I found that both characteristics within and between forest patches have more of an impact on genetic differentiation than the geographical distance between the mice populations. This suggests that this species can disperse and use a wide range of habitats, in accordance with its recent rapid expansion in the region.La souris à pattes blanches (Peromyscus leucopus) est une espèce généraliste à large distribution sur le continent Nord-américain. En relation avec le réchauffement climatique et les changements dans l'utilisation des terres, cette espèce étend sa distribution vers le nord au Canada. La tique à pattes noires (Ixodes scapulatis), vecteur de la maladie de Lyme, a aussi suivi le changement climatique par un déplacement de la limite nord de sa distribution au Canada. Cette expansion vers le nord pourrait avoir été favorisée par la présence croissante de P. leucopus, un hôte préférentiel pour la tique. Les aspects du paysage qui affectent le mouvement et la distribution de la souris à pattes blanches, affecteront ainsi l'expansion de la tique et par conséquent, de la maladie de Lyme. Dans ce mémoire, j'ai d'abord effectué une revue de publications qui ont examiné l'influence de caractéristiques d'habitat locales et du paysage sur le mouvement et la dispersion de la souris à pattes blanches. Ensuite, j'ai évalué l'influence de caractéristiques de l'habitat et du paysage sur la différenciation génétique entre des populations situées en Montérégie, Québec, Canada. J'ai pu mesurer simultanément l'effet de l'habitat et du paysage sur la différenciation génétique de 11 populations de souris en utilisant une optimisation numérique. J'ai utilisé des distances écologiques calculées à partir de surfaces de résistance avec Circuitscape pour déduire l'effet du paysage. En parallèle, j'ai estimé la qualité de l'habitat de sites d'échantillonnage et corrélé cet index aux mesures d'habitat prises sur le terrain. J'ai trouvé que les caractéristiques dans et entre les patches forestiers ont plus d'impact sur la différenciation génétique que la distance géographique. Ceci suggère que cette espèce peut disperser et utiliser une vaste gamme d'habitats, conformément à son expansion rapide récente dans la région.
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Hailu, Solomon Ghebremeskel. "THE EFFECT OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON THE SPATIAL POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS)." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/624.
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Southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis (Zimmerman), is one of the most destructive insect pests of pine trees in southern United States, Mexico and Central America. There is relatively little information on the effect of habitat fragmentation on the connectivity and the spatial population genetics of SPB. This study therefore, adds to previously generated information by assessing how habitat fragmentation affects the spatial population genetic structure of SPB. It also introduces a new approach to the study of bark beetle population dynamics by assessing how landscape variables shape their effective dispersal. To address this issue, a suite of eight highly polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers were used to measure SPB movement over a representative range of SPB habitat and non-habitat (matrix). At the broadest scale, highly significant genetic differentiation suggests that the sampled populations are not panmictic. Loci with higher variability yielded higher resolution for both the infinite allele model based measure of differentiation (FST) and the stepwise mutation based measure (RST) estimates. It is apparent that allelic frequency differences, allelic size ranges and repeat motif played a role in the observed patterns of pair-wise differentiations between the sampled localities. It is supposed that gene flow, wide-range dispersal and recent divergent time could have contributed to the lower level of genetic structure observed in the pair wise estimates. The sampled populations did not show any differentiation attributable to the host species from which they were collected. Mantel test of genetic distance and Euclidean geographic distance revealed no correlation. Mantel tests of the correlation between genetic distance and cost weighted Euclidean distances also suggest that dispersal of SPB across geographic barriers is not significantly reduced. Thus, landscape features and host preference do not appear to have had an impact on population genetic structure of SPB. Since movements of these beetles were not significantly hindered by environmental factors like major rivers, roads, elevation and host type, it is advisable for regional pest management offices to put an effort and coordinate their prevention and management plans in a broader scale to alleviate the problem associated with this native insect pest. Disequilibrium in the observed homogenized pattern of the beetle in this study suggests human contribution in the dispersal of SPB. Therefore, stringent control is deemed necessary in transportation of logs. This could improve our pest management system hence its positive implication in timber industry is obvious.
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Schöttner, Sandra Iris [Verfasser]. "Bacterial habitat differentiation in cold- and warm-water coral reef ecosystems / Sandra Iris Schöttner. Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1035019795/34.
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Streatfeild, Craig Anthony. "The effects of habitat fragmentation on the demography and population genetic structure of Uromys Caudimaculatus." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/26424/.
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Habitat fragmentation can have an impact on a wide variety of biological processes including abundance, life history strategies, mating system, inbreeding and genetic diversity levels of individual species. Although fragmented populations have received much attention, ecological and genetic responses of species to fragmentation have still not been fully resolved. The current study investigated the ecological factors that may influence the demographic and genetic structure of the giant white-tailed rat (Uromys caudimaculatus) within fragmented tropical rainforests. It is the first study to examine relationships between food resources, vegetation attributes and Uromys demography in a quantitative manner. Giant white-tailed rat densities were strongly correlated with specific suites of food resources rather than forest structure or other factors linked to fragmentation (i.e. fragment size). Several demographic parameters including the density of resident adults and juvenile recruitment showed similar patterns. Although data were limited, high quality food resources appear to initiate breeding in female Uromys. Where data were sufficient, influx of juveniles was significantly related to the density of high quality food resources that had fallen in the previous three months. Thus, availability of high quality food resources appear to be more important than either vegetation structure or fragment size in influencing giant white-tailed rat demography. These results support the suggestion that a species’ response to fragmentation can be related to their specific habitat requirements and can vary in response to local ecological conditions. In contrast to demographic data, genetic data revealed a significant negative effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity and effective population size in U. caudimaculatus. All three fragments showed lower levels of allelic richness, number of private alleles and expected heterozygosity compared with the unfragmented continuous rainforest site. Populations at all sites were significantly differentiated, suggesting restricted among population gene flow. The combined effects of reduced genetic diversity, lower effective population size and restricted gene flow suggest that long-term viability of small fragmented populations may be at risk, unless effective management is employed in the future. A diverse range of genetic reproductive behaviours and sex-biased dispersal patterns were evident within U. caudimaculatus populations. Genetic paternity analyses revealed that the major mating system in U. caudimaculatus appeared to be polygyny at sites P1, P3 and C1. Evidence of genetic monogamy, however, was also found in the three fragmented sites, and was the dominant mating system in the remaining low density, small fragment (P2). High variability in reproductive skew and reproductive success was also found but was less pronounced when only resident Uromys were considered. Male body condition predicted which males sired offspring, however, neither body condition nor heterozygosity levels were accurate predictors of the number of offspring assigned to individual males or females. Genetic spatial autocorrelation analyses provided evidence for increased philopatry among females at site P1, but increased philopatry among males at site P3. This suggests that male-biased dispersal occurs at site P1 and female-biased dispersal at site P3, implying that in addition to mating systems, Uromys may also be able to adjust their dispersal behaviour to suit local ecological conditions. This study highlights the importance of examining the mechanisms that underlie population-level responses to habitat fragmentation using a combined ecological and genetic approach. The ecological data suggested that habitat quality (i.e. high quality food resources) rather than habitat quantity (i.e. fragment size) was relatively more important in influencing giant white-tailed rat demographics, at least for the populations studied here . Conversely, genetic data showed strong evidence that Uromys populations were affected adversely by habitat fragmentation and that management of isolated populations may be required for long-term viability of populations within isolated rainforest fragments.
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Deary, Alison L. "Ontogeny of the feeding apparatus and sensory modalities: Relationship to habitat differentiation among early life history stage drums (Sciaenidae) in the Chesapeake Bay." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616627.
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Although the form and function of the structure of the feeding apparatus and diet are linked in adult fishes, it is often not clear when during ontogeny the ecomorphological patterns enable early life history stage fishes (ELHS) to partition their foraging niches and reduce competition. Sciaenid (family Sciaenidae) species exhibit variability in the structure of the feeding apparatus, which allows them to exploit more foraging habitats as adults than any other family in the Chesapeake Bay. In this study, ELHS and juvenile sciaenids representing three foraging guilds (pelagic: n=92, 2.9-48.2 mm SL; generalist: n=71, 4.3-53.8 mm SL; and benthic: n=75, 1.9-43.2 mm SL) were captured during weekly, shore-based ichthyoplankton and trawl surveys throughout the lower Chesapeake Bay, York River, and tidal inlets on Eastern Shore of Virginia. Stomachs were removed, specimens were cleared and double stained, and elements of the feeding apparatus were measured. A smaller subset of specimens (n=17) were stained using a 1% phosphotungstic acid solution and then scanned using micro-computed tomography to determine sensory modality in ELHS sciaenids representing the same foraging guilds. A dietary shift occurred first in pelagic sciaenids (16 mm SL), which corresponded to an expansion of sensory modalities, particularly gustation and audition that augment vision. The dietary shift was observed next in benthic sciaenids at 20 mm SL, which corresponded to the acquisition of oral and pharyngeal specializations suited to exploiting benthic prey even though they lacked sensory specializations. Finally, generalist sciaenids experienced a dietary shift at 35 mm SL, which occurred after the expansion of sensory modality (particularly vision, olfaction, gustation, and mechanoreception) but before specializations to the feeding apparatus were observed. Phylogenetic signal, measured as Pagel's lambda, was also calculated for oral jaw elements using a molecular and a morphological topology to determine if evolutionary history may constrain the configuration of these elements and to understand how topology may influence the detected phylogenetic signal. Pagel's lambda was low for pelagic sciaenids in premaxilla, lower jaw, and ascending process length, regardless of the topology used in the analysis. The signal was variable for benthic sciaenids depending on the topology used in the analysis; the signal was low when a morphological topology was used but was high for lower jaw and ascending process length when a molecular topology was used. In benthic sciaenids, Pagel's lambda, was intermediate for premaxilla length when the molecular topology was used, suggesting that the length of the premaxilla is influenced by natural selection despite some phylogenetic constraints. Therefore, the morphological patterns detected in ELHS sciaenids are not constrained exclusively by evolutionary history and represent ecomorphological, which suggest that sciaenids are able to partition foraging in nursery habitats during these early stages.
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Esperandio, Isadora Beraldi. "Rodovias atuam como barreira para o fluxo gênico de roedores subterrâneos? : o caso de Ctenomys minutus (Ctenomyidae)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/104747.
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Rodovias podem fragmentar populações por dois mecanismos, mortalidade e evitamento. Como espécies que evitam rodovias são raramente atropeladas por veículos e, então, não são detectadas em monitoramentos de fauna atropelada, outras abordagens são necessárias para identificar se eles estão sendo afetados. Ctenomys minutus (tuco-tuco) é um roedor subterrâneo que habita campos arenosos nas margens de rodovias e são raramente registrados em monitoramentos de fauna atropelada. Buscamos identificar se as rodovias são uma barreira para o fluxo gênico de tuco-tuco baseado em nove loci de microssatélite. Coletamos amostras de tecido epitelial de indivíduos de quatro populações: duas com a presença (Weber e Amaral) e, como controle, duas com a ausência de rodovia (Maribo I e Maribo II). Mensuramos diversidade genética, diferenciação genética (estatística F) e acessamos estrutura genética (agrupamento bayesiano). Não observamos redução na variabilidade genética e encontramos um baixo nível de isolamento entre Weber e Amaral e um isolamento ainda menor entre Maribo I e Maribo II. O método bayesiano separou os indivíduos em dois grupos, onde Maribo I e Maribo II são um grupo consistente e Weber e Amaral possuem fracas diferenciações. Os resultados nos indicam que um efeito de barreira entre as populações separadas pela rodovia está em processo e que é necessário mais tempo para observarmos de forma mais clara o isolamento. São necessários mais estudos genéticos e comportamentais para certificar este padrão. Sob aspectos práticos, seria adequado monitorar as populações afetadas e, eventualmente, aplicar alguma medida de mitigação na estrada pra proporcionar conectividade. Por fim, a abordagem genética se mostrou muito interessante para avaliar este impacto.Roads can fragment populations by two mechanisms, mortality and avoidance behavior. Since species that avoid roads are rarely killed by vehicles and thus cannot be detected in roadkill surveys, other approaches are necessary to identify whether they are affected. Ctenomys minutus (tuco-tuco) is a subterranean rodent who inhabits sand fields including at the margins of roads, however is rarely recorded on roadkill surveys. We aimed to identify if roads are a barrier to the gene flow of tuco-tuco based on nine microsatellite loci. We collected tissue samples from individuals of four populations: a pair with the presence (Weber and Amaral) and, as control, a pair with absence of a road (Maribo I and Maribo II). We measured the genetic diversity, the genetic differentiation (F-statistics), and assessed the genetic structure (Bayesian clustering). We observed no reduction in genetic variability and a low isolation level in pairwise comparison of Weber and Amaral, which was even lower between Maribo I and Maribo II. The Bayesian method separated individuals into 2 clusters, where Maribo I and Maribo II are one consistent cluster and Weber and Amaral present weak differentiations. The results indicate that a barrier effect between populations separated by roads is in process. More genetic and behavioral studies are needed to confirm this pattern. Under practical aspects, it would be appropriate to monitor the affected populations and possibly apply some mitigation measure on the road to provide connectivity. Finally, genetic approach proved very interesting to evaluate this impact.
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Bellamy, Stephen, and steve bellamy@flinders edu au. "RESOURCE PARTITIONING BETWEEN TWO SYMPATRIC AUSTRALIAN SKINKS, EGERNIA MULTISCUTATA AND EGERNIA WHITII STEPHEN BELLAMY Thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy AUGUST 2006 SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES FLINDERS UNIVERSITY, ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA ________________________________________." Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070124.145924.
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When species compete for resources, in a stable homogeneous environment, there are two possible outcomes. The first is that one species will out-compete the other and exclude it from the environment. This is known as the competitive exclusion principle. The second is that both species will manage to coexist. Coexistence can only occur if the species niches are differentiated such that interspecific competition is minimised, or eliminated. This outcome is known as resource partitioning.
Two closely related Australian skink species of the Egernia genus, Egernia multiscutata and Egernia whitii, are abundant and sympatric on Wedge Island in South Australias Spencer Gulf. The species are morphologically very similar and appear to have very similar life histories and habitat requirements. Ostensibly, they would compete for limiting resources in this environment.
This thesis is the first investigation into resource partitioning in this previously unstudied model organism. I report the results of multi-faceted investigations into the coexistence of the skinks, E. multiscutata and E. whitii on Wedge Island and the evidence for, and mechanisms of, any facultative resource partitioning between them.
Study methods involved a transect survey of most of Wedge Island to determine the species distributions and any evidence for resource partitioning; a morphological comparison to investigate any potential competitive advantages of either species; a habitat choice experiment to establish retreat-site preferences in the absence of interspecific interference; and, a series of staged dyadic encounter experiments to investigate interspecific competitive interactions.
Resource partitioning was evidenced by differential distributions of the species among substrates containing the elements required for permanent refuge shelters. This partitioning was not mediated by avoidance of particular substrates but by the presence of the opponent species, combined with attraction to suitable substrates. Asymmetries in some morphological characters were found to confer a potential competitive advantage to E. multiscutata in agonistic encounters with E. whitii. Both species were found to have the same refuge site preferences when interference competition was experimentally removed. This result was not concordant with observed resource partitioning in the field and suggests that the habitat choices of both species are modified by the presence of the opponent species. Analyses of staged dyadic encounter experiments showed that E. multiscutata was more likely to gain greater access to a contested habitat resource and more likely to exclude E. whitii from the resource than vice-versa. Nevertheless, the outcome of competitive interactions was not completely deterministic and there was some tolerance of co-habitation. E. multiscutatas competitive advantage was attributable largely to its greater mass and head dimensions relative to snout to vent length. However, differential behavioural responses to the threat of larger opponent size also played an important part in resource partitioning between the species.
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Aitken, Nicole. "Differentiating Habits for Pro-Environmental Behaviours." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32104.
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To help protect the environment people need to change current non-environmental behaviours into more sustainable behaviours. By understanding habits for pro-environmental behaviours, people can strive toward building a more sustainable future. The goal of this thesis was to identify different types of repeated pro-environmental behaviours and how to best foster strong habits for pro-environmental behaviours. To achieve this purpose we combined the theoretical framework of habits (Bargh, 1994; Verplanken, 2006) with the theoretical framework of self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000) to address current gaps in the habit literature.
The present thesis is comprised of two articles. The first article determined if the proposed indicators of habits (i.e., behaviour frequency, habit strength, and behaviour interference) could identify different patterns of repeated pro-environmental behaviours predicted by habit and self-determination theory using cluster analysis. The three studies provided support for the three proposed types of repeated behaviours: weak habits, repeated behaviours with interference, and strong habits. These results were very robust since the same pattern was found across three studies, three samples, and three different target behaviours.
The second article used the groups (i.e., weak habit, repeated behaviour with interference, and strong habit) in exploratory multinomial logistic regression analyses to identify factors related to pro-environmental behaviours which distinguished between the different types of repeated behaviours. Once again, the same three types of repeated behaviours were found across these three studies, with three new samples and two different target behaviours. Three predictors fairly consistently identified differences between the groups: autonomous motivation toward the environment, perceived importance of the environment, and the frequency of other pro-environmental behaviours. The implications of the thesis findings are discussed in relation to self-determination theory and the study of habits.
Books on the topic "Habitat differentiation"
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Ross, Joanna, Andrew J. Hearn, and David W. Macdonald. The Bornean carnivore community: lessons from a little-known guild. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0014.
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Niche differentiation reduces competition between species and modifies predation risk such that species coexistence is promoted. Temporal partitioning is a type of niche differentiation that has only relatively recently been specifically investigated. In this chapter, data from 515 camera trap stations from Sabah, Malaysian Borneo is used to describe the presence, habitat associations and activity patterns of Bornean carnivores and to investigate temporal partitioning between species. Primary and old logged forest were the most species rich sites and small forest fragments and oil palm plantations supported the fewest species. Species’ activity patterns within families were more similar than those between families. Only the masked palm civet and sun bear showed variation in activity among habitats. Considering the species as rough trophic groups rather than families revealed that each group contained both diurnal and nocturnal species, which presumably helps to promote coexistence between the musteloids and other species in each group.
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Eating Out: Social Differentiation, Consumption and Pleasure. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
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1932-, Katayama Tadao, ed. Studies on distribution and ecotypic differentiations of wild and cultivated rice species in Africa: Report of the overseas scientific ... Kagoshima, Japan: Kagoshima University, Research Center for South Pacific, 1987.
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Thompson, John D. Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835141.001.0001.
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Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean: Insights for conservation brings together a diverse literature on the Mediterranean flora in a detailed but synthetic account of plant evolutionary ecology. The central themes of ecological dynamics and evolutionary differentiation are developed at two spatial scales: habitat variation across the landscape and biogeographic processes across the Mediterranean. The history of the Mediterranean region is at the heart of this account and is described within a triptych that links geological and climatic history to the advent and history of human activities. The Mediterranean region is a hotspot of plant biodiversity, a key ingredient of which is its richness in endemic species. A primary question motivating this book concerns the role of historical factors and spatial environmental variation in the evolution of endemism. The Mediterranean landscape is a mosaic of ecological conditions, often with variation over short distances. A second focus is on the ecological and historical factors that mediate dispersal, reproduction, and adaptive trait variation in this mosaic landscape. With an ever-growing human footprint on the Mediterranean region, this book addresses a third major theme concerning the vulnerability and conservation of the flora. Alongside a traditional approach to rare species and protected area management, the book argues for the integration of the loss of evolutionary potential as a priority in conservation policy and practice. This accessible text is aimed at students and researchers in plant evolution, ecology, biogeography, and conservation science. It will be of interest to scientists and natural history societies worldwide.
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Lane, Christel. Eating Out in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Changes in Food and in Social Identities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826187.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the impact of rapid urbanization and industrialization on food and eating out. It draws attention to the growing standardization of food and, with greater class differentiation, to the growing diversity in eating-out venues. Class, gender, and nation are again used as lenses to understand the different eating-out habits and their symbolic significance. Towards the end of the twentieth century, pubs moved more fully towards embracing dining. However, the quality of food, in general terms, began to improve significantly only towards the end of the century, and hospitality venues also moved towards selling food from diverse national origins.
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Novakovic, Andreja. Hegel’s Anthropology. Edited by Dean Moyar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355228.013.19.
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This chapter considers Hegel’s Anthropology from two points of view. First, it asks how the Anthropology fits into the developmental process presented in the Encyclopedia at large, specifically into the emergence of consciousness and the achievement of individuation. This is Hegel’s primary systematic aim: to explain how the cultivation of certain subjective capacities contributed to the differentiation between subject and object that is distinctive of consciousness and necessary for individuation. But the chapter also shows that this is not Hegel’s only interest in these capacities. Second, it asks how the Anthropology fits into the subsequent domain of Objective Spirit, and thus to what extent it is written from a “pragmatic point of view,” with an eye to the realization of those capacities in the context of ethical life. Here it focuses specifically on Hegel’s anthropological account of habit and its application to the habit of the ethical.
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Hayward, Tim. Ecological Space. Edited by Stephen M. Gardiner and Allen Thompson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.013.31.
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Ethical implications of the concept of ecological space can be drawn from the focus it brings to issues arising from the finitude and vulnerability of habitats. An evident ethical concern is that each person should have sufficient access to support at least a minimally decent life. The demands placed by the world’s human population on its ecological space, however, are such that some members do not have enough of it for their health and well-being. One aspect of this problem is the finitude of the earth’s aggregate biophysical capacity; another is that some humans make vastly more use of the planet’s ecological space than others do. In relation to the normative assessment and regulation of human activities, I recommend differentiating between using, occupying, and commanding ecological space. It is in relation to these activities that deontic categories—of prescription, proscription and permission—can be applied.
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D’Andrea, Antonello, André La Gerche, and Christine Selton-Suty. Systemic disease and other conditions: athlete’s heart. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0055.
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The term ‘athlete’s heart’ refers to the structural, functional, and electrical adaptations that occur as a result of habitual exercise training. It is characterized by an increase of the internal chamber dimensions and wall thickness of both atria and ventricles. The athlete’s right ventricle also undergoes structural, functional, and electrical remodelling as a result of intense exercise training. Some research suggests that the haemodynamic stress of intense exercise is greater for the right heart and, as a result, right heart remodelling is slightly more profound when compared with the left heart. Echocardiography is the primary tool for the assessment of morphological and functional features of athlete’s heart and facilitates differentiation between physiological and pathological LV hypertrophy. Doppler myocardial and strain imaging can give additional information to the standard indices of global systolic and diastolic function and in selected cases cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may help in the diagnosis of specific myocardial diseases among athletes such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
Book chapters on the topic "Habitat differentiation"
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Kabisch, Sigrun, Dirk Heinrichs, Kerstin Krellenberg, Juliane Welz, Jorge Rodriguez Vignoli, Francisco Sabatini, and Alejandra Rasse. "Socio-spatial Differentiation: Drivers, Risks and Opportunities." In Risk Habitat Megacity, 155–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11544-8_8.
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Morishima, H. "Habitat, Genetic Structure and Dynamics of Perennial and Annual Populations of the Asian Wild Rice Oryza perennis." In Genetic Differentiation and Dispersal in Plants, 179–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70837-4_12.
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Valero, M., and I. Olivieri. "Adjacent Populations of Cocksfoot (Dactylis Glomerata L.): A Detailed Study of Allozyme Variation across Contrasting Habitats." In Genetic Differentiation and Dispersal in Plants, 339–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70837-4_22.
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Fleury, Vincent, and Richard Gordon. "Coupling of Growth, Differentiation and Morphogenesis: An Integrated Approach to Design in Embryogenesis." In Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, 385–428. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4156-0_22.
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Robinson, John H., and Walter S. Pritchard. "Differentiating Habits and Addictions: The Evidence That Nicotine is Not ’Addictive’." In Effects of Nicotine on Biological Systems II, 273–78. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7445-8_35.
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"Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques." In Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques, edited by Frank J. Rahel. American Fisheries Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874141.ch15.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Widespread introduction of common species coupled with extirpation of endemic species can cause fish assemblages to lose much of their regional uniqueness. This process of biotic homogenization contrasts with biotic differentiation, whereby initially similar fish faunas diverge due to introductions of different species. The relative importance of homogenization and differentiation in altering fish faunas has been examined across the world. Synthesis of these studies indicates that homogenization of fish faunas has been widespread and that introductions, especially of sport fishes, have played a bigger role in altering fish faunas than extirpations. In the United States, pairs of states now average 15.4 more species in common than before European settlement. Additionally, the 89 pairs of states that formerly had no fish species in common now share an average of 25.2 species. While homogenization is prevalent at large spatial scales, differentiation of fish faunas is evident at intermediate spatial scales such as among watersheds within an ecoregion. This differentiation is largely the result of the idiosyncratic nature of fish introductions among individual lakes and streams. In general, translocated species (i.e., species that are native somewhere in the region but that have been moved to new locations) cause homogenization, whereas exotic species (species not native to the region) cause differentiation. Habitat and flow homogenization are major drivers of biotic homogenization because altered habitats create conditions that favor a few generalist species at the expense of more-specialized endemic species.
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Coss, Richard G. "Effects of Relaxed Natural Selection on the Evolution of Behavior." In Geographic Variation in Behavior. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195082951.003.0013.
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Theoretical discussion of the role of natural selection in shaping behavioral variation in different habitats has been an integral part of the study of animal behavior since the late 19th century. Herbert Spencer (1888) was among the first to argue that migrating populations that fail to adjust to environmental circumstances “are the first to disappear.” A common rationale for comparing populations or related species is the desire to identify behavioral differences that correspond with habitat properties providing different patterns of selection (Tuomi 1981, Riechert 1993, this volume). Behavioral similarities are often ignored or are treated as less interesting because the thrust of the research program emphasizes behavioral differences as an empirical test of the theory of natural selection. Nevertheless, these similarities can be as revealing of evolutionary process as are differences when they reflect behavioral convergence or slow disintegration of behavior under relaxed selection (Coss and Goldthwaite 1995). When populations invade novel habitats, they not only experience new selective regimes; they can also experience relaxed selection on specific behavioral phenotypes. This is particularly common when the new habitat is missing a class of predators that was abundant in the ancestral habitat (e.g., Curio 1975, Pressley 1981). Under relaxed selection, characters may disintegrate, presumably because mutations that result in loss of the phenotype are not at a selective disadvantage. Disintegration is not always observed, however. Instead, behavioral characters are sometimes retained for long periods of time after selection has been relaxed (Coss 1991b, Kaneshiro 1989). Inferring relaxed selection requires that the history of the contrasted populations be relatively well known. Both ancestral selective regimes and behavioral characters must be known if character polarity is to be established. Character polarity must be established to distinguish disintegration from parallel evolution of novel behavior patterns. This often is a problem in population contrasts because differentiation is usually too recent to have resulted in the evolution of enough derived characters for the use of standard cladistic methods of phylogenetic reconstruction, although recent advances in statistical and molecular techniques are promising (Foster 1994, Foster and Cameron 1996). Instead, inference of character polarity has typically relied on geological evidence and comparison with closely related species.
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Wohn, Donghee Yvette, Yu-Hao Lee, and Elif Yilmaz Ozkaya. "Social Contributors and Consequences of Habitual and Compulsive Game Play." In Internet and Technology Addiction, 362–81. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8900-6.ch021.
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This study examines the relationship between social motivations, pro-social relationship outcomes, and two types of game play—habitual and compulsive—in the context of simulation games on Facebook. Social motivations were significantly associated with compulsive game play, but not habitual game play. Compulsive play was a positive predictor of pro-social outcomes whereas habitual use was not. By differentiating two different types of media use that are both associated with problematic use, the authors see that social factors contribute to people's inability to control their gaming behavior, but that the so-called “addictive” behavior can also yield positive relationship outcomes.
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Wohn, Donghee Yvette, Yu-Hao Lee, and Elif Yilmaz Ozkaya. "Social Contributors and Consequences of Habitual and Compulsive Game Play." In Substance Abuse and Addiction, 343–62. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7666-2.ch018.
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This study examines the relationship between social motivations, pro-social relationship outcomes, and two types of game play—habitual and compulsive—in the context of simulation games on Facebook. Social motivations were significantly associated with compulsive game play, but not habitual game play. Compulsive play was a positive predictor of pro-social outcomes whereas habitual use was not. By differentiating two different types of media use that are both associated with problematic use, the authors see that social factors contribute to people's inability to control their gaming behavior, but that the so-called “addictive” behavior can also yield positive relationship outcomes.
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Mario C. D., Paganini. "Epigraphic Habits of Private Associations in the Ptolemaic Chora." In The Epigraphy of Ptolemaic Egypt, 179–207. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858225.003.0011.
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This chapter illustrates the ways in which Greek epigraphic habits developed in, or were adapted to, the local communities of Egypt, focusing in particular on the habits of associations in Ptolemaic Egypt, groups of private individuals who gathered—more or less of their own accord—for a variety of purposes and communal activities. The epigraphy of associations provides a wide range of text typologies and formats, illustrating the full potential of epigraphic practices. The discussion focuses on habits of associations in the chora of Ptolemaic Egypt, particularly the villages—that is to say, in places other than the three cities of Alexandria, Naukratis, and Ptolemais in the Thebaid. Consideration of the typology and format of inscriptions by associations in the chora will raise the question of socio-geographical differentiation and local variation, as well as the possible models (civic or not) for rural epigraphy. Furthermore, the impact that associations had on their local communities through their epigraphic habits, in particular on the visual landscape, is highlighted.
Conference papers on the topic "Habitat differentiation"
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Knop, Michael, Marius Mueller, Henrik Freude, Caroline Ressing, and Bjoern Niehaves. "Perceived limitations of telemedicine from a phenomenological perspective." In Enabling Technology for a Sustainable Society. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-362-3.9.
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In the course of healthcare digitization, the roles of therapists and patients are likely to change. To shape a theoretical based process of technological transformation, a phenomenological perspective on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is introduced. Therefore, this paper illustrates the benefit of a holistic view on patients and therapists to describe and explain phenomena concerning Human Technology Interaction (HTI). The differentiation between a measurable objective body and a habitual subjective body helps to evaluate and anticipate constituting factors of accepting telemedicine systems. Taking into account findings from a secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews we conducted with primary care physicians, we develop a phenomenological framework for HTI in healthcare. Our aim is to structure future research concerning design implications for ICT and the implementation of telemedicine systems in clinical and primary care.
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Martins, João. "Design of products to honor people post mortem." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3323.
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The cemeterial units, are places of social practices of everyday life and worship and the tomb where nostalgia can be externalized and the memory of the deceased revered. In Western societies we can find a category of artifacts meant to evoke the memory or honor the dead. In this paper we we mention three examples of products that enabled a reflection on the concepts that gave rise to their ways, and that risks to fit them into a new "material culture", in that it may have created a break with the traditional system codes and standards shared by companies, and its manifestations in relation to the physical creation of this category of products. This work offers a reflection on the Design Products.What probably makes it special is the field where it is located: the design of products in one post mortem memory. Usually made of granite rock or marble, have the form of plate or tablet, open book or rolled sheet. On one side have a photograph of the person who intend to honor and inscriptions. The thought of inherent design of this work put on one side the intricate set of emotions that this type of product can generate, and other components more affordable, and concerning the form, function and object interactions with users and with use environments. In the definition of the problem it was regarded as mandatory requirements: differentiation, added value and durability as key objectives.The first two should be manifested in the various components / product attributes. The aesthetic and material/structural durability of product necessarily imply the introduction of qualifying terms and quantitative weights, which positively influence the generation and evaluation of concepts based on the set of 10 principles for the project that originated a matrix as a tool to aid designing products. The concrete definition of a target audience was equally important. At this stage, the collaboration of other experts in the fields of psychology and sociology as disciplines with particular ability to understand individuals and social phenomena respectively was crucial. It was concluded that a product design to honor someone post mortem, should abandon the more traditional habits and customs to focus on identifying new audiences. Although at present it can be considered a niche market, it is believed that in the future may grow as well as their interest in this type of products.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3323
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Karakin, V. P. "ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ ПРИБРЕЖНЫХ РАЙОНОВ ТИХООКЕАНСКОЙ РОССИИ (ТР): МЕЛКОМАСШТАБНАЯ ТИПОЛОГИЯ." In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.14.76.005.
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Оценки изменчивости географической среды крупных регионов одно из традиционных направлений Географии. При этом ряд исследователей, экологогеографического направления считают, что в настоящее время изучение нарушенности естественных экосистем (геосистем) одна из базовых проблем Географии. Состояние земельного покрова является одной из наиболее информативных характеристик при оценке изменений географической среды масштабных географических объектов. Относительно легко фиксируемый, лежащий на (земной) поверхности аспект трансформации естественных экосистем/геосистем это изменение структуры земельного покрова и связанной с этим системы землепользования. Практическая реализация данного подхода для мелкомасштабной оценки крупных регионов предполагает использование информации о состоянии земельного покрова, которая отвечает ряду требований. Информация должна быть, в первых однородной по методу получения, во вторых систематически обновляться. В большинстве стран этим требованиям отвечает в максимальной мере информация, которую продуцируют структуры ответственные за ведение Государственного Земельного Кадастра. В России это Росреестр в Канаде Canada Land Inventory, в КНР Ministry of Land and Resources of the Peoples Republic of China и др. Для формирования генерализованного представления о земельном покрове важен метод интеграции земельноресурсной информации, которая может быть получена при использовании данных Государственного земельного Кадастра. При мелкомасштабной характеристике земельных ресурсов береговой зоны Тихоокеанской России использовался метод выделения типов структур земельных ресурсов по административным районам на основании данных Государственного Земельного Кадастра. Monitoring and studying the dynamics of the state of the geographical space is a traditional direction of geographical research, which is carried out at various scale levels. In contemporary conditions, with the intensification of the processes of degradation of natural ecosystems (landscapes), the study of the disturbance of natural ecosystems and dynamics of habitats is becoming increasingly important, especially at the smallscale level. The state of land cover is one of the most informative characteristics in assessing changes in the geographic environment in the course of smallscale geographical assessments. Changes in the structure of land cover and the associated land use system are reflected in the state land inventory statistics. Practical implementation of a smallscale assessment of large regions involves the use of information on the state of land cover, which meets several requirements. Firstly, information should be homogeneous according to the method of its sourcing secondly it should be systematically updated. In most countries, the information produced by the institutions responsible for maintaining the state land inventory meets these requirements. It is Rosreestr in Russia, Canada Land Inventory in Canada, Ministry of Land and Resources in the Peoples Republic of China, and so on. Smallscale assessments of lands means a creation of a generalized image of the land cover of the study area, which can be based on integration of available landresource data from the State Land Inventory. Smallscale characteristics of land resources by administrative districts were used to define various types of land resources patterns in coastal areas of Pacific Russia. Selecting the enlarged types of land resource patterns enables to create an overview map that reflects the general patterns of the spatial differentiation of land cover of the area under study.
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Karakin, V. P. "ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ ПРИБРЕЖНЫХ РАЙОНОВ ТИХООКЕАНСКОЙ РОССИИ (ТР): МЕЛКОМАСШТАБНАЯ ТИПОЛОГИЯ." In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33833/tig.2019.14.76.005.
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Оценки изменчивости географической среды крупных регионов одно из традиционных направлений Географии. При этом ряд исследователей, экологогеографического направления считают, что в настоящее время изучение нарушенности естественных экосистем (геосистем) одна из базовых проблем Географии. Состояние земельного покрова является одной из наиболее информативных характеристик при оценке изменений географической среды масштабных географических объектов. Относительно легко фиксируемый, лежащий на (земной) поверхности аспект трансформации естественных экосистем/геосистем это изменение структуры земельного покрова и связанной с этим системы землепользования. Практическая реализация данного подхода для мелкомасштабной оценки крупных регионов предполагает использование информации о состоянии земельного покрова, которая отвечает ряду требований. Информация должна быть, в первых однородной по методу получения, во вторых систематически обновляться. В большинстве стран этим требованиям отвечает в максимальной мере информация, которую продуцируют структуры ответственные за ведение Государственного Земельного Кадастра. В России это Росреестр в Канаде Canada Land Inventory, в КНР Ministry of Land and Resources of the Peoples Republic of China и др. Для формирования генерализованного представления о земельном покрове важен метод интеграции земельноресурсной информации, которая может быть получена при использовании данных Государственного земельного Кадастра. При мелкомасштабной характеристике земельных ресурсов береговой зоны Тихоокеанской России использовался метод выделения типов структур земельных ресурсов по административным районам на основании данных Государственного Земельного Кадастра. Monitoring and studying the dynamics of the state of the geographical space is a traditional direction of geographical research, which is carried out at various scale levels. In contemporary conditions, with the intensification of the processes of degradation of natural ecosystems (landscapes), the study of the disturbance of natural ecosystems and dynamics of habitats is becoming increasingly important, especially at the smallscale level. The state of land cover is one of the most informative characteristics in assessing changes in the geographic environment in the course of smallscale geographical assessments. Changes in the structure of land cover and the associated land use system are reflected in the state land inventory statistics. Practical implementation of a smallscale assessment of large regions involves the use of information on the state of land cover, which meets several requirements. Firstly, information should be homogeneous according to the method of its sourcing secondly it should be systematically updated. In most countries, the information produced by the institutions responsible for maintaining the state land inventory meets these requirements. It is Rosreestr in Russia, Canada Land Inventory in Canada, Ministry of Land and Resources in the Peoples Republic of China, and so on. Smallscale assessments of lands means a creation of a generalized image of the land cover of the study area, which can be based on integration of available landresource data from the State Land Inventory. Smallscale characteristics of land resources by administrative districts were used to define various types of land resources patterns in coastal areas of Pacific Russia. Selecting the enlarged types of land resource patterns enables to create an overview map that reflects the general patterns of the spatial differentiation of land cover of the area under study.