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1
Gu, Anthony Yanxiang, and Chauchen Yang. "Short Sales Constraints and Return Volatility: Evidence from the Chinese A and H Share Markets." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 10, no. 04 (December 2007): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021909150700115x.
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Returns of the same companies' common stocks, both non-market-adjusted and market-adjusted, exhibit greater volatility, on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong where short selling is allowed than on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange where short selling is restrained. This unique evidence indicates that short selling increases stock price volatility for the Chinese stocks in the Chinese stock markets.
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Wang, Steven Shuye, Wei Li, and Louis T. W. Cheng. "The impact of H-share derivatives on the underlying equity market." Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 32, no. 3 (June 4, 2008): 235–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11156-008-0094-7.
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Zhang, Yang, and Wei Bai. "Turnover Rate and Speculative Bubble: Empirical Study on A-H Share of Dual-Listed Companies." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.810.
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In existing researches on the spread of A-H share dual-listed companies, turnover rate is generally regarded as a proxy for liquidity, which ignores the speculative meaning of turnover. In fact, high turnover rate often reflects strong speculative characteristics of investors in A share market. In this paper the true meaning of turnover rate is considered that it’s unreasonable to use turnover rate as a proxy for liquidity. The turnover rate of dual-listed companies is not reflected as liquidity but speculation in A share market. And the meaning of turnover rate of dual-listed companies is not clear in H share market.
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Xu, Nan, and Songsong Li. "Segment Stock Market, Foreign Investors, and Cross-Correlation: Evidence from MF-DCCA and Spillover Index." Complexity 2020 (September 23, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5836142.
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Employing the tools of multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA) and Diebold–Yilmaz spillover index (D.Y. spillover index), we examine the effect that the foreign investors have on the cross-correlations between the two-segment stock markets, that are the accessible and the inaccessible stock markets, and the other ten respective stock markets. The shares cross-listed by the same corporates on both the A-share and H-share stock markets of China serve as the best sample to compile the two stock indices, which stands for the inaccessible stock market (AHA) and the accessible stock market (AHH), respectively. Empirical results show that the cross-correlations between the two-segment stock markets and the other ten pairs are multifractal, the multifractal strength of cross-correlations is stronger in AHH than AHA, and the intensified growth of the multifractal cross-correlations in AHA can be seen as the increasing of the openness in the inaccessible market. The empirical result of D.Y. spillover index is consistent with the multifractal analysis above, and another interesting finding is that among the selected markets, the three markets with the strongest spillover effects with AHA and AHH are Taiwan, South Korea, and Singapore, respectively, and the weakest one is Australia during the sample scenarios.
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Ding, Yi-jun, and Yun Feng. "The impact of market trading mechanism on A-H share price premium." Applied Economics Letters 26, no. 7 (June 22, 2018): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1488045.
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Chong, Terence Tai-Leung, Shuo Yuan, and Isabel Kit-Ming Yan. "An Examination of the Underpricing of H-Share IPOs in Hong Kong." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 13, no. 04 (December 2010): 559–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091510002074.
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The main purpose of this paper is to study the empirical determinants of the underpricing of H-share initial public offerings (IPOs) during the 1993–2003 period. A special characteristic of H-shares is that they are shares of companies incorporated in China, but are also listed abroad. Our estimates indicate that the average IPO underpricing level of H-shares was about 16.8%. We find that the conventional explanations for the worldwide IPO underpricing are not adequate in explaining the underpricing level of H-shares. Some new factors that are important in explaining the underpricing phenomenon in H-shares are identified. We show that the degree of IPO underpricing is positively associated with market conditions prior to issuance. It is also negatively related to the range of the issuing prices as well as to the growth rate of historical profits. In addition, it is found that firms cross-listed in Hong Kong and America have higher underpricing levels.
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Chen, Jun, Alireza Tourani-Rad, and Ronghua Yi. "Short sales and price discovery of Chinese cross-listed firms." International Journal of Managerial Finance 12, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 408–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-02-2015-0025.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of short selling and margin trading on the price discovery and price informativeness of cross-listed firms, using a sample of Chinese firms listed on the China and Hong Kong stock exchanges. Design/methodology/approach – The sample consists of 67 Chinese cross-listed firms on A-share and H-share markets out of which 18 firms are allowed to be sold short/ traded on margin since March 2010. Using pre- and post-event period, the authors compare and contrast various market microstructure variables. The contributions of the home (A-share) and overseas (H-share) markets to the incorporation of new information into prices are calculated following the permanent-transitory approach of Gonzalo and Granger (1995) as well as the adverse selection component of Lin et al. (1995). Findings – The findings indicate that for the group of Chinese cross-listed firms that are not allowed to be sold short or bought on margin, the home (A-share) market contributes more to the price discovery process over time. However, for the group of cross-listed firms that are eligible for short selling and margin trading, the authors observe no significant difference in the contribution of either A- or H-share markets to the price discovery. The contribution of home market for these firms is even lower around the announcement of major events. The authors further find that while the short sale activities appears to be informative, measured by the adverse selection (AS) component of spread, on the whole they have not led the A-share markets to be more informative. Research limitations/implications – The sample of cross-listed Chinese firms that are allowed to be sold short or bought on margin are rather limited. Hence, the results should be read with some caution. Practical implications – The removal of short selling constraints appears to improve the contribution of the respective markets to the process price discovery, in the case for larger cross-listed firms. Originality/value – The authors shed new lights on how the introduction of short selling and margin trading impacts on the price discovery of the Chinese cross-listed firms. A further contribution of the study is the use of high frequency data, while most of the previous studies on the Chinese markets use daily data.
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Cheng, Andy Wui-Wing, Nikolai Sheung-Chi Chow, David Kam-Hung Chui, and Wing-Keung Wong. "The Three Musketeers Relationships between Hong Kong, Shanghai and Shenzhen Before and After Shanghai–Hong Kong Stock Connect." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 15, 2019): 3845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143845.
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This study examines the sustainability of financial integration between China (represented by Shenzhen and Shanghai) stock markets and Hong Kong stock market over the period of pre and post launch of the Stock Connect Scheme. This paper aims to fill the gap in the financial literature by providing empirical research on the dynamics of the financial integration process, and examining the sustainability of financial integration among the three Chinese stock markets. We apply cointegration and both linear and nonlinear causalities to investigate whether the Shanghai–Hong Kong Stock Connect has any impact on both market capitalizations and market indices of Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Shenzhen markets. Through cointegration tests and linear Granger causality techniques, it was found that the stock markets from mainland China are increasingly influencing the Hong Kong stock market after the introduction of the Stock Connect Scheme; however, when using nonlinear Granger causality analysis for confirming China market dominance, the result shows an reverse relationship whereby the Hong Kong stock market is still relevant to understand and predict China stock market after the introduction of the Stock Connect Scheme. Overall, our findings support the view that the Shanghai–Hong Kong Stock Connect has a significant impact on both market capitalizations and market indices of the Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Shenzhen markets, but Hong Kong stock market is still relevant to understand and predict China stock market after the introduction of the Stock Connect Scheme. The change in share premium difference between mainland China’s domestic A-share markets and Hong Kong’s H-share market could change investors’ appetites or sentiments. Further research includes examining whether there is any functional relationship including nonlinear relationship and studying the dynamic drivers of the relationships.
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Holguín-Veras, José. "Approximation model to estimate joint market share in off-hour deliveries: William H. Hart Professor." Logistics Research 4, no. 3-4 (January 17, 2012): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12159-012-0065-1.
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Li, Yongqing, Jinghui Liu, and Ian Eddie. "Share types and earnings management: Evidence from Chinese listed companies." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 2 (2011): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i2c2p4.
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This study contributes to the literature on the ownership structure by investigating the effect of special share types on the practice of earnings management in China. Equity ownership in listed Chinese companies have five different types: state-owned shares, legal person shares, employee shares, A-shares, and B- & H-shares, which is a phenomenon unique to the Chinese equity market. Empirical analysis shows that different share types and mixed ownership structure significantly affects the company’s earnings management. Using a sample of 544 listed Chinese company-years, this study finds that the state-owned shares and legal person shares are positively associated with earnings management. However, the proportion of B- & H-shares is not related to earnings management. In addition, empirical results also show evidence in support of a positive relationship between the proportion of A-shares and earnings management. These findings indicate that transferral of more state-owned shares and legal person shares to the public can mitigate earnings management. However, because currently in China shares are still largely owned by the state or legal persons, the magnitude of earnings management may be maintained at a high level. In addition, due to tradable A-shares has a positive relation with earnings management, holding a large proportion of A-shares still cannot effectively constrain earnings manipulation, which suggests that China’s ownership structure reform may not be highly successful as China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) expected. In achieving a better corporate governance practice, further structure reform is essential
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Gillespie, Donna R. "Teen Ambassador Leadership Kit (TALK)." Journal of Youth Development 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2012.121.
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Teen Ambassador Leadership Kit, (TALK), is an annual weekend retreat designed for teens interested in promoting and marketing 4-H in their communities. TALK organizers felt teens would benefit from an intensive weekend retreat focused on communication. TALK produces a network of educated and excited 4-H teens that are available to help with 4-H promotion and marketing. Participants arrive on Friday evening for team building activities, on Saturday they participate in one of the workshops offered and on Sunday morning each workshop group has the opportunity to share their completed projects and what they learned. At the conclusion of the retreat, teens are designated "County 4-H Ambassadors" and certificates of completion, professional business cards and polo shirts are presented. The TALK teen participants return home to share what they learned with their local county 4-H staff and help promote and market 4-H in their communities.
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Alihodžić, Almir. "Analysis Of Non-Performing Loans Movement And Profitability Of The Banking Market In BH." Economic Themes 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 332–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2014-0021.
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Abstract The main motive of business operations of any bank is to achieve the highest profit possible and utilise it to increase dividends to shareholders, as well as to create conditions to increase their financial and credit potential by reinvesting in shares. The most important quality indicator of a loan portfolio is the share of non-performing loans to total operating assets and liabilities. In the first quarter of 2013, a trend of increasing non-performing loans in the legal entities sector increased by 2.6%, while there was stagnation with the population, i.e. slight decrease. The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of the global financial crisis on the movement tendency of non-performing loans in the banking market in B&H, and their interdependence with the movement of profitability indicators by a simple regression equation.
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Berta, Nathalie, and Elodie Bertrand. "MARKET INTERNALIZATION OF EXTERNALITIES: WHAT IS FAILING?" Journal of the History of Economic Thought 36, no. 3 (July 17, 2014): 331–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837214000364.
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The usual internalization of externality ‘by the market’ can be thought of through two different exchange modes: competitive markets, with Kenneth J. Arrow (1969); or bargaining, with Ronald H. Coase (1960). Although, in both cases, ‘externality’ refers to a non-exchanged effect that produces suboptimalities, these authors are working with two different, implicit conceptions of externality, rooted in different analytical worlds and calling for different institutions—parametric prices for the former but not for the latter. Moreover, while both start out with different theoretical frameworks, the authors share a concern for realism and unite when they introduce transaction costs, both advocating a policy design that calls for taking into account the costs of the different solutions. Nevertheless, this introduction of transaction costs does not itself escape consistency problems, since they do both maintain a reference to their respective ideal worlds.
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Nurrachmi, Intan. "PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP PERLUASAN PANGSA PASAR PRODUK DANA TALANGAN HAJI DI BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI KCP UJUNGBERUNG DAN KCP RANCAEKEK BANDUNG." Jurnal MAPS (Manajemen dan Perbankan Syariah) 2, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32483/maps.v2i1.12.
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This study departs from the hajj bailout financing facility which is a booming product because of the customer's interest, but in this case there is a difference in the target achievement between Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) Ujungberung KCP which is less successful in improving the hajj bailout products while the Rancaekek KCP is very superior in one consolidation Ahmad Yani Branch Office Bandung. This is what is interesting for researchers to carry out this research, the difference constraints include service quality and promotion factors. This phenomenon raises problems that must be examined, namely how the influence of service quality and promotion of market share expansion products hajj bailouts at Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Ujungberung and KCP Rancaekek Bandung. This study aims academically to contribute in the study of Islamic economics in worksheets, especially the quality of service and promotion of market share expansion and practically expected to be able to provide input to all employees of BSM KCP Ujungberung regarding the quality of service and promotion of market expansion of bailout products. Hajj that has been successfully carried out by BSM KCP Rancaekek.The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant influence of service quality on the expansion of market share by 53.3% with a strong correlation of 0.730 and through t test, where t counts at 8.245 (> t table), then H_0 is rejected and H_i is accepted. Furthermore, there is a significant influence of promotion on the expansion of market share by 30.3% with a moderate / sufficient correlation of 0.550 through t test, where t counts is 4.219 (> t table), then H_ (0) is rejected and H_i is accepted. Then there is a significant influence of service quality and promotion simultaneously to the expansion of market share by 60.6% and a strong correlation of 0.784 and through Test F, where F count is 67.023 (> F table), then 〖H〗 _ ( 0) rejected and H_i accepted.
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Nelldal, B.-L. "The experience of the SJ X2000 tilting train and its effect on the market." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530715.
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X2000 is a tilting train that was introduced as a new product by the Swedish State Railways (SJ) on the 450 km line between Stockholm and Gothenburg in 1991. Travelling times have been reduced from 4 to 3 h or 25 per cent by the tilting device and increased top speed up to 200 km/h. Now rail can really compete with air. The rail market share of the rail-air market between the Stockholm and Gothenburg regions increased from 42 to 57 per cent between 1990 and 1996. The success of X2000 can, in addition to the travelling times, also be explained by higher comfort, service and quality as well as by the image of X2000 as a new product.
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Xu, Erming, and Hui Yang. "Does original region institutional quality matter?" Nankai Business Review International 5, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 2–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-12-2013-0046.
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Purpose – Although it has been proved in the macro level, that institutional quality (IQ) has significant influence on a country's economic growth, international trading, resource allocation, development strategy and others, its direct influence on micro level, or firm level still remains ambiguous. In this article, the authors aim to focus on the influence of IQ of a company's original region on its financial performance. The authors choose H share companies as the sample and try to answer an interesting question that whether original region matters during the development of a company in abroad stock market. Design/methodology/approach – This article uses a panel data of 120 H share firms, each ranges from 2005 to 2009. First, the authors use sectional analysis by SPSS19.0 to test the correlations and primary relationship among variables. Then, the authors use ordinary linear square (OLS) regression model to test the hypotheses with cross-sectional to reveal the primary results. In the end, the authors use STATA 11.0 to test panel data to decide the final results. Findings – The authors concluded that private sector development and product market development have positive effects on corporate financial performance, while laws and regulations development have negative effect. Type of the first shareholder plays an important role partly between region IQ and corporate financial performance: to governance-CFP relationship, non-state shareholders perform better than state ones; to product market-CFP relationship, state shareholders perform better non-state ones. Practical implications – In practices perspective, this conclusion is also inspirative. This study has implications for executives, too, and should help them to better manage their ownership structure. The results suggest that managers should choose first shareholder with critical thinking. Another way, this study has implications for governments-company interactions. It suggests that governments should engage in building an institution with high quality, so that every company will benefit from it. Originality/value – This article is the first research on region-level relationship between IQ and corporate financial performance, which is consistent with the multi-level structure of institution concept. And the authors employ H share companies as the sample, which revealed more about the conflict between governance and market embedded in regional institution.
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Harumová, Anna. "Model H application to determine synergic effects on merger and acquisition." SHS Web of Conferences 83 (2020): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208301021.
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Synergistic effects arise as effects of joint action based on mergers or acquisitions. Bundling is a common part of the growth strategy. A merger may acquire forms of merger or merger. Acquisition represents the acquisition of the ownership and management value of one company over another. Theory distinguishes in this case from property acquisitions in which the acquisition of the company's assets and capital acquisitions occurs, in which the acquisition of a decisive share in the voting rights of the company is obtained. Reasons for merger and acquisition are to gain more market share, restructure entities, improve balance of payments, and so on. The success of the merger and the acquisition confirms the emergence of a synergy effect. In determining the value of synergies in this article was used newly created Model H, which is based on a valuation of the business enterprise.
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Strauss, Nadine, and Christopher Holmes Smith. "Buying on rumors: how financial news flows affect the share price of Tesla." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 24, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-09-2018-0091.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to research how corporate communication regarding a specific corporate event (i.e. Tesla’s tweets about a new product) as well as the framing of both the event itself and the market reactions therewith in the news media influence the formation of the share price of the respective company over time. In so doing, the study provides insights into the nature of market-moving information and the role of financial news flows in shaping market reactions in today’s high-frequency news and information environment. Design/methodology/approach Using a multi-method case study approach, combining quantitative intraday event studies with a qualitative text analysis of financial online news and tweets by Elon Musk and Twitter, the authors shed light on the complex interaction between market events, financial information and stock market reactions. The analysis covers a period of four days, encompassing the announcement and introduction of the new battery pack for Model S and X by Tesla as well as the accompanying and follow-up reporting by the financial news media. Findings Findings show that market reactions are driven by business events and expectations among the market rather than the follow-up reporting by financial news media. Financial online news instead seems to heavily rely on Elon Musk’s attention-triggering news to sustain its 24-h airtime with a variety of reporting tools, keeping the highly demanded audience engaged. Eventually, Twitter accounts of media visible companies and personalities, such as Tesla and its CEO Elon Musk, have been found to be useful market information sources for day traders and shareholders to trade at a profit. Originality/value The study is a response to recent discussions about the legitimacy of Twitter communication by CEOs or representatives of listed companies. The findings show that Twitter communication needs to be well considered in light of strict market regulations (e.g. SEC in the USA) regarding insider-trading and the publication of market-relevant information. In addition, corporate financial communication should avoid impetuous communication via social media channels as this could have deterrent effects on the market valuation of a listed company.
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Pieloch-Babiarz, Aleksandra. "Occurrence of Calendar Anomalies in Dividend Companies – the Case of Quarter-of-the-Year Effect." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 54, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2020.54.4.101-109.
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<p><strong>Theoretical background</strong>: The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) states that share prices immediately and fully reflect all information available on the market, so stock investors are not able to “beat the market” in the long term. Since stock exchanges are not fully efficient, there are numerous exceptions to EMH, called market anomalies (seasonal anomalies, fundamental anomalies, etc.). The occurrence of such anomalies enables stock investors to achieve excess market returns. Therefore, market anomalies are of particular interest to them. However, there are no studies on “beating the market” in the long term by dividend investing. Research to date has focused mainly on the short-term response of the capital market to dividend announcements.</p><p><strong>Purpose of the article</strong>: The purpose of this paper is to examine whether by dividend investing stock investor is able to “beat the market” on quarterly basis, i.e. achieve excess market returns in some quarters of the year. In order to conduct the research, the following hypothesis was formulated: The average rates of return on the dividend index are higher in the third quarter of the calendar year than the average rates of return on other indices.</p><p><strong>Research methods</strong>: The study was carried out in the period between 2012 and 2019 on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) using rates of return on income indices (i.e. WIG, WIGdiv, WIG20TR, WIG30TR, mWIG40TR and sWIG80TR). The main method used for the calculation was Kruskal–Wallis <em>H</em> test.</p><p><strong>Main findings</strong>: Average returns on examined indices were negative in the second quarter of the year. Our finding is consistent with the so-called holiday effect. The highest rates of return occurred in the third quarter, except for small and medium companies. In these cases, the highest returns were observed in the first quarter). The study conducted with the use of the Kruskal–Wallis <em>H</em> test showed that the null hypothesis, stating that the cases come from the same population, cannot be rejected.</p>
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Ribadeneira Páez, María Gracia, Oswaldo Sebastian Vega Perez, and Jonathan Luis Cruz Pierard. "Market share analysis: International direct offer to and from Bogota’s International Airport El Dorado (2017-2019)." Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 25, no. 110 (August 25, 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v25i110.476.
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The objective of this research is to measure the market share generated by commercial passenger transport airlines that operate direct international routes to and from El Dorado International Airport during the study period 2017-2019, as well as to identify the size of airlines' offer and the market leader, and observing its behavior; considering this airport as the main and most important one in Colombia, as well as cataloged and awarded as one of the best airports in South America by the criteria of the recognized and significant Skytrax awards of the aviation industry; Likewise, this work handles a qualitative-quantitative, exploratory and descriptive bibliographic approach based on the synthetic and deductive-inductive methods applied in the process for obtaining the results and revealed in the analysis presented about the market share reflected by the studied airlines, through the quantitative data collected about the direct international routes handled by each one of them, the size of the market and its evolution throughout the study period.
Keywords: Market share, international direct routes, airlines, airport.
References
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Octrina, Fajra, and Rike Setiawati. "Competitiveness of Indonesian banking industry based on commercial bank business group: Panzar Rosse Model." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 7, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v7i1.7475.
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The present research was aimed to investigating the competitiveness in Indonesian banking sector during the period of 2005 to 2016, to set the limit of the scope of the study a total sample is 84 banks. This research was conducted by grouping banks based on ownership and based on BUKU (General Bank based on Business Activities). The study also aimed to analyze the banking competitiveness based on classification of banks and groups of capital ownership. The study was conducted by evaluating the value of H-statistic for the research model comprising of three input variables, namely funds, labors and capital. The results of the research show that the market of banking industry in Indonesia is classified as monopolistic competition. The limitation of this study is that this study only looks at the competition variable, and has not seen its relationship with other variables. In subsequent studies, it is expected to conduct research related to competition and relate it to other variables, such as market share or level of market concentration.
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Krasnova, I. V., A. V. Nikitin, and V. H. Shevaldina. "Consolidation of the Banking Sector: Determinants and Consequences." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 1, no. 47 (2021): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2021-1-98-106.
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The article aims at substantiating the theoretical and methodological foundations of research in bank consolidation and assessing its consequences in order to identify the relationship between consolidation and the banking market structure. The main preconditions and priorities of consolidation are systematized and generalized, taking into account the theory of financial integration and synergetic interaction. This approach will contribute to deeper understanding of the motives and trends of consolidation in modern conditions. It is noted that the transnationalization and concentration of capital form the basis for market consolidation, which goes through a certain life cycle, the latter being specified by the authors. It is concluded that the universal, integrated nature of financial business and the formation of financial business ecosystems is becoming more widespread. The main changes in financial mediation are identified. Statistics of banking concentration in Ukraine is given. The dynamics of concentration ratio for the period from January 1, 2000 to August 1, 2020 was analyzed, revealing that the market is moderately concentrated. It is stipulated that the higher the combined share of the five major banks in the banking sector, the less likely a domestic merger and acquisition is. Accordingly, the domestic banking market, compared to European ones, has significant potential. It is concluded that the high values of profitability indicators speak of excess demand over supply in the banking market; thus, competitive intensity under such conditions is minimal, even with the withdrawal of most banks from the market. Thus, competition is only declared. In the future, we should expect increased non-interest rate competition. It is noted that competitive intensity depends on the concentration, dynamics and profitability of the banking market. Competition assessment, carried out using non-structural measures, H-statistics, Boone indicators and Lerner index, showed that, since the an individual bank does not build up its range of activity through consolidation, or by redistributing its market share among participants, but due to the growing demand for banking services, and remote services in particular, competition is actually reduced. The research confirmed that the processes of concentration, consolidation and competition are interconnected, and this connection should be identified to better understand the formation of the banks’ functional strategy and their choice of the business model.
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Krajišnik, Milenko, and Sanja Popović. "Export Competitiveness of the Economic Sectors of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Economic Themes 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 433–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2019-0025.
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AbstractThe competitiveness of the national economy, its sectors and companies is essential for economic growth and development in the conditions of the global market. This importance is especially expressed for small open economies, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Bosnia and Herzegovina must strengthen its export position in the most competitive sectors, so that it can develop under conditions of increasingly liberalized world trade, with growing competition. The aim of this paper is to investigate the sectora structure of B&H exports, the competitiveness, significance and performance of certain sectors, in order to identify weaknesses and possible ways o improvement. For the purposes of this analysis, the Trade Competitiveness Map analysis methodology was used to assess the competitiveness of the sector, using the Trade Performance Index (TPI). The main aim of the methodology is to determine sectoral export performance, in order to facilitate strategic market research and monitoring of national foreign trade performance. B&H has the poor export sector structure, with the low level o international competitiveness, reflected in the large share of resource intensive products and low-value processing products with low added value Improving competitiveness could be achieved by strengthening the most competitive sectors, as well as by changing the economic structure towards the development of technologically intensive and highly profitable sectors o the economy.
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Lici, Eleana, and Irena Boboli. "Concentration and Competition in the Albanian Banking Sector." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v2i1.p168-173.
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Albania has a relatively new financial system, where banking system is the most developed financial service in our country, with a share of 94, 4% of the total financial services. This is a phenomenon of countries with emerging economies, which proves that there is greater reliance on the state economic development of the banking sector, by effecting from the households to the biggest investors and the government. As in any market, competition is important for the banking sector because, it affects the efficiency and the quality of services offered. Furthermore, competition in banking has also implications for other sectors of the economy. So, higher competition in the banking sector is found to be associated with a faster growth of other sectors of the economy that rely on external financing. The main goal of this paper is to understand the characteristics of competition in our banking system and study the relationship between the level of concentration and competition. We are going to measure the concentration by the “H” indices. The “H” (Herfindaflit) indices is a measure of the level of the concentration of the banking system of a country. A high level of the indices shows a high level of concentration and as a consequence a low level of competition. A low level of the indices shows a low level of concentration which is sign of a banking market with a high competition.
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Paulson, Jeffrey Steven, Anil Raj Kizha, and Han-Sup Han. "Integrating Biomass Conversion Technologies with Recovery Operations In-Woods: Modeling Supply Chain." Logistics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics3030016.
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Economic potential of feedstock generated low-valued forest residue can be enhanced by emerging biomass conversion technologies (BCT), such as torrefaction, briquetting, and gasification. However, for implementing these emerging processes within the woods, several hurdles are to be overcome, among which a balanced supply chain is pivotal. Centralized biomass recovery operation (CBRO) could be an economically viable solution in accessing harvesting sites and allows integration of BCT into forest management. The goal of this study was to examine the logistic effects of integrating a BCT into a CBRO, under different in-wood scenarios based on variations in travel time between the facility locations, amount of raw materials handled, intermediate storage capacity, and duration (number of days) of annual operations. Specific objectives included analyzing the effects of forest residue recoverability (BDMT, bone dry metric ton/ha), total transportation time from the harvest unit to the market, and the annual number of in-woods production sites on the overall efficiency of the BCT operations. Concurrently, this study examined the forest managerial impacts due to such an integration. Location-allocation tool (maximize market share problem type) within the ArcGIS Network Analyst platform was utilized to model the scenarios and generate one-way travel times from the harvest site to final markets. Results from geospatial analysis showed that there were 89–159 and 64–136 suitable locations for the BCT for logistics model (LM) I and II, respectively. Total one-way travel time for all the models ranged between 1.0–1.7 h. Additionally, the annual numbers of BCT sites was inversely proportional to the total one-way travel time (i.e., harvest unit to market). Arranging CBRO and BCT operations to occur at the same in-woods site returned shorter total and average travel times than arranging the two activities at separate in-woods sites. The model developed for this study can be used by forest managers and entrepreneurs to identify sites for placing BCTs in the forest that minimizes transportation times.
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Yeşiltepe, Selçuk, Mehmet Buğdaycı, Onuralp Yücel, and Mustafa Şeşen. "Recycling of Alkaline Batteries via a Carbothermal Reduction Process." Batteries 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010035.
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Primary battery recycling has important environmental and economic benefits. According to battery sales worldwide, the most used battery type is alkaline batteries with 75% of market share due to having a higher performance than other primary batteries such as Zn–MnO2. In this study, carbothermal reduction for zinc oxide from battery waste was completed for both vacuum and Ar atmospheres. Thermodynamic data are evaluated for vacuum and Ar atmosphere reduction reactions and results for Zn reduction/evaporation are compared via the FactSage program. Zn vapor and manganese oxide were obtained as products. Zn vapor was re-oxidized in end products; manganese monoxide and steel container of batteries are evaluated as ferromanganese raw material. Effects of carbon source, vacuum, temperature and time were studied. The results show a recovery of 95.1% Zn by implementing a product at 1150 °C for 1 h without using the vacuum. The residues were characterized by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods.
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Al-Zoubi, Haitham A. "Cyclical and Persistent Carry Trade Returns and Forward Premia." Quarterly Journal of Finance 07, no. 04 (November 22, 2017): 1750010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139217500100.
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We show that carry trade excess returns and forward premia of exchange rates possess persistent and clear business-cycle patterns. Our results contradict the peso model of hedged carry trade developed by [Burnside, C., M. Eichenbaum, I. Kleshchelski, and S. Rebelo, 2011, Do Peso Problems Explain the Returns to the Carry Trade?, Review of Financial Studies 24(3), 853–891.] and the overconfidence model of carry trade developed by [Burnside, C., B. Han, D. Hirshleifer, and T. Y. Wang, 2011, Investor Overconfidence and the Forward Premium Puzzle, Review of Economic Studies 78(2), 523–558.]. Our results support equilibrium asset pricing models and share the habit formation view of [Verdelhan, A., 2010, A Habit-Based Explanation of the Exchange Rate Risk Premium, Journal of Finance 65(1), 123–145.] that requires countercyclical risk premia. In bad times, when risk aversion is high and domestic interest rates are low, investors require positive currency excess returns. Consistent with [Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2014, Countercyclical Currency Risk Premia, Journal of Financial Economics 111(3), 527–553.] the cyclicality of excess returns is associated with the cyclicality of forward premia. We find that the persistence in forward premia and excess returns is related to their cyclicality. Our results are robust to the [Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2011, Common Risk Factors in Currency Market, Review of Financial Studies 24(11), 3731–3777; Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2014, Countercyclical Currency Risk Premia, Journal of Financial Economics 111(3), 527–553.] high-minus-low (HML) and “dollar carry trade” portfolios.
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Li, Yuming, Daying Yan, and Joe Greco. "Market segmentation and price differentials between A shares and H shares in the Chinese stock markets." Journal of Multinational Financial Management 16, no. 3 (July 2006): 232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2005.07.003.
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Thomas, Tejil. "Employee Advocacy as a Marketing Strategy to Power Brand Promotion: an Employee Perspective." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 2 (2020): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.2-12.
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Employee Advocacy is an emerging and cost-effective concept of employee amplification to market products and services by enabling employees to build and share the company's brand contents through social media platforms. The paper summarizes the available research-based contents as well as articles and blogs of experts in the field of digital and social media marketing. The study primarily intended to assess employees’ awareness and perception of various aspects of employee advocacy. It has identified forms and types of contents shared and social media platforms now used by the employees in the automotive sector for leveraging brand promotion and communicating with the target market. The study has been designed as a descriptive research paper based on the empirical data collected from a sample of 102 employees from automobile showrooms in the southern districts of Kerala using a snowball sampling technique. A questionnaire was drafted with the help of google forms and administered among the respondents via email and WhatsApp. Two-dimensional plot of correspondence analysis, Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied to present and describe the empirical data and to draw inference about the significance of the difference in the awareness and perception of employees about the aspects of employee advocacy on brand promotion in terms of demographic factors. Awareness level and understanding of the elements of employee advocacy is found very low and significantly different among employees according to the designation. This paper also indicates that the social media policies and guidelines of the companies were not rightly imparted to the employees. That’s why the involvement and creative use of the potentials of social media platforms by the employees were not up to a remarkable level. Employees perceived that employee advocacy as a cost-effective brand promotion strategy for the future, and it demands the employer’s motivation, recognition, and rewards for inspiring employees to be brand ambassadors. This research addressed a relatively new concept in which there has been no extensive empirical researches and calls on the attention of the market as well as academic researchers for contributing the unexplored areas of the novel and powerful idea for utilizing human resources in a platform where they are interested and involved. Keywords: content marketing, digital marketing, employee amplification, employee engagement, social media marketing.
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Dar, Arslan Salim, and Lüder von Bremen. "Short-Term Forecasting of Wake-Induced Fluctuations in Offshore Wind Farms." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 23, 2019): 2833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142833.
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The increasing share of offshore wind energy traded at the spot market requires short term wind direction forecasts to determine wake losses and increased power fluctuations due to multiple wakes in certain wind directions. The information on potential power fluctuations can be used to issue early warnings to grid operators. The current work focuses on analyzing wind speed and power fluctuation time series for a German offshore wind farm. By associating these fluctuations with wind directions, it is observed that the turbines in double or multiple wake situations yield higher fluctuations in wind speed and power compared to the turbines in free flow. The wind direction forecasts of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast model are compared with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data observations of the turbine yaw. The cumulative probability distribution of the difference in forecasted and observed wind directions shows that for a tolerance of +/−10 ∘ , 71% of the observations are correctly forecasted for a lead time of 1 day, which drops to 54% for a lead time of 3 days. The circular continuous rank probability score of the observed wind directions doubles over the lead time of 72 h.
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Kovalevska, I. V., O. A. Ruban, and O. M. Yevtushenko. "Researches of the assortment of drugs for the treatment of diabetes II type оn the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 2 (May 10, 2019): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.2.19.02.
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Type II diabetes is a global pandemic, as evidenced by data from a study by the International Diabetes Federation. The disease is a chronic, progressive process with a special metabolic condition that is characterized by hyperglycemia. Therapeutic effects should be aimed at eliminating the main causes of type II diabetes mellitus: insulin secretion dysfunction, a decrease in tissue resistance to insulin, or a combination of these. The aim of the work was to study the range of oral antidiabetic drugs on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine for the treatment of type II diabetes. The objects of study were drugs used in the treatment of type II diabetes. Studies were conducted using content analysis of official sources of information. In the course of the work, the range of antidiabetic drugs, classification, mechanism of action, cost, main advantages and disadvantages of use were established. It is established that the most common dosage form for the treatment of diabetes are tablets, which occupy more than 90% of the total range of drugs. The lack of modern types of dosage forms in the group A10B is the basis for the creation of new drugs with improved biopharmaceutical and consumer properties.
The data obtained indicate a strong dependence of the pharmaceutical market of antidiabetic drugs of Ukraine on imports, with the exception of insulin (А10В). The share of imports in the market in quantitative terms for the period under review amounted to more than 75.86% of the total market volume.
It has been established that the use of drugs of the A10B A, A10B F groups with an affordable cost with active therapy contributes to a lower rate of development of diabetes mellitus type II and a high degree of regression to normal glucose, without affecting the fluctuations in body weight. Preparations of the new generation (A10B H, A10B J, A10B X) are highly effective with an insufficient safety profile. The high cost of drugs of these groups makes them inaccessible to the general population. It has been shown that only metformin and voglibosis have a positive effect on body mass fluctuation rates, which will ensure safe and effective glycemic control with minimal risk of hypoglycemia and without weight gain in the treatment of type II diabetes.
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Xu, Xiaoqing Eleanor. "Market Structure, Volatility, and Performance of H Shares." Chinese Economy 34, no. 1 (January 2001): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ces1097-1475340149.
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Jaworski and Kajda-Szcześniak. "Research on the Kinetics of Pyrolysis of Wood-Based Panels in Terms of Waste Management." Energies 12, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193705.
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Currently, there is a lot of interest in implementing the idea of a circular economy along with searching for optimal methods of waste management in terms of raw materials and energy. Waste wood-based floor panels are part of this discussion with regard to its management. The interest in this waste results from statistics and the prediction of its future quantities on the waste market. The separation and testing of individual layers of the waste floor panel was undertaken to answer the following question: Is it reasonable to mechanically separate the contaminated upper panel layer from the remaining part (which is suitable for material recycling) and subject it to thermal transformation methods? Thermogravimetric studies did not confirm the rationale of mechanical separation of layers for further management. Therefore, the use of pyrolysis was proposed as an alternative by showing the advantages of this process in the thermal transformation of the tested waste. The analyzed kinetics of this process included: mass loss, the influence of heating rate on the decomposition process, the impact of volatile parts in the substrate on the rate of mass loss, and the share of coke residue. Empirical formulas of the tested substrates in the molecular formula C–H–O–N (carbon-hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen) were also proposed to assess its energy usefulness by entering the analyzed waste into a Van Krevelen diagram.
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Zhang, Yimin, and Ronald Zhao. "Risk under "One Country and Two Systems": Evidence from Class A, B and H Shares of Chinese Listed Companies." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 06, no. 02 (June 2003): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091503001067.
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Chinese listed companies issue Class A, B and H shares to Chinese, foreign and Hong Kong investors, respectively. Entitled to exactly the same rights and obligations, the three classes of shares are, however, traded at significantly different prices. The valuation differential is attributable to the different responses to the country-specific risk related to the emerging Chinese stock market by the three categories of investors. The country risk of China can be decomposed into political risk, exchange rate risk, interest rate risk and market risk. Empirical tests provide strong evidence to support the decomposition model. Compared with Chinese investors of A-shares, foreign investors would require a higher rate of return for B-shares to adjust for the political risk of China, reflecting a differential in the risk premium required on the world capital market. In comparison, the Hong Kong investors, who have greater tolerance of the political risk involved in H-shares as a result of the increasing integration between the Hong Kong and Chinese markets under "one country and two systems", are willing to pay a higher price for H-shares relative to B-shares.
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Kachmar, Roman. "Features of operation of the Tesla Model S90D electric car in the conditions of the cities of Ukraine." Transport technologies 2021, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/tt2021.01.075.
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Tendencies of sustainable development of transport, the use of alternative energy sources, and requirements to the reduction of the carbon footprint on all stages of life cycle on all levels of road transport have led to the increase of the share of the electric car both at the first registration and used vehicles. The appearance of a large amount of used modern electric cars on the market caused the necessity to develop the procedures of provision their technical operation both by requirements of rational use and provision of traffic safety. Research of the use of electric car Tesla Model S90D in conditions of Ukraine is carried out with certain indicators of environment and with different settings of car parameters. This provides an opportunity to understand how much the given model of the electric car is appropriate in exploitation in different conditions and also to determine which parameters of electric car settings fit the economic usage in different conditions and different seasons most of all. By results of road research on the change of accumulator battery capacity depending on the temperature of the environment, we established that the capacity reduces by 1% with every degree of negative temperature. A comfortable range of temperatures is determined for the use of accumulator battery of car (from 0 to 20 °С) is determined. By results of the research, the indicators of the effectiveness of the use of electric car battery power saving mode are determined – the reduction of the consumption is from 14 to 29 % depending on energy consumers. The significant impact of the pressure values in electric car tires on the energy consumption is established independently from turning on the energy consumers – the increase is from 10% to 40% depending on its speed of movement. Additionally, the determination of the indicators of electric car energy effectiveness for the speed of 140-150 km/h is carried out by which the energy use is 550-670 W h/km and provides the driving distance on the level of 160 km.
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Maughan, P. J., T. B. Turner, C. E. Coleman, D. B. Elzinga, E. N. Jellen, J. A. Morales, J. A. Udall, D. J. Fairbanks, and A. Bonifacio. "Characterization of Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene homoeologs in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)." Genome 52, no. 7 (July 2009): 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g09-041.
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Salt tolerance is an agronomically important trait that affects plant species around the globe. The Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene encodes a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter that plays an important role in germination and growth of plants in saline environments. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a halophytic, allotetraploid grain crop of the family Amaranthaceae with impressive nutritional content and an increasing worldwide market. Many quinoa varieties have considerable salt tolerance, and research suggests quinoa may utilize novel mechanisms to confer salt tolerance. Here we report the cloning and characterization of two homoeologous SOS1 loci (cqSOS1A and cqSOS1B) from C. quinoa, including full-length cDNA sequences, genomic sequences, relative expression levels, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, and a phylogenetic analysis of SOS1 genes from 13 plant taxa. The cqSOS1A and cqSOS1B genes each span 23 exons spread over 3477 bp and 3486 bp of coding sequence, respectively. These sequences share a high level of similarity with SOS1 homologs of other species and contain two conserved domains, a Nhap cation-antiporter domain and a cyclic-nucleotide binding domain. Genomic sequence analysis of two BAC clones (98 357 bp and 132 770 bp) containing the homoeologous SOS1 genes suggests possible conservation of synteny across the C. quinoa sub-genomes. This report represents the first molecular characterization of salt-tolerance genes in a halophytic species in the Amaranthaceae as well as the first comparative analysis of coding and non-coding DNA sequences of the two homoeologous genomes of C. quinoa.
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Marwiyah, M., R. Rusijono, and Fajar Arianto. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAI BASED ANDROID IN SOLAR SYSTEM AND UNIVERSE TOPIC FOR TENTH-GRADE." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i2.9824.
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The aim of the research to generate learning media, thus the media development will assist students to understand the content during the learning process. Besides establishing a product, the manual guide was also arranged. The method used was Research and Development (R & D) model, the validation result of content expert I and II obtain a very good category and media experts I and II also obtain a very good category. The result of individual test is categorized very well with percentage of 91.01%, the result of small group test is categorized very well with percentage of 91.43 %, the result of the large group test is categorized very well with percentage of 89.60%. Hence, based on the result of Android-based CAI media development of Geography in solar system and universe topic of tenth-grade in Al-Iftitahiyah High School needs to be developed and utilized as a learning media that could support the teaching and learning process.
Keywords: Development, CAI Based on Android, Geography
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Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Kume, Vasilika, Ana Tomovska Misoska, and Predrag Djordjevic. "Riding the waves of change: story of Brunes Ltd." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 2 (June 14, 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-04-2015-0061.
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Subject area Strategic management, HR Management, Change management, Marketing. Study level/applicability Potential audience. This case will serve to undergraduate students, master level students, in the subjects, entrepreneurship, managing change, marketing, H&R management, strategic management. Case overview The Brunes Company was founded in 1994 by Gerond Cela and his brother, with the goal to provide quality products for bathrooms in the then-emerging Albanian market. During the next few years, it had grown into one of the biggest wholesale and retail chains in Albania, with huge portfolio of goods for home refurbishing. The beginnings were very humble. Armed only with the high school diploma in textile trading, born and raised in an ex-communist country without developed entrepreneurship culture, Gerond set off to Italy, a popular destination for young Albanians who were looking for an opportunity to escape the pitfalls of the post-communist transitional economy. Gerond recognized the huge gap in the market for imported tiles in his home country, so he began importing quality Italian tiles in 1994. Initially, he was doing the wholesale from his truck, due to the lack of retail stores. He focused on increasing customer satisfaction and built the company name as trustful provider of quality goods. This strategy brought him less profit, but his long-term goal was to build the company name and to establish it as a trustful provider of quality goods. In 1999, he bought 18,000 m2 (for 50.000 euro) land on the highway Tirana-Durres, 7 km from the city centre, which proved to be extremely worthwhile in the long run because the price of the land had skyrocketed up to ten times during the next decade, due to the economic development of Albania. In 2004, Gerond and his brother epitomized their business idea. They entered the market of home furniture. In 2009, the company expanded further in country towns like Lezha, Saranda and Fier. After two decades of establishing his company as a market leader with approximately 30 per cent of market share, Brunes Company is at the crossroads. On one hand, it is pressured by very stiff competition in the form of their main competitor Delta Home, which succeeded in taking 10-15 per cent of the marketing just in one year. On the other hand, the company has been stagnating for some period without a concrete plan to overcome this problem, as well as without a clear strategy for the future directions of the expansion. To diversify the company’s portfolio, Gerond built a factory for tiling accessories which will cost 8 million Euros and employs about 30 workers. Expected learning outcomes Specific objectives of the case are as follows: to portray individuals who became successful primary through their leadership abilities, and to examine how their experiences and values contributed to the success of their business; illustrate the impact on operations of an increasingly competitive environment and how this environment affects the need for a change in strategy; identify the challenges of selling luxury goods in a competitive retail environment; to assist students to critically think about diversification strategy; to gain an understanding how to adapt to change; to discuss for issues that must be changed (culture, people, technology, values and philosophy of leadership, marketing, business model), to grow. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy
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Yuan, Di, Xiafei Zhou, and Shan Li. "The Dynamics of Financial Market Integration Between Chinese A- and H-Shares." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 54, no. 13 (July 24, 2018): 2909–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2017.1410128.
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Lambkin, Mary. "Pioneering new markets: A comparison of market share winners and losers." International Journal of Research in Marketing 9, no. 1 (March 1992): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(92)90026-h.
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Chen, Zhimin, and Rustam Ibragimov. "One country, two systems? The heavy-tailedness of Chinese A- and H- share markets." Emerging Markets Review 38 (March 2019): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2018.11.007.
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Krzeczewska, Olga. "The Competitors’ Response to a Bankruptcy Filing Announcement Made by a Stock-Listed Company Depending on Sector Characteristics." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 55, no. 1 (May 11, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2021.55.1.31-40.
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<p>The main aim of the article is to determine how the bankruptcy filing announcement of a stock listed company affects the market valuation of its competitors, depending on the sector characteristic. An event study was conducted on the example of returns to shares of companies comprised in the WIG index and operating in 9 sectors. It is indicated that the bankruptcy filing announcement is quickly (within one day) incorporated into the share prices of competitors of the announcing firm. It is confirmed that the direction of market reaction toward share prices of competitors is differentiated by the characteristics of the sector. Averaged results show that the competitive effect occurs in the sectors with a high level of concentration, while the contagion effect is noted in sectors with low concentration. Companies from sectors characterized by low leverage experience the competitive effect. No information transfer was found for a group of companies in sectors characterized by high leverage.</p>
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Wang, Steven Shuye, and Li Jiang. "Location of trade, ownership restrictions, and market illiquidity: Examining Chinese A- and H-shares." Journal of Banking & Finance 28, no. 6 (June 2004): 1273–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4266(03)00119-5.
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Ivey, Kelsey S., Yuwei Zhu, Natasha B. Halasa, William Schaffner, Angela P. Campbell, Shikha Garg, Jill M. Ferdinands, and H. Keipp Talbot. "Estimated Hospitalization Rates for Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children in Middle Tennessee using a Capture-Recapture Method." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.738.
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Abstract Background Ongoing surveillance of influenza activity is important to monitor variation in disease severity and vaccine effectiveness, but surveillance systems have limitations. The capture-recapture method aims to more comprehensively estimate disease burden by combining data from independent studies. Methods Residents of 8 counties in Middle TN hospitalized with influenza during the 2015-16 influenza A(H1N1pdm09)-predominant season were identified using data from 3 independent CDC-sponsored programs. The Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network/Emerging Infections Program (FluSurv-Net/EIP) identifies adult and pediatric cases based on a positive clinician-ordered influenza test. The U.S. Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) and the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) enroll adults (3 hospitals) and children (1 hospital), respectively, with respiratory symptoms with/without fever, and obtain nasal/throat swabs to identify cases of influenza; 2015–2016 was a pilot year for HAIVEN. Using the numbers of matched and unmatched cases detected by two studies, a capture-recapture analysis estimated the total number (N) of influenza-related hospitalizations in the population (Table 1). Due to small sample size, the Chapman equation was used, where N = ((a + b + 1)(a + c + 1)/(a + 1)) – 1. The capture–recapture estimates were adjusted for the hospitals’ market share for acute respiratory illness in middle TN residents (69.2% for children and 23.9% for adults) based on hospital discharge data. Results Capture-recapture analyses based on unadjusted crude data are shown in Figure 1A and 1B. Age-specific rates of hospitalization were then calculated (Figure 1C). Conclusion Using a capture–recapture method, we estimated influenza hospitalization rates of 0.87 (95% CI 0.06–1.68) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.62–0.98) per 1,000 persons among children and adults, respectively. Disclosures N. B. Halasa, sanofi pasteur: Research Contractor, Research support. Astra Zeneca: Research Contractor, Grant recipient. W. Schaffner, Pfizer: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Merck: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Novavax: Consultant, Consulting fee. Dynavax: Consultant, Consulting fee. Sanofi-pasteur: Consultant, Consulting fee. GSK: Consultant, Consulting fee. Seqirus: Consultant, Consulting fee. H. K. Talbot, Gilead: Investigator, Research support. MedImmune: Investigator, Research support. sanofi pasteur: Investigator, Research support. VaxInnate: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Sequirus: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee.
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Morales, Alfonso, Steven Balkin, and Joseph Persky. "The Value of Benefits of a Public Street Market: The Case of Maxwell Street." Economic Development Quarterly 9, no. 4 (November 1995): 304–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249500900402.
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EDQ introduces a new format to the Forum section in this issue. Periodically an article is submitted to us that raises important policy or methodological issues that have generated sharp responses from external reviewers. We believe that the debate that has taken place between the authors and reviewers is of such importance that we have then solicited people to comment on the article. Controversy on Maxwell Street raises the issue of the marriage of anthropologic and economic techniques in economic development analysis. We hope that you find this debate as stimulating as we did. Controversy on Maxwell Street began when Morales, Balkin, and Persky submitted their article, “The Value of Benefits of a Public Street Market: The Case of Maxwell Street.” We then requested that Rhoda H. Halperin and Wim Wiewel respond. Following their responses is a rejoinder by the authors. Chicago's Maxwell Street Market was among the oldest open-air public markets in the United States. The market was closed in August 1994 and a smaller alternative market was opened on Canal Street. This article estimates monetary losses resulting from the closure of the market. First, the authors briefly discuss the markets history, followed by a review of the literature on the informal economy. The problem of quantifying the value of street vending is addressed by combining ethnographic and economic analytical methods. Ethnography is introduced in the article's third section. The authors demonstrate the usefulness of merging ethnographic and economic analysis by estimating monetary losses to vendors and consumers as a result of changes in the market's governance and location.
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Frydrych, Sylwia. "The Delisting of a Company from the Warsaw Stock Exchange as a Result of the Cancellation of the Dematerialisation of Shares – Tender Offer Price vs. IPO Price." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 54, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2020.54.1.31-40.
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<p>Theoretical background: The growth in the number of companies delisted from the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE), as a result of the cancellation of the dematerialisation of shares, has become a reason for considerations regarding the share price in tender offers addressed to shareholders who have held company securities since the Initial Public Offering (IPO).</p><p>Purpose of the article: The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the price in tender offers of the shares of companies which had finally been excluded from trading on the WSE as a result of the cancellation of the dematerialisation of shares would ensure a positive rate of return for shareholders who have held the shares since this company’s debut on the regulated market of the WSE.</p><p>Research methods: Public tender offers, announced between 2012 and 2018 on the regulated market of the WSE have been analysed. The analysis covered prices of shares of new listings on the WSE and share prices in the tender offers of 213 companies, out of which 55 companies have been excluded from trading on the regulated market of the WSE as a result of the cancellation of the dematerialisation of shares.</p><p>Main findings: The results of the research indicate that more than a half of the shareholders who have held the securities of companies in their portfolio since their debut, have suffered losses after companies have been excluded from trading on the WSE as a result of the cancellation of the dematerialisation of shares. Only 11% of the examined companies have generated more than double profit for investors compared with the issue price during their IPO. This research is one of the few studies on the Polish stock market to the best of the author’s knowledge.</p>
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Guo, Lin, Liang Tang, and Shiawee X. Yang. "Corporate governance and market segmentation: evidence from the price difference between Chinese A and H shares." Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 41, no. 2 (September 9, 2012): 385–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11156-012-0313-0.
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Yang, Lixin. "Future investment value of China’s listed life insurance companies’ H shares from the perspective of secondary market." E3S Web of Conferences 218 (2020): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021804012.
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China’s life insurance industry has just started in the 1990s after the reform and opening up, and its development experience is obviously insufficient, and it has not gone through a very complete life insurance development cycle. No matter from the actuarial technology, the professional level of the agent, the popularization time of the agent system, or the management experience, it is far from the developed areas of the world’s life insurance industry. In addition, many professional investors are worried about the future prospects of China’s life insurance industry because of the long-term existence of a low interest rate environment. However, after reading detailed materials (research papers, books, reviews, etc.), the final conclusion of this report is different from that of other too cautious investors . This report holds that: the current situation and prospect of China’s life insurance H shares meet the conditions of Davis double-click, and the main investors in the secondary market will encounter a unique opportunity to obtain excess returns by investing in domestic insurance H shares. On the level of objective factors, we analyze from the following four aspects: (I) the potential demand for life insurance in China will continue to increase significantly in the future; (II) most of the representative life insurance companies in China have low valuations; (III) the possible style switching in China’s secondary market is conducive to the rise of blue chips such as life insurance companies; (IV) from the long-term perspective of history, the insurance index has significantly outperformed the Shanghai Composite Index, which represents the market. In terms of subjective factors, we consider them from the following four perspectives: (I) the development and problems of life insurance industry in Japan and Taiwan; (II) on the liability side, China’s life insurance industry vigorously develops new products with high business value, so as to resist the impact of low interest rates; (III) the diversification of asset allocation at the investment end of China’s life insurance industry can make the profit of life insurance industry not limited by the interest rate; (IV) the change of service quality at the supply side is conducive to the life insurance companies to tap the potential market demand in China.
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Messmer, Bradley T., Emilia Albesiano, Dimitar G. Efremov, Fabio Ghiotto, Steven L. Allen, Jonathan Kolitz, Robin Foa, et al. "Multiple Distinct Sets of Stereotyped Antigen Receptors Indicate a Role for Antigen in Promoting Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Journal of Experimental Medicine 200, no. 4 (August 16, 2004): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20040544.
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Previous studies suggest that the diversity of the expressed variable (V) region repertoire of the immunoglobulin (Ig)H chain of B-CLL cells is restricted. Although limited examples of marked constraint in the primary structure of the H and L chain V regions exist, the possibility that this level of restriction is a general principle in this disease has not been accepted. This report describes five sets of patients, mostly with unmutated or minimally mutated IgV genes, with strikingly similar B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) arising from the use of common H and L chain V region gene segments that share CDR3 structural features such as length, amino acid composition, and unique amino acid residues at recombination junctions. Thus, a much more striking degree of structural restriction of the entire BCR and a much higher frequency of receptor sharing exists among patients than appreciated previously. The data imply that either a significant fraction of B-CLL cells was selected by a limited set of antigenic epitopes at some point in their development and/or that they derive from a distinct B cell subpopulation with limited Ig V region diversity. These shared, stereotyped Ig molecules may be valuable probes for antigen identification and important targets for cross-reactive idiotypic therapy.
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Wang, Janchung. "Price Behavior of Stock Index Futures: Evidence from the FTSE Xinhua China A50 and H-Share Index Futures Markets." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 47, sup1 (January 2011): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ree1540-496x4701s106.
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