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Journal articles on the topic 'Habit in Consumption'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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1

de Bruijn, Gert-Jan, Mario Keer, Mark Conner, and Ryan E. Rhodes. "Using implicit associations towards fruit consumption to understand fruit consumption behaviour and habit strength relationships." Journal of Health Psychology 17, no. 4 (October 5, 2011): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105311421049.

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An implicit association test (IAT) was used to investigate how habit strength, implicit attitudes and fruit consumption interrelate. Fifty-two participants completed a computerized IAT and provided measures of fruit consumption and related habit strength. Implicit attitudes moderated the habit strength—fruit consumption relationship; stronger relationships were observed when implicit attitudes were more positive. Amongst those with strong fruit habits, more positive associations with fruit were found for those who had recently consumed sufficient fruits compared to those who had not. Findings demonstrate the relevance of implicit positive associations in understanding the relationship between fruit consumption habits and subsequent fruit consumption.

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2

Safi, Fatma. "OUTWARD HABITS AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN AN OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS MODEL." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 6, no. 1 (March 2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe120.

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Outward habit formation affects consumption decisions. Since consumption displays a negative environmental externality, outward habits has as well an (adverse) effect on the environment. This research paper centers around the theoretical linkage between the combination of both externalities (environmental deterioration and outward habits). The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of outward habits on the state of the environment in the context of an overlapping generations economy. In our study, environmental quality is a public good negatively aﬀected by consumption activity and positively aﬀected by maintenance investment. With outward habit formation, the build-up level of average past consumption in the economy at large influences the current utility of an individual consumer. Thus, individuals draw utility not only from their own level of current consumption, but also from its level relative to the average consumption in the economy. How does outward habit influence the state of the environment? We analyze this question using an overlapping generations model with outward habit and environmental quality in the utility function. In steady state equilibrium allocation, we show that whether outward habits are destructive to the environment depends on the degrees of outward habit formation and the size of the economy.

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3

Carter, Sheryl. "Breaking The Consumption Habit." Electricity Journal 14, no. 10 (December 2001): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6190(01)00255-x.

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4

Ohida, Noriyasu, Yuichiro Otsuka, Yoshitaka Kaneita, Sachi Nakagome, Maki Jike, Osamu Itani, and Takashi Ohida. "Factors Related to Alcohol Consumption Among Japanese Physicians." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 30, no. 3 (February 18, 2018): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539518754539.

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This study aimed to investigate the drinking habits of Japanese physicians, and clarify their causal factors. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 6000 male and 1500 female physicians, selected from among members of the Japan Medical Association. We analyzed the correlation of drinking habits with age, medical department, smoking and exercise status, work environment, sleep problems, and mental health. The response rate was 79.4%. Physicians with a heavy drinking habit were most frequently men in their 60s and women in their 20s to 50s. Drinking or heavy drinking tendencies decreased with increasing age. Smoking status was correlated with heavy drinking. Exercise status was correlated with drinking among men, and drinking/heavy drinking among women. Mental health was not correlated with drinking habit. However, sleep problems were correlated with a heavy drinking habit. These results suggest that countermeasures need to be taken to decrease the rate of heavy drinking among physicians.

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5

Chapman, David A. "Habit Formation and Aggregate Consumption." Econometrica 66, no. 5 (September 1998): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2999635.

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6

Alessie, Rob, and Annamaria Lusardi. "Consumption, saving and habit formation." Economics Letters 55, no. 1 (August 1997): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(97)00061-x.

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7

Messinis, George, Ólan Henry, and Nilss Olekalns. "Rational habit modification in consumption." Economic Modelling 19, no. 4 (August 2002): 665–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-9993(01)00070-0.

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8

Chetty, Raj, and Adam Szeidl. "Consumption Commitments and Habit Formation." Econometrica 84, no. 2 (2016): 855–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta9390.

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9

Dynan, Karen E. "Habit Formation in Consumer Preferences: Evidence from Panel Data." American Economic Review 90, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.3.391.

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This paper tests for the presence of habit formation using household data. A simple model of habit formation implies a condition relating the strength of habits to the evolution of consumption over time. When the condition is estimated with food consumption data from the Panel Study on Income Dynamics (PSID), the results yield no evidence of habit formation at the annual frequency. This finding is robust to a number of changes in the specification. It also holds for several proxies for nondurables and services consumption created by combining PSID variables with weights estimated from Consumer Expenditure Survey data. (JEL D12, D91, E21)

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10

Schäfer, Andreas, and Simone Valente. "HABIT FORMATION, DYNASTIC ALTRUISM, AND POPULATION DYNAMICS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 15, no. 3 (April 7, 2010): 365–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136510051000009x.

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We study the general equilibrium properties of two growth models with overlapping generations, habit formation, and endogenous fertility. In the neoclassical model, habits modify the economy's growth rate and generate transitional dynamics in fertility; stationary income per capita is associated with either increasing or decreasing population and output, depending on the strength of habits. In the AK specification, growing population and increasing consumption per capita require that the habit coefficient lie within definite boundaries; outside the critical interval, positive growth is associated with either declining consumption due to overcrowding, or extinction paths with declining population. In both frameworks, habits reduce fertility: the trade-off between second-period consumption and spending for bequests prompts agents to decrease fertility in order to make parental altruism less costly. This mechanism suggests that status-dependent preferences may explain part of the decline in fertility rates observed in most developed economies.

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11

Brown, Daniel J., Jessica Charlesworth, Martin S. Hagger, and Kyra Hamilton. "A Dual-Process Model Applied to Two Health-Promoting Nutrition Behaviours." Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11120170.

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We tested a dual process model incorporating constructs that reflect both performing the target behaviour (behaviour directed habit) and habits that run counter to the target behaviour (opposing behaviour habit) in accounting for variance in two health behaviours: eating the recommended serves of fruits and vegetables a day and restricting sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. A prospective correlational design with two waves of data collection separated by one week was adopted. Participants (N = 606) comprising middle school students (n = 266) and university students (n = 340) completed an initial survey comprising self-report measures of past behaviour, intention, and habit to perform the target behaviour and habits that run counter to the target behaviour. One week later, participants (N = 414) completed a self-reported measure of behaviour. Results revealed that behaviour directed habits predicted fruit and vegetable consumption in both samples, while opposing behaviour habits predicted restriction of sugar-sweetened beverages in the middle-school sample only, with a moderating effect also observed. Current findings indicate that habits specifying avoidance of the target behaviour did not predict future behaviour. However, the moderating effect observed provides preliminary evidence that strong habits to perform a behaviour may override habit to avoid the behaviour.

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12

Li, Yuming. "The Wealth-Consumption Ratio and the Consumption-Habit Ratio." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 23, no. 2 (April 2005): 226–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/073500104000000361.

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13

Cheng, Bing, and Xianhua Wei. "Portfolio and consumption decisions with the consumption habit constraints." Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 63, no. 5-7 (November 2005): e2335-e2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2005.03.007.

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14

Khanal, Kishor, and Jagadish Chataut. "Association between Alcohol Consumption and Smoking Habit in the General Population of Rural Nepalese Community." Annals of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 3, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/acclm.v3i1.17719.

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Background: Various studies have shown that alcohol consumption and smoking habits are complementary and associated behavior for each other, and these behaviours are influenced by socio-cultural and socio-demographic factors.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on 2013 among 648 general people of rural community of Ramechap district, Nepal. Questionnaires were used to collect information on age, gender, smoking habit, alcohol consumption habit and occupation. Frequency, percentage as well as mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated as descriptive statistics. To measure the association between alcohol consumption and explanatory variables ( i.e. sex, smoking habit and occupation), we used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to calculate unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios(aORs) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI).Results: Alcohol consumption was found to be associated with different explanatory variables as follows : smoking habit (Yes: aOR =3.90, 95%CI = 2.58, 5.92), sex (Male: aOR = 3.64, 95%CI = 2.27, 5.82), occupation (house wife: aOR = 0.79, 95%CI =0.44, 1.43; teacher: aOR = 1.88, 95%CI = 0.68, 5.24; government service: aOR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.11, 3.59; and others: aOR = 0.61, 95%CI = 0.25, 1.47).Conclusions: Our findings showed an association between alcohol consumption and smoking habit among the population under study.

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15

Givens, Gregory E. "A NOTE ON COMPARING DEEP AND AGGREGATE HABIT FORMATION IN AN ESTIMATED NEW KEYNESIAN MODEL." Macroeconomic Dynamics 19, no. 5 (January 9, 2014): 1148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100513000734.

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Habit formation is a fixture of contemporary new Keynesian models. The vast majority assume that agents form habits strictly over consumption of an aggregate good, leaving open the question of whether it might be preferable to have them form habits over differentiated products instead–an arrangement known as deep habits. I answer this question by estimating a model that nests both habit concepts as special cases. Estimates reveal that the data favor a specification in which consumption habits are stronger at the product level than at the aggregate level. A mix of significance tests and simulation results indicate that including deep habits greatly improves model fit, most notably with regard to inflation dynamics.

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16

Czibolya, Anita. "Examination of Foie Gras Consumption Habit." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2015.1.18-24.

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The goose liver is a special product produced by the force-fattened geese. The manufacturing process has thousands of years of history, which has grown to be a key sector for Hungary. First, we intended to get to know the producers side on force-feeding of geese in the past and present during our research – this serves as a basis of structured interviews with 10 workers in the administrating sector. On the other side, we investigated the consumers’ habits and opinions in relation with goose liver with a questionnaire. The first set of questions was directed specifically to consumer habits, including how often the product is consumed and why it is so. The second set of questions was intended to assess the knowledge on the process and other topic-related issues. Finally, we could establish that this type of products called ‘hungaricum’ is very important for Hungary because of the export and it also provides the basis for many farmers.

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17

Seckin, Aylin. "Consumption–leisure choice with habit formation." Economics Letters 70, no. 1 (January 2001): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(00)00330-x.

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18

LI, Y., and M. ZHONG. "Consumption habit and international stock returns." Journal of Banking & Finance 29, no. 3 (March 2005): 579–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4266(04)00049-4.

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19

Leigh, J. Paul, and James F. Fries. "Associations among Healthy Habits, Age, Gender, and Education in a Sample of Retirees." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 36, no. 2 (March 1993): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/elmx-wxgj-7hqn-an18.

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In this exploratory and descriptive study, data are drawn from a sample of 1,864 Bank of America retirees collected in 1987 to investigate correlations among healthy habits, age, gender, and education. Findings include: 1) Health habits are strongly and positively associated with each other and negatively associated with unhealthy habits. 2) Age is statistically significant and positively associated with fiber, fat consumption, and lack of exercise, but negative associated with cigarette use. 3) Women are more likely than men to smoke, use seat belts, and eat foods high in fiber. Men are more likely than women to exercise and drink excessively. 4) Education is statistically significant and positively associated only with fiber in the diet and no other habit. 5) Fiber consumption emerges as the healthy habit most consistently associated with all other habits.

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20

Perali, Federico, and Luca Piccoli. "An Extended Theory of Rational Addiction." Mathematics 10, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10152652.

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This study extends the rational addiction theory by introducing an endogenous discounting of future utilities. The discount rate depends on habits accumulating over time because of the repeated consumption of an addictive good. The endogeneity of the discount rate affects consumption decisions via a habit-dependent rate of time preference and discloses a patience-dependence trade-off. The existence of a steady state in which habits do not grow and its optimality are proven. The local stability properties of the steady state reveal that the equilibrium can be a saddle node, implying smooth convergence to the steady state, but also a stable or unstable focus, potentially predicting real-world behaviors such as binge drinking or extreme addiction states that may drive to death. The stability of the steady state mostly depends on the habit formation process, suggesting that heterogeneity in habit formation may be a key component to explain heterogeneity in time preferences.

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21

Price, David W., and Conrad Gislason. "Identification of habit in Japanese food consumption." Agricultural Economics 24, no. 3 (March 2001): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00030.x.

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22

Alonso-Carrera, Jaime, Jordi Caballe, and Xavier Raurich. "Consumption Externalities, Habit Formation and Equilibrium Efficiency*." Scandinavian Journal of Economics 106, no. 2 (June 2004): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0347-0520.2004.00357.x.

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23

Ferson, Wayne E., and George M. Constantinides. "Habit persistence and durability in aggregate consumption." Journal of Financial Economics 29, no. 2 (October 1991): 199–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-405x(91)90002-2.

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24

Albery, Ian P., Isabelle Collins, Antony C. Moss, Daniel Frings, and Marcantonio M. Spada. "Habit predicts in-the-moment alcohol consumption." Addictive Behaviors 41 (February 2015): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.025.

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25

Detemple, Jerome B., and Fernando Zapatero. "Optimal Consumption-Portfolio Policies With Habit Formation." Mathematical Finance 2, no. 4 (October 1992): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1992.tb00032.x.

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26

Havranek, Tomas, Marek Rusnak, and Anna Sokolova. "Habit formation in consumption: A meta-analysis." European Economic Review 95 (June 2017): 142–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.03.009.

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27

Corrado, Luisa, and Sean Holly. "Multiplicative habit formation and consumption: A note." Economics Letters 113, no. 2 (November 2011): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.06.002.

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Saputri, Mentari Indah, Lailatul Muniroh, and Sobhita Paramita. "CORRELATION BETWEEN FAT CONSUMPTION, SMOKING HABIT, AND STRESS WITH HYPERTENSION AMONG DRIVERS." Media Gizi Indonesia 15, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v15i3.152-158.

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Hypertension is one of major health problem that aff ect many people. Driver is one of the jobs that could cause hypertension due to the surrounding environment which support unhealthy lifestyles such as consuming excessive fat, smoking habit and susceptible to stress. The purpose of this research was to analyze the correlation between fat consumption, smoking habit, and stress with hypertension among drivers. This research was an observational study using cross sectional design. The samples were 74 male drivers taken by accidental sampling. The respondent was chosen around Juanda Airport Sidoarjo. The data were collected by measuring blood pressure using digital sphygmomanometer and interview using questionnaire, Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and The Workplace Stress Scale. The data then analyzed using Pearson and Spearman Correlation test. The results of this research showed that stress (P=0,000; r=0,830) had strongest correlation with hypertension among drivers compared to two other variables, fat consumption (P=0,000 ; r=0,689) and smoking habits (P=0,004 ; r=0,331). This study concludes that excessive fat consumption, smoking habit 11-20 cigarettes/day, moderate and severe stress levels can increase the risk of hypertension among drivers. Drivers should adjust to reduce consumption of fried foods, smoking habit, and stress with suffi cient rest ± 7-8 hours/day to prevent the occurrence of hypertension among drivers.

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Dai, Qiang, and Olesya V. Grishchenko. "An Empirical Investigation of Consumption-Based Asset Pricing Models with Stochastic Habit Formation." Quarterly Journal of Finance 04, no. 01 (March 2014): 1450005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139214500050.

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We econometrically estimate and test a consumption-based asset pricing model with stochastic internal habit. The model departs from existing deterministic internal habit models by introducing shocks to the coefficients in the distributed lag specification of consumption habit and consequently an additional shock to the marginal rate of substitution. Habit shocks are persistent and provide an additional source of time variation in expected returns. Using returns on aggregate market and Treasury bond portfolios, we show that stochastic internal habit models provide a better explanation of time variation in expected returns than models with either deterministic habit or stochastic external habit.

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Santoso, Imam, Susinggih Wijana, Afita Ismawati, and Wenny Bekti Sunarharum. "Relationship between Hedonic Hunger and Health Interest on Habit and Sodium Intake Patterns in Food Consumption." International Journal of Food Science 2019 (July 22, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9517140.

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Many people are motivated to eat healthily but find it difficult to override established and less healthy habits. Habits, by their nature, are unconscious and cued by the environment, thus making them powerful determinants of behavior. This study examined how hedonic hunger and health interest are related to habit and whether sodium consumption is mediated by hedonic hunger, health interest, and habit. A total of 117 students of Universitas Brawijaya took part in the study. Data analysis were done using Partial Least Square (PLS) and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). PLS was used to analyze the influence of the relationship between independent and dependent variables. SQ-FFQ was used to determine sodium intake in grams/day. The average sodium intake in this study was 2.47 grams/day. This analysis shows that hedonic hunger and health interest had a significant impact on health habits but not on sodium intake.

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31

Shi, Ailing, Xingyi Li, and Zhongfei Li. "Optimal Investment, Consumption, and Life Insurance Choices with Habit Formation and Inflation Risk." Complexity 2022 (January 27, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3440037.

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This research studies the optimal consumption, investment, and life insurance choices for a wage earner with habit formation, inflation risk, and mortality risk. The wage earner has access to a risk-free asset, an index bond, and a stock in a financial market. The index bond hedges inflation risk, while life insurance hedges mortality risk. The aim of the wage earner is to maximize the expected utility of consumption, bequest, and terminal wealth, where the utility of consumption comes from the part of the consumption that exceeds a minimum consumption requirement given by the habit level. By using the dynamic programming method, we provide and prove a verification theorem and obtain closed-form expressions for the value function, the optimal life insurance premium rate, and the optimal investment and consumption strategies. Numerical results reveal that habit formation and mortality force change play important roles in the financial behaviors of the wage earner. Especially, the impacts of the expected inflation rate and consumption habit on the optimal strategies are mutual restraint; increasing mortality force raises the demand for life insurance; and the effects of other parameters are also affected by consumption habit and mortality force change.

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Malhotra, Akshi, Akif Ali, Arpita Dikshit, Sanchi Kamra, Arjun Singh Verma, and Tamanna Soni. "Smoking among dental students: consumption and risk factors." Southeast Asian Journal of Health Professional 5, no. 3 (October 15, 2022): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.sajhp.2022.015.

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As the populations of age groups of 16-18 years continue to indulge in smoking as a lifestyle habit, it becomes more important to understand the reasoning behind the same. Therefore, Dental professionals act as the first line of defence towards finding the right solution. A clear understanding of the prevalence of smoking among dental students is necessary in order to understand the attitudes and perspective of such a young adult studying in a dental college. The aim of this study is to analyse the smoking habits among students of dental colleges and try to gauge a deeper knowledge about their outlook. The present study was conducted through a survey-based questionnaire prepares on Google Forms to assess the prevalence of smoking, knowledge and attitudes about the habit of a group of 150 dental college students ranging from first year to internship. Survey data was first collated in Microsoft Excel, and thereafter analysed using statistical methods such as Pivot Table Technique, Subtotal Formula, Ratio Analysis, averages, weighted percentages and mean calculations. It was concluded that a need for a smoke- free campus, stricter restrictions against smoking in campus and counselling for the users of cigarettes is necessitated.

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Diliprao, Podutwar Priyanka, GS Madhushankari, KP Mohankumar, SB Praveen, and Pramod Redder Chandrappa. "Prevalence of Tobacco Habits in Dental Outpatients." CODS Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 1 (2016): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10063-0003.

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ABSTRACT Background Tobacco usage in any form has devastating effects on the health of the person including oral and pharyngeal cancer, which is one of the major causes of death. Aim This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco consumption in various forms among dental outpatients. Materials and methods Patients reporting to the outpatient department of the College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Bengaluru, India, were evaluated for the presence or absence of habit. Habit history was recorded using standardized proforma from every patient, and the obtained data was assessed in relation to age, gender, duration of habit, and frequency of tobacco consumption. Results Among the 507 study participants, habits were present in 115 (22.68%), among which 101 (87.82%) were males and 14 (12.17%) were females. Among males, raw tobacco chewing and gutkha chewing had equal prevalence [25 (21.73%)] followed by cigarette smoking [23 (20%)]. In females, tobacco chewing [10 (8.69%)] was the most common habit and none of them smoked tobacco. Habits were more prevalent between the age group of 16 and 30 years. The results were found to be highly significant on applying chi-square test. Conclusion Higher prevalence of tobacco usage among the study population as compared with other studies needs to be addressed and counseled. How to cite this article Diliprao PP, Madhushankari GS, Mohankumar KP, Praveen SB, Chandrappa PR, Nandini DB. Prevalence of Tobacco Habits in Dental Outpatients. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):9-11.

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34

Gomes, Fábio Augusto Reis, and João Victor Issler. "TESTING CONSUMPTION OPTIMALITY USING AGGREGATE DATA." Macroeconomic Dynamics 21, no. 5 (January 18, 2016): 1119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100515000085.

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This paper tests the optimality of consumption decisions at the aggregate level, taking into account popular deviations from the canonical constant-relative-risk-aversion (CRRA) utility function model—rule of thumb and habit. First, we provide extensive empirical evidence of the inappropriateness of linearization and testing strategies using Euler equations for consumption—a drawback for standard rule-of-thumb tests. Second, we propose a novel approach to testing for consumption optimality in this context: nonlinear estimation coupled with return aggregation, where rule-of-thumb behavior and habit are special cases of an all-encompassing model. We estimated 48 Euler equations using GMM. At the 5% level, we only rejected optimality twice out of 48 times. Moreover, out of 24 regressions, we found the rule-of-thumb parameter to be statistically significant only twice. Hence, lack of optimality in consumption decisions represent the exception, not the rule. Finally, we found the habit parameter to be statistically significant on four occasions out of 24.

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35

Fuhrer, Jeffrey C. "Habit Formation in Consumption and Its Implications for Monetary-Policy Models." American Economic Review 90, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 367–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.3.367.

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This paper explores a monetary-policy model with habit formation for consumers, in which consumers' utility depends in part on current consumption relative to past consumption. The empirical tests developed in the paper show that one can reject the hypothesis of no habit formation with tremendous confidence, largely because the habit-formation model captures the gradual hump-shaped response of real spending to various shocks. The paper then embeds the habit-consumption specification in a monetary-policy model and finds that the responses of both spending and inflation to monetary-policy actions are significantly improved by this modification. (JEL D12, E52, E43)

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Puspitasari, Ayu Astari. "RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION ADULT 20-44 YEARS AT COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER OF KAWATUNA, CITY OF PALU." Ghidza: Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan 2, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/gjgk.v2i2.11259.

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Background & Objective: Hypertension is a serious public health problem that closes to a high prevalence. It has already killed 1.5 million people every year in South East Asia. Public health centre Kawatuna is public health centre which has the highest prevalence in 2006 from 13 public health centers in Palu. The study aims at finding out the habit of consuming fruits and vegetables, habit of consuming coffee, habit of smoking and BMI (Body Mass Index) as a risk factor of hypertension occurrence in the age of 20-44 years old in Public Health Centre Kawatuna Palu. Material and Methods: This was a case control study. Sample drawn for case group used total sampling whereas for control group used purposive sampling. Results: Consumption of fruits and vegetables was a risk factor for hypertension (OR = 3,381 (1,840-6,214)), coffee consumption was a risk factor for hypertension (OR = 2,234 (1,102-4,532)), BMI was a risk factor for hypertension (OR = 3,474 (1,820-6,629)) and smoking habits are risk factors for hypertension but not significant (OR = 1,725 (0,680-4,380)) . Conclusion: Habit of lack of consuming fruit and vegetable, habit of over consuming coffee and IMT >25 kg/m2 are the risk factors of hypertension occurrence

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37

Li, Tongtong, Shibo Wang, and Jinqiang Yang. "Robust consumption and portfolio choices with habit formation." Economic Modelling 98 (May 2021): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2021.03.001.

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38

Bernasconi, Michele, Rosella Levaggi, and Francesco Menoncin. "Dynamic Tax Evasion with Habit Formation in Consumption*." Scandinavian Journal of Economics 122, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 966–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12365.

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39

Smith, William T. "Consumption and saving with habit formation and durability." Economics Letters 75, no. 3 (May 2002): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(02)00012-5.

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Dubra, Juan, Martín Egozcue, and Luis Fuentes García. "Optimal consumption sequences under habit formation and satiation." Journal of Mathematical Economics 80 (January 2019): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2018.11.004.

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Ding, Yulian, Michele M. Veeman, and Wiktor L. Adamowicz. "Habit, BSE, and the Dynamics of Beef Consumption." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 59, no. 3 (November 23, 2010): 337–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.2010.01205.x.

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Bach, Christian, and Stig V. Møller. "Habit-based asset pricing with limited participation consumption." Journal of Banking & Finance 35, no. 11 (November 2011): 2891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.03.014.

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van Bilsen, Servaas, A. Lans Bovenberg, and Roger J. A. Laeven. "Consumption and Portfolio Choice under Internal Multiplicative Habit Formation." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 55, no. 7 (September 27, 2019): 2334–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109019000772.

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This paper explores the optimal consumption and investment behavior of an individual who derives utility from the ratio between his consumption and an endogenous habit. We obtain closed-form policies under general utility functionals and stochastic investment opportunities by developing a nontrivial linearization to the budget constraint. This enables us to explicitly characterize how habit formation affects the marginal propensity to consume and optimal stock–bond investments. We also show that in a setting that combines habit formation with Epstein–Zin utility, consumption no longer grows at unrealistically high rates at high ages and investments in risky assets decrease.

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Wang, Saerom. "A Conceptualization of Tourists’ Food Behavior from a Habit Perspective." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 2662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032662.

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This research aims to conceptually delineate how tourists make food consumption decisions in line with their home habits and why they may or may not follow their habitual trajectory. Grounded in an extensive review of the existing literature, concepts of habit and food behavior are synthesized to outline a series of propositions in explaining tourists’ food behavior from the habit perspective. Subsequently, a conceptual model is proposed for tourists’ food behavior and habits. Habit enacting factors have been identified in explicating the underlying processes through which tourists make food choices in line with their habits. This article highlights how tourists’ food behavior while on a trip can be dependent on their habitual food behavior at home. The findings of this research not only contribute to expanding the understanding regarding characteristics of habitual behavior that have been studied under limited contexts, but also establishes a theoretically valuable extension of prior research on tourists’ food behavior.

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Fuhrer, Jeffrey C., and Michael W. Klein. "Risky Habits: on Risk Sharing, Habit Formation, and the Interpretation of International Consumption Correlations." Review of International Economics 14, no. 4 (September 2006): 722–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2006.00616.x.

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Li, Peter J., Jiang Sun, and Dezhi Yu. "Dog “Meat” Consumption in China." Society & Animals 25, no. 6 (October 20, 2017): 513–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341471.

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AbstractThe consumption of dog “meat” is dividing the Chinese society into two camps. Is dog eating part of the mainstream food culture or is it a declining practice? With the help of a survey of 1,265 respondents in Yanji and Dalian, the study confirms different rates of acceptance regarding dog eating among the respondents by age, ethnicity, education, rural-urban residence status, and profession. Contrary to the belief that urbanization weakens traditional behaviors, our study found that Yanji, with its high urbanization rate, considers dog “meat” consumption to be acceptable. The local subculture appeared to be a strong intervening factor. Unlike Korean vegetable side dishes, dog “meat” is not a mainstream food choice in Yanji. The eating habit may continue for a long time if it is not banned. However, the decline of the eating habit seems irreversible.

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Stroebele-Benschop, Nanette, Anastasia Dieze, and Carolin Hilzendegen. "Students’ adherence to dietary recommendations and their food consumption habits." Nutrition and Health 24, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260106018772946.

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Background: Habitual behavior rather than intention has been linked to food intake patterns. Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the adherence to dietary recommendations in university students and to analyze whether habit strength predicts food consumption. Methods: A student sample of the University (University of Hohenheim) was recruited ( n = 103; age range 18–30 years). Habit strength for consuming the food groups fruits, vegetables, whole grains, milk, meat, convenience foods, sugary and savory snacks, water and sugar-sweetened beverages was measured using a questionnaire. Food intake was measured via a self-administered online food frequency survey two weeks later, which was then compared to dietary recommendations. For associations of habit strength and consumption, Kendall’s Tau-c correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: The majority of students failed to meet the recommendations for all food groups except meat, eggs, oil, fat, and water. Only 4.2% of men (15.4% of women) consumed the recommended daily amount of vegetables. Fruit recommendations were met by 20.8% of men (43.6% of women). Habit strength was significantly associated with the consumption of most food groups. Conclusion: Adhering to dietary recommendations appeared to be difficult. Educational efforts should be undertaken to improve students’ diet considering habit strength as an important determinant of food intake.

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D. Somathunga, E. A. Shanika, D. M. Sithara H. Dissanayaka, D. R. Dilini L. Ratnayake, and Ruwan D. Jayasinghe. "Awareness of Oral Cancer and OPMDs among Patients Attending the University Dental Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 6, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2021.6.1.47-51.

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Objective: To assess awareness of oral cancer and OPMDs among patients attending for dental treatment at the University Dental Hospital, Peradeniya. Methods and materials: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from 500 randomly selected outpatients attended the University Dental Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. The questionnaire included questions to ascertain information on socio-demographic parameters, awareness of oral cancer and OPMDs, habits of betel chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption.Results: 43.2% of the respondents were satisfactorily aware of the possibility of occurrence of oral cancer and OPMDs. From all the individuals who were participated to this questionnaire, 16 (3.2%) of individuals have a habit of betel chewing, 4.2% of individuals have a habit of smoking and 8.3% of individuals have a habit of alcohol consumption, respectively while having a satisfactory awareness about oral cancer and OPMDs. Conclusions: This survey revealed that most of the patients attending the hospital were not in a satisfied level of awareness about oral cancer and OPMDs. Knowledge about the causal relationships with betel chewing was low compared to tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption.

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Gerossier, Alexis, Robin Girard, and George Kariniotakis. "Modeling and Forecasting Electric Vehicle Consumption Profiles." Energies 12, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071341.

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The growing number of electric vehicles (EV) is challenging the traditional distribution grid with a new set of consumption curves. We employ information from individual meters at charging stations that record the power drawn by an EV at high temporal resolution (i.e., every minute) to analyze and model charging habits. We identify five types of batteries that determine the power an EV draws from the grid and its maximal capacity. In parallel, we identify four main clusters of charging habits. Charging habit models are then used for forecasting at short and long horizons. We start by forecasting day-ahead consumption scenarios for a single EV. By summing scenarios for a fleet of EVs, we obtain probabilistic forecasts of the aggregated load, and observe that our bottom-up approach performs similarly to a machine-learning technique that directly forecasts the aggregated load. Secondly, we assess the expected impact of the additional EVs on the grid by 2030, assuming that future charging habits follow current behavior. Although the overall load logically increases, the shape of the load is marginally modified, showing that the current network seems fairly well-suited to this evolution.

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Zhai, Tianchang, Wenjin Long, and Wei Si. "The evolution of habit formation effect on sugar consumption of urban residents in China." China Agricultural Economic Review 13, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 548–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-07-2020-0170.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explain the rapid growth of urban residents' sugar consumption in China from the perspective of habit formation.Design/methodology/approachUsing the provincial panel data of Chinese urban households from 1995 to 2012, this study uses the two-step System Generalized Moment Method (GMM) to test the habit formation effect on residents' sugar expenditure in urban China. We also use system GMM and the recursive estimated method to explore the changes of the habit formation coefficients in different years.FindingsWe find a significant habit formation effect on overall residents' sugar expenditure and different types of sugary foods expenditure. The habit formation effect on total residents' sugar expenditure and different types of sugary foods is decreasing over the years. The patterns of the changes of the habit formation effect on different types of sugar foods are slightly different.Research limitations/implicationsDue to data limitations, we are not able to do household-level analysis and to examine the heterogeneity of the habit formation effect.Originality/valueThis is the first study that examines changes in the habit formation effect on residents' sugar expenditure in urban China. Our findings provide a reasonable explanation for the rapid growth of residents' sugar consumption in urban China. The result helps to formulate targeted policies for future interventions to control the growth of sugar consumption.

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