Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Habit in Consumption'
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Seckin, Zennube Aylin. "Essays on consumption with habit formation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/NQ42808.pdf.
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Rajaraman, Krithika K. "Exploring the Role of Habit on Traditional and Online News Consumption." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1465245016.
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Burney, Shaheer. "THE ROLE OF SNAP AND HABIT FORMATION ON HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/56.
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This collection of essays examines the impact of two antecedents of household food consumption: SNAP and habit formation to nutrients. Household food choice invariably plays a substantial role in health outcomes such as obesity. Low-income households may be especially vulnerable to obesity as they face a more restricted set of food choices due to income constraints and may have less information on healthy eating relative to high-income households. This dissertation unravels this dynamic by providing causal estimates of the effect of two major determinants of food choice.
Chapter 2 and chapter 3 test the impact of SNAP participation on consumption of foods that are likely to cause obesity. With some exceptions, SNAP restricts benefits to be spent only on unprepared grocery food items from participating retailers. Chapter 2 considers the broad category of Food Away From Home (FAFH) which is shown to be less healthy than meals prepared at home and shows that SNAP significantly reduces FAFH expenditure of participants. However, the magnitude of this decrease is not large enough to have a tangible impact on obesity. Chapter 3 considers household expenditure on carbonated soda, which is the key source of sugar intake among low-income households. Not only is carbonated soda SNAP-eligible, it is cheaper when purchased with SNAP benefits relative to cash because benefits are exempt from all sales taxes. Results show that SNAP participation leads to a significant rise in carbonated soda sales in low-income counties. I also find that the SNAP tax exemption does not lead to higher consumption among participants relative to non-participants.
Chapter 4 tests habit formation to dietary fat using purchases of ground meat and milk products. Products in both categories have salient fat content information on the packaging. Products within each category differ only by fat content and are usually identical otherwise. Differences in habit formation are, therefore, caused by different levels of fat content. Results show a positive association between habit formation and fat content for all products in the ground meat category and all products, except fat-free milk, in the milk category. However, this relationship is modest leading to the conclusion that policy interventions, such as a saturated fat tax, might be effective in discouraging consumption of high fat products.
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MOTTA, GIORGIO ENRICO. "Three essays on Rt consumers, habit formation and the business cycle." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/17155.
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The aim of the dissertation is to investigate the implication of limited asset market partecipation and habit formation in consumption for the monetary policy in new keynesian DSGE models. It emerges that the combination of this two ingredients has important implication on the stability properties of the model and its performance in replicating the business cycle dynamics.
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Carrier, Neil. "The social life of miraa : farming, trade, and consumption of a plant stimulant in Kenya." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7108.
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This thesis traces the paths and trajectories that one substance - the plant stimulant Catha edulis (Forssk.), known in Kenya as 'miraa' - takes in the course of its 'social life' from production, through exchange, to its points of consumption. The thesis attempts to draw out the richness in this social life through an in-depth ethnographic examination of these trajectories, emphasising in particular their socially-embedded nature. By following an approach influenced by the volume The social life of things (Appadurai [ed.] 1986) the thesis is able to tease out much of the significance the substance has for those people who animate its social life. The trajectories covered vary greatly in range, from those involving local consumption in the area in which it is grown - the Nyambene Hills district of Kenya - to those that take it thousands of miles away to Europe and North America. The vast range of the substance allows for the generation of many different meanings and associations, and many of these are brought out over the course of the thesis. The trade of the substance (trade that relies much on trust) and its consumption are seen as in many ways socially cohesive, while in other respects socially divisive: while substances like miraa can build bridges, they can also build fences. Of especial importance to the thesis is the character of Nicholas, whose relationship with miraa demonstrates how individuals can take on board shared meanings concerning a substance, whilst creating many new meanings of their own through processes of convergence and divergence. The study addresses both the significance of miraa and its social life for wider debates in anthropology and its significance within the lives of farmers, traders, and consumers, and anyone engaged in debating its merits.
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Thunström, Linda. "Food consumption, paternalism and economic policy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1654.
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The thesis consists of a summary and four papers, concerned with food consumption, behavior associated with overconsumption of food and analysis of the economic policy reforms designed to improve health.
Paper [I] estimates a hedonic price model on breakfast cereal, crisp bread and potato product data. The purpose is to examine the marginal implicit prices for food characteristics associated with health. A trade-off exists between health and taste. For instance, sugar, salt and fat are tasty but can be unhealthy if overconsumed; whereas fiber is unhealthy if underconsumed. If the marginal implicit price for sugar is negative, consumers value health over its taste. Our results are the marginal implicit price for sugar is negative for breakfast cereals and crisp bread—consumers value health over the taste of sugar. For salt, we find the opposite—a positive marginal implicit price, suggesting people value its taste over health. For fat, we find a negative marginal implicit price of fat in breakfast cereals and potato products containing salt, whereas we find a positive marginal implicit price of fat in hard bread and potato products that contain no salt. For the one healthy characteristic, fiber, we find a negative marginal implicit price in breakfast cereals and a positive implicit price in hard bread.
Paper [II] uses a general equilibrium model to derive the optimal policy if people overconsume unhealthy food due to self-control problems. Individuals lacking self-control have a preference for immediate gratification, at the expense of future health. We show the optimal policy to help individuals with self-control problems to behave rationally is a combination of subsidies for the health capital stock and the physical capital stock.
Paper [III] estimates a demand system for grain consumption based on household panel data and detailed product characteristics, and simulate the effect on grain consumption of economic policy reforms designed to encourage a healthier grain diet. Our results imply it is more cost-efficient to subsidize the fiber content than to subsidize products rich in fiber given the goal to increase the fiber intake of the average Swedish household. Our results also imply subsidies alone give rise to an increase in fiber, and to other unhealthy nutrients. Also, subsidies alone have negative effects on the budget. We therefore simulate the effect of policy reforms in which the subsidies are funded either by taxes on the content of unhealthy nutrients or by taxes on products that are overconsumed. Our results suggest that price instruments need to be substantial to change consumption. For instance, removing the VAT on products rich in fiber has little effect on consumption.
Paper [IV] explores habit persistence in breakfast cereal purchases. To perform the analysis, we use a mixed multinomial logit model, on household panel data on breakfast cereal purchases. If habit persistence in consumption is strong, short and long-run responses to policy reforms will differ. Our results are breakfast cereal purchases are strongly associated with habit persistence. Our results also imply preferences for breakfast cereals are heterogeneous over households and the strength of habit persistence is similar over educational and income groups.
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Monteiro, Maria Clara Sidou. "Leituras de jovens sobre a publicidade e sua influÃncia nas prÃticas de consumo na infÃncia e na idade adulta." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11856.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoAo longo dos anos 1980 e 1990, a publicidade comeÃou se dirigir mais fortemente para o pÃblico infantil, quando a crianÃa passou a ser vista como consumidora e decisiva nas compras da casa. Assim, a publicidade tentou cativar a crianÃa a pedir os produtos anunciados aos pais, interferindo na conformaÃÃo de seus hÃbitos de consumo na infÃncia. Portanto, esta dissertaÃÃo procurou investigar como os jovens, nascidos nessas dÃcadas, em Fortaleza interpretam sua exposiÃÃo à publicidade, em particular aos comerciais e jingles televisivos, na infÃncia e sua influÃncia sobre os hÃbitos de consumo na Ãpoca e nos dias atuais. Escolhemos, alÃm dos comerciais televisivos, os jingles como desencadeadores das lembranÃas da infÃncia, pois eles apresentam a mÃsica para atrair a atenÃÃo da crianÃa e letra fÃcil de ser memorizada. Problematizamos ao longo da dissertaÃÃo os conceitos de sociedade do consumo (BAUDRILLARD, 1995), de infÃncia (HEYWOOD, 2004; ARIÃS, 1981), de publicidade para crianÃa (SAMPAIO, 2000; BUCHT e FEILITZEN, 2002), de memÃria (HALBWALCHS, 1990; BERGSON, 2006), de hÃbitos (LAHIRE, 2002), de gostos (BOURDIEU, 2008) e de jingles (VIANNA, 2004; SACKS, 2007) com o propÃsito de dar conta das complexas relaÃÃes entre a comunicaÃÃo, a memÃria e a conformaÃÃo de hÃbitos de consumo pela publicidade e os comerciais. Dividimos a pesquisa em duas fases: primeiramente, fizemos uma pesquisa exploratÃria com questionÃrios para descobrir os hÃbitos de consumo dos jovens de 22 a 32 anos e os comerciais e jingles que eles lembraram; e com base nos questionÃrios, foram escolhidos os participantes para os relatos de vida (BERTAUX, 2005) sobre a memÃria do consumo. ConcluÃmos, com base nos relatos dos jovens, que, a forte presenÃa da televisÃo na infÃncia contribuiu para que eles fossem expostos a inÃmeros comerciais e lembrassem vÃrios deles; os produtos desejados e/ou consumidos na infÃncia mais lembrados foram os brinquedos e produtos alimentÃcios, ou seja, os que mais investiram em publicidade na Ãpoca; os jovens tÃm hoje o hÃbito de consumir os produtos, especificamente as guloseimas, que eles consumiram com frequÃncia na infÃncia; e os jovens consideraram os comerciais e jingles dos anos 1980 e 1990 como parte da memÃria infÃncia. Portanto, identificamos a presenÃa da publicidade fortemente enraizada na memÃria e nos hÃbitos de consumo desses jovens, razÃo pela qual consideramos fundamental problematizar como a publicidade se dirige Ãs crianÃas, promovendo o consumo desde a infÃncia.
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Sällberg, Henrik. "Customer Rewards Programs : Designing Incentives for Repeated Purchase." Doctoral thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00456.
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Firms have since long given their regular customers special treatment. With the help of IT, many firms have established formal ways to do this. An example is a so-called customer rewards program (CRP), by which the firm rewards the customer for repeated purchase. Firms allocate large resources in these programs with millions of customers enrolled. Hence, it seems important that the CRP works effectively. By effective we mean that it increases sales. Whether it is effective or not is a matter of how it is designed. A CRP typically comes with membership levels. We study how many membership levels the firm should offer in an effective program. We also study if customers prefer individual or group rewards and whether a CRP can break and create habitual purchasing behavior. In the study, we also analyze under what conditions the customer prefers a CRP over a sales promotion. In general, the study adds to the understanding of Customer Rewards Programs as an incentive structure. There are many different ways to design these incentives and especially the continuing development of IT is expected to influence the future design and role of these types of programs. This study is part of the Swedish Research School of Management and Information Technology (MIT) which is one of 16 national research schools supported by the Swedish Government. MIT is jointly operated by the following institutions: Blekinge Institute of Technology, Gotland University College, Jönköping International Business School, Karlstad University, Linköping University, Lund University, Mälardalen University College, Stockholm University, Växjö University, Örebro University, IT University of Göteborg, and Uppsala University, host to the research school. At the Swedish Research School of Management and Information Technology (MIT), research is conducted, and doctoral education provided, in three fields: management information systems, business administration, and informatics.
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Monteiro, Maria Clara Sidou. "Leituras de jovens sobre a publicidade e sua influência nas práticas de consumo na infância e na idade adulta." www.teses.ufc.br, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8272.
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MONTEIRO, Maria Clara Sidou. Leituras de jovens sobre a publicidade e sua influência nas práticas de consumo na infância e na idade adulta. 2014. 192f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação Social, Fortaleza (CE), 2014.Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-06-11T15:00:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_mcsmonteiro.pdf: 1544999 bytes, checksum: 09196b2ae09291e7c5f82deebc8f027a (MD5)
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Ao longo dos anos 1980 e 1990, a publicidade começou se dirigir mais fortemente para o público infantil, quando a criança passou a ser vista como consumidora e decisiva nas compras da casa. Assim, a publicidade tentou cativar a criança a pedir os produtos anunciados aos pais, interferindo na conformação de seus hábitos de consumo na infância. Portanto, esta dissertação procurou investigar como os jovens, nascidos nessas décadas, em Fortaleza interpretam sua exposição à publicidade, em particular aos comerciais e jingles televisivos, na infância e sua influência sobre os hábitos de consumo na época e nos dias atuais. Escolhemos, além dos comerciais televisivos, os jingles como desencadeadores das lembranças da infância, pois eles apresentam a música para atrair a atenção da criança e letra fácil de ser memorizada. Problematizamos ao longo da dissertação os conceitos de sociedade do consumo (BAUDRILLARD, 1995), de infância (HEYWOOD, 2004; ARIÈS, 1981), de publicidade para criança (SAMPAIO, 2000; BUCHT e FEILITZEN, 2002), de memória (HALBWALCHS, 1990; BERGSON, 2006), de hábitos (LAHIRE, 2002), de gostos (BOURDIEU, 2008) e de jingles (VIANNA, 2004; SACKS, 2007) com o propósito de dar conta das complexas relações entre a comunicação, a memória e a conformação de hábitos de consumo pela publicidade e os comerciais. Dividimos a pesquisa em duas fases: primeiramente, fizemos uma pesquisa exploratória com questionários para descobrir os hábitos de consumo dos jovens de 22 a 32 anos e os comerciais e jingles que eles lembraram; e com base nos questionários, foram escolhidos os participantes para os relatos de vida (BERTAUX, 2005) sobre a memória do consumo. Concluímos, com base nos relatos dos jovens, que, a forte presença da televisão na infância contribuiu para que eles fossem expostos a inúmeros comerciais e lembrassem vários deles; os produtos desejados e/ou consumidos na infância mais lembrados foram os brinquedos e produtos alimentícios, ou seja, os que mais investiram em publicidade na época; os jovens têm hoje o hábito de consumir os produtos, especificamente as guloseimas, que eles consumiram com frequência na infância; e os jovens consideraram os comerciais e jingles dos anos 1980 e 1990 como parte da memória infância. Portanto, identificamos a presença da publicidade fortemente enraizada na memória e nos hábitos de consumo desses jovens, razão pela qual consideramos fundamental problematizar como a publicidade se dirige às crianças, promovendo o consumo desde a infância.
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Nyström, Josefine. "Vill du köpa en påse? : Tillgänglig information vid köpsituation kan bidra till en hållbar konsumtion." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21943.
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Ständig förändring är strakt förknippat med modeindustrin, då nya trender och stilar tenderar att förändras kontinuerligt. I västvärlden konsumerar människor betydligt mer modeprodukter än vad naturens resurser tillåter. Modekonsumenterna fick dock en insyn av textilbranschens negativa miljöpåverkan år 2017. Det skrevs då en ny lag som föreskriver att modeföretag måste informera sina modekonsumenter om bärkassarnas, speciellt plastbärkassens, negativa påverkan. I samband med att lagen stiftades, skapades organisationen One Bag Habit som fick modekonsumenterna att tänka en extra gång innan de konsumerar bärkassar i modebutikerna. På grund av bland annat One Bag Habit avstår modekonsumenter numera att konsumera bärkassar på grund av miljöaspekter, dock fortsätter de att konsumera mängder av modeprodukter utan att blicka. Modekonsumenter har sedan år 2017 blivit medvetna om de problem som bärkassen medför och väljer då att avstå dessa, men när det kommer till modeprodukter finns troligtvis en medvetenhet om problemet där också men konsumtionen fortsätter ändå. Detta har lett till att denna uppsats belyser hur denna kontrast bildas mellan att konsumera modeprodukter och att avstå från bärkassen på grund av miljöskäl. Denna studie undersöker detta gap genom att fokusera på hur modekonsumenter förhåller sig till konsumtion av bärkassar i förhållande till modeprodukter. Resultatet ger en förståelse för varför det blir en kontrast mellan konsumtion av bärkassar och modeprodukter. Därav kommer resultatet resultera i en djupare förståelse kring varför ett attityd-beteende gap skapas och en stadig grund för vidare forskning. För att förstå och tolka det empiriska materialet modifierades en modell av attityd-beteende gapet. Utöver det kommer behovsidentifikation att ligga till grund för den teoretiska referensramen. En kvalitativ intervju, tre fokusgruppsintervjuer och en observation utgör det empiriska materialet. Urvalet bestod av studenter från tre olika högskolor i Sverige (Textilhögskolan i Borås, Göteborgs Universitet och Mälardalens högskola i Västerås). Slutsatserna av studien är att modeföretagen måste börja informera modekonsumenterna varför och hur de kan agera hållbart, istället för att informera att de ska agera hållbart. Utöver det måste de hållbara modeprodukterna vara prismässigt jämförbart med inte hållbara modeprodukter, för att modekonsumenterna ska agera hållbar. Slutligen krävs det att de hållbara modeprodukterna har tillräckligt attraktiv design för att modekonsumenterna ska investera i hållbara modeprodukter.Constant change is closely associated with the fashion industry, as new trends and styles tent to change continuously. In the Western world, people consume considerably more fashion products than what the natural resources allow. The fashion consumers, however, gained an insight into the fashion industry´s negative environmental impact in 2017. A new law was founded to alert the fashion consumers of the negative effect of the shopping bags, especially made with plastic. In association with the new law, an organization, naming One Bag Habit was created. This led the fashion consumers to think extra before deciding to consume a shopping bag when they made a purchase of fashion item. Due to One Bag habit, fashion consumers now avoid from consuming shopping bags because of environmental aspects. The reluctance to consuming a shopping bag in addition to the fashion purchase has decreased yet impacts on the actual fashion consumption have not changed. Previous research has identified an attitude-behaviour gap between how fashion consumers value sustainable products and their actual behaviour in accordance with these values. This has led to this paper highlighting how this contrast is formed between consuming fashion products and refraining from the shopping bags because of environmental reasons. This study has a textile management approach, which means that the study is primarily aimed at companies in order to help them understand how fashion consumers value and act in different purchasing situations. This study will examine how fashion consumers consume shopping bags in relation to fashion products. The findings will contribute to creating an understanding of the created contrast between sustainable consumption regarding shopping bags and non-sustainable one regarding fashion consumption itself. Moreover, the findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of why the attitude-behaviour gap has created such a contrast among the fashion consumer. In order to understand and interpret the empirical material of this study, a theoretical model of attitude-behaviour gap was created. In addition, an understanding of how needs are created among consumers will be contributing to the formation of the theoretical framework. Furthermore, data was collected through qualitative interviews, three focus groups, and an observation. The data sample frame consisted of students from three different universities in Sweden (the Swedish School of Textiles in Borås, University of Gothenburg and Mälardalens University in Västerås). The findings of the study show that fashion companies need to be more specific when informing the fashion consumers on why and how they can act more sustainably when consuming fashion and shopping bags. In addition, the sustainable fashion products should be comparable in prices terms to non-sustainable fashion products in order for fashion consumers to act sustainable. Finally, it is suggested that the sustainable fashion products have an appealing designs in order for the fashion consumers to invest in sustainable fashion products.
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Barcellos, Marcia Dutra de, Ivo A. van der Lans, and John Thompson. ""Beef lovers" : um estudo cross-cultural sobre o comportamento de consumo de carne bovina." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10041.
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O objetivo principal desta tese foi testar um modelo teórico que pudesse relacionar os construtos atitude, norma subjetiva, hábito e intenção de comportamento no consumo de carne bovina. Também se propôs uma análise do impacto das emoções antecipadas (positivas e negativas), do grau de envolvimento e de diferenças culturais como variáveis moderadoras no modelo. Buscou-se ainda contribuir com a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (Theory of Planned Bahviour – TPB, AJZEN, 1985, 1988, 1991) em estudos sobre o consumo de alimentos pela inclusão do construto hábito como um regressor independente no modelo (VERPLANKEN, 1998) e pela exclusão do construto controle percebido de comportamento (BREDAHL; GRUNERT, 1997; TOWLER; SHEPHERD, 1991/1992). Até recentemente os alimentos eram considerados simplesmente commodities, e seu estudo na área de marketing foi negligenciado por muitos anos. A abertura global dos mercados e o surgimento de novos padrões de consumo mudaram esta realidade, trazendo para a área do comportamento do consumidor tão importante discussão. No entanto, apesar da importância do agronegócio, estudos relacionando hábitos, emoções antecipadas, nível de envolvimento, cultura, atitudes, intenção e comportamento de consumo de produtos alimentares ainda são escassos no Brasil, e, portanto, totalmente abertos à exploração. Os construtos foram analisados como um modelo teórico quantitativo e a Modelagem em Equações Estruturais (MEE) foi utilizada para o cálculo dos parâmetros e teste das hipóteses (ARBUCKLE, 1999). O pré-teste foi realizado na Escócia e coleta de dados ocorreu no Brasil, na Holanda e na Austrália em 2005 e 2006. Foram obtidos 816 questionários válidos nas surveys realizadas, sendo que 400 casos foram usados para a análise cross-cultural multivariada dos dados. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a relação existente, direta e estatisticamente significante entre os construtos atitude, hábito e norma subjetiva com o comportamento de consumo de carne bovina. No entanto, o papel mediador da intenção de comportamento entre a atitude e a norma subjetiva com o comportamento, postulado pela TPB, não foi confirmado. Uma relação direta, do hábito para atitude também foi um achado teórico relevante. A inclusão de hábito como uma extensão à TPB foi considerada apropriada, pois ajudou a explicar o comportamento de consumo de carne bovina. Os consumidores de Porto Alegre e da Austrália apresentaram a relação entre a atitude e comportamento mais positiva e níveis de envolvimento mais altos com carne bovina do que os consumidores de São Paulo e Holanda. As emoções antecipadas também foram consideradas variáveis moderadoras satisfatórias, tendo em vista que os grupos com expectativas emocionais (positivas e negativas) mais altas mostraram relações mais fortes e significativas no modelo. Os grupos que sofreram menor impacto das variáveis moderadoras emoções antecipadas (positivas e negativas) demonstraram um padrão de consumo menos cognitivo, mais habitual, e mais influenciável pelas normas subjetivas. Sob o ponto de vista gerencial, as cadeias produtivas de carne bovina no Brasil, Holanda e Austrália se beneficiarão dos resultados, pois campanhas e esforços de marketing poderão ser direcionados a grupos específicos de consumidores, com base no seu comportamento de consumo. Vantagens competitivas poderão ser alcançadas por todos os elos da cadeia pela orientação para o mercado e satisfação das demandas dos consumidores a partir do conhecimento gerado.The main objective of this thesis was to test a theoretical model relating attitude, subjective norm, habit and behaviour intention in beef consumption. We also proposed to analyze the impact of anticipated emotions (positive and negative), degree of involvement and cultural differences as moderator variables in the model. The author aimed to contribute to the Theory of Planned Behaviour - TPB (AJZEN, 1985, 1988, 1991) in food consumption through the inclusion of habit as an independent regressor in that model (Verplanken, 1998) and exclusion of perceived behaviour control (BREDAHL; GRUNERT, 1997; TOWLER;SHEPHERD, 1991/1992). Until recently food was regarded as a commodity and marketing scholars neglected its study for many years. Although, with the global opening of markets and new consumption patterns, this reality changed, bringing up to the study of consumer behaviour such important discussion. Amazingly, in spite of the importance of the agribusiness sector, studies relating food consumption, habits, anticipated emotions, involvement, culture, attitudes and behaviour intention are scarce in Brazil, and therefore, totally open to exploration. The constructs were presented as a theoretical quantitative model and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to estimate parameters and test the hypotheses (ARBUCKLE, 1999). A pre-test was held in Scotland and data collection took place in Brazil, in The Netherlands and in Australia during 2005 and 2006. 816 valid questionnaires were obtained from the surveys and 400 cases were used on the cross-cultural multivariate analysis. Results obtained from this study confirmed most of the hypothesized relations. The authors confirmed the direct, statiscally significant effect of attitude, habit and subjective norm on consumption behaviour. The mediating role of behavioral intention from attitude and subjective norm to consumption behaviour, by contrast, was not confirmed, as postulated by the TPB. A direct relation, from habit to attitude was also found significant. The inclusion of habit as a TPB extension was considered appropriated, helping to explain beef consumption behavior. Consumers from Porto Alegre and Australia confirmed to have stronger relation from attitude to behavior and to have higher degrees of involvement with beef than consumers from São Paulo and The Netherlands. Anticipated emotions were also considered satisfactory moderator variables based on the findings that groups with higher emotional expectations showed stronger relationships in the model. Groups presenting a lower moderating impact were found to show a less cognitive, more habitual consumption pattern, and yet more susceptible to subjective norms influence. From a managerial perspective, Brazilian, European and Australian beef sector will benefit from the results, since marketing campaigns and sales efforts can be addressed to specific groups of consumers, based on their behaviour trends. The entire beef productive chain can improve its competitive advantage via consumer-driven or market-oriented actions.
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Monteiro, Marcel Stanlei. "H??bito no consumo, rolagem da d??vida e penalidade no mercado de cr??dito." Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia, 2014. https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/1968.
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This research investigated the existence of representative agents ' consumption habit of the Brazilian economy, using for this purpose, the model of Dubey, Geanakoplos and Shubik (2005), which received the incorporation of a term that represents the penalty applied to agents who take credit and subsequently missing with their financial commitments. It was used the model known as the Consumption-Based Capital Asset Pricing Model-CCAPM, to assign to the model of Dubey, Geanakoplos and Shubik (2005) generalization of infinite periods, instead of just two periods. Thus, to meet the objectives of this research, it has been estimated, through two utility functions, using the Generalized Method of Moments GMM, the inter-temporal discount factor consumption, also known as the impatience of the agents, the coefficient of relative risk aversion and the parameter that governs the separability of the time consumption. In addition, the penalty rate was calculated and, also, the scroll rate of these agents, debt relating to these calculations and estimates, information on the Brazilian economy, since 2000, making it possible to conclude that, for the period under examination, existed the habit in the consumption of representative agents, all of whom were penalized whenever preferred not to pay their obligations, which occasioned in the scrolling your debt. In addition, it was concluded that these agents are impatient and risk-averse and, also, that the important role played credit to contribute to growth and economic development.
Esta disserta????o investigou a exist??ncia do h??bito no consumo dos agentes representativos da economia brasileira, utilizando, para tanto, o modelo de Dubey, Geanakoplos e Shubik (2005), que recebeu a incorpora????o de um termo que representa a penalidade aplicada aos agentes que tomam cr??dito e, posteriormente, faltam com seus compromissos financeiros assumidos. Utilizou-se, ainda, o modelo conhecido como Consumption-Based Capital Asset Pricing Model CCAPM, para que fosse poss??vel atribuir ao modelo de Dubey, Geanakoplos e Shubik (2005) a generaliza????o de infinitos per??odos, ao inv??s de apenas dois per??odos. Assim, para atender aos objetivos desta pesquisa, estimou-se, atrav??s de duas fun????es de utilidade, pelo M??todo dos Momentos Generalizados GMM, o fator de desconto intertemporal do consumo, tamb??m conhecido como a impaci??ncia dos agentes, o coeficiente de avers??o relativa ao risco e o par??metro que rege a separabilidade do consumo no tempo. Al??m disso, foi calculada a taxa penalidade e, tamb??m, a taxa da rolagem da d??vida desses agentes, relacionando a esses c??lculos e estima????es, informa????es sobre a economia brasileira, desde 2000, o que possibilitou concluir que, para o per??odo analisado, existiu o h??bito no consumo dos agentes representativos, os quais foram penalizados sempre que preferiram n??o pagar seus compromissos assumidos, o que ocasionou na rolagem de sua d??vida. Al??m disso, chegou-se ?? conclus??o de que esses agentes s??o impacientes e avessos ao risco e, tamb??m, que o cr??dito desempenhou o importante papel de contribuir para o crescimento e o desenvolvimento econ??mico.
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Madruga, Samanta Winck. "Fibras alimentares na população de Pelotas-RS: hábito de consumo e fatores associados." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2006. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1969.
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Previous issue date: 2006-11-10OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of inadequate dietary fiber consumption habit and evaluate its association with socioeconomic, demographic and behavioral characteristics. DESIGN: A cross-sectional population-based study. SETTINGS: Pelotas-RS. The city holds nearly 320.000 inhabitants and is located in Southern Brazilian. SUBJECTS: A representative sample of the population was selected by a two-stage strategy; 3993 subjects (≥ 10 years) were interviewed. RESULTS: Sample was mostly female, white skin color and nearly 70% belonged to C socioeconomic level or lower. Inadequate dietary fiber consumption habit was positive for 65.6% (CI95% 64.2 67.1) of the sample. A higher prevalence was observed among men and teenagers. Adjusted analysis for the overall sample showed an association between inadequate fiber consumption habit and male, adolescents, lower socioeconomic level, current smoker, sufficiently active and people having under four daily meals. The age group-stratified analysis showed different associated factors. For the adolescents group, living alone was a risk factor to inadequate dietary fiber consumption, for the adults group sex (male), current smoker, sufficiently active and under four daily meals and, among the elderly just sex (male) and current smoker. Lower socioeconomic level was associated to the outcome in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate fiber consumption habit is highly prevalent in the population. We must highlight that, although inadequate intake is very common, teenagers are at a higher risk, suggesting public health actions focusing this particular age group. Public health initiatives to improve eating patterns, concerning fiber consumption habits, must consider the contrast derived from associated factors.
O consumo diário de fibras faz parte do que se chama de uma dieta saudável . É um item alimentar importante na prevenção e controle de doenças crônicas tais como Diabete Mellitus, doenças do coração, colesterol e triglicerídeos elevados, além de ter papel fundamental no funcionamento do trânsito gastrointestinal prevenindo e tratando a prisão de ventre (constipação), complicação tão comum entre as pessoas atualmente. Além disso, um consumo ideal de fibras está cientificamente comprovado como fator auxiliar na perda de peso. O presente estudo investigou o hábito inadequado de consumo de fibras alimentares e seus fatores associados, na população de Pelotas-RS, como parte da dissertação de Mestrado em Epidemiologia pela Universidade Federal de Pelotas. A pesquisa ocorreu entre os meses de outubro e dezembro de 2005, quando 1507 domicílios de nossa cidade foram visitados. Desta forma, 3993 indivíduos com idade igual ou maior que 10 anos responderam ao questionário. A pesquisa mostrou que aproximadamente 65% da população não consome fibras alimentares adequadamente, sendo que os homens consomem menos alimentos ricos em fibras (71%) do que as mulheres (62%). A pesquisa mostra ainda que os adolescentes (10 - 19 anos) foram os que apresentaram maior percentual de hábito inadequado de consumo de fibras alimentares (78%) quando comparados aos adultos (64%) e aos idosos (55%). Os indivíduos de menor nível socioeconômico também 85 apresentaram maiores percentuais de consumo inadequado em relação aos níveis socioeconômicos mais altos. O trabalho ainda concluiu que fumar, ser sedentário, realizar menos de quatro refeições diárias e fazer refeições fora de casa, apresentam maiores riscos de consumir um dieta pobre em fibras alimentares. Sendo assim, recomenda-se que campanhas e programas de saúde pública sejam realizados no sentido de incentivar o consumo de alimentos ricos em fibras principalmente entre escolares e adolescentes pois existem evidências de que hábitos alimentares adquiridos na infância e adolescência podem ser precursores de hábitos saudáveis na vida adulta.
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Scott, Kyle Rebecca. "Essays in consumption habits and the environment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5bd9e448-6a74-43c5-baa9-0a82b1256d7a.
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The dynamics of demand for energy goods such as gasoline are complicated by investment decisions and behavioral habits. Both types of complication can be captured by a habits model, in which past consumption enters into an agent's current utility function. If the agent is forward-looking, or 'rational', then habits imply his consumption of the habit-forming good will be sensitive to his expectation of future market conditions, in particular future prices. This sensitivity implies, in turn, that demand and price elasticity will depend upon price volatility, and that the agent will respond differently to different types of price changes. Price elasticity measured over the mixture of price changes that occur in a given market will therefore underestimate the power of policy instruments that act through permanent or long-run price changes. This thesis examines the implications of rational habits on demand behavior in a multi-good setting, drawing motivation from and considering applications to gasoline demand. Chapter 1 introduces the theory of rational habits, examines a simple perfect-foresight model, and uses microeconometric techniques to look at an application to U.S. gasoline demand. Chapter 2 builds a theory model in which agents have rational habits and future prices are uncertain. The implications of this model are then utilized in Chapter 3, which uses macro-type econometric techniques to test for rational habits in international gasoline demand. The empirical evidence suggests that rational habits may indeed shape demand for gasoline and that traditionally-measured price elasticity should not be used to project consumers' responses to policy interventions.
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Viennot, Mathilde. "Crises financières, accumulation de dette et défaut souverain." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0166/document.
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Cette thèse contribue à la littérature sur le défaut souverain en offrant une nouvelle approche d'analyse, réconciliant les approches statistiques et structurelles. Avec comme fil rouge le lien entre crises financières, accumulation de dette et défaut souverain, ce travail répond à trois questions principales.En premier lieu, quand les pays font-ils défaut ? En posant un simple regard sur les principales variables macroéconomiques et les composantes cycliques des défauts souverains, je montre que le défaut se produit quand le pays subit un retournement brutal de croissance, ajouté à un large choc discontinu sur son ratio de dette sur PIB, apporté en majorité par une crise de change ou une crise bancaire.En second lieu, en quoi le risque souverain au sein d'une zone monétaire (par exemple la zone euro) diffère de celui d'une petite économie ouverte en change flexible, majoritairement décrit dans la littérature ? Je construis un modèle DSGE néo-keynésien dans lequel j'introduis du risque souverain ; je mets l'accent sur le rôle clé des comportements de consommation, à la fois dans la préférence pour l'union monétaire et dans la décision de défaut. Je regarde également l'efficacité de certaines politiques fiscales sur la réduction du risque souverain dans une zone monétaire.Enfin, les instruments de politique monétaire ont-ils été efficaces pendant la crise pour réduire les taux souverains ? J'évalue la transmission de la politique monétaire de la BCE, à la fois conventionnelle et non-conventionnelle, aux taux et aux volumes d'émissions de titres souverains pour les quatre plus importantes économies européennes. Je montre que seule la transmission du taux directeur vers les taux souverains a été effective ; les instruments non-conventionnels ont eu des résultats contrastés et essentiellement sur les taux d'intérêtThis thesis offers a new approach to sovereign default analysis, by tackling both statistical and the structural approaches to sovereign default. Starting from the link between financial crises, debt accumulation and sovereign default, it answers three main questions.First, when do countries default? Taking a simple look at macroeconomic variables and business cycles around default, I show that economic defaults occur when the country experiences a switch from a boom to a bust, combined with a large discontinuous shock on its debt-to-GDP ratio, brought mainly by a currency or a banking crisis.Second, how sovereign risk in a monetary union (e.g. the Eurozone) differs from sovereign default risk in a small open economy usually described in default literature? Constructing a New-Keynesian DSGE model with sovereign default risk, I exhibit the key role of habit persistence in the preference for a monetary union and the default decision. I am also able to test the efficiency of various policy tools on sovereign risk.Third, have monetary policy tools been efficient to reduce sovereign spreads in the Eurozone? I assess the transmission of ECB monetary policies, conventional and unconventional, to both interest rates and bond issuance for the four largest economies of the Euro area. The main result is that only the pass-through from the ECB rate to interest rates has been effective. Unconventional policies have had uneven effects and primarily on interest rates
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Rojas, De Francisco Laura Isabel. "Digital leisure study: The consumption experience, habits and social uses." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287910.
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Propósito: Las tecnologías digitales han ofrecido a los individuos muchas posibilidades para el ocio, transformando las actividades de ocio en el proceso, lo que implica cambios en la experiencia y las prácticas ocio. En este sentido exploramos esas actividades para encontrar los significados, efectos y motivaciones relacionadas con la experiencia de ocio digital. Los hallazgos nos han llevado a conceptualizar la naturaleza del ocio.
Diseño / metodología / enfoque: La investigación se enmarca en el paradigma interpretativo / constructivista y la tradición hermenéutica. Entrevistamos a 30 personas que realizaban actividades de ocio con tecnologías digitales, en un período de seis meses en el año 2009, en Barcelona. El análisis de las narraciones proporcionadas por los informantes produjo un conjunto de temas con los que estructuramos las explicaciones realizadas. El análisis tiene en cuenta las actividades, espacios y momentos en que se realizan las actividades, las tecnologías utilizadas y los significados, satisfacciones y beneficios de dichas actividades.
Resultados: Revisamos la naturaleza de ocio teniendo en mente, las condiciones de tecnologías digitales. Los hallazgos sugieren propiedades y características de las actividades de ocio digitales que están asociados con la libertad de elegir llevar a cabo actividades y con las características de las tecnologías. El ocio tradicional se transforma cuando se utilizan tecnologías digitales para el ocio. Proporcionamos evidencias al respecto al describir ocio digital en los hogares y las actividades de ocio social, con tecnologías digitales.
Implicaciones de la investigación / limitaciones: El estudio sugiere que el ocio digital ha transformado la naturaleza del ocio y los hallazgos pueden ser usados para dar pautas en el diseño y desarrollo de tecnologías para el ocio en casa y la gestión de las actividades sociales. Hay una oportunidad para profundizar y encontrar más información sobre ocio digital en otras áreas de la vida de las personas, teniendo en cuenta sus familias u otras conexiones sociales. Además de estudiar ocio digital de acuerdo con la evolución de las tecnologías digitales, dispositivos y aplicaciones.
Originalidad / valor: El estudio nos ha permitido redefinir la naturaleza del ocio y explorar las transformaciones de las actividades de ocio descritas en la investigación.Purpose: Digital technologies have offered individuals many possibilities for leisure, transforming leisure activities in the process, which involves changes in the leisure experience and practices. In this regard, we explore leisure transformation to find the meanings, transformations and motivations related with the digital leisure experience. The findings have leaded us to conceptualize the nature of leisure. Design/methodology/approach: Research is framed in the interpretive/ constructivist paradigm and the hermeneutic tradition. We interviewed 30 individuals that used to perform leisure activities with digital technologies, over a period of six months in 2009 in Barcelona. The analysis leaded to a set of conceptual themes by applying narrative thematic analysis to the corpus of texts. We searched for spaces and moments in which the activities were performed, the technologies used and the meanings, satisfactions and benefits of those activities. Findings: We revisited the research about the nature of leisure after the used of digital technologies. The findings suggest properties and features of leisure activities that are associated with the freedom to choose and carry out activities and with the technological characteristics. Traditional leisure is transformed when digital technologies are used for leisure. We provide evidences about it by describing digital based leisure in the homes and social leisure activities with digital technologies. Research implications/limitations: The study suggests that digital leisure has transformed the nature of leisure and the findings can be used for the design and development of home leisure technologies and the management of social activities. There is an opportunity to go deeper and find more information about digital leisure in other areas of people's life considering their families or other social connections. Also study digital leisure according to the evolution of digital technologies, devices and applications. Originality/value: The study provides a basis to redefine the nature of leisure and also explores the transformations in leisure brought about by digital technologies.
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Peck, Celeste 1956. "FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN OBESE WOMEN." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276420.
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FERREIRA, MARCIO PEZZELLA. "WINE CONSUMPTION HABITS: A RESEARCH ABOUT OCCASIONS, PLACES, MOTIVATIONS AND FREQUENCY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9873@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO Brasil é hoje um mercado potencial para os vinhos da América Latina. Ao contrário de tradicionais produtores como França, Itália, Argentina e Chile, onde a tendência de consumo da bebida é de queda, no Brasil há significativo potencial de crescimento. O consumo anual per capita de vinho no Brasil é de aproximadamente 2 litros per capta ao ano, enquanto em outros países da Europa esse consumo pode alcançar a casa das dezenas de litros. Este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar os fatores motivadores e/ou inibidores do consumo do vinho no Brasil, em especial no Rio de Janeiro. Tem como base a experiência do consumo nas ocasiões em que o pesquisado pode exercer seu poder de escolha na compra dos vinhos a serem consumidos. Essa abordagem visa identificar e compreender hábitos capazes de influenciar na escolha e consumo de vinhos, procurando identificar ocasiões, locais, motivações e freqüência de seu consumo. A pesquisa visa também conhecer associações feitas com o vinho, conhecendo as principais variáveis que influenciam no seu consumo, identificando ainda locais habituais de compra e fontes de informação relacionadas a esta bebida.
Nowadays Brazil is a potential market to Latin American wines. Different from traditional producers like France, Italy, Argentina and Chile, where the wine consumption is decreasing, in Brazil exists a significant potential of growth. The annual Brazilian wine consumption per capita is approximately 2 liters. In some European countries this consumption can be up to thirty times higher. The objective of this work is to explore the factors that can motivate or inhibit the wine consumption in Brazil, especially in Rio de Janeiro. It is based on occasions that the consumer can chose the wine that will be tasted. This approach intends to identify and better understand the habits that can influence the wine selection, trying to map consumption occasions, places, motivations and frequency. This research also intends to better understand mental links about wine and identify common purchasing places and information sources used by consumers.
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Said, Nihal H. "Media Consumption Habits and the Political Knowledge Gap in Cairo, Egypt." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429875116.
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Alfajahan, Ohood Abdulrahman Alfajahan. "Sleep Habits and Caffeine Consumption in Undergraduate Female Students in Saudi Arabia." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1523480822743305.
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Martínez, Martínez Cristina. "Implementación y evaluación de políticas para el control del tabaquismo en los hospitales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/52839.
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Antecedentes: Varios estudios han demostrado como las políticas de control del tabaquismo favorecen el abandono del consumo del tabaco entre los fumadores, incrementan la aceptabilidad y el cumplimiento de los espacios sin humo. Sin embargo, se desconoce el impacto que las diferentes medidas de control del tabaquismo tienen en los hospitales catalanes.
Hipótesis: 1) La política de espacios sin humo en los hospitales reduce la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco entre los trabajadores, favoreciendo cambios en la actitud y el comportamiento en el cumplimiento de las normativas. 2) La Ley 28/2005 ha contribuido a la progresión y el avance de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en los hospitales y 3) ha fomentado cambios en la disminución del humo ambiental del tabaco (HAT) en los hospitales de Cataluña. 4) Los hospitales de 7 países europeos que han desarrollado el modelo de hospital sin humo de la Red Europea sin Humo (ENSH) presentan niveles bajos de HAT en distintas áreas de hospitalización. 5) El programa de cesación tabáquica dirigido a trabajadores fumadores de los hospitales miembros de la Red Catalana de Hospitales sin Humo (XCHsF) consigue una alta tasa de abstinencia.
Objetivos: 1) Describir los efectos en el consumo de tabaco tras la implantación progresiva de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en un centro hospitalario: el Instituto Catalán de Oncología (ICO). 2) Valorar la progresión de las políticas de control de tabaquismo en los hospitales miembros de la XCHsF antes y después de la implantación de la Ley de medidas de control del tabaco 28/2005. 3) Evaluar el impacto de la Ley de control de tabaquismo 28/2005 en la exposición al HAT en los hospitales públicos catalanes, antes (2005) y después (2006) de su implantación. 4) Describir los niveles de HAT mediante la determinación de partículas PM2.5, en una muestra de hospitales europeos en el año 2007. 5) Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de cesación tabáquica dirigido a los trabajadores hospitalarios.
Metodología: Para conseguir los objetivos marcados se han realizado cinco estudios que incluyen: una serie de encuestas transversales, un estudio pre-post de evaluación de las medidas de control del tabaco, dos estudios de determinación del HAT - uno realizado en Cataluña, y el otro en 7 países europeos- y un estudio de evaluación de la efectividad de un programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF en 33 hospitales.
Resultados: La prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en el ICO disminuyó del 34,5% en 2001 al 30,6% en el 2006. Entre los médicos la prevalencia descendió del 20,0% al 15,2%, entre las enfermeras del 34,0% al 32,6%, y entre los administrativos del 56,0% al 37,0%. Se produjeron cambios en el patrón de consumo como la reducción del número de cigarrillos y del número de fumadores diarios.
La puntuación media de la implementación de las políticas de control del tabaco en los hospitales fue del 52,4 (IC 95%: 45,4-59,5) en 2005 y 71,6 (IC 95%: 67,0-76,2) en 2007 (aumento del 36,7%). Los hospitales con mayor incremento fueron los hospitales generales (48%), hospitales con >300 camas (41,1%), hospitales cuyos trabajadores fuman entre un 35-39% (72,2%), hospitales con un implantación reciente de políticas de control del tabaco
(74,2%).
En los hospitales de Cataluña la concentración media de nicotina disminuyó de
0,23 μg/m3 (rango intercuartil: 0,13-0,63) antes de la Ley 28/2005, a 0,10 μg/m3 (rango intercuartil: 0,02-0,19) después de la Ley (disminución del 56,5%). Tras la Ley se observaron reducciones significativas en la concentración mediana de nicotina en todas las localizaciones, aunque se continuaron detectando valores de HAT en las entradas de los hospitales, sala de urgencias, escaleras de incendios y cafeterías.
La mediana de las concentraciones de PM2.5 en una muestra de 30 hospitales europeos fue de 3,0 μg/m3. La mitad de las medidas presentaron valores entre 2,0 a 7,0 μg/m3. Los niveles de PM2.5 fueron similares entre los diferentes países. Once medidas (5,5%) estaban por encima de 25,0 μg/m3, límite recomendado por la OMS para los espacios exteriores.
Los trabajadores de una muestra de hospitales catalanes que entraron en el programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF presentaron una probabilidad de abstinencia global a los 6 meses de 0,504 (IC 95%: 0,431- 0,570). Los hombres obtuvieron mejor abstinencia 0,526 (IC 95%: 0,398-0,651) que las mujeres (0,495 IC 95%: 0,410-0,581). Por grupos profesionales, los médicos obtuvieron una abstinencia más alta (0,659, IC 95%: 0,506-0,811) que las enfermeras (0,463, IC 95%: 0,349-0,576). Los trabajadores con mayor dependencia a la nicotina tuvieron una menor probabilidad de abstinencia (0,376, IC 95%: 0,256-0,495) que los trabajadores con baja dependencia (0,529, IC 95%: 0,458-0,599). Se observa una alta probabilidad de abstinencia en trabajadores que siguieron un tratamiento farmacológico combinado (bupropion y sustitutivos de la nicotina) (0,761, IC 95%: 0,588-0,933).
Conclusiones:
La introducción progresiva de políticas de control del tabaquismo en los hospitales se asocia con una ligera disminución del consumo de tabaco y la modificación del patrón de consumo entre los trabajadores fumadores. La política de espacios sin humo en los hospitales disminuye la percepción de la exposición al HAT e incrementa el cumplimiento auto reportado de la normativa entre los trabajadores. Los niveles de HAT disminuyen en los hospitales tras la entrada en vigor de la Ley 28/2005. La valoración de las concentraciones de nicotina en fase vapor ofrece un sistema de monitorización objetivo y fiable que refuerza el cumplimiento de los espacios sin humo. La presencia de HAT en los hospitales europeos monitorizada mediante PM2.5 es baja, a excepción de la hallada en lugares en los que se permite fumar cuya concentración es elevada. Los hospitales miembros de la XCHsF presentan un mayor control de tabaquismo (medidas mediante el cuestionario europeo selfaudit) tras dos años de implantación de la Ley 28/2005 (2007) que los obtenidos antes de la Ley (2005). El programa de cesación tabáquica coordinado por la XCHsF dirigido a los trabajadores hospitalarios fumadores obtiene una alta probabilidad de abstinencia a los seis meses. Los trabajadores tratados con dependencia baja o media, los fumadores de 10-19 cigarrillos al día y los tratados con terapia combinada obtuvieron mejores tasas de abstinencia"Implementation and Evaluation of Tobacco control Policies in Hospitals" Background: Several studies have shown that tobacco control policies favour the cessation of tobacco use, increase population support and improve compliance with smoke free policies. However, the impact of tobacco control measures in Catalan hospitals is unknown. Hypothesis: 1) The smoke free policy in hospitals reduces the prevalence of tobacco consumption among workers and increases compliance with smoke free regulations; 2) Law 28/2005 has increased tobacco control policies in hospitals; 3) has decreased second-hand smoke (SHS) levels among Catalan hospitals; 4) European hospitals which have developed the European smoke free model (ENSH) have low levels of SHS in different areas; 5) the smoking cessation program addressed to hospital employees achieves a high rate of abstinence. Aims: 1) To describe the effects on tobacco consumption after the gradual implementation of tobacco control policies in a hospital; 2) to evaluate the progression of tobacco control policies in hospitals members of the XCHsF before and after the implementation of Law 28/2005, 3) To assess the impact of tobacco control Law 28/2005 on exposure to SHS in public hospitals in Catalonia, before (2005) and after (2006) its implementation. 4) To describe the levels of SHS by the assessment of PM2.5 particles in a sample of European hospitals in 2007; 5) to evaluate the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program addressed to hospital workers. Methodology: Five studies have been conducted, which were: a series of cross-sectional surveys, a pre-post evaluation of tobacco control measures, two studies for the assessment of SHS- one in Catalonia, and another in 7 European countries- and a study evaluating the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program. Results: The tobacco consumption at one hospital dropped from 34.5% in 2001 to 30.6% in 2006. Smokers changed their consumption patterns with the reduction of the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the decrease of daily smokers. The average score of the implementation of tobacco control policies in hospitals was 52.4 (95% CI 45.4 to 59.5) in 2005 and 71.6 (95% CI 67.0 to 76.2) in 2007 (up 36.7%). The average median concentration of nicotine decreased 56.5% after the implementation of Law 28/2005. However, nicotine was found in hospitals halls, emergency rooms, fire escapes and cafeterias. The median concentrations of PM2.5 in a sample of 30 European hospitals were low (3.0 ug/m3). The abstinence probability of the XCHsF tobacco cessation program at 6 months was 0.504 (95% CI 0.431 to 0.570). Workers with higher nicotine dependence showed a lower likelihood of abstinence (0.376, 95% CI: .256 to .495) than the low-dependence (0.529, 95% CI 0.458 to 0.599). There is a high probability of abstinence among workers treated with combined drug therapy (bupropion and nicotine replacement) (0.761, 95% CI 0.588 to 0.933). Conclusions: Tobacco control policies in hospitals are associated with a slight decline in smoking consumption, reduction of levels of SHS, and high probability of abstinence at 6 months.
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Hobson, Kersty Pamela. "Talking habits into action : an investigation into Global Action Plan's 'Action at home' programme." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368092.
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Jonsson, Johanna. "Reforming Consumption Habits Through Product Design : Design for Sustainable Development through prolonging product lifetime." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44804.
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This study, that is a research and product development process, is based on sustainable development and the negative impacts of the growing consumption, and wear-and-tear habits of today’s society. The way we handle our resources, from mine to landfill cause devastating effects on the climate. LAST, is a multi-functional table made from wooden waste materials, that represents product design that allows the user to build a strong, long-lasting relationship with the product. The table is versatile, allows easy dismantling and incorporates qualities that create an incentive for the user to build an attachment to it to increase its lifetime. This has been done through applying different strategies within emotional design, product attachment and design for sustainability as well as applying knowledge within timeless design, aesthetic nourishment. The Japanese philosophy of Wabi Sabi has acted as inspiration to help navigate the projects design proposal that could allow for the user to appreciate their product for longer and indorse product longevity. The research question for the study is as follows: How can you promote product longevity by means of product design for sustainable development?
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Opoku-Acheampong, Audrey Anima. "Assessing physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption patterns of college students." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17557.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Human Nutrition
Tandalayo Kidd
Objective: The aims of this study were to test the effectiveness of a 15-month intervention in reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among college students and to assess fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity habits and their relationship to SSB consumption in order to improve health outcomes. Design: Randomized, controlled study. Participants: One hundred and fifty-six college students (18-24 y) from a Midwestern university, primarily female (72%), white (89%) and freshmen (51%). Intervention: Participants were randomized to control and intervention groups. Participants in the control group received no information on healthful behaviors. The intervention occurred in two stages: 1) Participants received three stage-tailored messages on healthful behaviors weekly for 10 weeks; 2) After the 3-month physical assessment, participants received 3 stage-tailored messages monthly and one email encouraging them to visit the portal page. Main Outcome Measure(s): Stages of Change for physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake; self-reported physical activity scores, self-reported fruit and vegetable intake and SSB consumption habits. Analysis: Changes in SSB consumption patterns were determined using generalized linear mixed models and linear regression models tested associations between fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity and SSB consumption. Linear mixed models were used to explore relationship between stage of change and fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity. Results: The 15-month intervention did not significantly reduce SSB consumption in the intervention group (p > 0.05). Participants recorded low fruit and vegetable intake and moderate physical activity scores. Conclusions and Implications: The high SSB consumption and low fruit and vegetable intake observed could increase students’ risk for weight gain and obesity-related conditions. Thus, college campuses can help student maintain physical activity behavior while helping them to improve their eating habits.
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Jönsson, Kristian. "Macroeconomic aspects of capital flows to small open economies in transition." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-540.
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With the internationalization of financial markets, short-term capital flows to emerging market economies have become an important phenomenon in the world. The papers in this dissertation are concerned with investigating the effects of such flows in the receiving countries. The analysis is cast in a dynamic general equilibrium framework for small open economies. Two of the papers are quantitative investigations of the forces at work in small and relatively poor economies that liberalize trade and capital flows. The common approach of these papers is that of a computational experiment: calibrated simulations constitute a test of whether the models can explain certain dynamics which we observe in the data. The first paper investigates whether a calibrated two-sector neoclassical growth model can explain the magnitudes and the timing of capital flows in the Baltic countries after the fall of the Soviet Union. The results indicate that it can, and that the large and persistent trade deficits which we observe in the data need not be a reason to worry. However, the model also tells us that a reversal of capital flows and large sectoral adjustments lie ahead of the Baltic countries. In the second paper, the focus is on modelling the observed co-movement between consumption and the real exchange rate in Spain, which experienced large capital inflows following the entry into the European Community in 1986. In accordance with episodes of trade liberalization elsewhere, consumption in Spain boomed and the real exchange rate appreciated for several years after 1986. Standard two-sector models with traded and non-traded goods have problems accounting for these facts. The paper explores some mechanisms that can improve the standard modelling framework, and evaluates their quantitative importance in calibrated simulations for Spain. The third paper studies the government’s optimal bailout policy in an environment where sudden stops of capital flows cause financial crises in a small open economy. Real world events, such as the financial crises in the South East Asian countries in 1997, motivate the analysis. Compared to the previous essays, the paper is different in its nature in that it develops a highly stylized environment to analytically study the government’s optimal bailout policy. The paper shows that the government should optimally commit to a policy that only partially protects private debtors against inefficient liquidation.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2004
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Wilcox, Dawn. "The effect of social pressure on eating habits of college students /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131458615.pdf.
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Thorstensson, Lisa. "Design för ett hållbart samhälle : En undersökning om hållbar design samt dess drivkrafter och hinder." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-62240.
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Sustainable design - a study on sustainable design and its incentives and barriers The purpose of this study was to investigate the incentives and barriers existing within companies focusing on eco-design. The aim was also to examine the consumers’ thoughts on eco-design and sustainable products. A further aim was to try to concretize important lessons for future work on sustainable production and consumption. Two methods were used for completing this study; a literature study and a practical study consisting of interviews with companies focusing on eco-design and a survey among students. The result shows that durable goods over the last decades have had a varied revenue growth, showing an increasing trend over recent years. The result also shows a slightly increasing trend on sustainable consumption and production. The main incentives presented in the result were based on some form of recognition of the unsustainable attitude in our society. Among existing barriers the most prominent was associated to economic issues, ignorance and material problems. The result of the survey showed that consumers ranked factors related to eco-design among those who are least considered. For the work towards a sustainable future, people with a similar attitude as the ones involved in the interviewed companies are of great importance. There also seems to be a need for altered market conditions, but this would require a dramatic behavioral change.
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YAMADA, SHIN'YA, KATSUMI YAMANAKA, SHIN'YA ISHIHARA, HISATAKA SAKAKIBARA, TAKA-AKI KONDO, MASASHI FURUTA, and MASARU MIYAO. "The Relationship of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Obesity, Drinking and Smoking Habits." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17534.
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Beiswenger, Lisa Marie. "Entertainment, Provisioning, and Shopping Habits at North Market, Columbus, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337371101.
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Mak, Tsz Ning. "Relationship of the eating environment and fruit and vegetable consumption in UK children." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607917.
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Ede, James, Sophia Graine, and Chris Rhodes. "Moving Towards Sustainable Food Consumption : Identifying Barriers to Sustainable Student Diets." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3354.
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Adopting more sustainable consumption habits has been identified as a necessary step in the progression towards a sustainable society. In the area of sustainable consumption, personal food behaviour represents a strong leverage point. University students have been identified as a strategic audience; habits established during this transformative period can track forward into later life. This study seeks to identify the barriers inhibiting students from eating more sustainably. Perceived benefits of eating more sustainably, student food preferences, and student definitions of sustainable food are also identified. Focus groups, surveys, and interviews were carried out at universities in Europe, North America and Australia. Results show that perceived cost of sustainable food and a lack of knowledge, time and availability were ubiquitous barriers preventing students from adopting more sustainable eating habits. In addition to gathering the perceptions of others, the authors’ understanding of the challenges and benefits of eating more sustainably was augmented by a month-long self-study. Results from the self-study show that it is feasible to eat more sustainably without incurring additional costs. Recommendations informed by the focus groups, surveys, interviews and self-study are made to help students overcome the barriers to eating more sustainably.
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Tschida, Anne-Marie. "The Wisconsin fresh fruit and vegetable program." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007tschidaa.pdf.
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Vicens, de Sanchez Lizette. "Dona Elena twenty-seven years later /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1986. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10620084.
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Pérez, Albela Rodríguez Marcela, Pereira Maria Paz Vásquez, Azuero Soren Fabricius Acevedo, and Chávez Renzo Mauricio Málaga. "Asociación entre el hábito de fumar y frecuencia de consumo de frutas y verduras en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652707.
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Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas se desarrollan por un conjunto de factores de riesgo que en muchos de los casos se pueden prevenir. Entre estos factores destacan el consumo de tabaco y la baja ingesta de frutas y verduras.
Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico realizado en una universidad privada de Lima, 2018. La población estudiada comprendió universitarios de 18 a 26 años.
Resultados: Se encuestaron 233 estudiantes, de los cuales solo 215 cumplían con las características de la población de interés, 101 (47%) mujeres y 114 (53%) hombres. La media de edad de los encuestados fue de 21.37 años. En los encuestados el 19 % (n=41) nunca ha consumido tabaco, el 16% (n=35) no consumió en el último mes, el 38 % (n=81) son fumadores ocasionales y 27% (n=58) son fumadores diarios. Los estudiantes encuestados que tienen un consumo adecuado de frutas y verduras representan el 7.44% (n=16). Se encontró una asociación entre fumar y el consumo de frutas y verduras (valor p=0,0001), y, al observar la media de consumo de porciones de frutas y verduras por día para cada categoría de hábito de fumar, se vio que, a mayor consumo de tabaco, menor consumo de frutas y verduras.
Conclusión: Se encontró una relación entre el hábito de fumar y el consumo de frutas y verduras, pero es importante evidenciar los altos porcentajes de los factores de riesgo de consumo de tabaco y baja ingesta de frutas y verduras en la población estudiada.Introduction: Chronic diseases are developed by a set of risk factors that in many cases can be prevented. These factors include tobacco consumption and low intake of fruits and vegetables. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out at a private university in Lima, during the first academic semester in 2018. The population studied comprised universitity students from 18 to 26 years old. Results: 233 students were surveyed, of whom only 215 met the characteristics of the population of interest, 101 (47%) women and 114 (53%) men. The mean age of the respondents was 21.37 years. In the respondents, 19% (n = 41) had never used tobacco, 16% (n = 35) had not used in the last month, 38% (n = 81) were occasional smokers and 27% (n = 58) they are daily smokers. The surveyed students who have an adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables represent 7.44% (n = 16). An association was found between smoking and the consumption of fruits and vegetables (p value = 0.0001), and, when observing the average consumption of portions of fruits and vegetables per day for each category of smoking, it was evidenced that, the higher the consumption of tobacco, the lower the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Conclusion: In our study, a relationship was found between smoking and the consumption of fruits and vegetables, but it is important to note the high percentages of risk factors for tobacco use and low intake of fruits and vegetables in the study population.
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Watkiss, Singleton Rosalind. "'Old habits persist' : change and continuity in Black Country communities : Pensnett, Sedgley and Tipton, 1945-c.1970." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/129932.
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This thesis examines continuity and change in the three Black Country localities of Pensnett, Tipton and Sedgley between 1945 and c1970. The dominant historiography of the period suggests that the prosperity of post-war British society, the safety-net of state welfare provision and unprecedented levels of consumer spending mostly eradicated the inter-war behaviour patterns of individuals, families and communities. Utilising the oral testimony of sixty residents from the three localities, and supplemented by a range of primary sources, the thesis demonstrates that growing affluence impacted only marginally upon the customary social mores of the lowermiddle and working-class inhabitants. Whilst aspirations to new housing and increased consumption affected perceptions of status and social standing, the economic strategies of the pre-war period prevailed. The thesis evaluates the effect of affluence upon earning, spending and saving. It questions assumptions that the support of kinship networks, matrilocality and community cohesion disappeared as slums were replaced with new housing estates. It demonstrates that the Welfare State impacted little upon attitudes to income and employment and that the wages derived from formal employment were augmented by informal work, penny-capitalist ventures and illicit activities. It shows that despite embracing the consumer society, families within these localities adhered to traditional methods of shopping and the financing of consumption. The thesis challenges the work of a range of historians who have emphasised change over continuity in characterisations of British society in the post-war period and endorses Hoggart’s claims that despite post-war innovations “old habits persist”
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Mugwe, Bridget Gathoni. "Impact of change of News Consumption habits onConsumer Engagement: : A study of multi-screeners in the Kenyan context." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150816.
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News consumption the world over is rapidly changing with the evolution of the technology.News companies and agencies have long adhered to their traditional business models in the hopes of continuing to reap revenue and profits, but the increasingly rapid change in technology and society’s consumption habits, they have been forced to look at new methods and ways to retain their consumers and consumer engagement. Most companies until now are somewhat only catching up to the latest trends.Multi-screening is one of the latest trends in media consumption particularly with marketing, advertising, television and music. But, how are people consuming news on multiple screens? This report has looked at news consumption on multiple screens (or multi-screens) and how this has affected the changing news consumption habits of people in the Kenyan market (society). Naturally, changing consumption habits in a market result in an impact in profitability of the various products and/or services that a company is offering. Consequently, I have looked at the effects of the changing consumption habits on profitability in Kenyan news companies and progressed into providing suggestions for solutions that may be implemented(1) a community based consumption business model (2) creating and leveraging innovative content. These come about as a result of the one thread that is evident: Kenyan news consumption revolves around the community. And, news is an integral part of each and every community. This report was written and the research conducted by myself, based on the Kenyan Society.Nyhetskonsumtion världen över förändras snabbt med teknikens utveckling. Nyhetsföretag och byråer har länge hållit fast vid sina traditionella affärsmodeller i förhoppning om fortsatta intäkter och vinster, men den ökande förändringstakten inom teknik och samhällets konsumtionsvanor, har de tvingats se till nya metoder och sätt att behålla sina kunder och deras engagemang. De flesta företag hittills har knappt börjat komma ikapp de senaste trenderna.Multi-screening är en av de senaste trenderna inom mediekonsumtion speciellt inom marknadsföring, annonsering, tv och musik. Men, hur konsumerar folk nyheter på flera skärmar (multi-screening)? Denna rapport har observerar nyhetskonsumtion på flera skärmar (eller multi-skärmar) och hur detta påverkat de förändrade nyhetskonsumtionsvanorna för folket på den Kenyanska marknaden (samhället). Naturligtvis, förändrade konsumtionsvanor på en marknad resulterar i en påverkan på resultatet för de olika produkter och/eller tjänster som ett företag erbjuder. Följaktligen, har jag tittat på de effekter de förändrade konsumtionsvanorna har på lönsamhet i Kenyanska nyhetsföretag och ger förslag på lösningar som kan implementeras (1) en samhällsbaserad konsumtionsaffärsmodell (2) skapa och utnyttja innovativt innehåll. Dessa kommer som ett resultat av den uppenbara tråden: Kenyansk nyhetskonsumtion kretsar kring samhället. Och, nyheter är en integral del av varje samhälle. Rapporten skrevs och undersökningen genomfördes av mig själv, baserat på det Kenyanska samhället.
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Saisekar, Avantika. "Did Consumers Really Change Their Consumption Habits After the 2008 Recession? A Look into Consumer Expenditure Using Milton Friedman's Permanent Income Hypothesis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/508.
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This paper focuses on the consumer expenditure habits in the years following the 2008 recession as compared to Milton Freidman’s Permanent Income Hypothesis. Panel data collected at the household level from the Consumer Expenditure Survey was used to analyze the change in consumption based on the change in income for the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. To achieve a greater understanding of expenditure patterns, this essay also analyzes the income elasticity of demand for elastic goods including expenditure on apparel, food eaten at restaurants, entertainment and transportation. With the use of panel and time series regressions we find that the Permanent Income Hypothesis holds true and consumers only marginally responded to a change in income in their consumption patterns. We hypothesize that the large spike in savings that was seen in May of 2008 resulted because of low consumer confidence, which in turn lead to a change in transitory consumption. Furthermore, we find that older adults spent more money on elastic goods than younger adults. This may be because older adults tend to have other assets that can financially support them in the case of a drastic change in income.
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Kang, Le. "Food consumption behaviour patterns of Chinese students registered at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology and the University of the Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/958.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007Chinese students study in South Africa on account of the English environment and cheaper tuition fees. Owing to the increased Chinese student population in South Africa, a potential Chinese food market is being mooted, and it is therefore necessary to undertake research to define this potential market opportunity in order to provide information to entrepreneurs who are interested in establishing a business in the Chinese food market in the Cape Metropolis. Chinese students who are studying at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) and the University of the Western Cape (UWC) will be the focus of the research. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the food consumption behaviour of these students and their attitudes towards Chinese and South African foods. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on the demographic characteristics of Chinese students, their current food consumption habits and attitudes towards Chinese and South African food. The data collection and analysis was computed by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences methodology. The results reflected that students generally prefer not to eat at home and that they eat both Chinese and South African food alternately. Furthermore, the attitudes towards of the respondents towards Chinese and South African foods are influenced by factors such as freshness, convenience and availability.
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Folch-Serra, Mireya. "Communicating food images : women's consumption patterns and attitudes in a Mexican village." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66167.
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Schmid, Neset Tina-Simone. "Environmental imprint of human food consumption : Linköping, Sweden 1870-2000 /." Linköping : Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-3592.
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Waller, Natalie. "Bloom : Thoughts for food— re-thinking the norms of (toxic) consumption and masculinity." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104112.
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An exploration of the idea that tangible change could be made in the world when norms are unsettled rather than reinforced or left untouched. Bloom focuses on creating a space for the individual to re-define the outdated, toxic norms surrounding masculinity to explore ‘what men can be’. This is tied into questioning ‘what food can be’ — now and in the future — in relation to the norm of consuming animal food products in western societies. In collaboration with people who have actively reduced their meat consumption or identify as plant based or vegan, I have aspired to use my practice as a visual communicator to illustrate connections and reveal hidden narratives of these individuals who are already challenging these norms as change agents within society. The outcome is the Bloom Box — an interactive box containing their stories visualised with ‘out of the norm’ plant foods.
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Shin, Hyung-Cheol. "Determinants of an optimal exchange rate regime : production composition, economic size, shock structure, consumption habits, and presence of "original sin" /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Lammikko, Marleena. "An exploration of Generation Z’s habits and needs considering news consumption : A case study in the Swedish and Finnish market." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261621.
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In today’s media landscape news consumption is characterized by the consumers’ reliance on multiple platforms, which has led to the rapid expansion of availability of the news sources on different platforms. Despite this increase, studies show a consistent decrease in news consumption. Even though the time people spend consuming news is decreasing, the interest towards the news has remained somewhat the same. This indicates the market is not offering the consumers what they expect to get. In order to find out what the audience expects, this exploratory study aims to gain better understanding of the news consumption habits of Generation Z in the Finnish and Swedish market by using an online survey (N=219) and semistructured interviews (N=10). This study indicates that Generation Z is highly dependent on their phones when it comes to their news consumption. Contrary to their other media needs, Generation Z prefers text as a news format, and formality and transparency from the content. The news sites and the stories should be as simple and condensed as possible in order to limit Generation Z’s information overload. On the other hand, customization, adjustable platforms and high-quality content are expected from the news as from any other media product. According to the research findings it can be stated that there is a mismatch with what the audience wants and what the media houses are offering them. In order for the media houses to grow their market share among Generation Z, they should better know the needs of their audience.I dagens medielandskap präglas nyhetskonsumtion av konsumenters beroende till flera olika plattformar, vilket har lett till en snabb expansion av tillgänglighet bland nyhetskällor på flera olika plattformar. Trots denna ökning visar studier på en konsekvent minskning i konsumtion av nyheter. Även om den tid som människor spenderar på att konsumera nyheter har minskat så har intresset för nyheter varit desamma. Detta tyder på att marknaden inte erbjuder konsumenterna vad de förväntar sig att få. För att ta reda på vad publiken förväntar sig, syftar den här studien till att få en bättre förståelse kring generation Zs nyhetsvanor på den finska och svenska marknaden genom att använda en onlineundersökning (N = 219) och semistrukturerade intervjuer (N = 10). Denna studie visar att Generation Z är mycket beroende av sina telefoner när det kommer till deras nyhetskonsumtion. I motsats till deras andra mediebehov, föredrar Generation Z text som ett nyhetsformat samt formalitet och öppenhet kring innehållet. Nyhetssidorna och dess artiklar bör vara så enkla och komprimerade som möjligt för att begränsa Generation Zs informationsöverbelastning. Å andra sidan förväntas anpassning, justerbara plattformar och högkvalitativt innehåll från nyheterna så som från andra medieprodukter. Enligt forskningsresultaten kan man konstatera att det finns en felmatchning mellan vad publiken önskar och vad mediehusen erbjuder dem. För att mediehusen ska kunna öka sin marknadsandel bland Generation Z bör de få en bättre insikt i publikens behov.
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Matsubayashi, Jun. "Spatio-temporal changes of salmon consumption by brown bears: An example of human-induced alterations in marine-terrestrial linkage." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199137.
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Glass, James. "Qualitative analysis: viewing, consumption and usability of SVO." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668491.
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This research examines Subscription Video On-Demand (SVOD) using Netflix as one of the main examples that has seen a dramatic increase in usage in recent years compared to the traditional way of viewing content through television.
Using focus group sessions and an online survey, a qualitative analysis approach is used by way of a thematic analysis to elaborate and gain insight into the phenomenon of SVOD within our society which has allowed viewers to alter time shifting and self-scheduling habits. Watching online film and television over the internet, forces the breakdown of the traditional value chain of viewing methods as well as consumption of it.
This research aims to narrow this research gap surrounding SVOD. The results will be used to add value to the research area of this growing and changing phenomenon of online TV consumption with SVOD.Aquesta recerca estudia el vídeo a la carta de pagament (SVOD, en anglès) a partir de l'exemple de Netflix, el qual ha vist un increment considerable de consum al llarg dels últims anys, especialment comparat amb els mitjans de comunicació tradicionals. A través de focus group i una enquesta en línia, es fa una anàlisi qualitativa que parteix d'un estudi temàtic, a fi d'elaborar i obtenir una idea del fenomen de l'SVOD dintre de la nostra societat. Aquest fenomen ha permès als espectadors alterar els hàbits d'horari d'ús i d'autoprogramació. Veure pel·licules i televisió a través d'internet força a trencar la cadena tradicional de valor dels mètodes de visionat així com el consum dels mateixos.
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Moon, Nike, and Eszter Bordi. "Sustainable apparel consumption: the attitude-behavior gap among Swedish consumers : An exploratory study on Millennials and Generation X consumers´ purchasing habits." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44272.
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This thesis aims to investigate sustainable apparel purchasing habits from customers’ perspective with an emphasis on attitude-behaviour towards the phenomenon. Furthermore, the possible attitude-behaviour gaps are detected throughout the research, illustrating dissimilarities in sustainable apparel consumption and discrepancies between actual purchasing action and consumer attitude. The study analyses Swedish consumption patterns, within Millennials and Generation X consumers by using a qualitative research strategy, where participants have the ability to express their perceptions on the concept and evaluate on their post-purchases. Two chosen models are used as fundamental pillars in understanding essential purchasing actions. The findings contribute to the models while also develop theories based on them.
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Sultan-Khan, Maria-Elena. "An Aboriginal Perspective of the Influences of Food Intake." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31720.
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Background: The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore the existing research on the determinants and influential factors of eating decisions made by Aboriginal peoples and provide insight from the perspective of Aboriginal peoples living off-reserve in Ottawa, Ontario. Methods: This study was comprised of a convenience sample of 12 Aboriginal individuals from a local Aboriginal community centre. Participants were asked to conduct a personal food diary of their meals for a period of 3 days, followed by a one-on-one semi-structured interview. The interviews were designed to explore: 1) knowledge and perspectives of healthy eating 2) knowledge and perspectives of Health Canada’s Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide – First Nations, Inuit and Métis, 3) perception of influential factors 4) self-efficacy and 5) common barriers in making food choices. Results: 1) Except for the senior participants, healthy food knowledge did not translate into healthy food choices for most participants; 2) Most participants had not seen a copy of the Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide – First Nations, Inuit and Métis, and all participants felt they were not influenced by it when making eating decisions; 3) The main themes of influential factors were concluded to be: taste preference, availability, convenience, “had no choice”, health reasons, “easy to make”, low in cost, following a diet or “food schedule,” hunger or thirst, “needed something quick”, nearby location (of store or restaurant), being tired or lazy and being in a routine; 4) Most participants perceived themselves as having control over their eating decisions regardless of situational factors and level of motivation varied between participants; 5) Time, financial constraints, having a busy schedule and being unprepared for meals were identified as possible barriers. Conclusions: Either version of the food guide should be developed into a more flexible and convenient tool such as a mobile application. Local community centres should consider providing workshops in food preparation, and to strengthen skills such as understanding food labels of market foods to ease the transition to living off-reserve. Future Implications: Policy makers at the federal, provincial and municipal levels should work together and strengthen their communication strategies in order to coordinate the development and implementation of future interventions.
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LIMBERGER, MARCOS ALEXANDRE. "STUDY OF THE WHITE TARIFF FOR HOUSEHOLD CONSUMERS BY MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND BY THE SURVEY OF POSSESSION AND HABITS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27474@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROEsta dissertação de mestrado teve por objetivo demonstrar, por meio da análise de medições inteligentes e de pesquisas de posse de equipamentos e hábitos de uso (PPHs), quais os perfis de consumidores residenciais que poderão se beneficiar caso adotem a tarifa branca, reduzindo os custos de suas faturas de energia sem comprometer drasticamente seu conforto e tornando seu consumo de energia mais sustentável. Foi realizado um estudo de caso na área de concessão da distribuidora Coelce. A motivação para realização desse estudo de caso resultou do fato de ser um tema novo para o consumidor residencial brasileiro, com escassa literatura nacional, e que será objeto de diversos questionamentos, exigindo uma postura mais ativa do consumidor no sentindo de gerenciar seu consumo e reduzir os desperdícios, tornando mais complexa as relações consumidor versus concessionária e consumo de energia. A metodologia se utiliza do tratamento de dados e análises estatísticas de medições provenientes de medidores eletrônicos providos de memória de massa que registram leituras de consumo a cada 15 minutos em alguns equipamentos e no ramal de entrada. Utilizaram-se informações de PPHs como apoio às análises. Os resultados permitiram identificar quais as faixas de consumo que mais se beneficiariam da adesão à tarifa branca, quais equipamentos podem ter seu consumo deslocado e quais ações de gerenciamento de carga podem vir a ser adotadas. Concluiu-se que 55 por cento dos consumidores seriam beneficiados pela tarifa branca – outros 25 por cento teriam potencial –, obtendo descontos de 1,62 por cento a 14,60 por cento em suas faturas de energia.
This thesis aimed to demonstrate, through the analysis of intelligent measurement and survey of possession and habits (PPHs), which profiles of residential consumers that will be able to benefit if they adopt the white-tariff, cutting down the costs of their energy bills without quite compromising your comfort, and making your consumption of energy more sustainable. A case study was done conducted in the concession area of the Coelce power utility. The motivation for conducting this case study resulted from the fact that it is a new theme for Brazilian household consumers, with little national literature, and will be subject to several questions, requiring a more active stance of the consumer to manage their consumption and reduce the losses, becoming more complex the relationship as consumer versus utility and energy consumption. The methodology makes use of data processing and statistical analysis of measurements from smart meters equipped with mass memory which record consumption readings every 15 minutes in some equipment and the input extension of energy. PPHs information were used as supporting analyzes. The results showed which are the ranges of consumption that would most benefit from joining the white-tariff, which equipment may have shifted their energy consumption and what actions of load management can be adopted. The conclusion was reached that 55 percent of consumers would be benefited by the white tariff – another 25 percent had potential – getting discounts of 1.62 percent to 14.60 percent on their energy bills.
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Kuck, Jennifer M. "Differences in dietary patterns by breakfast consumption and weight status in US Adolescence." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211406587.
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Sanches, Michele. "Alimentação fora do domicilio : a atitude do consumidor frente a informação nutricional dos alimentos disponibilizada por restaurantes, Campinas - SP." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256224.
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Orientador: Elisabete SalayTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Ha um extenso rol de evidencias cientificas revelando um aumento no consumo de alimentos fora do domicilio. Dessa forma, o fornecimento das informacoes nutricionais pelos restaurantes constitui-se numa ferramenta que pode auxiliar os individuos a realizarem suas escolhas alimentares (fora de casa) de maneira mais consciente. Os objetivos principais da presente pesquisa sao: identificar a frequencia de consumo das refeicoes realizadas fora do domicilio pelos consumidores, avaliar a atitude no tocante a informacao nutricional disponibilizada em restaurantes, determinar o nivel do conhecimento nutricional e identificar associacoes estatisticamente significativas entre a atitude, o conhecimento e variaveis socioeconomicas e demograficas dos individuos. Este estudo foi conduzido com 250 consumidores adultos (125 de cada genero) residentes no municipio de Campinas (SP). O instrumento utilizado foi um questionario previamente testado. Para avaliar a atitude dos entrevistados elaborou-se uma escala Likert. A fim de identificar o nivel do conhecimento nutricional usou-se um questionario composto por 56 questoes referentes ao conhecimento dos alimentos fontes de alguns nutrientes e da relação entre dieta-doenca. A identificacao da atitude referente as informacoes nutricionais disponibilizadas nos restaurantes foi feita atraves do calculo da media, do desvio-padrao, da porcentagem das respostas de cada categoria da escala e do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Com o intuito de identificar associacoes significativas entre a atitude referente as informacoes nutricionais disponibilizadas nos servicos de alimentacao e o conhecimento nutricional com as variaveis socioeconomicas e demograficas utilizou-se a Regressão Linear Multipla. Para verificar a associacao entre a frequencia de consumo do almoço realizado em diferentes locais com as caracteristicas socioeconomicas e demográficas foram utilizados o teste t de Student, a Analise da Variancia (ANOVA) e o Teste de LSD de Fisher. E, finalmente, para diagnosticar uma relacao entre a atitude sobre a informação nutricional e o conhecimento nutricional utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlacao de Pearson. Os resultados revelaram que 98% da amostra costumava almocar fora de casa e esta foi a refeicao realizada mais frequentemente fora do domicilio, o restaurante utilizado com maior frequencia para realizar o almoco foi o do tipo self service, sendo que o fator considerado de maior importancia para a escolha do estabelecimento foi a higiene. Cerca de 78% dos consumidores entrevistados concordaram muito que as informacoes nutricionais dos alimentos oferecidos nos restaurantes sao fundamentais para consumidores que necessitam ter uma dieta especifica. Encontrou-se que 54,8% revelaram uma atitude extremamente positiva em relacao as informacoes nutricionais disponibilizadas nos restaurantes. Com relacao ao conhecimento nutricional, verificou-se que 50% dos participantes obtiveram notas superiores a 6,3 para o conhecimento dos nutrientes e, acima de 7,5 para a relação dieta-doenca. Os testes estatisticos detectaram associacoes significativas entre a freqüência de consumo das refeicoes fora de casa, o nivel de conhecimento nutricional e a atitude com as variaveis socioeconomicas e demograficas. Identificou-se uma associacao positiva entre a atitude referente as informacoes nutricionais e o conhecimento nutricional dos individuos. Os resultados desta pesquisa podem apoiar o desenvolvimento de programas governamentais na area de informacao nutricional. Eles sustentam a importancia de se desenhar campanhas para grupos especificos da populacao para a promocao de uma alimentacao saudavel
Abstract: There is an extensive roll of scientific evidences disclosing an increase in the food consumption outside the home. In this way, the supply of nutritional information by the restaurants consists in a tool that can assist the individuals to carry out their alimentary choices (outside home) in a more conscientious way. The main objectives of the present research are: to identify the frequency of consumption of the meals eaten outside the home for the consumers, to evaluate the attitude regarding to the nutritional information available in restaurants, to determine the level of the nutritional knowledge and to identify associations statistically significant between the attitude, the knowledge and socioeconomic and demographic variables of the individuals. This study was led with 250 adult consumers (125 of gender) residents in the city of Campinas (SP). The instrument used was a questionnaire previously tested. To evaluate interviewees¿ attitude a Likert scale was elaborated. In order to identify the level of the nutritional knowledge it was used a questionnaire composed by 56 questions regarding to the knowledge of food sources of some nutrients and the relation between diet-disease. The identification of the attitude regarding to the nutritional information available in restaurants was made through the calculation of the average, the standard-deviation, the percentage of the answers of each category of the scale and the alpha coefficient of Cronbach. It was used the Multiple Linear Regression with the intention to identify significant association between the attitude referring to the nutritional information available in the food services and the nutritional knowledge with the socio-economic and demographic variables. To verify the association between the frequency of consumption of the lunch eaten in different places with the socioeconomic and demographic features it as used test t of Student, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Test of LSD of Fisher. And, finally, to diagnose a relation between the attitude on the nutritional information and the nutritional knowledge, the coefficient of correlation of Pearson was used. The results disclosed that 98% of the sample used to lunch outside the houses and this was the meal more frequently eaten outside home, the restaurant used more frequently to have lunch was one of the type self service, being hygiene the factor considered of higher importance for the choice of the establishment. About 78% of the interviewed consumers agreed a lot that the nutritional information of foods offered in the restaurants are basic for consumers who need to have a specific diet. About 54,8% disclosed an extremely positive attitude in relation to the nutritional information available in the restaurants. In relation to the nutritional knowledge, it is verified that 50% of the participants got higher grades to 6,3 for the knowledge of the nutrients and, above 7,5 for the relation diet-disease. The statistical tests detected significant associations between the frequency of consumption of the meals outside the house, the level of nutritional knowledge and the attitude with the socio-economic and demographic variables. A positive association was identified between the attitude regarding to the nutritional information and the nutritional knowledge of the individuals. The results of this research can support the development of governmental programs in the area of nutritional information. They support the importance of campaigns for specific groups of the population for the promotion of a healthful feeding
Doutorado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição